CN1181052A - Non-mechanical valve mechanism - Google Patents
Non-mechanical valve mechanism Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1181052A CN1181052A CN96193096A CN96193096A CN1181052A CN 1181052 A CN1181052 A CN 1181052A CN 96193096 A CN96193096 A CN 96193096A CN 96193096 A CN96193096 A CN 96193096A CN 1181052 A CN1181052 A CN 1181052A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- aeration gas
- solid material
- flow
- leg
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/0015—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor
- B01J8/0025—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor by an ascending fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G53/00—Conveying materials in bulk through troughs, pipes or tubes by floating the materials or by flow of gas, liquid or foam
- B65G53/04—Conveying materials in bulk pneumatically through pipes or tubes; Air slides
- B65G53/16—Gas pressure systems operating with fluidisation of the materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/0015—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor
- B01J8/003—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor in a downward flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Aeration Devices For Treatment Of Activated Polluted Sludge (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
A non-mechanical valve (3) for controlling the flow of fluidisable solids is disclosed. The valve (3) comprises a pipe having an upstream leg (5) with a solids inlet (13) at an upper end, a downstream leg (7) with a solids outlet (14) at an upper end, and a base section (9) interconnecting lower ends of the legs (5, 7). The valve (3) further comprises a means for introducing aeration gas into each of the legs (5, 7) to maintain fluidised flow of solids through the valve (3) and a means for adjusting the flow of aeration gas to the legs (5, 7) to control the solids flow through the valve (3).
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of non-mechanical valve mechanism that is applicable to fine particle shape solid material.
The control solid material to the flow of fluidized bed processor feeding and discharging for the successful operation of this device very necessary condition normally.Can not realize to cause this device to work to the control of solid flow.Therefore, develop a kind of failure-free solid material disposal system strong support will be provided for the development of fluidized bed processor.Same system also can be applicable to the device (as rotary drier) of the treatment of fluidizable material of other patterns, even solid material is in processed fashion fluidisation not.
The difficulty that occurs when usually, handling solid material is to be subjected to Temperature Influence.If the solid feeding of a treating process is carried out under ambient temperature (or approaching ambient temperature), so traditional solid material processing method just can be used and be unlikely and emit what risk.For low temperature (being lower than 750 ℃) fluidized bed processing, need only fluid bed material adhesion within reason, no chemical corrosivity and do not deal with difficulty can take place, unlikely obstruction valve mechanism, machinery valve can be used for controlling the discharge of solid material.
Be higher than in temperature under 750 ℃ the situation, can not use machinery valve that solid material is discharged from fluidized bed processor.In this range of temperatures, generally be unsuitable for using the mechanical type valve, although this class valve has multiple technical application and use the result satisfactory in some cases.Usually, the mechanical type valve that is used for red-hot solid material all needs to develop again for each concrete application, thereby not only time-consuming but also expensive.Another unfavorable factor is the upkeep cost costliness.The result who analyzes thinks, to substitute the mechanical type valve may be a kind of more desirable selection if can obtain a kind of simple non-mechanical valve.
The non-mechanical valve that is used for fluid bed is entitled as the paper of " feeding and the recirculator that are used for the on-mechanical formula solid material of recirculating fluidized bed " and once did comment at one piece, this article be published in 14 to 18 March in 1988 the 31st page of second recirculating fluidized bed international conference collection of thesis that French bank intracutaneous (compiegne) is held to 41 pages in, the author is T.M.Knowlton.The L-valve is being discussed, and when J-valve and V-valve, T.M.Knowlton reaches a conclusion, non-currentization of (controlling solid flow) requirement solid material and obstruction bed (a packed bed) by " valve " mode operation the time.For example, in the L-valve, an obstruction bed forms in the horizontal section, and aeration gas then is introduced in the short range above elbow.Gas passes the obstruction bed and causes solid material to move to uninstall direction, and the discharging speed of solid material is very sensitive for have how much gas to flow through by this way stopping up bed.The flow of regulating aeration gas just can change the discharging speed of solid material.
