CN118072198A - Geological disaster monitoring method - Google Patents
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- CN118072198A CN118072198A CN202410187082.9A CN202410187082A CN118072198A CN 118072198 A CN118072198 A CN 118072198A CN 202410187082 A CN202410187082 A CN 202410187082A CN 118072198 A CN118072198 A CN 118072198A
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Abstract
The application provides a geological disaster monitoring method, which relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring, and comprises the following steps: shooting image data of a monitored area through an unmanned aerial vehicle; preprocessing the image data to obtain a standard image; extracting to obtain a high-precision three-dimensional model according to the standard image; analyzing the three-dimensional model, and evaluating geological disaster conditions of the monitored area to obtain an evaluation result; and generating a report according to the evaluation result. The unmanned aerial vehicle acquires image data of a monitored area in an inclined shooting mode. According to the geological disaster monitoring method provided by the application, the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial inspection can rapidly evaluate the geological disaster condition, so that the problems that the artificial geological disaster inspection has a certain risk and the detection result cannot completely reflect the real condition of landslide are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring, in particular to a geological disaster monitoring method.
Background
The geological disaster inspection is an important work, can help us to find and evaluate the risk of geological disasters in time, and adopts corresponding preventive and countermeasure measures to ensure the life and property safety of people.
In general, geological disaster inspection includes inspection of disasters such as landslide, debris flow, ground collapse, and the like. In the process of inspection, the geological disaster point needs to be subjected to field investigation, and the signs and the characteristics of the geological disaster, such as ground cracks, landslide, earth and stone flow and the like, are observed. Meanwhile, the surrounding environment is also required to be investigated, so that the conditions of topography, landform, hydrology and the like and the influence of human activities on geological disasters are known.
Currently, landslide inspection uses manual inspection, typically using visual inspection, tapping and touching. The landslide has complex and changeable terrain conditions. When inspectors face high landslides and landslides, manual inspection is very dangerous, and even reaches certain areas of the landslide, so that detection results cannot fully reflect the actual situation of the landslide.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a geological disaster monitoring method, which can rapidly evaluate the geological disaster situation through unmanned aerial vehicle aerial inspection, solves the problems that the artificial geological disaster inspection has a certain risk and the detection result cannot completely reflect the real landslide situation.
The embodiment of the application provides a geological disaster monitoring method, which comprises the following steps:
Shooting image data of a monitored area through an unmanned aerial vehicle;
preprocessing the image data to obtain a standard image;
extracting to obtain a high-precision three-dimensional model according to the standard image;
Analyzing the three-dimensional model, and evaluating geological disaster conditions of the monitored area to obtain an evaluation result;
And generating a report according to the evaluation result.
In one possible implementation manner, the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires image data of a monitored area in a tilting shooting mode.
In a possible implementation manner, the unmanned aerial vehicle acquiring the monitored area image data by adopting an oblique shooting mode includes:
Setting unmanned aerial vehicle parameters and an unmanned aerial vehicle shooting ground inclination angle, wherein the unmanned aerial vehicle parameters comprise an unmanned aerial vehicle flight height range;
determining the actual picture width of unmanned aerial vehicle shooting according to the flight height range of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the ground inclination angle of unmanned aerial vehicle shooting;
Calculating the actual picture width and the definition threshold value to obtain the effective picture width;
According to the effective picture width, unmanned aerial vehicle parameters, the unmanned aerial vehicle shooting inclination angle to the ground and the monitored area characteristics, calculating to obtain an unmanned aerial vehicle flight plan; the monitored area features comprise monitored area shape information and size information;
according to the unmanned aerial vehicle flight plan, unmanned aerial vehicle automatic flight is set, and the unmanned aerial vehicle automatic flight shoots the monitored area image information.
In one possible implementation, the monitored area image information captured by the unmanned aerial vehicle is acquired in real time, and when the captured image is poor, an emergency situation and a landing supplementary lens occur, the flight state can be switched from automatic to manual control.
In a possible implementation manner, the preprocessing the image data to obtain a standard image includes:
And sequentially carrying out denoising treatment, enhancement treatment, correction treatment and splicing treatment on the image data to obtain the standard image.
