CN118128889A - Electric drive motor unit - Google Patents
Electric drive motor unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN118128889A CN118128889A CN202410169792.9A CN202410169792A CN118128889A CN 118128889 A CN118128889 A CN 118128889A CN 202410169792 A CN202410169792 A CN 202410169792A CN 118128889 A CN118128889 A CN 118128889A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/037—Gearboxes for accommodating differential gearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/0434—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating relating to lubrication supply, e.g. pumps; Pressure control
- F16H57/0436—Pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/0467—Elements of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
- F16H57/0476—Electric machines and gearing, i.e. joint lubrication or cooling or heating thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
- H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及电动汽车技术领域,尤其涉及一种电驱动马达单元。The present invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, and in particular to an electric drive motor unit.
背景技术Background technique
应用于电动汽车的马达单元,主要由电机和减速箱两部分组成,电机和减速箱共用润滑冷却液(以下简称润滑液)。电机的定子和转子采用减速箱的润滑液直接冷却,可以显著提升冷却效率,降低电机运行温度,该项技术在近年得到广泛应用。The motor unit used in electric vehicles is mainly composed of two parts: the motor and the reduction gearbox. The motor and the reduction gearbox share a lubricating coolant (hereinafter referred to as lubricant). The stator and rotor of the motor are directly cooled by the lubricant of the reduction gearbox, which can significantly improve the cooling efficiency and reduce the operating temperature of the motor. This technology has been widely used in recent years.
应用于电动汽车的马达单元应具有较小的外形尺寸,在动力传递过程中,应具有尽可能小的能量损失。马达单元的能量损失,很大部分来自减速箱齿轮旋转时对润滑液的搅动。采用润滑液直接冷却定子和转子的电机,如果在运行时有大量润滑液进入转子和定子之间的气隙,也会因为转子对润滑液的剧烈搅动而造成较大的能量损失。The motor unit used in electric vehicles should have a small size and should have the smallest possible energy loss during power transmission. A large part of the energy loss of the motor unit comes from the agitation of the lubricant when the gearbox rotates. For motors that use lubricants to directly cool the stator and rotor, if a large amount of lubricant enters the air gap between the rotor and stator during operation, the rotor will also cause a large energy loss due to the violent agitation of the lubricant by the rotor.
公布号CN109563920A的发明专利申请公开了一种马达单元,其具有:马达,其具有以马达轴线为中心进行旋转的转子;减速装置,其与马达连接,具有以中间轴线为中心进行旋转的中间齿轮;差动装置,其与减速装置连接,具有以差动轴线为中心进行旋转的环形齿轮;壳体,其设置有收纳马达、差动装置的收纳空间;油,其积存于收纳空间的铅垂方向下侧的区域;以及油路,其从收纳空间的铅垂方向下侧的区域引导油并将油供给至马达,环形齿轮的至少一部分位于比积存于收纳空间的铅垂方向下侧的区域的油的液面靠下侧的位置,马达轴线、中间轴线以及差动轴线在水平方向上相互平行地延伸,中间轴线和差动轴线相对于马达轴线位于下侧,在沿马达轴线的轴向观察时,当将假想地连结马达轴线和中间轴线的线段作为第1线段、将假想地连结中间轴线和差动轴线的线段作为第2线段、将假想地连结马达轴线和差动轴线的线段作为第3线段时,第1线段沿着大致铅垂方向延伸,第2线段沿着大致水平方向延伸。该马达单元的特点是减速箱(减速装置)的输入轴和电机(马达)的转子轴在同一直线上并位于差速器轴(差动轴线)和中间轴(中间轴线)连线的上方。这样布置的好处是马达单元内的润滑液液面低于电机的定子和转子间气隙的最低位置,避免了润滑液进入电机定子和转子间的气隙。但这样的布置方案,使中间轴的位置位于减速箱偏下方的位置,使中间轴上的大齿轮浸入润滑液内的深度较深。因为中间轴的转速较高,所以中间轴对润滑液的搅动会造成较大的能量损失。虽然该马达单元在减速箱的上方设置了储液区,部分润滑液被齿轮搅起后进入该储液区,降低了减速箱内润滑液液面的高度,但这种方法润滑液液面高度降低有限,不能彻底消除中间轴齿轮搅油带来的能量损失。同时,因电机轴线位置远高于差速器轴线位置,使马达单元在竖直方向的尺寸较大,不利于马达单元在车辆上的布置。The invention patent application with publication number CN109563920A discloses a motor unit, which comprises: a motor having a rotor rotating around the motor axis; a reduction gear connected to the motor and having an intermediate gear rotating around the intermediate axis; a differential device connected to the reduction gear and having a ring gear rotating around the differential axis; a housing having a storage space for storing the motor and the differential device; oil accumulated in an area below the storage space in the vertical direction; and an oil passage, which guides the oil from the area below the storage space in the vertical direction and supplies the oil to the motor, and the ring gear to the A small portion is located below the level of the oil accumulated in the area below the vertical direction of the storage space, the motor axis, the intermediate axis and the differential axis extend in parallel with each other in the horizontal direction, the intermediate axis and the differential axis are located below the motor axis, and when viewed along the axial direction of the motor axis, when the line segment connecting the motor axis and the intermediate axis is assumed to be the first line segment, the line