CN1181335A - Electricity leakage alarm for ship - Google Patents
Electricity leakage alarm for ship Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1181335A CN1181335A CN97116306A CN97116306A CN1181335A CN 1181335 A CN1181335 A CN 1181335A CN 97116306 A CN97116306 A CN 97116306A CN 97116306 A CN97116306 A CN 97116306A CN 1181335 A CN1181335 A CN 1181335A
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- mentioned
- electric
- alarm
- leakage alarm
- leakage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/18—Status alarms
- G08B21/185—Electrical failure alarms
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- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a leakage alarm to detect the electric potential difference between the nuetral point of generator and the part of ship. When earth leakage generates in arbitral electric equipment, a leakage current is transmitted to a ship earth part via a case of the equipment. Under the condition, a current having the same size as the current flowing in the earth is impressed to a terminal of a leakage alarm unit connected to one ship earth. Namely, electric potential difference generates between the terminal and a terminal of the alarm unit connected to the neutral point of the generator 1a. A current flows into the terminal, and when the current is enough to drive a relay the relay is operated. Accordingly, an alarm lamp is operated and alarming sound is generated from a speaker.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of electricity leakage alarm for ship, detect the electric leakage that is taken place on the part of employed boats and ships in ocean or rivers, alarm takes place when electric leakage.
In the prior art, in ocean or rivers, carry cargo or people's boats and ships on, the device that can test the electric leakage that is taken place is not set in addition.Therefore, captain or bus attendant can not learn whether electric leakage has taken place before the contingency that is produced by electric leakage.That is after electric leakage takes place,,, generally speaking, be after material damage takes place, when someone of the philtrum by ship of boats and ships learns the moment of electric leakage through behind the certain hour.
For employed boats and ships in the ocean, in boats and ships, be provided with very expensive electrical equipments such as the aerogram machine of the acceptance transmission that is used for signal, the locating fish machine that is used to find the shoal of fish, radar.Therefore, detecting when whether electric leakage takes place owing to taking place in the specific electrical equipment in being installed in boats and ships to leak electricity is that then the economic loss that produces therefrom is very big accident has taken place in the electrical equipment of costliness after.
Describe the connection state of existing marine electrical equipment equipment below in detail.
Fig. 1 represents to be arranged on the connection state of the electrical equipment in the existing boats and ships.
Its single-piece constitutes and comprises: electrical generator 1, send the three-phase alternating voltage as employed whole voltage source in boats and ships; Switch board 2, the three-phase alternating voltage that input is exported from above-mentioned electrical generator is also given each electrical equipment that needs voltage voltage distribution; Electrical equipment 3,4,5, input is used by suitable three-phase alternating voltage that above-mentioned switch board 2 applied and after rectification is for the direct supply that needs.Wherein, aerogram machine, detection fish there many sound navigation ranging and the radar of above-mentioned electrical equipment 3,4,5 for sending signal.The ground connection of label 6 expression hulls, label 8 flows through the leakage current of hull ground connection 6 when being illustrated in electric leakage, and label 7 is illustrated in the electro spark that the electric leakage nidus produces, the electric wire that label 9 expressions are coated.
As seeing, in existing boats and ships, special-purpose electricity leakage alarm is not set from said structure.Like this, the three-phase alternating-current supply of being supplied with by electrical generator 1 drives whole electrical equipment 3,4,5 of boats and ships as driving power.
In more detail, be distributed into the voltage of suitable size and offer each electrical equipment 3,4,5 by switch board 2 by three-phase alternating-current supply R, S, the T that electrical generator 1 sent.Above-mentioned electrical equipment 3,4,5 is that driving voltage carries out work with the voltage of being supplied with by above-mentioned switch board 2.
Therefore, because aging or non-conductive imperfection take place electrical equipment 3,4,5, just have electric current and flow on the shell 13 of electrical equipment 5, and leak electricity by wetability air or seawater.
