CN118084819A - 噻唑类衍生物及其在治疗白血病中的应用 - Google Patents
噻唑类衍生物及其在治疗白血病中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D277/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D277/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D277/38—Nitrogen atoms
- C07D277/50—Nitrogen atoms bound to hetero atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
- C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D215/48—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen
- C07D215/50—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen attached in position 4
- C07D215/52—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen attached in position 4 with aryl radicals attached in position 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及作为DHODH抑制剂的噻唑类衍生物及其应用。具体而言,本发明涉及下式I所示的化合物、含有下式I化合物的药物组合物及所述化合物在制备治疗DHODH介导的疾病,尤其是白血病的药物中的应用。本发明的化合物是高效、低毒、安全的DHODH抑制剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物化学领域。具体地说,本发明涉及新型的噻唑类衍生物、其合成方法及其作为二氢乳清酸脱氢酶(DHODH)抑制剂在治疗DHODH介导的疾病,特别是白血病中的应用。
背景技术
人类二氢乳清酸脱氢酶(Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase,hDHODH)是黄素依赖的线粒体酶,催化嘧啶从头合成的第四步,即利用辅酶Q作为氧化剂将二氢乳清酸氧化为乳清酸,该步骤是嘧啶从头合成的限速步。被激活的淋巴细胞或癌细胞等快速增殖的细胞必须依靠嘧啶从头合成来满足其对嘧啶核苷酸的需求,因此,hDHODH可以作为潜在靶标用于治疗免疫系统相关疾病及癌症,可被成功开发为抗类风湿关节炎、抗肿瘤、抗器官移植排异、抗牛皮癣等多种自身免疫性疾病的药物。
急性白血病是造血干细胞异常的恶性疾病,主要是其白血病细胞失去进一步分化和成熟的能力。急性骨髓性白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)是骨髓造血干细胞恶性增殖的表现。急性早幼粒白血病APL是M3型急性髓系白血病AML,是疾病发展最迅速、最凶险、致死率最高的一类血癌。目前,临床上用于治疗APL的一线药物主要是全反式维甲酸ATRA和三氧化二砷ATO,治疗一段时间后会出现严重的毒副作用,例如肝肾衰竭;并且5-10%患者出现耐药性复发。
因此,为寻找其它更加高效安全的靶向小分子抑制剂用于治疗APL并克服ATRA耐药,人们需要通过不断地临床试验探索出更新更好的药物。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种结构新颖、DHODH抑制活性适度、活体药效显著、安全性好的DHODH抑制剂。
本发明还有一目的是提供所述DHODH抑制剂在制备治疗DHODH介导的疾病,特别是白血病的药物中的用途。
在第一方面,本发明提供式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
式中,
R选自:H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基(优选C1-C3烷基)、取代或未取代的C3-C6环烷基;
R1选自:H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基(优选C1-C3烷基)、取代或未取代的C3-C6环烷基、CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)pCH3,p选择0-2;