segment connecting the intermediate axis and the differential axis is assumed to be the second line segment, and the line segment connecting the motor axis and the differential axis is assumed to be the third line segment, the first line segment extends in a substantially vertical direction, and the second line segment extends in a substantially horizontal direction. The motor unit is characterized in that the input shaft of the reduction gear (reduction gear) and the rotor shaft of the motor (motor) are on the same straight line and are located above the line connecting the differential shaft (differential axis) and the intermediate shaft (intermediate axis). The advantage of this arrangement is that the lubricating liquid level in the motor unit is lower than the lowest position of the air gap between the stator and the rotor of the motor, thereby preventing the lubricating liquid from entering the air gap between the stator and the rotor of the motor. However, this arrangement causes the intermediate shaft to be located slightly below the reduction gearbox, so that the large gear on the intermediate shaft is immersed deeper in the lubricating fluid. Since the intermediate shaft rotates at a high speed, the stirring of the lubricating fluid by the intermediate shaft will cause a large energy loss. Although the motor unit is provided with a liquid storage area above the reduction gearbox, part of the lubricating fluid is stirred up by the gears and enters the liquid storage area, thereby reducing the height of the lubricating fluid in the reduction gearbox. However, this method can only reduce the height of the lubricating fluid to a limited extent and cannot completely eliminate the energy loss caused by the stirring of the oil by the intermediate shaft gears. At the same time, because the motor axis is located much higher than the differential axis, the motor unit is relatively large in the vertical direction, which is not conducive to the arrangement of the motor unit on the vehicle.
发明内容Summary of the invention
鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷,本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种电驱动马达单元,能够减小能量损失和利于马达单元在整车上的布置。In view of the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electric drive motor unit that can reduce energy loss and facilitate the arrangement of the motor unit on the entire vehicle.
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
本发明提供一种电驱动马达单元,包括:驱动电机,具有输出扭矩的电机轴;减速器,具有传递扭矩的中间轴,中间轴与电机轴之间通过齿轮传动连接;差速器,具有传递扭矩的差速器轴,差速器轴与中间轴之间通过齿轮传动连接;壳体,具有收纳驱动电机、减速器和差速器的收纳空间;电机轴、中间轴和差速器轴沿水平方向相互平行地延伸;电机轴与差速器轴的连线的延伸方向为水平方向或接近水平方向,中间轴位于电机轴与差速器轴的连线的上方,壳体的收纳空间位于电机轴和差速器轴下方的区域构成有用于积存润滑液的主储液区和单独储液区,单独储液区与主储液区通过隔条相互分隔并通过隔条上开设的开口相连通,单独储液区位于差速器的下方,主储液区内设有泵,泵通过润滑液管道将主储液区内的润滑液供给至驱动电机、减速器和单独储液区。The present invention provides an electric drive motor unit, comprising: a drive motor, having a motor shaft for outputting torque; a reducer, having an intermediate shaft for transmitting torque, the intermediate shaft and the motor shaft being connected by gear transmission; a differential, having a differential shaft for transmitting torque, the differential shaft and the intermediate shaft being connected by gear transmission; a housing, having a storage space for storing the drive motor, the reducer and the differential; the motor shaft, the intermediate shaft and the differential shaft extending in parallel with each other in a horizontal direction; the extending direction of the line connecting the motor shaft and the differential shaft is a horizontal direction or a direction close to a horizontal direction, the intermediate shaft is located above the line connecting the motor shaft and the differential shaft, the housing space of the housing is located below the motor shaft and the differential shaft and is constituted of a main liquid storage area and a separate liquid storage area for storing lubricating liquid, the separate liquid storage area and the main liquid storage area are separated from each other by a partition bar and are connected through an opening provided on the partition bar, the separate liquid storage area is located below the differential, a pump is provided in the main liquid storage area, and the pump supplies the lubricating liquid in the main liquid storage area to the drive motor, the reducer and the separate liquid storage area through a lubricating liquid pipeline.