In one possible implementation, analyzing the three-dimensional model, assessing geological disaster conditions of the monitored area includes:
Acquiring coordinate parameters of space points of the three-dimensional model in a CGCS2000 coordinate system;
Calculating to obtain the structural plane shape by adopting a space three-point coordinate method according to the coordinate parameters;
the structural face filling condition, the structural face opening degree and the structural face development density can be clearly identified through the structural face production, the accurate geometric characteristics, the spatial characteristics and the geological characteristics of the monitored area are obtained, the stable leakage condition of the monitored area and the damage energy after being stripped from the parent rock can be accurately calculated, and the quantized data can provide parameters for monitoring, treatment and the like.
In one possible implementation, assessing a geological disaster condition of a monitored area includes;
and evaluating four aspects of landslide weathering degree, drainage system, protection structure and landslide phenomenon of the monitored area.
According to the geological disaster monitoring method provided by the embodiment of the application, the unmanned aerial vehicle shoots the image data of the monitored area, and the image data is preprocessed to obtain the standard image; extracting to obtain a high-precision three-dimensional model according to the standard image; analyzing the three-dimensional model, and evaluating geological disaster conditions of the monitored area to obtain an evaluation result; according to the evaluation result, a report is generated, so that the geological disaster condition of the monitored area is rapidly evaluated, the evaluation result is accurate, the problems that the artificial geological disaster is checked, a certain risk exists, and the detection result cannot completely reflect the real condition of the landslide are solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a geological disaster monitoring method provided by the application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present application better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present application.
Many coastal cities and regions are areas with more mountain areas and hills and less plains, due to the geographical position and the influence of geological structures, the areas are areas with more frequent geological disasters, the possible geological disasters mainly collapse, landslide, mud-rock flow and land collapse, the geological disasters usually occur after earthquake and after heavy rainfall, the geological disasters have extremely high concealment and hazard, a large number of weathering unloading cracks usually occur at the top of a steep slope, rock mass is cut by various causative structures and is in an understable state, and sudden geological disasters have extremely serious threats on roads, structures, personal safety and the like. And because of the geographical characteristics of coastal cities around mountains, a plurality of building sites are selected on rock body slopes, the slopes have instability problems under natural conditions, and the disasters are already or are in inoculation due to the influence of human factors.
In recent years, along with the progress of technology, unmanned aerial vehicle technology is introduced in geological disaster prevention and treatment work, the characteristics of high maneuver, easy operation and visualization of unmanned aerial vehicles are utilized, deformation characteristics of ship shot disaster objects and the like in geological disaster emergency investigation are used for forming image data, but the conventional unmanned aerial vehicle technology is limited by low endurance and limitation of manual operation and can not record complete and accurate deformation characteristics, so that by introducing unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology, only one flight of a route is required to be set, a three-dimensional model is generated by utilizing software, and a more visual, real, stereoscopic and vivid measurable three-dimensional model can be displayed for emergency site directors and decision makers, and a more powerful research basis is provided for stability and treatment schemes of disaster objects.
In addition, the investigation and stable leakage evaluation work of the ground disaster are necessary, but the ground disaster investigation always belongs to engineering problems. Traditional reconnaissance method belongs to contact, single-point investigation, and engineering personnel climb to dangerous rock position suitable department, adopts instrument measurement dangerous rock mass structural plane parameter, and work efficiency is low, and work load is big, and because the climbing difficulty, the operating personnel danger is very high again. But through constructing three-dimensional space model to draw dangerous rock body characteristic parameter, provide data support for steady left nature analysis of dangerous rock body, unmanned aerial vehicle slope photogrammetry technique is the remote sensing mode that takes unmanned aerial vehicle as flight deck and carries on sensor equipment, acquires ground information. The method has the characteristics of strong maneuverability, quick data acquisition and high data precision, combines the three-dimensional space data processing, modeling and application analysis technical methods, can complete the investigation work of landslide, mud-rock flow, dangerous rock falling and other quality disasters, can also complete the identification of lithology combination, structure and occurrence and unloading zone trend and width by combining with the latest photogrammetry technology, and is a great breakthrough on the traditional operation mode.