R2独立选自:H、卤素、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基(优选C1-C3烷基)、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷氧基、CN、NO2、羟基、NRaRb;
R4独立选自:H、卤素、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基(优选C1-C3烷基)、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷氧基、CN、NO2、羟基、NRaRb;
Ra、Rb独立选自H或取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基(优选C1-C3烷基);
R3选自:H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基(优选C1-C3烷基);
m为0-4的整数;
n为0~5的整数。
在具体的实施方式中,所述化合物如式II所示:
R1选自:H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基(优选C1-C3烷基)、取代或未取代的C3-C6环烷基、CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)pCH3,p选择0-2;
R2选自:H、F、Cl;
R4选自:H、F、Cl;
R3选自:H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基(优选C1-C3烷基);
m为0-4的整数;
n为0~5的整数。
在具体的实施方式中,所述化合物如式III所示:
R2选自:H、F;
R4选自:H、F、Cl;优选Cl。
在具体的实施方式中,所述化合物是选自下组的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
在具体的实施方式中,所述化合物选自下组:
优选地所述化合物选自下组:
在第二方面,本发明提供一种药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物含有第一方面所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
在第三方面,本发明提供第一方面所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或第二方面所述的药物组合物的用途,用于制备治疗DHODH介导的疾病的药物。
在具体的实施方式中,所述DHODH介导的疾病包括但不限于:自身免疫疾病、RNA病毒感染、细菌感染、寄生虫、肿瘤和白血病。
在具体的实施方式中,所述白血病包括但不限于:急性髓系白血病(AML)、急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)、慢性髓系白血病和慢性淋巴细胞白血病;
优选急性髓系白血病及其特殊亚型(M3型)急性早幼粒白血病APL。
在第四方面,本发明提供一种治疗DHODH介导的疾病的方法,所述方法包括给予需要的对象第一方面所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或第二方面所述的药物组合物。
应理解,在本发明范围内中,本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合,从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。限于篇幅,在此不再一一累述。
附图说明
图1显示了化合物1对白血病模型小鼠的体重的影响;
图2显示了化合物1对白血病模型小鼠的存活率的影响;
图3显示了化合物1(416-2)对大鼠体重的影响;和
图4显示了化合物2(445-2)对大鼠体重的影响。
具体实施方式
发明人经过广泛而深入的研究,出乎意料地发现一系列结构全新的噻唑类衍生物作为DHODH抑制剂,这些化合物不仅对DHODH有较高的抑制活性,同时兼具低毒、安全的特性,从而为DHODH的开发,特别是白血病治疗药物的开发奠定了新的物质基础。在此基础上完成了本发明。
术语定义
本文中涉及到的一些基团定义如下:
本文中,“烷基”指碳链长度为1-6个碳原子的饱和的支链或直链烷基,优选的烷基包括长1-5个、1-4个碳原子、1-3个碳原子不等的烷基。烷基的例子包括但不限于甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、庚基等。烷基可以被1个或多个取代基取代,例如被卤素或卤代烷基取代。例如,烷基可以是被1-4个氟原子取代的烷基,或者烷基可以是被氟代烷基取代的烷基。