优选地,差速器具有设于差速器轴上的差速器齿轮,隔条设于所差速器齿轮的下方。Preferably, the differential has a differential gear arranged on the differential shaft, and the spacer bar is arranged below the differential gear.
优选地,隔条的一端与壳体的底部相连接,且另一端向上延伸,隔条及位于所差速器齿轮下方的部分壳体共同与差速器齿轮之间形成单独储液区。Preferably, one end of the partition bar is connected to the bottom of the housing, and the other end extends upward, and the partition bar and a portion of the housing located below the differential gear together form a separate liquid storage area between the differential gear.
优选地,隔条为沿差速器齿轮的外周延伸的圆弧形。Preferably, the spacer bar is in the shape of an arc extending along the outer circumference of the differential gear.
优选地,泵设于主储液区的下部。Preferably, the pump is arranged at the lower part of the main liquid storage area.
与现有技术相比,本发明具有显著的进步:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has significant improvements:
本发明的电驱动马达单元,将电机轴与差速器轴的连线的延伸方向设为水平方向或接近水平方向,减少了马达单元在竖直方向上的尺寸,有利于马达单元在整车上的布置;中间轴位于电机轴与差速器轴的连线的上方,主储液区和单独储液区均位于电机轴和差速器轴的下方,避免了中间轴齿轮对润滑液的搅动,因此减小了马达单元的能量损失;在主储液区内设置泵,由泵向驱动电机和减速器的冷却润滑位置定向输送润滑液,大幅度降低了马达单元所需要的润滑液总量;差速器的两端轴承可通过差速器齿轮转动搅起单独储液区内的润滑液的搅油方式进行润滑,能够简化马达单元壳体内润滑液流道的设计。The electric drive motor unit of the present invention sets the extension direction of the line connecting the motor shaft and the differential shaft to be horizontal or nearly horizontal, thereby reducing the size of the motor unit in the vertical direction and facilitating the arrangement of the motor unit on the vehicle; the intermediate shaft is located above the line connecting the motor shaft and the differential shaft, and the main liquid storage area and the separate liquid storage area are both located below the motor shaft and the differential shaft, thereby avoiding the stirring of the lubricating fluid by the intermediate shaft gear, thereby reducing the energy loss of the motor unit; a pump is arranged in the main liquid storage area, and the pump directionally delivers the lubricating fluid to the cooling and lubrication positions of the drive motor and the reducer, thereby greatly reducing the total amount of lubricating fluid required by the motor unit; the bearings at both ends of the differential can be lubricated by the oil stirring method in which the differential gear rotates to stir up the lubricating fluid in the separate liquid storage area, thereby simplifying the design of the lubricating fluid flow channel in the motor unit housing.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是本发明实施例的电驱动马达单元的水平布置示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal arrangement of an electric drive motor unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2是本发明实施例的电驱动马达单元水平布置下的润滑液液面示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the lubricating liquid level when the electric drive motor unit is arranged horizontally according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图3是本发明实施例的电驱动马达单元在电机轴轴线低于差速器轴轴线时的润滑液液面示意图。3 is a schematic diagram of the lubricating fluid level of the electric drive motor unit when the motor shaft axis is lower than the differential shaft axis of the electric drive motor unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
图4是本发明实施例的电驱动马达单元在电机轴轴线高于差速器轴轴线时的润滑液液面示意图。4 is a schematic diagram of the lubricating fluid level of the electric drive motor unit when the motor shaft axis is higher than the differential shaft axis of the electric drive motor unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
其中,附图标记说明如下:The reference numerals are described as follows:
1 驱动电机1. Drive motor
10 电机轴10 Motor shaft
2 减速器2 Reducer
20 中间轴20 Intermediate shaft
3 差速器3 Differential
30 差速器轴30 Differential shaft
31 差速器齿轮31 Differential gear
4 壳体4 Housing
40 收纳空间40 Storage Space
5 主储液区5 Main liquid storage area
6 单独储液区6 Separate liquid storage area
7 隔条7 Spacers
8 开口8 Opening
9 泵9 Pumps
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。这些实施方式仅用于说明本发明,而并非对本发明的限制。The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
此外,在本发明的描述中,除非另有说明,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, “plurality” means two or more.