Therefore, the construction of the three-dimensional model by the unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photogrammetry technology has obvious advantages in the application of geological disaster management:
(1) The limitations of complex terrains and severe operation environments on the traditional field operation mode can be overcome, and aerial photography can be carried out in a vast local area;
(2) The efficiency and the precision of geological disaster management work can be greatly improved, and the space size and the structure of any dangerous rock can be measured to measure the occurrence of the dangerous rock.
(3) The expression modes of the technical output results are also various, and the working requirements of multi-level different purposes such as application, scientific research and the like can be met;
(4) The staff does not need climbing operation, the risk is small, and the working mode realizes the work conversion from the field industry to the internal industry.
According to the application, aerial photography is carried out by using an unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted high-resolution camera, image data of ground features are obtained to realize data acquisition, meanwhile, related information such as geological disaster historical data, meteorological data and the like is collected, the acquired image data is processed, such as geometric correction, image enhancement, digital elevation model generation and the like, characteristic information related to geological disasters is extracted, data processing and analysis are realized, and finally, comprehensive analysis is carried out by combining the historical data and the meteorological data to predict potential disaster risks.
The following describes in detail a specific structure of the geological disaster monitoring method provided by the application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a geological disaster monitoring method, including:
S100: shooting image data of a monitored area through an unmanned aerial vehicle;
the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires image data of a monitored area in an oblique shooting mode.
The low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry technology is mainly used for small-scale investigation or emergency investigation tasks. The unmanned plane is used as a flying platform, various sensors are utilized to acquire ground information, and computer graphics is used. Image technology processes acquired images and provides basic data for various types of photogrammetry applications.
The data processing part comprises a data preprocessing system and a data post-processing system. The data preprocessing system comprises photogrammetric data downloading, flight quality and data quality checking, camera calibration and distortion correction; the data post-processing includes three treatments of air, plot production, interpretation and result evaluation.
In the application of the technique and the image control point program, the elevation accuracy of the oblique photography data result is compared with the elevation accuracy of the vertical photography. The results show that compared with vertical photography, the elevation precision of oblique photography is improved to a certain extent, and high-precision program support is provided for oblique photography sedimentation monitoring.
The unmanned aerial vehicle adopts the mode of slope shooting to obtain monitored area image data includes:
S110: setting unmanned aerial vehicle parameters and an unmanned aerial vehicle shooting inclination angle to the ground; the unmanned aerial vehicle parameters comprise unmanned aerial vehicle flight height ranges;
S120: determining the actual picture width of unmanned aerial vehicle shooting according to the unmanned aerial vehicle flight height range and the unmanned aerial vehicle shooting ground inclination angle;
s130: calculating according to the actual picture width and the definition threshold value to obtain an effective picture width;
S140: calculating to obtain an unmanned aerial vehicle flight plan according to the effective picture width, the unmanned aerial vehicle parameters, the unmanned aerial vehicle shooting ground inclination angle and the monitored area characteristics; the monitored area characteristics include: the shape information and the size information of the monitored area;
S150: according to the unmanned aerial vehicle flight plan, unmanned aerial vehicle automatic flight is set, and the unmanned aerial vehicle automatic flight shoots the monitored area image information.
The monitoring personnel set up the route and unmanned aerial vehicle parameters in the ground control system, and then execute the flight mission according to the explanation of the ground control system. The unmanned aerial vehicle flight data is transmitted to the ground control system in real time, and ground monitoring personnel can change the flight plan, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle can continue executing instructions according to the received data. The monitoring personnel can switch the flight status from automatic to manual control when taking poor photo areas, emergency situations and landing supplemental shots.
S200: preprocessing the image data to obtain a standard image;
The preprocessing the image data to obtain a standard image comprises the following steps:
And sequentially carrying out denoising treatment, enhancement treatment, correction treatment and splicing treatment on the image data to obtain the standard image.