本文中,“环烷基”是指碳链长度为3-6个碳原子的环状烷基;优选饱和的环状烷基。优选的环烷基包括长3个、4个、5、6个碳原子的饱和的环状烷基。
本文中,“卤素”指氟、氯、溴和碘。在优选的实施方式中,卤素是氯或氟。
本文中,“氨基”指结构式为“NRxRy”的基团,其中,Rx和Ry可独立选自H或C1-C3烷基或C1-C3卤代烷基。在具体的实施方式中,本文所述的“氨基”是指NH2。
在本文中,本发明的化合物是指式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
式中,R、R1、R2、R3、R4、m和n如上所述。
在具体的实施方式中,本发明的化合物可以是式II所示的化合物:
更优选地,本发明非化合物可以是式III所示的化合物:
在具体的实施方式中,本发明的化合物是选自下组的化合物:
基于本发明的教导,本领域技术人员可以知晓本发明的化合物具备DHODH抑制活性。由于DHODH涉及生物体内的多种生物学途径,因此考虑到安全性,作为治疗药物的DHODH抑制剂并非抑制活性越高越好。因此,本发明的化合物是高效、低毒且安全的DHODH抑制剂。
在优选的实施方式中,本发明的化合物是选自以下的化合物:
特别是选自下组的化合物:
在上述化合物的基础上,本发明进一步提供一种药物组合物,该组合物含有治疗有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
本发明化合物的药学上可接受的盐的例子包括但不限于无机和有机酸盐,例如盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、硫酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐、酒石酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、扁桃酸盐和草酸盐;以及与碱例如钠羟基、三(羟基甲基)胺基甲烷(TRIS,胺丁三醇)和N-甲基葡糖胺形成的无机和有机碱盐。
虽然每个人的需求各不相同,本领域技术人员可确定本发明药物组合物中每种活性成分的最佳剂量。一般情况下,本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,对哺乳动物每天口服给药,药量按照约0.0025到50毫克/公斤体重。但最好是每公斤口服给药约0.01到10毫克。例如,单位口服剂量可以包括约0.01到50毫克,最好是约0.1到10毫克的本发明化合物。单位剂量可给予一次或多次,每天为一片或多片,每片含有约0.1到50毫克,合宜地约0.25到10毫克的本发明化合物或其溶剂化物。
本发明的药物组合物可被配制成适合各种给药途径的制剂形式,包括但不限于被配制成用于肠外,皮下,静脉,肌肉,腹腔内,透皮,口腔,鞘内,颅内,鼻腔或外用途径给药的形式,用于治疗肿瘤和其他疾病。给药量是有效地改善或消除一个或多个病症的药量。对于特定疾病的治疗,有效量是足以改善或以某些方式减轻与疾病有关的症状的药量。这样的药量可作为单一剂量施用,或者可依据有效的治疗方案给药。给药量也许可治愈疾病,但是给药通常是为了改善疾病的症状。一般需要反复给药来实现所需的症状改善。药的剂量将根据病人的年龄,健康与体重,并行治疗的种类,治疗的频率,以及所需治疗效益来决定。
本发明的药物制剂可以给予任何哺乳动物,只要他们能获得本发明化合物的治疗效果。在这些哺乳动物中最为重要的是人类。本发明的化合物或其药物组合物可用于治疗各种DHODH介导的疾病。本文中,DHODH介导的疾病是白血病或肿瘤。在具体的实施方式中,所述抗肿瘤主要涉及各种类型白血病。
本发明的药物制剂可用已知的方式制造。例如,由传统的混合,制粒,制锭,溶解,或冷冻干燥过程制造。制造口服制剂时,可结合固体辅料和活性化合物,选择性研磨混合物。如果需要或必要时加入适量助剂后,加工颗粒混合物,获得片剂或锭剂芯。
合适的辅料特别是填料,例如糖类如乳糖或蔗糖,甘露醇或山梨醇;纤维素制剂或钙磷酸盐,例如磷酸三钙或磷酸氢钙;以及粘结剂,例如淀粉糊,包括玉米淀粉,小麦淀粉,大米淀粉,马铃薯淀粉,明胶,黄芪胶,甲基纤维素,羟丙基甲基纤维素,羧甲基纤维素钠,或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。如果需要,可增加崩解剂,比如上面提到的淀粉,以及羧甲基淀粉,交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,琼脂,或褐藻酸或其盐,如海藻酸钠。辅助剂特别是流动调节剂和润滑剂,例如,硅石,滑石,硬脂酸盐类,如镁硬脂酸钙,硬脂酸或聚乙二醇。如果需要,可以給锭剂核芯提供可以抵抗胃液的合适包衣。为此,可以应用浓缩糖类溶液。此类溶液可以含有阿拉伯树胶,滑石,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,聚乙二醇和/或二氧化钛,漆溶液和合适的有机溶剂或溶剂混合物。为了制备耐胃液的包衣,可使用适当的纤维素溶液,例如醋酸纤维素邻苯二甲酸或羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸。可向药片或锭剂核芯的包衣加入染料或色素。例如,用于识别或为了表征活性成分剂量的组合。