如图1至图4所示,本发明的电驱动马达单元的一种实施例。As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 , an embodiment of the electric drive motor unit of the present invention is shown.
参见图1和图2,本实施例的电驱动马达单元包括驱动电机1、减速器2、差速器3和壳体4。1 and 2 , the electric drive motor unit of this embodiment includes a drive motor 1 , a reducer 2 , a differential 3 and a housing 4 .
其中,驱动电机1具有输出扭矩的电机轴10,驱动电机1还具有与电机轴10固连的电机转子和位于电机转子外周侧的电机定子,驱动电机1工作时由电机转子相对电机定子转动带动电机轴10转动,输出旋转扭矩。Among them, the drive motor 1 has a motor shaft 10 for outputting torque. The drive motor 1 also has a motor rotor fixedly connected to the motor shaft 10 and a motor stator located on the outer peripheral side of the motor rotor. When the drive motor 1 is working, the motor rotor rotates relative to the motor stator to drive the motor shaft 10 to rotate and output a rotational torque.
减速器2具有传递扭矩的中间轴20,中间轴20与电机轴10之间通过齿轮传动连接,具体为,减速器输入轴与电机轴10同轴固连,减速器输入轴上设有第一齿轮,第一齿轮与固设于中间轴20上的第二齿轮相啮合,构成减速器2的第一级齿轮传动。The reducer 2 has an intermediate shaft 20 for transmitting torque. The intermediate shaft 20 is connected to the motor shaft 10 through a gear transmission. Specifically, the reducer input shaft is coaxially fixed to the motor shaft 10, and a first gear is provided on the reducer input shaft. The first gear is meshed with a second gear fixed on the intermediate shaft 20, forming a first-stage gear transmission of the reducer 2.
差速器3具有传递扭矩的差速器轴30,差速器轴30与中间轴20之间通过齿轮传动连接,具体为,差速器3具有固设于差速器轴30上的差速器齿轮31,减速器2的中间轴20上还固设有第三齿轮,第三齿轮与差速器齿轮31相啮合,构成减速器2的第二级齿轮传动。由此,减速器2将驱动电机1的电机轴10输出的扭矩传递至差速器3,由差速器3的差速器轴30将该扭矩继续传递至车辆的车轮。The differential 3 has a differential shaft 30 for transmitting torque, and the differential shaft 30 is connected to the intermediate shaft 20 through gear transmission. Specifically, the differential 3 has a differential gear 31 fixed on the differential shaft 30, and a third gear is also fixed on the intermediate shaft 20 of the reducer 2. The third gear is meshed with the differential gear 31 to form the second-stage gear transmission of the reducer 2. Therefore, the reducer 2 transmits the torque output by the motor shaft 10 of the drive motor 1 to the differential 3, and the differential shaft 30 of the differential 3 further transmits the torque to the wheels of the vehicle.
壳体4具有收纳驱动电机1、减速器2和差速器3的收纳空间40,驱动电机1、减速器2和差速器3均收纳于壳体4的收纳空间40内,电机轴10、中间轴20和差速器轴30沿水平方向相互平行地延伸。The housing 4 has a storage space 40 for accommodating the drive motor 1, the reducer 2 and the differential 3. The drive motor 1, the reducer 2 and the differential 3 are all accommodated in the storage space 40 of the housing 4. The motor shaft 10, the intermediate shaft 20 and the differential shaft 30 extend parallel to each other in the horizontal direction.