S300: extracting to obtain a high-precision three-dimensional model according to the standard image;
And the related software is used for three-dimensional modeling, such as Pix4D, agi soft and other software, so that a high-precision three-dimensional model can be extracted from the preprocessed image data.
The precision evaluation is a very important part of unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photogrammetry. The precision evaluation mainly comprises static precision evaluation and dynamic precision evaluation. The static precision evaluation is mainly to evaluate the precision of the unmanned aerial vehicle by comparing the difference between a three-dimensional model obtained by oblique photography measurement of the unmanned aerial vehicle and an actual scene, such as evaluating by using point cloud data, control points and the like. The dynamic accuracy evaluation is to test the positioning accuracy and the three-dimensional reconstruction accuracy of the unmanned aerial vehicle by means of moving targets and the like. In the aspect of static precision evaluation, some representative point cloud data can be selected for comparison analysis, and the precision of the point cloud data can be evaluated by calculating indexes such as error mean, median, standard deviation and the like of the point cloud data. Meanwhile, the control point can be used for precision calibration and evaluation, the coordinates of the control point are compared with the reconstructed three-dimensional model, and the error value is calculated and evaluated. In the aspect of dynamic precision evaluation, the positioning precision and the three-dimensional reconstruction precision of the unmanned aerial vehicle can be tested in a moving target mode. It is necessary to set a moving target in a test scene and record its position information using a positioning device such as GPS. Then, the image data of the target is acquired through shooting of the unmanned aerial vehicle, three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out by utilizing related software, finally, the reconstructed three-dimensional model is compared with the target position in the actual scene, and the error value is calculated and the accuracy is evaluated.
S400: analyzing the three-dimensional model, and evaluating geological disaster conditions of the monitored area to obtain an evaluation result;
And acquiring coordinate parameters of the three-dimensional model in the CGCS2000 coordinate system and the space point by adopting professional software. The structural plane attitude elements (inclination and inclination angle) can be calculated by measuring the space point coordinate parameters and adopting a space three-point coordinate method. Meanwhile, the filling condition of the structural surface, the opening degree of the structural surface, the development density of the structural surface and the like can be clearly identified indoors through professional software. By means of the method, quantitative survey of factors such as the geometric dimension, specific sitting height, height difference, structural surface characteristics and the like of the steep slope dangerous rock based on the high-definition three-dimensional model can be realized, and accurate geometric characteristics, spatial characteristics and geological characteristics of any dangerous rock in the steep slope dangerous rock section are obtained. Therefore, the method can accurately calculate the stable condition of the dangerous rock on the steep slope and the damage energy after the dangerous rock is stripped from the parent rock, and the quantized data can provide parameters for monitoring, treatment and the like.
According to the technical introduction and the example display, the oblique photogrammetry and the three-dimensional live-action modeling technology generate an intuitive, real, stereoscopic and lifelike three-dimensional model, and the model characteristics, the measuring and calculating scale and the like can be studied in a room, so that the denaturation characteristics of a disaster body can be comprehensively mastered, and a reliable studying and judging basis is provided for a decision maker.
Evaluating geological disaster conditions of the monitored area;
and evaluating four aspects of landslide weathering degree, drainage system, protection structure and landslide phenomenon of the monitored area.
S500: and generating a report according to the evaluation result.
In landslide structures, the roof fracture rock mass and the slope surface are broken rock masses formed by the fracture and disintegration of the rock mass at the roof of the slope and the top of the slope surface. In the initial stages of landslide formation, the redistribution of stresses leads to concentration of tensile stress at the top of the slope, pressure cracking of the slope, development of tension and cracks in the rock mass, and breaking of the rock mass. Collapse is a phenomenon in which under the action of gravity and external forces, high and steep landslides and soil suddenly separate completely from a parent body, and then roll, jump, fall or fall, and accumulate on the foot of a slope or road.