When in electrical equipment 5 electric leakage taking place like this, leakage current 8 will be transmitted on the hull ground connection 6 by the shell 13 of electrical equipment 5.Like this, when electric leakage takes place on the shell 13 of the electrical equipment in boats and ships 5, produce electro spark 7 at the electric leakage nidus, then the leakage current by shell 13 flows in the seawater 10 by hull ground connection 6.Thus, the fish that electricity is detested escapes to a distant place, and the result can not form the shoal of fish because of electric leakage, so, the problem that exists fishing output sharply to reduce.
And each electrical equipment 3,4,5 of boats and ships the three-phase alternating-current supply that is provided by electrical generator 1 is provided and is driven.Above-mentioned three-phase alternating-current supply is provided for each electrical equipment 5 by about 120 ° phase difference with certain ratio.Thus, when on the sub-T of specific input end of the electrical equipment 5 of importing three-phase alternating-current supply electric leakage taking place,, and heat is added on the electric wire 9 of coating by electro spark 7 and leakage current 8.At this moment, the electric wire fusing just can not normally be imported power supply, and like this, input is higher than the voltage of normal voltage on other input terminal, and makes unusual power supply input electrical equipment 5.
Like this, when unusual power supply input electrical equipment 5, can make above-mentioned electrical equipment 5 produce overloads and the breakage of electrical equipment or fire etc. take place.
Like this, in existing boats and ships,, take place or electrical equipment can not detect whether electric leakage has taken place before destroyed at fire even in operation, leak electricity.
Particularly, because employed aerogram machine, radar, the such electrical equipment of sound navigation ranging are extremely expensive machines in boats and ships, and there is the problem of bringing great economic loss by the bringing out of fault of the caused equipment of electric leakage.
Like this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of electricity leakage alarm for ship, difference of potential between the hull that the neutral of surveying the electrical generator be in 0 potential state usually and electric leakage are taken place, and detect whether electric leakage has taken place, just can when leaking electricity generation, give the alarm.
Be used to realize the related electricity leakage alarm for ship of the first embodiment of the present invention of above-mentioned purpose, it is characterized in that, comprising: electrical generator is bound up on hull ground connection to neutral and goes up and send electric power; A plurality of electrical equipments, the electric power that is sent by above-mentioned electrical generator is driven, and earth terminal is bound up on the hull ground connection; Electricity leakage alarm is bound up between the neutral and hull ground connection of above-mentioned electrical generator, when on above-mentioned electrical equipment electric leakage taking place, detects and flows through hull connected to chassis electric signal, and show that electric leakage takes place.
Be used to realize the related electricity leakage alarm for ship of the second embodiment of the present invention of above-mentioned purpose, it is characterized in that, comprising: electrical generator, send electric power; A plurality of electrical equipments, the electric power that is sent by above-mentioned electrical generator is driven, and earth terminal is bound up on the neutral of above-mentioned electrical generator; Electricity leakage alarm is bound up between the earth terminal of the neutral of above-mentioned electrical generator and above-mentioned a plurality of electrical equipments, when on above-mentioned electrical equipment electric leakage taking place, detects the electric signal that flows through earth terminal, and shows that electric leakage takes place.
Be used to realize the related electricity leakage alarm for ship of the third embodiment of the present invention of above-mentioned purpose, it is characterized in that, comprising: electrical generator, send electric power; A plurality of electrical equipments, the electric power that is sent by above-mentioned electrical generator is driven; Electricity leakage alarm is bound up between the neutral and above-mentioned a plurality of electrical equipment shell of above-mentioned electrical generator, when on above-mentioned electrical equipment electric leakage taking place, detects the electric signal that flows through shell, and shows that electric leakage takes place.
The related electricity leakage alarm for ship of the first embodiment of the present invention is installed between the neutral and hull ground connection of electrical generator.Be bound up on the neutral of above-mentioned electrical generator and the alarm generator between the hull ground connection, when electric leakage takes place, between the neutral of above-mentioned electrical generator and hull ground connection, produce difference of potential by flowing through above-mentioned hull connected to chassis leakage current, thus, alarm takes place when difference of potential produces.