本实施例的电驱动马达单元中,电机轴10与差速器轴30的连线的延伸方向为水平方向或接近水平方向,其中接近水平方向是指与水平方向具有较小的夹角,优选为相对于水平方向处于±10°以内的方向。中间轴20位于电机轴10与差速器轴30的连线的上方。In the electric drive motor unit of this embodiment, the extending direction of the line connecting the motor shaft 10 and the differential shaft 30 is horizontal or close to horizontal, wherein close to horizontal means having a small angle with the horizontal direction, preferably a direction within ±10° relative to the horizontal direction. The intermediate shaft 20 is located above the line connecting the motor shaft 10 and the differential shaft 30.
壳体4的收纳空间40位于电机轴10和差速器轴30下方的区域构成有主储液区5和单独储液区6,主储液区5和单独储液区6均用于积存润滑液,润滑液并不局限,例如可以为油液。单独储液区6与主储液区5通过隔条7相互分隔,隔条7上开设有一开口8,使得单独储液区6与主储液区5通过隔条7上开设的开口8相连通。The storage space 40 of the housing 4 is located below the motor shaft 10 and the differential shaft 30 and is composed of a main liquid storage area 5 and a separate liquid storage area 6. Both the main liquid storage area 5 and the separate liquid storage area 6 are used to store lubricating liquid, which is not limited to oil. The separate liquid storage area 6 is separated from the main liquid storage area 5 by a partition bar 7, and an opening 8 is provided on the partition bar 7, so that the separate liquid storage area 6 is connected to the main liquid storage area 5 through the opening 8 provided on the partition bar 7.
单独储液区6位于差速器3的下方,使得差速器3的差速器齿轮31下部能够浸入单独储液区6内积存的润滑液中。The separate liquid storage area 6 is located below the differential 3 , so that the lower portion of the differential gear 31 of the differential 3 can be immersed in the lubricating fluid stored in the separate liquid storage area 6 .
优选地,隔条7设于所差速器齿轮31的下方,进一步,隔条7的一端与壳体4的底部相连接,隔条7的另一端向上延伸,隔条7及位于所差速器齿轮31下方的部分壳体4共同与差速器齿轮31之间形成单独储液区6,由此在差速器3的下方形成与主储液区5相分隔的单独储液区6,且保证差速器齿轮31下部能够浸入单独储液区6内积存的润滑液中。Preferably, the partition bar 7 is arranged below the differential gear 31. Furthermore, one end of the partition bar 7 is connected to the bottom of the shell 4, and the other end of the partition bar 7 extends upward. The partition bar 7 and the part of the shell 4 located below the differential gear 31 together form a separate liquid storage area 6 between the differential gear 31, thereby forming a separate liquid storage area 6 separated from the main liquid storage area 5 below the differential 3, and ensuring that the lower part of the differential gear 31 can be immersed in the lubricating fluid stored in the separate liquid storage area 6.
较佳地,隔条7为沿差速器齿轮31的外周延伸的圆弧形,隔条7在差速器齿轮31的外周围呈圆弧形延伸,可形成包围差速器齿轮31的单独储液区6,进一步保证差速器齿轮31下部浸入单独储液区6内积存的润滑液中。Preferably, the partition bar 7 is in the shape of an arc extending along the outer periphery of the differential gear 31. The partition bar 7 extends in the shape of an arc around the outer periphery of the differential gear 31 to form a separate liquid storage area 6 surrounding the differential gear 31, further ensuring that the lower part of the differential gear 31 is immersed in the lubricating fluid stored in the separate liquid storage area 6.
主储液区5内设有泵9,优选地,泵9设于主储液区5的下部。泵9通过润滑液管道将主储液区5内积存的润滑液供给至驱动电机1、减速器2和单独储液区6。A pump 9 is provided in the main liquid storage area 5, preferably, the pump 9 is provided at the lower part of the main liquid storage area 5. The pump 9 supplies the lubricating liquid accumulated in the main liquid storage area 5 to the drive motor 1, the reducer 2 and the separate liquid storage area 6 through the lubricating liquid pipeline.