因此,本发明还提供一种治疗DHODH介导的疾病的方法,该方法包括给予需要的对象以本发明的化合物或包含本发明化合物的药物组合物。
给药方法包括但不限于本领域周知的各种给药方法,可根据患者的实际情况加以确定。这些方法包括但不限于肠外、皮下、静脉、肌肉、腹腔内、透皮、口腔、鞘内、颅内、鼻腔或外用途径给药。
本发明也包括本发明化合物在制备治疗DHODH介导的疾病用的药物中的用途。
本发明的优点:
1.本发明首次发现了一系列结构全新的噻唑类衍生物作为DHODH抑制剂;
2.本发明的化合物是高效、低毒、安全的DHODH抑制剂,从而具备很重要的学术价值与现实意义;和
3.本发明的化合物为DHODH的开发,特别是白血病治疗药物的开发奠定了新的物质基础。
以下结合具体实施案例对本发明的技术方案进一步描述,但以下实施案例不构成对本发明的限制,所有依据本发明的原理和技术手段采用的各种施用方法,均属于本发明范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另外说明,否则百分比和份数按重量计算。
实施例1:
1.(E)-2-((2-(4-(2-氯苯基)噻唑-2-基)-2-甲基亚连氨基)甲基)-N-羟基苯甲酰胺(化合物1)的合成
称取2-甲基氨基硫脲(10.00g,95mmol),邻羧基苯甲醛(14.28g,95mmol)于2L三口烧瓶中,加入甲苯500mL,机械搅拌,分水器分水,加热回流反应3h,片状固体溶解,生成粉末固体,TLC跟踪显示反应完全(EA:PE=1:1,加一滴乙酸)。然后,2-溴-1-(2-氯苯)乙酮(22.20g,95mmol)用200mL甲苯溶解后滴加到反应中,溶液变为黄色且有大量黄色固体生成,搅拌反应4h,反应完全,冷却至室温,过滤得黄色固体,将固体用300mL甲苯打浆,过滤,干燥得到30.18g黄色固体,批号20200629,收率85%,异丙醇重结晶收率约80%,纯度98.72%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ13.17(s,1H),8.62(s,1H),8.02(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.94(td,J=8.3,1.4Hz,2H),7.69–7.61(m,1H),7.52(dd,J=7.9,1.3Hz,1H),7.48(td,J=7.7,1.2Hz,1H),7.45(s,1H),7.41(td,J=7.5,1.3Hz,1H),7.35(td,J=7.6,1.8Hz,1H),3.67(s,3H)。13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ169.57,168.18,148.56,136.64,136.50,134.72,133.48,132.06,130.59,130.44,129.76,128.81,127.28,126.12,125.16,124.05,107.56,32.52.HRMS(ESI)calcd for C18H15N3O2SCl[M+H]+372.0574,found 372.0574。
中间体合成
取250mL三口烧瓶,加入前面产品10g(26.89mmol,1eq),O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)羟基胺3.78g(32.27mmol,1.2eq),PyBOP 16.78g(32.27mmol,1.2eq),用60mL二氯甲烷混悬。搅拌中加入DIPEA 5.72mL(32.27mmol,1.2eq),溶液迅速澄清。常温搅拌约20-30min时,产物析出至无法搅拌,点板监测反应完全。在反应瓶中再加入60mL二氯甲烷,打浆抽滤,滤饼用10mL二氯甲烷洗两次,干燥得淡黄绿色固体8.5g。产品无需纯化。收率67%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.64(s,1H),8.22–7.82(m,3H),7.64–7.52(m,2H),7.51–7.46(m,3H),7.43(td,J=7.5,1.5Hz,1H),7.37(td,J=7.6,1.8Hz,1H),5.13(s,1H),4.08(t,J=10.1Hz,1H),3.65(s,3H),3.56(d,J=11.4Hz,1H),1.74(s,3H),1.57(m,3H).