The related electricity leakage alarm for ship of the second embodiment of the present invention is installed between the earth terminal of the neutral of electrical generator and electrical equipment.Above-mentioned electricity leakage alarm when on the part of equipment electric leakage taking place, detects the leakage current of the earth terminal that flows through above-mentioned equipment, and electric leakage takes place alarm takes place.
The related electricity leakage alarm for ship of the third embodiment of the present invention is installed between the shell of the neutral of electrical generator and electrical equipment.That is, when not leaking electricity, the shell of electrical equipment is in 0 potential state.In other words, when electric current flows through the shell of electrical equipment by wet air or seawater, use the difference of potential between the neutral of the shell of above-mentioned electrical equipment and electrical generator, detecting electric leakage and taking place.
The alarm generator that is applicable to embodiments of the invention has alarm with warning light and alarm song loud speaker.
Fig. 1 is the existing connection constitution diagram that is located at the electrical equipment in the boats and ships;
Fig. 2 is the related constitution diagram at hull ground connection first line of a couplet junction leakage alarm device of the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the related constitution diagram at the earth terminal first line of a couplet junction leakage alarm device of electrical equipment of the second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the related constitution diagram at electrical equipment shell first line of a couplet junction leakage alarm device of the third embodiment of the present invention.
Below the related boats and ships of embodiments of the invention are elaborated with alarm generator.
Fig. 2 represents the connection state of the electricity leakage alarm under the state that hull ground connection that the first embodiment of the present invention is related and electrical grounding connect.
Its formation comprises: electrical generator 1a, send the three-phase alternating voltage as employed whole voltage source in boats and ships; Switch board 2a, the three-phase alternating voltage that input is exported from above-mentioned electrical generator is also given each electrical equipment that needs voltage voltage distribution; Electrical equipment 3a, 4a, 5a, input is used by suitable three-phase alternating voltage that above-mentioned switch board 2 applied and after rectification is for the direct supply that needs.Wherein, above-mentioned electrical equipment 3a, 4a, 5a are the aerogram machine that sends signal, the sound navigation ranging and the radar of detecting fish school.Label 6a represents the ground connection of hull, and label 8a is illustrated in the leakage current that hull ground connection 6a is flow through the time in electric leakage, and label 7a is illustrated in the electro spark that the electric leakage nidus produces, and label 9a represents the electric wire that coated.
Between the neutral 11a that always keeps 0 current potential with comparing and hull ground connection 6a, be connected electricity leakage alarm 12a from the output potential that above-mentioned electrical generator 1a exported.The detailed inside of above-mentioned electricity leakage alarm 12a constitutes so following:
Above-mentioned electricity leakage alarm 12a be bound up on the terminal 14a that links to each other with hull ground connection 6a and with terminal 15a that the neutral 11a of electrical generator 1a links to each other between.Above-mentioned two terminal 14a, 15a are connected by electric wire, connect relay 16a in the middle of it.And, at a side of above-mentioned relay be connected in series warning light 17a and loud speaker 18a, connect battery feed 19a at the opposite side of above-mentioned relay.
That is, when making electric current flow through relay 16a when between above-mentioned two terminal 14a, 15a, difference of potential taking place, above-mentioned relay 16a action, then battery feed 19 is given warning light 17a and loud speaker 18a power supply.
The following describes the action and the effect of the related electricity leakage alarm for ship of the first embodiment of the present invention of said structure.
Be distributed into the voltage of suitable size and offer each electrical equipment 3a, 4a, 5a by switch board 2a by three-phase alternating-current supply R, S, T that electrical generator 1a sent.Like this, be that driving voltage makes electrical equipment work with the alternating-current voltage/AC voltage that offers each electrical equipment 3a, 4a, 5a.