The protective structure is a force bearing structure on the landslide surface to support rock and soil pressure. The protective structure is mainly affected by water erosion and rock and soil pressure. The coagulation structure has a large amount of cement. The internal cracks of concrete are the main breakthrough points for water erosion. At these locations, the concrete is easily stripped, the rebar is exposed, causing structural damage and loss of function:
the protective structure is mainly affected by rock and soil pressure. When the local structural strength is lower than the structural stress, the structure may bend and fail. According to the landslide detection result of the unmanned aerial vehicle, four aspects of landslide phenomena such as landslide weathering degree, a drainage system and a protection structure are evaluated, and corresponding options such as low-strength, strong and stronger weathering are selected in the inspection management system. The inspector makes a selection according to the actual inspection result. The system integrates these four options to determine the safety of the road landslide. The judgment result is as follows: stable, substantially stable, understable, and unstable. And after the judgment, displaying corresponding recommended treatment measures.
According to the geological disaster monitoring method provided by the application, the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial inspection can be used for rapidly evaluating the geological disaster condition, so that the problems that the artificial geological disaster inspection has a certain risk and the detection result cannot completely reflect the real condition of landslide are solved.
It is to be understood that, based on the several embodiments provided in the present application, those skilled in the art may combine, split, reorganize, etc. the embodiments of the present application to obtain other embodiments, which all do not exceed the protection scope of the present application.
The foregoing detailed description of the embodiments of the present application further illustrates the purposes, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the embodiments of the present application, and it should be understood that the foregoing is merely a specific implementation of the embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made on the basis of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application should be included in the scope of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A geological disaster monitoring method is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of;
Shooting image data of a monitored area through an unmanned aerial vehicle;
preprocessing the image data to obtain a standard image;
extracting to obtain a high-precision three-dimensional model according to the standard image;
Analyzing the three-dimensional model, and evaluating geological disaster conditions of the monitored area to obtain an evaluation result;
And generating a report according to the evaluation result.
2. The geological disaster monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein:
the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires image data of a monitored area in an inclined shooting mode.
3. The geological disaster monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein:
The unmanned aerial vehicle adopts the mode of slope shooting to obtain monitored area image data includes:
Setting unmanned aerial vehicle parameters and an unmanned aerial vehicle shooting ground inclination angle, wherein the unmanned aerial vehicle parameters comprise an unmanned aerial vehicle flight height range;
determining the actual picture width of unmanned aerial vehicle shooting according to the flight height range of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the ground inclination angle of unmanned aerial vehicle shooting;
Calculating the actual picture width and the definition threshold value to obtain the effective picture width;
According to the effective picture width, unmanned aerial vehicle parameters, the unmanned aerial vehicle shooting inclination angle to the ground and the monitored area characteristics, calculating to obtain an unmanned aerial vehicle flight plan; the monitored area features comprise monitored area shape information and size information;
according to the unmanned aerial vehicle flight plan, unmanned aerial vehicle automatic flight is set, and the unmanned aerial vehicle automatic flight shoots the monitored area image information.
4. A geological disaster monitoring method according to claim 3, wherein:
And acquiring the image information of the monitored area shot by the unmanned aerial vehicle in real time, and switching the flight state from automatic to manual control when the shot image is poor, emergency and landing supplementary lens occur.
5. The geological disaster monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein:
The preprocessing the image data to obtain a standard image comprises the following steps:
And sequentially carrying out denoising treatment, enhancement treatment, correction treatment and splicing treatment on the image data to obtain the standard image.
6. The geological disaster monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein:
Analyzing the three-dimensional model, and evaluating geological disaster conditions of the monitored area comprises:
Acquiring coordinate parameters of space points of the three-dimensional model in a CGCS2000 coordinate system;
Calculating to obtain the structural plane shape by adopting a space three-point coordinate method according to the coordinate parameters;
And the structural face filling condition, the structural face opening degree and the structural face development density are clearly identified by the structural face shape, so that the accurate geometric characteristics, the spatial characteristics and the geological characteristics of the monitored area are obtained, the stable leakage condition of the monitored area and the damage energy after being stripped from the parent rock are accurately calculated, and the quantized data provide parameters for monitoring and treatment.
7. The geological disaster monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein:
Evaluating geological disaster conditions of the monitored area;
and evaluating four aspects of landslide weathering degree, drainage system, protection structure and landslide phenomenon of the monitored area.
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