本实施例的电驱动马达单元,由泵9吸取主储液区5内积存的润滑液,通过布置在壳体4内的润滑液管道,将润滑液输送至驱动电机1的电机定子、电机转子、减速器2的输入轴两端轴承、中间轴20两端轴承、第一级齿轮啮合区(第一齿轮与第二齿轮啮合区)、第二级齿轮啮合区(第三齿轮与差速器齿轮31啮合区)以及单独储液区6,润滑液在经过上述冷却润滑区后,由重力作用自然回流至主储液区5及单独储液区6。差速器轴30两端轴承则由差速器齿轮31转动搅起单独储液区6内的润滑液进行润滑,被搅起的润滑液在经过差速器轴30两端轴承后,通过重力作用自然回流至主储液区5及单独储液区6。In the electric drive motor unit of this embodiment, the pump 9 sucks the lubricating liquid accumulated in the main liquid storage area 5, and delivers the lubricating liquid to the motor stator and motor rotor of the drive motor 1, the bearings at both ends of the input shaft of the reducer 2, the bearings at both ends of the intermediate shaft 20, the first-stage gear meshing area (the meshing area between the first gear and the second gear), the second-stage gear meshing area (the meshing area between the third gear and the differential gear 31), and the separate liquid storage area 6 through the lubricating liquid pipeline arranged in the housing 4. After passing through the above-mentioned cooling and lubricating areas, the lubricating liquid naturally flows back to the main liquid storage area 5 and the separate liquid storage area 6 by gravity. The bearings at both ends of the differential shaft 30 are lubricated by the lubricating liquid in the separate liquid storage area 6 stirred up by the rotation of the differential gear 31. After passing through the bearings at both ends of the differential shaft 30, the stirred up lubricating liquid naturally flows back to the main liquid storage area 5 and the separate liquid storage area 6 by gravity.
参见图2,本实施例的电驱动马达单元在水平布置状态下,主储液区5内的润滑液液面与单独储液区6内的润滑液液面由于隔条7上开口8的连通作用而相平齐,均位于润滑液液面a上。2 , when the electric drive motor unit of this embodiment is arranged horizontally, the lubricating liquid level in the main liquid storage area 5 and the lubricating liquid level in the separate liquid storage area 6 are flush with each other due to the connection effect of the opening 8 on the partition bar 7, and both are located on the lubricating liquid level a.
当车辆位于坡道上时,电机轴10与差速器轴30的连线将产生倾斜。When the vehicle is on a slope, the connection line between the motor shaft 10 and the differential shaft 30 will be inclined.
参见图3,当电机轴10的轴线低于差速器轴30的轴线时,主储液区5内的润滑液被泵9吸取后,剩余的润滑液液面b低于电机定子和电机转子之间气隙的最低高度。同时,因隔条7的作用,单独储液区6内的润滑液液面c高于主储液区5内的润滑液液面b,此时,差速器齿轮31仍然可以搅起足够的润滑液对差速器轴30两端轴承进行润滑。Referring to FIG. 3 , when the axis of the motor shaft 10 is lower than the axis of the differential shaft 30, after the lubricating liquid in the main liquid storage area 5 is sucked by the pump 9, the remaining lubricating liquid level b is lower than the lowest height of the air gap between the motor stator and the motor rotor. At the same time, due to the effect of the spacer 7, the lubricating liquid level c in the separate liquid storage area 6 is higher than the lubricating liquid level b in the main liquid storage area 5. At this time, the differential gear 31 can still stir up enough lubricating liquid to lubricate the bearings at both ends of the differential shaft 30.
参见图4,当电机轴10的轴线高于差速器轴30的轴线时,因重力的作用,主储液区5内的润滑液被泵9吸取后,剩余的润滑液液面d亦能低于电机定子和电机转子之间气隙的最低高度,并且相较电机轴10的轴线低于差速器轴30的轴线时的状态更低,此时主储液区5内的润滑液液面d应高于泵9的吸液口的高度,以保证泵9能够持续可靠地吸取主储液区5内的润滑液,避免因空吸造成的噪声。同时,单独储液区6内的润滑液可以通过隔条7上开口8流入主储液区5,避免主储液区5内的润滑液液面过低造成泵9空吸。在这种状态下,单独储液区6内的润滑液液面e较高,但由于差速器齿轮31的转速远远低于中间轴20,所以因润滑液液面角度造成的搅油能量损耗并不明显。Referring to FIG. 4 , when the axis of the motor shaft 10 is higher than the axis of the differential shaft 30 , due to the effect of gravity, after the lubricating liquid in the main liquid storage area 5 is sucked by the pump 9 , the remaining lubricating liquid level d can also be lower than the lowest height of the air gap between the motor stator and the motor rotor, and is lower than the state when the axis of the motor shaft 10 is lower than the axis of the differential shaft 30 . At this time, the lubricating liquid level d in the main liquid storage area 5 should be higher than the height of the suction port of the pump 9 to ensure that the pump 9 can continuously and reliably suck the lubricating liquid in the main liquid storage area 5 and avoid noise caused by empty suction. At the same time, the lubricating liquid in the separate liquid storage area 6 can flow into the main liquid storage area 5 through the opening 8 on the partition bar 7 to avoid the lubricating liquid level in the main liquid storage area 5 being too low to cause empty suction of the pump 9 . In this state, the lubricating liquid level e in the separate liquid storage area 6 is relatively high, but because the rotation speed of the differential gear 31 is much lower than the intermediate shaft 20 , the energy loss of stirring oil caused by the angle of the lubricating liquid level is not obvious.
综上所述,本实施例的电驱动马达单元具有以下优点:In summary, the electric drive motor unit of this embodiment has the following advantages:
(1)电机轴10与差速器轴30的连线的延伸方向为水平方向或接近水平方向,减少了马达单元在竖直方向上的尺寸,有利于马达单元在整车上的布置。(1) The extension direction of the line connecting the motor shaft 10 and the differential shaft 30 is horizontal or close to horizontal, which reduces the size of the motor unit in the vertical direction and is beneficial to the arrangement of the motor unit on the vehicle.
(2)中间轴20位于电机轴10与差速器轴30的连线的上方,主储液区5和单独储液区6均位于电机轴10和差速器轴30的下方,避免了中间轴齿轮对润滑液的搅动,因此减小了马达单元的能量损失。(2) The intermediate shaft 20 is located above the line connecting the motor shaft 10 and the differential shaft 30, and the main liquid storage area 5 and the separate liquid storage area 6 are both located below the motor shaft 10 and the differential shaft 30, thereby avoiding the stirring of the lubricating fluid by the intermediate shaft gears, thereby reducing the energy loss of the motor unit.
(3)在主储液区5内设置泵9,由泵9向电机定子、电机转子、减速器的输入轴两端轴承、中间轴20两端轴承和两级齿轮啮合区等位置定向输送润滑液,大幅度降低了马达单元所需要的润滑液总量。(3) A pump 9 is provided in the main liquid storage area 5, and the pump 9 delivers lubricating liquid to the motor stator, the motor rotor, the bearings at both ends of the input shaft of the reducer, the bearings at both ends of the intermediate shaft 20, and the meshing area of the two-stage gears, thereby greatly reducing the total amount of lubricating liquid required by the motor unit.
(4)马达的单元在不同的倾斜方向和倾斜角度时,在工作状态下,主储液区5内的润滑液液面均低于电机定子和电机转子之间气隙的最低位置,避免了因电机转子搅动润滑液造成的能量损失。(4) When the motor unit is in different tilt directions and tilt angles, in the working state, the lubricating liquid level in the main liquid storage area 5 is lower than the lowest position of the air gap between the motor stator and the motor rotor, thereby avoiding energy loss caused by the motor rotor stirring the lubricating liquid.
(5)马达的单元在不同的倾斜方向和倾斜角度时下,单独储液区6内的润滑液液面始终能够满足差速器轴30两端轴承正常搅油润滑所需要的润滑液液面高度。(5) When the motor unit is tilted in different directions and at different angles, the lubricating liquid level in the separate liquid storage area 6 can always meet the lubricating liquid level required for normal oil stirring lubrication of the bearings at both ends of the differential shaft 30.
(6)差速器轴30两端轴承采用搅油方式润滑,能够简化马达单元壳体4内润滑液流道的设计。(6) The bearings at both ends of the differential shaft 30 are lubricated by stirring oil, which can simplify the design of the lubricating fluid flow path in the motor unit housing 4.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和替换,这些改进和替换也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.
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