On the other hand, when among the electrical equipment 5a arbitrarily electric leakage taking place, the shell 13a of the electrical equipment 5a that leakage current 8a will take place by electric leakage is transmitted on the hull ground connection 6a.Under this state, will be bound up on the terminal 14a of the electricity leakage alarm 12a on the hull ground connection 6a by a point of connection, apply electric current with the identical size of electric current that flows through above-mentioned hull ground connection 6a.
That is, by above-mentioned leakage current 8a, and at the terminal 14a of electricity leakage alarm 12a and be bound up between the terminal 15a of the electricity leakage alarm 12a on the neutral 11a of electrical generator 1a difference of potential takes place.
When producing difference of potential between above-mentioned two terminal 14a, 15a, electric current flows to terminal 15a from above-mentioned terminal 14a, when this electric current becomes enough big in the above-mentioned relay 16a process of driving, and above-mentioned relay 16a action.That is, when the electric current of the size that can drive above-mentioned relay 16a is applied on the above-mentioned relay and when driving above-mentioned relay 16a, battery feed 19a gives warning light 17a and loud speaker 18a power supply, above-mentioned warning light is lighted, and loud speaker sounds the alarm.
By above-mentioned such, the electricity leakage alarm for ship that embodiments of the invention are related makes the neutral of electrical generator have 0 current potential always.Like this, electricity leakage alarm 12a is installed between the neutral 11a and hull ground connection 6a of above-mentioned electrical generator 1a.
When electric leakage takes place in the project equipment at boats and ships, produce difference of potential by flowing through between neutral that above-mentioned hull connected to chassis leakage current makes electrical generator and hull ground connection, and electricity leakage alarm is moved.And, as the action of above-mentioned electricity leakage alarm, can be that alarm song pipes, warning light is lighted.
Below to just the neutral and the hull connected to chassis annexation of the electrical generator of the fishing boat in operation describe.
Just the most fishing boat in operation can not make the neutral of electrical generator be connected with hull ground connection, and is the situation that the earth terminal that is contained in the electrical equipment in the fishing boat is connected with hull ground connection mostly.In the case, because earth terminal and the hull ground connection of electrical equipment be same terminal on electric, then the hull ground connection and the neutral of electrical generator are carried out the bonded assembly situation and be looked at as to have and equip ground connection identical connection state when being connected with the neutral of electrical generator with handle.
But, when the earth terminal of electrical equipment is not connected with hull ground connection, the neutral of electrical generator and the earth terminal of electrical equipment is carried out the bonded assembly state have and the neutral of electrical generator and hull ground connection are carried out the different electrical coupling state of bonded assembly state.
Like this, the first embodiment of the present invention is used to illustrate the action that is in hull ground connection and the electricity leakage alarm in equipment ground connection status of electrically connecting following time.
Below, different with above-mentioned first embodiment, the electricity leakage alarm the when earth terminal of electrical equipment is not electrically connected with hull ground connection describes.
Fig. 3 represents the state that connects electricity leakage alarm on the earth terminal of electrical equipment that the second embodiment of the present invention is related.
Its formation comprises: electrical generator 1b, send the three-phase alternating voltage as employed whole voltage source in boats and ships; Switch board 2b, the three-phase alternating voltage that input is exported from above-mentioned electrical generator is also given each electrical equipment that needs voltage voltage distribution; Electrical equipment 3b, 4b, 5b, input is used by suitable three-phase alternating voltage that above-mentioned switch board 2 applied and after rectification is for the direct supply that needs.Wherein, above-mentioned electrical equipment 3b, 4b, 5b aerogram machine, many sound navigation ranging and the radars in detection fish there for sending signal.Label 6b represents the ground connection of hull, and label 8b is illustrated in when electric leakage shell 13b by electrical equipment and flows to leakage current among the hull ground connection 6b, and label 7b is illustrated in the electro spark that the electric leakage nidus produces, and label 9b represents the electric wire that coated.
Be connected electricity leakage alarm 12b with grounding jumper 20b on the shell 13b that is bound up on electrical equipment 3b, 4b, 5b keeping the neutral 11b of 0 current potential with comparing always from the output potential that above-mentioned electrical generator 1b exported.