When solid material was coarse particle (as if sand) and no adhesive, the non-mechanical valve work of this pattern was good.Yet any adhesive will cause forming immovable solid obstruction together in stopping up bed, so valve will lose effect.Otherwise, if the particle of solid material too trickle (as if fluidisation Cracking catalyst), they can not very fast non-currentization so that form where necessary and stop up bed, consequently the solid velocity by valve will be very high and uncontrollable.At this moment valve can close it by the air-flow that turns off the blast, but in a single day resets when air blast, and solid velocity can return to fast state again, consequently lost the control to flow velocity, and valve only plays the effect of " on-off " switching device.If the ventilation number of solid is high (under imperceptible Powdered situation) enough, then flowing of material will can not stop when aeration gas is closed.
T.M.Knowlton claims ring seal and sealable tank to be " automatically " device, and this device does not possess the solid flow controllable function.Most of modern recirculating fluidized beds (CFB) system adopts ring seal so that solid material is turned back to lifter from swirler.Solid material is during near the inlet of ring seal, and so that speed is by ring seal arbitrarily, the control of overall solid material cycle speed is realized by other devices.In this case, ring seal only moves as a pressure equaliser, and it accepts solid material from the undercurrent of a recirculating fluidized bed (CFB) swirler under certain pressure, and solid material is transported to the bottom of lifter with higher pressure.In this case, have only the feeding of solid material to be " not being full of ", that is to say the restriction that is subjected to external constraint rather than be subjected to the restriction of ring seal self internal flow resistance, at this moment its could normal operation.In the solid material feeding of a kind of " being full of " is used, ring seal will produce a kind of two-forty discharging of uncontrollable solid material.
At present also do not have suitable on-mechanical formula solid flow by-pass valve control to be used for imperceptible and red-hot dusty material, if this class material not fluidization fully whenever and wherever possible will amass heap caking.The valve of L series is not suitable for superfine micronized material yet, because it need stop up bed, and uncontrollable.Ring seal and Related product thereof are also failed to control by air blast and are regulated flow.
One object of the present invention will provide a kind of non-mechanical valve mechanism exactly, and it does not have above-mentioned shortcoming, and can be to imperceptible, and the solid material of band adhesive carries out the flow control of on-mechanical formula.
But comprise according to the non-mechanical valve that is used for the flow control of fluidization solid material provided by the present invention: a pipeline, at the one end import for the input solid material is arranged, the other end has an outlet for the output solid material, and this pipeline comprises two upright pipe legs and the bottom pipeline section that the lower end of two uprise legs is coupled together; One is used for the aeration gas guiding is entered each pipe leg flows through valve with the solid material that keeps fluidization device; Thereby the device of the solid material flow of valve is passed through in an aeration gas flow control that is used for regulating entering the pipe leg.
Here the implication of " pipeline " speech is interpreted as any type of conduit, and it has circular cross section or non-circular section, but can carry the solid material of fluidization.
Preferred aeration gas guiding device has an aeration gas import at least in each pipe leg.
Preferred aeration gas guiding device also comprises a device that aeration gas is transported to each aeration gas import.
Preferred aeration gas guiding device has an aeration gas import at least in the pipeline section of bottom.
Preferred aeration gas feedway should be suitable for aeration gas is transported to the import of bottom pipeline section.
The bottom pipeline section can be a level, bevelled or any other suitable geometric position.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of but the fluidization solid material being carried out flow control by means of non-mechanical valve mechanism, this valve mechanism comprises a pipeline, it has a solids inlet and a solid outlet, two upright pipe legs and the bottom pipeline section that two pipe leg lower ends are coupled together are arranged, and this method comprises: (1) keeps valve mechanism to be full of by solid material; (2) aeration gas is charged into each pipe leg, in valve, flow with a kind of fluidization state all the time to outlet from import to keep solid material; And (3) control charges into the aeration gas of respectively managing leg, thereby control is by the flow of the solid material of valve.
Step (3) preferably includes: manage the flow that leg increases or reduce the aeration gas that charges into a certain pipe leg with respect to another, control the flow by the solid material of valve.
The invention will be further described with way of example below with reference to accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the local section scheme drawing of a preferred embodiment of non-mechanical valve mechanism of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a diagram of curves, and the pressure that it is expressed in valve shown in Figure 1 changes; And
Fig. 3 is the local section scheme drawing of two non-mechanical valve machineries with differing heights of type as shown in Figure 1 of the present invention and the diagram of curves that pressure changes.