化合物1的合成
取250mL三口烧瓶,上面产品8.5g(18.05mmol)用40mL二氯甲烷混悬,搅拌中加入TFA 20mL,溶液迅速由黄绿色浑浊液至无色澄清。常温反应5min后,点板反应完全,溶液变为淡褐色。反应液用饱和Na2CO3水溶液调至中性或弱碱性,分液,有机相用水洗两次,饱和食盐水洗一次,无水硫酸钠干燥。旋干得粗品。瓶中加入40mL EA打浆,抽滤,滤饼用10mL EA洗两次,干燥得白色固体5g。产品无需纯化。收率71%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.24(s,1H),7.81(dd,J=7.7,2.0Hz,1H),7.74(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.68(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.62(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.57–7.44(m,2H),7.38–7.26(m,3H),6.95(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),5.57(d,J=3.4Hz,1H),3.23(s,3H).LCMS ESI(M+H)+:387.1。
化合物1的甲磺酸盐合成
称取S4162(0.126g,0.1295mmol)于50mL单口瓶中,加入二氯甲烷3mL,搅拌过程中加入甲磺酸(0.310mg,0.1295mmol),反应溶液逐渐澄清并伴有固体析出,常温搅拌12h。反应液抽滤,滤饼用二氯甲烷冲洗2-3次,真空烘箱烘干即得白色固体(0.120g)。
LC-MS[M+H]+387.06。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.80–7.76(m,1H),7.74(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.68(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.62(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.56–7.47(m,2H),7.39–7.31(m,2H),7.28(s,1H),7.04(s,1H),5.59(s,1H),3.25(s,3H),2.39(s,3H).13C NMR(151MHz,DMSO)δ175.50,164.12,139.27,132.86,132.27,131.71,131.30,130.70,130.09,129.75,127.67,124.25,122.81,110.40,75.51,41.95,40.16.
2.(E)-2-((2-(4-(2-氯苯基)噻唑-2-基)-2-甲基亚连氨基)甲基)-5-氟-N-羟基苯甲酰胺(化合物2)的合成
称取2-甲基氨基硫脲(5.20g,49.70mmol),2-甲酰基-5-氟-苯甲酸甲酯(9.00g,49.70mmol)于250mL反应瓶中,加入乙醇50mL,80℃加热回流反应8h,反应溶液逐渐澄清,TLC跟踪显示反应完全(EA:PE=3:1,加一滴乙酸)。然后,2-溴-1-(2-氯苯)乙酮(11.58g,49.70mmol)用15mL乙醇溶解后滴加到反应中,搅拌反应3h,反应完全。加入4mol/L的NaOH水溶液8mL,常温搅拌10h,旋干,用20mL EA溶解,调酸至pH=3,有大量黄色固体析出,抽滤,滤饼用15mL乙醇冲洗,真空干燥得17.40g黄色固体,收率90%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.62(s,1H),8.56(s,1H),8.05(dd,J=8.5,5.8Hz,1H),7.97–7.93(m,1H),7.70–7.65(m,1H),7.59–7.52(m,2H),7.47(s,1H),7.45–7.40(m,1H),7.39–7.34(m,1H),3.33(s,3H),LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+390.1。