The detailed inside of above-mentioned electricity leakage alarm 12b constitutes so following: above-mentioned electricity leakage alarm 12b be bound up on the terminal 14b that links to each other with the grounding jumper 20b of electrical equipment 3b, 4b, 5b and with terminal 15b that the neutral 11b of electrical generator 1b links to each other between.Above-mentioned two terminal 14b, 15b are connected by electric wire, connect relay 16b in the middle of it.And, at a side of above-mentioned relay be connected in series warning light 17b and loud speaker 18b, connect battery feed 19b at the opposite side of above-mentioned relay.
That is, when making electric current flow through relay 16b when between above-mentioned two terminal 14b, 15b, difference of potential taking place, above-mentioned relay 16b action, then battery feed 19 is given warning light 17b and loud speaker 18b power supply.
The following describes the action and the effect of the related electricity leakage alarm for ship of the second embodiment of the present invention of said structure.
Be distributed into the voltage of suitable size and offer each electrical equipment 3b, 4b, 5b by switch board 2b by three-phase alternating-current supply R, S, T that electrical generator 1b sent.Like this, be that driving voltage makes electrical equipment work with the alternating-current voltage/AC voltage that offers each electrical equipment 3b, 4b, 5b.
On the other hand, when among the electrical equipment 5b arbitrarily electric leakage taking place, the shell 13b of the electrical equipment 5b that leakage current 8b will take place by electric leakage is transmitted on the hull ground connection 6b.Under this state, will on the terminal 14b of the electricity leakage alarm 12b on the grounding jumper 20b that is bound up on equipment by a point of connection, apply leakage current 8b.
By the leakage current 8b that applied this moment, and difference of potential is taking place by relay 16b between by two terminal 14b, 15b that electric wire connect.
When producing difference of potential between above-mentioned two terminal 14b, 15b, electric current flows to terminal 15b from above-mentioned terminal 14b, when this electric current becomes enough big in the above-mentioned relay 16b process of driving, and above-mentioned relay 16b action.That is, when the electric current of the size that can drive above-mentioned relay 16b is applied on the above-mentioned relay and when driving above-mentioned relay 16b, battery feed 19b gives warning light 17b and loud speaker 18b power supply, above-mentioned warning light is lighted, and loud speaker sounds the alarm.
By above-mentioned such, the electricity leakage alarm for ship that the second embodiment of the present invention is related is not taking place under the normal condition of electric leakage, and the shell that makes electrical equipment is 0 current potential always, when electric leakage took place, the electric current that flows through the shell of above-mentioned electrical equipment flow through the earth terminal of electrical equipment.That is, electricity leakage alarm 12b is installed between the grounding jumper 20b of the neutral 11b of above-mentioned electrical generator 1b and electrical equipment.
When electric leakage takes place in the project equipment at boats and ships, produce difference of potential between the neutral that the leakage current of the grounding jumper by flowing through above-mentioned electrical equipment makes electrical generator and the grounding jumper of electrical equipment, and electricity leakage alarm is moved.And, as the action of above-mentioned electricity leakage alarm, can be that alarm song pipes, warning light is lighted.
Fig. 4 is the pie graph of the related electricity leakage alarm 12b of the expression third embodiment of the present invention.
It constitutes with Fig. 3 roughly the same, and still, electricity leakage alarm 12b is bound up between the neutral 11b of the shell 13b of electrical equipment and neutral 11b.
And above-mentioned electricity leakage alarm 12b when electric leakage takes place, detects the electric current of the shell 13b that flows through above-mentioned electrical equipment, and represents the alarm of leaking electricity with loud speaker 18b and warning light 17b etc.
As described above, the related electricity leakage alarm for ship of embodiments of the invention pipes with alarm song when electric leakage takes place and lights warning light.Like this, after electric leakage took place, someone of the philtrum by ship of boats and ships learnt the generation of electric leakage, and fire or the damage of electrical equipment and the fish gathering of fishing boat reduce on the ship that prevents to cause because of electric leakage, therefore, the advantage that can access safe operation and high fishing output are just arranged.
Claims (8)
1. an electricity leakage alarm for ship is characterized in that, comprising:
Electrical generator is bound up on hull ground connection to neutral and goes up and send electric power;
A plurality of electrical equipments, the electric power that is sent by above-mentioned electrical generator is driven, and earth terminal is bound up on the hull ground connection;
Electricity leakage alarm is bound up between the neutral and hull ground connection of above-mentioned electrical generator, when on above-mentioned electrical equipment electric leakage taking place, detects and flows through hull connected to chassis electric signal, and show that electric leakage takes place.
2. electricity leakage alarm for ship according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the neutral of above-mentioned electrical generator and the earth terminal of a plurality of electrical equipments and hull ground connection are connected to one.
3. electricity leakage alarm for ship according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is electric current by the detected electric signal of above-mentioned electricity leakage alarm.
4. electricity leakage alarm for ship according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is voltage by the detected electric signal of above-mentioned electricity leakage alarm.
5. electricity leakage alarm for ship according to claim 1 is characterized in that, shows it is alarm song is piped and to light warning light as the electric leakage of above-mentioned electricity leakage alarm.
6. an electricity leakage alarm for ship is characterized in that, comprising:
Electrical generator sends electric power;
A plurality of electrical equipments, the electric power that is sent by above-mentioned electrical generator is driven, and earth terminal is bound up on the neutral of above-mentioned electrical generator;
Electricity leakage alarm is bound up between the earth terminal of the neutral of above-mentioned electrical generator and above-mentioned a plurality of electrical equipments, when on above-mentioned electrical equipment electric leakage taking place, detects the electric signal that flows through earth terminal, and shows that electric leakage takes place.
7. electricity leakage alarm for ship according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the earth terminal of above-mentioned a plurality of electrical equipments is by on the neutral that is bound up on electrical generator, and separates with hull ground connection.
8. an electricity leakage alarm for ship is characterized in that, comprising:
Electrical generator sends electric power;
A plurality of electrical equipments, the electric power that is sent by above-mentioned electrical generator is driven;
Electricity leakage alarm is bound up between the neutral and above-mentioned a plurality of electrical equipment shell of above-mentioned electrical generator, when on above-mentioned electrical equipment electric leakage taking place, detects the electric signal that flows through shell, and shows that electric leakage takes place.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019960050596A KR100187752B1 (en) | 1996-10-31 | 1996-10-31 | Leakage alarm device of a ship |
| KR50596/96 | 1996-10-31 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1181335A true CN1181335A (en) | 1998-05-13 |
Family
ID=19480026
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97116306A Pending CN1181335A (en) | 1996-10-31 | 1997-08-06 | Electricity leakage alarm for ship |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2878665B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100187752B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1181335A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106877016A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-06-20 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Ship earthed system |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7295016B2 (en) | 2004-06-18 | 2007-11-13 | Kokusan Denki Co., Ltd. | Electric leakage detection system |
| KR100773769B1 (en) * | 2006-05-03 | 2007-11-08 | 진종화 | A power supply with an electric leakage early alarm |
| JP5976226B1 (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2016-08-23 | 日本郵船株式会社 | Information output device, information output method, program, and recording medium |
| CN109936126A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-25 | 广州船舶及海洋工程设计研究院 | Ship shore electric connecting or disconnecting circuit and disconnecting switch case |
-
1996
- 1996-10-31 KR KR1019960050596A patent/KR100187752B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-06-20 JP JP9164046A patent/JP2878665B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-06 CN CN97116306A patent/CN1181335A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106877016A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-06-20 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Ship earthed system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH10142282A (en) | 1998-05-29 |
| KR19980031066A (en) | 1998-07-25 |
| KR100187752B1 (en) | 1999-06-01 |
| JP2878665B2 (en) | 1999-04-05 |
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