With reference to Fig. 1, the preferred embodiment of non-mechanical valve 3 comprises a pipeline that is generally U-shape, and it has two pipe legs 5 and 7, is connected by horizontal bottom pipeline section 9.Pipe leg 5 comprises a solid inlet 13, and pipe leg 7 comprises a solid outlet 14, and it is connected with a solid outlet chute 15.
Valve 3 also comprises:
(1) aeration gas import, mouth 1 and mouth 2 are used for guiding aeration gas to enter pipe leg 5;
(2) aeration gas import, mouth 3 and mouth 4 are used for guiding aeration gas to enter horizontal pipe 9; And
(3) aeration gas imports, mouth 5 is used for guiding aeration gas to enter pipe leg 7.
According to this principle, enter the solid of solid inlet 13 at the A point, carried when being passed down through pipe leg 5 and arriving the B points by the gas of introducing from blast inlet 1 and import 2 when them, keep the fluidization state always.The mode of fluidization make bubble/thing piece from the elbow (B point) to be upward through pipe leg 5 mobile towards A point, opposite with the flow path of solid.
Solid moves along horizontal pipeline section 9 from the B point, upwards moves to the C point then in pipe leg 7, and is kept fluidization once more from blast inlet 3,4 and 5 aeration gas of introducing.In pipe leg 7 (just the B point is to the C point), upwards flow in solid and bubble/thing piece interflow.Solid arrives valve export D point from a C through solid outlet chute 15 again.
With reference to Fig. 2, when solid flow downward pass pipe leg 5 from an A when putting B, the pressure that acts in the valve 3 on the solid increases.After this, pass pipe leg 7 and reduce when solid upwards flows from B pressure when putting C.Slope of a curve shown in Figure 2 is a function of supplying with the air blast tolerance of valve 3 by import 1 to 5, and it has determined the scope of the pressure variation of valve 3.
Can realize control by air blast tolerance of change supplying with each pipe leg 5 and 7 to solid flow.In each pipe leg, the degree of air blast has determined the size of void content.To cause the increase of unit time void content dull, that can expect along with the increase of air blast.Because the difference of pressure of whole fluid bed is the majorant of void content, therefore being used for promoting the propulsive effort of solid by valve 3 can come direct control by the control presssure difference.
Specifically, the flow that increases the aeration gas that enters pipe leg 7 will reduce to manage the pressure gradient in the leg 7, thereby increases the propulsive effort in the upstream tube leg 5, and the result increases by the flow of the solid of valve 3.In addition, the flow that increases the aeration gas that enters pipe leg 5 will reduce to manage the pressure gradient in the leg 5, thereby reduces the propulsive effort in the upstream tube leg 5, and the result reduces by the flow of the solid of valve 3.
In general the pressure that A point and D are ordered be inequality.If the A point is identical with the pressure that D is ordered, manage the length L of leg 5 so
1Length L with pipe leg 7
2With roughly the same.Suppose that pipe leg 5 is identical with 7 diameter, if the pressure that A is ordered is higher than D point, size L so
1Will grow (comparing with isobaric situation), its amount that grows is corresponding to the height of the fluid bed of the difference of pressure of needs generation.In addition, according to same hypothesis, if the pressure that A is ordered is lower than D point, size L so
2Will grow corresponding amount.
The control sensitivity of system and the height of valve 3 are proportional, and said here " highly " is defined as vertical distance, and in this section height, fluid bed is common for pipe leg 5 and 7.This situation can be represented the most clearly in Fig. 3.It expresses two pipe legs 5 but valve mechanism 3a and the 3bs of as depicted in figs. 1 and 2 type that diameter identical different with 7 height, and the pressure history figure on each valve 3a and the 3b length direction.Two diagram of curves are just compared and can find out at an easy rate, and the pressure range of each valve 3 is directly proportional with the height of valve 3.Because valve 3b has higher pipe leg 5 and 7 common elevation, therefore there is bigger pressure to change.