称取上面中间体(8.00g,20.00mmol)、O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)羟胺(5.10g,40.00mmol)、1H-苯并三唑-1-基氧三吡咯烷基六氟磷酸盐(22.50g,40.00mmol)于250mL单口瓶中,加入二氯甲烷50mL,搅拌过程中加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(3.38g,24mmol),反应溶液由澄清变为乳浊状,冰浴搅拌3h,TLC跟踪显示反应完全(EA:PE=3:1,加一滴乙酸)。抽滤,得滤饼和滤液两部分,滤饼用5mL DCM冲洗,真空干燥7.02g浅白色固体;滤液,浓缩后柱层析(PE-PE:EA 1:1),浓缩得固体1.00g。最终得8.02g,收率80%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.75(s,1H),8.03(dd,J=8.8,5.7Hz,1H),8.00(s,1H),7.95(dd,J=7.7,1.4Hz,1H),7.53(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.50–7.45(m,2H),7.42(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.35(m,2H),5.13(s,1H),4.14–4.01(m,1H),3.63(s,3H),3.57(d,J=11.1Hz,1H),1.73(d,J=6.5Hz,3H),1.57(d,J=5.8Hz,3H)。
称取上面中间体(9.20g,18.00mmol)于250mL单口瓶中,加入二氯甲烷30mL,搅拌过程中加入三氟乙酸(6.00mL,81mmol),反应溶液变澄清,常温搅拌12h,TLC跟踪显示反应完全(EA:PE=1:1)。将反应液旋干,二氯甲烷和饱和氯化钠水溶液萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干,柱层析(PE-PE:EA 1:1),旋干得粗产品,加入EA:PE 1:1重结晶,抽滤,滤饼用PE:EA1:1 10mL冲洗,得纯品浅白色粉末5.40g,收率71%。
LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+405.1。
3.(E)-2-((2-(4-(2-氯苯基)噻唑-2-基)-2-甲基肼)甲基)-N-甲氧基苯甲酰胺(化合物3)的合成
在实验经过步干骤燥的25mL双口瓶中加入416(1.0g,2.70mmol),甲氧胺盐酸盐(226mg,3.24mmol),HATU(1.34g,3.51mmol),加入10mL无水DMF溶解化合物,氩气保护,室温搅拌反应,将DIPEA(871mg,4.25mmol)用2mL无水DMF稀释后用注射器推入反应体系中,室温搅拌反应2h,TLC检测反应结束后,将反应液倒入30mL冰水混合物中搅拌,析出黄色固体,过滤,冰水洗涤,干燥,得到黄色固体经硅胶柱层析分离0.45g,收率41.7%。
LCMS 401.10[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.81(dd,J=7.7,2.0Hz,1H),7.79–7.74(m,1H),7.71(dt,J=7.5,1.0Hz,1H),7.66(td,J=7.5,1.3Hz,1H),7.54(td,J=7.5,1.1Hz,1H),7.47(dd,J=7.7,1.5Hz,1H),7.38–7.24(m,3H),6.95(d,J=3.4Hz,1H),5.97(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),3.91(s,3H),3.21(s,3H).
4.(E)-2-((2-(4-(2-氯苯基)噻唑-2-基)-2-甲基肼)甲基)-N-羟基-5-甲基苯甲酰胺(化合物4)的合成
5.(E)-2-((2-(4-(2-氯苯基)噻唑-2-基)-2-甲基肼)甲基)-N-羟基-4,5-二氟苯甲酰胺(化合物5)的合成
6.用同样方法,用布奎那合成了其衍生物(化合物6)
实施例2
实验原理:DHODH在一定条件下能催化其天然底物二氢乳清酸(DHO)氧化为乳清酸(Orotate)。在DHODH的催化下,首先将底物DHO的两个H+及e-转移到辅酶FMN上,随后还原态的FMNH2将电子传递给游离辅酶Q。游离辅酶Q最终将电子传递给显色底物DCIP,DCIP被还原。DCIP在600nm处有最大光吸收,而还原态的DCIP在600nm处没有光吸收。根据吸光度的减弱程度即可判断底物DHO被氧化的程度。单位时间内底物DHO被氧化程度即为酶促反应初速度。加入抑制剂后,酶促反应初速度降低。
hDHODH酶活测定实验步骤:
1)将纯化后的hDHODH蛋白用活性测试溶液稀释至10nM,Reaction Buffer(50mMHEPES,pH 8.0,150mM KCl,0.1% Triton X-100);
2)加入辅酶Q及DCIP,使其终浓度分别为100μM和120μM;
3)混匀后排枪加入96孔板,室温孵育5min;
4)加入底物DHO启动反应,DHO终浓度为300μM;
5)使用BioTek酶标仪检测600nm的吸光值,每30s读取一次,持续6min;
6)计算酶促反应初速度V0,抑制剂的活性测试则在上述反应体系中加入不同浓度的抑制剂,计算酶促反应初速度Vi,化合物的抑制率则由公式(1-Vi/V0)×100%计算;
7)在化合物IC50的计算中,至少测试8个浓度下的抑制率,IC50值使用GraphPad8.0计算。
实验结果:
讨论:
化合物的活性检测结果表明本发明的化合物具备比较好的DHODH抑制活性,其中一些化合物抑制DHODH的IC50值达到10-25nM左右。
DHODH抑制剂研发经验告诉我们,自身免疫性抑制剂通过作用于免疫系统发挥作用,对DHODH抑制活性过高导致的安全性风险很难避免,活性适中则可以较好的平衡抗异常细胞快速增殖,并尽量减轻对正常细胞毒副作用。近几十年来,DHODH抑制剂上市的药物仅有来氟米特及其代谢物特立氟胺,而来氟米特对DHODH抑制活性IC50值为微摩尔级别,特立氟胺大约0.3微摩尔。布奎那对DHODH抑制活性IC50值达到单纳摩尔,但其高活性会导致过窄的治疗窗而未得到进一步推广应用。从这个DHODH抑制剂研发经验出发,安全性较高的DHODH抑制剂更具有应用价值。
实施例3:化合物1的抗肿瘤活性测试(NB4-R1 survial实验)
实验原理:对重度免疫缺陷的小鼠NOD-SCID小鼠进行3.5Gy 137Cs辐射照射,破坏小鼠骨髓的造血功能。辐照后第二天,尾静脉注射NB4-R1细胞,使白血病细胞NB4-R1在小鼠体内繁殖,造成原位CDX模型。
实验内容:6-7周的雌性NOD/SCID小鼠适应一周后,辐照3.5Gy 137Cs,次日尾静脉注射NB4-R1细胞500万/只,记为Day 0。造模第7天后,即Day 7,对小鼠称重。根据体重随机分组并开始给药(control组5只,空白溶剂每天灌胃;model组10只,空白溶剂每天灌胃;ATRA组9只,15mg/kg ATRA每2天腹腔注射;化合物1组8只,30mg/kg化合物1每天灌胃;空白溶剂:DMSO:PEG400:PBS=1:30:69)。隔天称量小鼠体重并记录。小鼠出现体重降低超过20%且持续72h以上,后肢瘫痪,或动物处于严重的萎靡状态,濒临死亡,呼吸急促,不能进食进水,应该被安乐死,作为生存期的终点。实验结果如图1-2所示。
Model组小鼠在第7天开始陆续死亡,第19天小鼠全部死亡,存活率为0%;ATRA、化合物1治疗均延迟了小鼠的死亡起始时间,化合物1可以显著延长小鼠的生存期,效果优于ATRA。
ATRA组小鼠在第10天开始陆续死亡,第19天还有2只小鼠存活,存活率为22.22%;化合物1组小鼠分别在第10天、12天各死亡1只,第19天还有6只小鼠存活,存活率为75.00%。化合物1治疗组小鼠的存活率最高。
与control组小鼠相比,model组小鼠的体重明显减少;ATRA、化合物1给药治疗后,小鼠的体重均有不同程度的下降,给药一周后(即Day14后),小鼠体重均略有回升,其中化合物1组小鼠的体重恢复至22.24±0.83g。
综上,化合物1的药效最佳,化合物1对疾病小鼠体重的影响最小,ATRA次之。
同时,也评价了化合物2的抗肿瘤活性测试(NB4-R1 survial实验),效果类似化合物1。
实施例4:安全性评价
4.1化合物1急性毒性评价
4.1.1动物和主要试剂
实验动物:SD大鼠,雌雄各半,6周龄,44只(购于上海西普尔-必凯实验动物有限责任公司)。
实验药物:化合物1
4.1.2实验动物分组
4.1.3实验方法
大鼠适应性生长1周,随机分组,每组4只,雌雄各半。实验第一天通过口服灌胃给药。化合物1的500mg/kg组和1000mg/kg组分两次给药,第一次给药后间隔18h第二次给药,其余组为单次给药。给药前各组大鼠禁食不禁水2h,给药后禁食不禁水3h。
每日称量大鼠体重,观察大鼠行为活动有无异常,并于第15天灌流,取出心、肝、脾、肺、肾,用10%多聚甲醛固定。
4.1.4结果与讨论
化合物1给药后大鼠体重的变化
结果如图3所示:化合物1各组大鼠状况良好,未见大鼠死亡,各组大鼠体重呈上升趋势。皮毛光泽,行为活动,未见异常。口鼻眼无异常分泌物,未见呼吸困难等异常改变。
4.2化合物2急性毒性评价:
4.2.1动物和主要试剂
实验动物:SD大鼠,雌雄各半,6周玲,44只(购于上海西普尔-必凯实验动物有限责任公司)。
实验药物:化合物2
4.2.2实验动物分组
4.2.3实验方法
大鼠适应性生长1周,随机分组,每组4只,雌雄各半。在实验第一天通过口服灌胃给药。给药剂量为50、100、250、500和1000mg/kg。化合物2的500mg/kg和1000mg/kg分两次给药,第一次给药后间隔18h第二次给药,其余组为单次给药。给药前各组大鼠禁食不禁水2h,给药后禁食不禁水3h。
化合物溶于5%的二甲基亚砜(Dimethyl Sulfoxide,DMSO),45%的生理盐水以及50%的聚乙二醇400(Polyethylene Glycol 400,PEG 400)体系中,药物溶液为给药当天现配。给药容积根据每只动物当天体重计算。
每日称量大鼠体重,观察大鼠行为活动有无异常,并于第15天灌流,取出心、肝、脾、肺、肾,用10%多聚甲醛固定。
4.2.4结果与讨论
结果如图4所示。
由图4可得,化合物2各组大鼠状况良好,未见大鼠死亡,各组大鼠体重呈上升趋势。皮毛光泽,行为活动,未见异常。口鼻眼无异常分泌物,未见呼吸困难等异常改变。
因此,本发明的化合物具备较高DHODH抑制活性,抗白血病APL活性优异,安全性风险很小,有成为药效表现优异、安全性也较好的新型DHODH抑制剂药物的前景。
在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考,就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (10)
1.式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
式中,
R选自:H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基(优选C1-C3烷基)、取代或未取代的C3-C6环烷基;
R1选自:H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基(优选C1-C3烷基)、取代或未取代的C3-C6环烷基、CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)pCH3,p选择0-2;
R2独立选自:H、卤素、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基(优选C1-C3烷基)、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷氧基、CN、NO2、羟基、NRaRb;
R4独立选自:H、卤素、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基(优选C1-C3烷基)、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷氧基、CN、NO2、羟基、NRaRb;
Ra、Rb独立选自H或取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基(优选C1-C3烷基);
R3选自:H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基(优选C1-C3烷基);
m为0-4的整数;
n为0~5的整数。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述化合物如式II所示:
R1选自:H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基(优选C1-C3烷基)、取代或未取代的C3-C6环烷基、CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)pCH3,p选择0-2;
R2选自:H、F、Cl;
R4选自:H、F、Cl;
R3选自:H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基(优选C1-C3烷基);
m为0-4的整数;
n为0~5的整数。
3.如权利要求2所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述化合物如式III所示:
R2选自:H、F;
R4选自:H、F、Cl;优选Cl。
4.选自下组的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
5.如权利要求4所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述化合物选自下组:
优选地所述化合物选自下组:
6.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物含有权利要求1-5中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
7.权利要求1-6中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或权利要求6所述的药物组合物的用途,用于制备治疗DHODH介导的疾病的药物。
8.如权利要求7所述的用途,其特征在于,所述DHODH介导的疾病包括但不限于:自身免疫疾病、RNA病毒感染、细菌感染、寄生虫、肿瘤和白血病。
9.如权利要求8所述的用途,所述抗白血病包括但不限于:急性髓系白血病(AML)、急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)、慢性髓系白血病和慢性淋巴细胞白血病;
优选急性髓系白血病及其特殊亚型(M3型)急性早幼粒白血病APL。
10.一种治疗DHODH介导的疾病的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括给予需要的对象权利要求1-5中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或权利要求6所述的药物组合物。
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