It is an important parameter that pressure changes, because it has shown the working pressure range of valve.Specifically, if the insufficient height of valve, the variation range of pressure that is used for the solid flow propulsive effort so is just less, and consequently range of control is poor.It is more satisfactory that the valve 3 of normally used type as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3 adopts the fluid bed greater than 1 meter height, then more desirable greater than 3 meters.
Valve 3 has good homeostasis characteristic, thereby makes the purpose that it is particularly suitable for controlling.If valve 3 is under the steady flow condition, when the fluctuation in an external world made that the solid velocity that enters valve 3 increases, the response that it is made was that the pressure rise of A-B section will reduce, and the pressure decay amount of corresponding B-C section then will increase.So promoting the clean propulsive effort of solid by valve 3 reduces solid velocity and just turns back to its state before destroyed.When the solid velocity that enters valve 3 reduced, this operational process was done opposite reaction.This homeostasis behavioral illustrations it good serviceability is arranged, thereby make valve 3 be suitable for very much automatic flow control.
In order to estimate valve 13, a kind of industrial circulating fluid bed system and valve 3 that is used for iron ore prereduction is fitted together.It is that 200 millimeters, length are that the pipe leg 5 that flows downward and an internal diameter of 6 meters is that 150 mm lengths are 6 meters upwards flow duct leg 7 that valve 3 has an internal diameter.The introducing of aeration gas as shown in Figure 1.The difference of pressure of crossing over valve 3 is 3-5 kPa, and the solids inlet 13 of valve 3 is under the high pressure.Regulate the speed of aeration gas, make that air-flow velocity is in the scope of 0.1 to 0.5 meter per second in each pipe leg 5 and 7.Particle mean size is that 50 microns iron ore successfully is used in the valve 3.
Under the situation of not violating essence spirit of the present invention and technical scope, can make multiple change to the preferred embodiment of the valve mechanism represented among the figure.
Claims (8)
1. but non-mechanical valve mechanism that is used to control fluidization solid material flow comprises:
Article (1) one, pipeline has an import for the input solid material at the one end, and the other end has an outlet for the output solid material, and this pipeline comprises two upright pipe legs and the bottom pipeline section that the lower end of two uprise legs is coupled together;
(2) one are used for that the aeration gas guiding is entered each pipe leg and flow through the device of valve to keep solid material flowization ground;
(3) thus aeration gas flow control that is used for regulating entering pipe leg device by the solid material flow of valve.
2. according to the described valve of claim 1, it is characterized in that described aeration gas guiding device has an aeration gas inlet at least in each pipe leg.
3. according to the described valve of claim 2, it is characterized in that described aeration gas guiding device comprises a device that aeration gas is transported to each aeration gas inlet.
4. according to the described valve of claim 3, it is characterized in that described aeration gas guiding device has an aeration gas inlet at least in the pipeline section of bottom.
5. according to the described valve of claim 4, it is characterized in that described aeration gas feedway is suitable for aeration gas is transported to each import of bottom pipeline section.
6. according to the described valve of any one claim of front, it is characterized in that, described bottom pipeline section be level or bevelled.
7 one kinds of methods of but the fluidization solid material being carried out flow control by means of non-mechanical valve mechanism, this valve mechanism comprises a pipeline, it has a solid material import and a solid material outlet, pipeline also comprises two upright pipe legs and the bottom pipeline section that the lower end of two uprise legs is coupled together, and this method comprises:
(1) keep valve mechanism to be full of by solid material;
(2) aeration gas is charged into each pipe leg, keep solid material in valve, to flow with a kind of fluidization state all the time to outlet from import; And
(3) control charges into the aeration gas of respectively managing leg, thereby control is by the flow of the solid material of valve.
8. in accordance with the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that step (3) comprises the flow that increases or reduce the aeration gas that charges into a certain pipe leg with respect to another pipe leg, controls the flow by the solid material of valve.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPN2273A AUPN227395A0 (en) | 1995-04-07 | 1995-04-07 | A non-mechanical valve |
| AUPN2273 | 1995-04-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1181052A true CN1181052A (en) | 1998-05-06 |
Family
ID=3786625
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96193096A Pending CN1181052A (en) | 1995-04-07 | 1996-04-04 | Non-mechanical valve mechanism |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0819092A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH11503099A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR19980703492A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1181052A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR001572A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AUPN227395A0 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9604841A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2217503A1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW334506B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996031418A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA962796B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109879057A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-06-14 | 成都瑞柯林工程技术有限公司 | Powder fluidization structure and device |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2161172B1 (en) * | 1999-10-22 | 2002-10-01 | Univ Madrid Complutense | PNEUMATIC DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE FLOW OF GRANULAR SOLIDS. |
| US8753044B2 (en) | 2008-06-09 | 2014-06-17 | Uop Llc | L-valve construction for controlling solids flow in a liquid medium using standard pipe fittings |
| CN107531430B (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2020-07-28 | 环球油品公司 | Device for conveying catalyst |
| WO2017137392A1 (en) * | 2016-02-12 | 2017-08-17 | Reel Alesa Sas | Device and method for conveyance of powder materials in hyperdense phase |
| CN107606242B (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2024-05-03 | 南京高正农用化工有限公司 | Pesticide granule air current sprays mixing control valve |
| WO2021024065A1 (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2021-02-11 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Loop seal on reactor first stage dipleg to reduce hydrocarbon carryover to stripper for naphtha catalytic cracking |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2267965A1 (en) * | 1974-04-18 | 1975-11-14 | Guyot Jacques | Pneumatic conveyor for granular material - has accelerators along discharge line and aeration cap on silo base |
| FR2286682A1 (en) * | 1974-10-01 | 1976-04-30 | Bonvillain Et E Ronceray Ets | Elevator-cooler for dry foundry sand - which is conveyed by compressed air up water-cooled column and into a hopper |
| DE2657677C3 (en) * | 1976-12-20 | 1979-11-15 | Mittelmann Gmbh & Co Kg, 5928 Laasphe | Method and device for the pneumatic conveyance of bulk materials, viscous masses, sludge or the like. in a tubular conveyor trough |
| SE7707545L (en) * | 1977-06-29 | 1978-12-30 | Nordisk Fluidbeddforgasning Ha | DEVICE FOR ADJUSTABLE DISCHARGE OF A FLOOD OF PARTICULAR MATERIAL IN FLUIDIZED CONDITION THROUGH A DISCHARGE OPENING |
| DE4137853A1 (en) * | 1991-11-16 | 1993-05-19 | Babcock Energie Umwelt | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DISCHARGING SOLIDS |
| JP2953229B2 (en) * | 1992-12-25 | 1999-09-27 | 日立プラント建設株式会社 | Low-speed high-concentration transport equipment |
-
1995
- 1995-04-07 AU AUPN2273A patent/AUPN227395A0/en not_active Abandoned
-
1996
- 1996-04-04 WO PCT/AU1996/000196 patent/WO1996031418A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-04-04 KR KR1019970706896A patent/KR19980703492A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-04-04 CA CA002217503A patent/CA2217503A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-04-04 BR BR9604841A patent/BR9604841A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-04-04 JP JP8529793A patent/JPH11503099A/en active Pending
- 1996-04-04 CN CN96193096A patent/CN1181052A/en active Pending
- 1996-04-04 EP EP96907948A patent/EP0819092A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-04-09 AR AR33609596A patent/AR001572A1/en unknown
- 1996-04-09 ZA ZA962796A patent/ZA962796B/en unknown
- 1996-05-17 TW TW085105856A patent/TW334506B/en active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109879057A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-06-14 | 成都瑞柯林工程技术有限公司 | Powder fluidization structure and device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR19980703492A (en) | 1998-11-05 |
| BR9604841A (en) | 1998-06-16 |
| EP0819092A4 (en) | 2001-01-24 |
| ZA962796B (en) | 1996-10-09 |
| WO1996031418A1 (en) | 1996-10-10 |
| MX9707670A (en) | 1997-11-29 |
| CA2217503A1 (en) | 1996-10-10 |
| JPH11503099A (en) | 1999-03-23 |
| TW334506B (en) | 1998-06-21 |
| AUPN227395A0 (en) | 1995-05-04 |
| EP0819092A1 (en) | 1998-01-21 |
| AR001572A1 (en) | 1997-11-26 |
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| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |