CN118065407A - Temporary slope building construction method for easily-degraded slope - Google Patents
Temporary slope building construction method for easily-degraded slope Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 40
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
- E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
- E02D15/04—Placing concrete in mould-pipes, pile tubes, bore-holes or narrow shafts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
- E02D17/04—Bordering surfacing or stiffening the sides of foundation pits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
- E03F3/046—Open sewage channels
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of slope or slope stabilization, and discloses a slope facing building construction method for an easily degraded slope, wherein a deep foundation pit is excavated on the easily degraded slope, a flat land which can be used for building construction is formed at the pit bottom, then a building is constructed, the ground of the building is obviously lower than the slope land at the periphery, the building foundation is not exposed even the periphery is degraded, and the slope degradation is not required to be inhibited in a large range; by accurately controlling elevation of each layer and reserving a buffer green belt, the building in the pit is ensured not to be submerged in precipitation weather and not to be polluted by mud or ash; meanwhile, the members in the pile anchor support of the foundation pit are subjected to anti-corrosion treatment, and the pile anchor support is wrapped by the facing wall, so that the foundation pit can be ensured to exist stably for a long time as an integral structure, and the influence of slope deformation on the foundation can be restrained by the pile anchor support of the foundation pit; the three aspects are combined, so that the temporary slope building is constructed on the easily degraded slope with low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of slope or slope stabilization, in particular to a temporary slope building construction method for a slope which is easy to degrade.
Background
The construction of the slope-facing building is a building with difficult construction, and the construction difficulty is mainly in the foundation. Because the building is partially or entirely located on the sloping field, the foundation is uneven and is easily damaged by the deformation of the slope.
Considering the difficulties in the two aspects, the slope-facing building needs to level the foundation and simultaneously control the influence of the slope deformation on the foundation. The method is characterized in that a flat ground or terrace-shaped foundation is trimmed on the side slope by means of backfilling, supporting and the like, and the influence of the side slope deformation on the foundation is controlled by means of measures such as slope trimming, weight reduction, back pressure, anti-slip retaining wall setting, anti-slip piles setting and the like.
In addition to the above problems, the side slope has another problem, namely, degradation. For a slope with soft soil and certain precipitation, even if vegetation is luxuriant, no obvious water and soil loss exists in a single year, but the appearance of the slope can be obviously changed due to degradation during the whole life of the building. The building foundation is slowly degraded by the building protection and the periphery is quickly degraded, so that the building foundation is gradually exposed. In the prior art, the means for inhibiting the degradation is masonry and shotcrete, but the cost for inhibiting the degradation on a large scale on a large natural slope such as a hillside is too high. With this in mind, such slopes are not typically constructed.
However, due to the shortage of urban land, the problem of building construction on easily degraded slopes is inevitably encountered.
The supporting structure of the foundation pit, such as pile anchor supporting, belongs to a temporary structure and has a limited service life. Even so-called "permanent anchors" are only required to have a lifetime of more than two years (see for details the technical regulations for rock-soil anchors and GB 50086-2015). The inventors found that the life of the components in these supporting structures can reach the level of the building as long as they are preserved, but the overall structure formed by the components also contains a small portion of the rock, and if the portion of the rock is destroyed, the supporting structure cannot exist stably as a whole.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a temporary slope building construction method for an easily degraded slope.
The technical problems to be solved are as follows: when a building is constructed on a side slope which is easy to degrade, the cost of the method for inhibiting the degradation in the prior art is too high.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a temporary slope building construction method for an easily degraded slope comprises the following steps:
Step one: planning foundation pit and building peripheral structures of a slope-facing building, wherein the foundation pit and the building peripheral structures meet the following conditions:
Condition 1: a buffer belt is reserved between the building outline and the side wall of the foundation pit, after the building construction is completed, the surface of the buffer belt is used as a green belt and is marked as a buffer green belt, and the elevation of the buffer green belt is lower than the elevation of the adjacent ground outside the foundation pit and is used for avoiding the soil degraded at the periphery of the foundation pit from polluting the building;
Condition 2: the bottom of the foundation pit is all positioned above the underground water line;
Condition 3: the buffer green belt is higher than the inlet of the adjacent drainage pipe network under the slope, and the height difference meets the gravity drainage requirement;
Step two: in the support of the foundation pit, the support structure of the side wall of the foundation pit close to the slope top is a pile anchor support, the support structures at the other positions are permanent retaining walls, a foundation pit row pile supported by the pile anchor support is driven, then a pile top buffer table is built on the ground surface behind the foundation pit row pile, the surface of the pile top buffer table is a concrete platform lower than the top of the foundation pit row pile, and a drainage intercepting ditch is arranged at the edge of the pile top buffer table far away from the foundation pit row pile;
Step three: excavating a foundation pit, constructing a prestressed anchor rod and a waist beam supported by a pile anchor in the excavating process, and constructing a permanent retaining wall; carrying out anti-corrosion treatment on the prestressed anchor rod and the waist beam; the design life of the prestressed anchor rods and the waist beams is not less than that of the building main body, and the top of the retaining wall is higher than the adjacent ground outside the foundation pit;
Step four: constructing a main structure of the building;
Step five: constructing a facing wall for blocking soil body collapse on the back surface of the foundation pit row pile by abutting against the foundation pit row pile, wherein the top of the facing wall is higher than the adjacent ground outside the foundation pit; leveling the land of the buffer belt, paving the buffer green belt, and constructing a gravity drainage structure which is communicated with adjacent drainage pipe networks under the slope by the buffer green belt;
Step six: and after the construction is finished, monitoring the deformation of the side slope.
Further, according to different working conditions, the following method is adopted to ensure the stability of the pile top buffer table:
Working condition 1: if the surface soil firmness of the original slope surface below the pile top buffer table is not lower than that of the second-class soil, backfilling and tamping the original slope surface below the pile top buffer table by backfill soil with the firmness not lower than that of the third-class soil until the compacted rammed soil is filled between the original slope surface below the pile top buffer table and the concrete of the pile top buffer table;
working condition 2: and if the surface soil of the original slope below the pile top buffer table is one type of soil, replacing all stratum below the pile top buffer table and higher than the buffer green belt with backfill soil with the solid degree not lower than three types of soil.
And step two, before the foundation pit pile is driven, backfilling the side slope at the position where the pile anchor support is positioned by backfilling soil with the solid degree not lower than three types of soil to form a construction platform for driving the foundation pit pile, wherein the construction platform completely covers the position where the pile top buffer table is positioned.
Further, if the surface soil of the original slope below the pile top buffer table is soil of a type, after the construction platform for driving the foundation pit pile is paved, firstly excavating a guide groove at the position of the foundation pit pile, wherein the bottom of the guide groove is not lower than the elevation of an adjacent buffer green belt and the distance between the groove wall behind the foundation pit pile and the foundation pit pile is not less than half a meter, and backfilling the guide groove with backfill soil with the firmness degree not lower than three types of soil after driving the foundation pit pile in the guide groove, thereby completing the replacement of the soil behind the foundation pit pile and higher than the buffer green belt.
Further, in the construction process of the prestressed anchor rod in the third step, the following method is adopted for carrying out anti-corrosion treatment so as to prolong the design life:
the anchor head is sealed by fine stone concrete after rust removal and painting;
the steel strand rust removal and corrosion-resistant grease coating are wrapped in an oil-resistant hose, and openings at two ends of the oil-resistant hose are sealed through the corrosion-resistant grease;
in the grouting process of the prestressed anchor rod, no matter whether the stratum is a soft soil layer or not, secondary splitting grouting is carried out to block the gaps of the stratum around the anchor hole.
Further, step six, after the engineering is completed, the time slope is monitored for at least two years by taking GB 50330-2013 as a monitoring standard.
Further, the back of the pile anchor support and permanent retaining wall is provided with a reverse filtering layer with the thickness of at least 300mm, the exposed surface of the foundation pit row piles is completely wrapped in the retaining wall, the wall surface of the retaining wall is provided with water discharge holes, the wall root is provided with a drainage ditch, the wall is provided with expansion joints every 20 meters, and asphalt hemp threads are filled in the expansion joints;
the facing wall is a rubble masonry wall or a clear water concrete slab wall, and when the facing wall is a rubble masonry wall, the rubble gap is used as a water drain hole.
Further, the foundation pit is located between the mountain-coiled highway and the highway at the bottom of the slope.
Compared with the prior art, the temporary slope building construction method for the easily degraded slope has the following beneficial effects:
In the invention, a deep foundation pit is excavated on an easily degraded side slope, a flat land which can be used for building construction is formed at the pit bottom, then a building is constructed, the ground of the building is obviously lower than the slope land at the periphery, and the building foundation is not exposed even if the periphery is degraded;
by accurately controlling elevation of each layer (ensuring gravity drainage and no overflow of groundwater) and reserving a buffer green belt, the buildings in the pits are ensured not to be submerged in precipitation weather and not to be polluted by mud or ash;
meanwhile, the members in the pile anchor support of the foundation pit are subjected to anti-corrosion treatment, and the pile anchor support is covered by a facing wall (permanent structure), so that the foundation pit can be ensured to exist stably for a long time as an integral structure, and the influence of slope deformation on the foundation can be restrained by the pile anchor support of the foundation pit;
The three aspects are combined, the side slope is not required to be subjected to large-scale inhibition and degradation, backfill is not required to form a flat foundation, and an additional side slope stabilizing structure is not required, so that the side slope construction temporary slope building is realized on the side slope which is easy to degrade at low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a slope used in a temporary slope building construction method of an easily degraded slope according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a foundation pit;
in the figure, 1-original slope, 2-building outline, 3-pile top buffer table, 31-drainage ditch, 41-foundation pit row pile, 42-prestressed anchor rod, 43-facing wall, 5-permanent retaining wall and 6-buffer green belt.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-2, a temporary slope building construction method for an easily degraded slope comprises the following steps:
Step one: planning foundation pit and peripheral structure of building of the temporary slope, the foundation pit and peripheral structure of building meet the following conditions:
condition 1: a buffer belt is reserved between the building outline 2 and the side wall of the foundation pit, after the building construction is completed, the surface of the buffer belt is used as a green belt and is marked as a buffer green belt 6, and the elevation of the buffer green belt 6 is lower than the elevation of the adjacent ground outside the foundation pit and is used for avoiding the soil degraded at the periphery of the foundation pit from polluting the building;
In conventional constructions, the foundation pit side walls are also spaced from the construction profile 2, but are smaller. It was found in practice that this spacing, if used, would result in surrounding falling soil contaminating the building, since the building of the present invention is below the surrounding ground after construction is complete. The larger spacing is reserved, and the fallen soil is absorbed by the green belt.
Condition 2: the bottom of the foundation pit is all positioned above the underground water line; the groundwater level here is calculated as the highest value if there is a fluctuation.
Condition 3: the buffer green belt 6 is higher than the inlet of the adjacent drainage pipe network under the slope, and the height difference meets the gravity drainage requirement.
Both condition 2 and condition 3 are to avoid water accumulation, because the building form arranged in the pit is easy to accumulate water naturally, and is generally only suitable for small-scale buildings and matched with a water pumping station for use. The building in this embodiment occupies a large area of a few mu, and is not suitable for pumping. However, considering that the gravity drainage device is positioned on a side slope and has a height difference from the lower part of the side slope, gravity drainage can be realized by reasonably controlling the height difference. Of course, if groundwater is encountered, drainage problems still occur, so the bottom of the foundation pit is controlled to be located above the groundwater level entirely. In addition, in order to smoothly enter and exit the building in the pit, it is necessary to construct stairs on the peripheral permanent retaining wall 5.
Step two: in the supporting of the foundation pit, the supporting structure of the side wall of the foundation pit close to the slope top is a pile anchor supporting structure, and the supporting structures at the rest positions are permanent retaining walls 5;
The stress condition of the side wall of the foundation pit is not as uniform as that of the flat ground, and the side wall of the foundation pit close to the slope top is stressed greatly, so that the side wall of the foundation pit needs to be supported by pile anchor supports. Other positions are less stressed, and foundation pit support can be completed by using the retaining wall. The retaining wall is a permanent structure and can be used continuously. The soil at the position of the foundation pit can be excavated before the rest positions of the foundation pit to form a foundation pit, then the permanent retaining wall 5 is built in the foundation pit and filled, or the foundation pit can be excavated without slotting, and the gravity retaining wall with cement stirring piles is applied before the foundation pit is excavated. In this embodiment, in order to further stabilize the side wall of the foundation pit, soil mass of 3.5 meters at the top is applied as a 1:1 soil nailing wall. Of course, if the number of layers of the building is high, resulting in a very deep foundation pit, the permanent retaining wall 5 can be replaced by a pile anchor support if necessary.
In this embodiment, the permanent retaining wall 5 is a gravity retaining wall with the bottom lower than the bottom of the foundation pit, the wall surface of the gravity retaining wall close to the foundation pit is a vertical surface, and the wall surface facing away from the foundation pit is inclined; the three side walls of the foundation pit are shallow, and the gravity type retaining wall can be used for retaining the wall, and the reverse slope is allowed to be laid because the supporting effect of the gravity type retaining wall is excessive, so that the excavation of the foundation pit is not interfered. The gravity type retaining wall is used here because it is simple in construction, has little influence on excavation and is constructed quickly, and if other types of retaining wall are used, the retaining effect is better, but is not suitable for the retaining wall of the foundation pit at all.
The wall surface of the permanent retaining wall 5, which is close to the foundation pit, is provided with the covered heightened wall, and the covered heightened wall is close to the wall surface of the foundation pit to form a stable trapezoid cross-section structure together with the gravity retaining wall for reverse slope release, so that the problem that the gravity retaining wall for reverse slope release cannot be used for a long time due to insufficient stability is solved. The covered heightened wall should be in place as soon as possible after the foundation pit excavation is completed.
The pile anchor supporting foundation pit pile row 41 is driven, then a pile top buffer table 3 is built on the ground surface behind the foundation pit pile row 41, the pile top buffer table 3 is a concrete platform with the surface lower than the top of the foundation pit pile row 41, and a drainage intercepting ditch 31 is arranged at the edge of the pile top buffer table 3 away from the foundation pit pile row 41;
The position of the pile-top buffer stage 3 is a position where water and various foreign matters flowing down on the side slope are concentrated, and therefore, in order to avoid falling down thereof, the pile-top buffer stage 3 and the intercepting drain 31 need to be provided.
Step three: excavating a foundation pit, constructing a prestressed anchor rod 42 and a waist beam which are supported by a pile anchor in the process of excavating, and constructing a permanent retaining wall 5; and the prestressed anchor rod 42 and the waist beam are subjected to corrosion prevention treatment; the design life of the prestressed anchor rods 42 and the waist beams is not less than that of the building main body, and the top of the permanent retaining wall 5 is higher than the adjacent ground outside the foundation pit, so that the soil falling from the surface outside the foundation pit is blocked.
Among the three main components in the pile anchor support, the foundation pit row pile 41 is a reinforced concrete structure, and can be used for a long time without special corrosion prevention, but the wale and the prestressed anchor rod 42 are needed. The wale here needs to be used for a long time, so that if a steel beam is selected, rust removal is required after construction and the wale is wrapped in concrete. The bolt also requires long use and, unlike the so-called "permanent bolt" which has a design life of more than two years, the prestressed bolt 42 of the present invention has a design life consistent with the construction body and therefore requires more complex means of corrosion protection.
Step four: constructing a main structure of the building;
Step five: constructing a facing wall 43 for blocking soil body collapse on the back surface of the foundation pit row pile 41 by abutting against the foundation pit row pile 41, wherein the top of the facing wall 43 is higher than the adjacent ground outside the foundation pit; leveling the land of the buffer belt, paving the buffer green belt 6, and constructing a gravity drainage structure which is communicated with adjacent drainage pipe networks under the slope by the buffer green belt 6;
The gravity drainage structure comprises a pit-side water collecting ditch arranged on the periphery of the buffer green belt 6, and the pit-side water collecting ditch is led to an adjacent drainage pipe network under the slope through a hidden pipe or a hidden ditch. The underdrain or underdrain should be as short and straight as possible to avoid clogging, and it should pass through the permanent retaining wall 5 and a small section of the formation on the shallowest side of the foundation pit to the adjacent drainage network under the slope.
In the conventional pile anchor support, mesh-hanging anchor-spraying concrete is hung between adjacent piles, but the weather resistance of the structure is poor, the structure can fail after a long time, and soil between the adjacent piles is gradually collapsed. With the consequent inability of the entire pile anchor support system to be maintained. The soil is protected here by a permanent facing wall 43, avoiding this problem.
Step six: and after the construction is finished, monitoring the deformation of the side slope.
According to different working conditions, the following method is adopted to ensure that the pile top buffer table 3 is stable:
Working condition 1: if the surface soil firmness of the original slope surface 1 below the pile top buffer table 3 is not lower than that of the second-class soil, backfilling and tamping the original slope surface 1 below the pile top buffer table 3 with backfill soil with the firmness not lower than that of the third-class soil until the compacted rammed soil is filled between the original slope surface 1 below the pile top buffer table 3 and the concrete of the pile top buffer table 3 before the construction of the pile top buffer table 3;
Working condition 2: if the surface soil of the original slope surface 1 below the pile top buffer table 3 is one type of soil, all the stratum below the pile top buffer table 3 and higher than the buffer green belt 6 is replaced by backfill soil with the solid degree not lower than three types of soil.
Meanwhile, the back of the pile anchor supporting and permanent retaining wall 5 is provided with a reverse filtering layer with the thickness of at least 300mm, no matter what working conditions.
One type of soil is the most soft soil, and even if the facing wall 43 and the reverse filter layer are protected, the soil gradually runs off, and because the facing wall 43 is inevitably provided with water discharge holes, the soil needs to be replaced and filled.
And step two, backfilling the side slope where the pile anchor supports are by backfilling soil with the solid degree not lower than three types of soil before the foundation pit pile 41 is driven to form a construction platform for driving the foundation pit pile 41, wherein the construction platform completely covers the position where the pile top buffer table 3 is located. The construction platform synchronously completes the replacement of the working condition 1 during construction.
If the surface soil of the original slope 1 below the pile top buffer table 3 is a type of soil, after the construction platform for driving the foundation pit pile 41 is laid, firstly, excavating a guide groove at the position of the foundation pit pile 41, wherein the bottom of the guide groove is not lower than the elevation of the adjacent buffer green belt 6, the distance between the groove wall behind the foundation pit pile 41 and the foundation pit pile 41 is not less than half a meter, and backfilling the guide groove with backfill soil with the solid degree not lower than three types of soil after driving the foundation pit pile 41 in the guide groove, thereby completing the replacement of the soil behind the foundation pit pile 41 and higher than the buffer green belt 6. This way of changing filling is of small construction and a large part of the work is consistent with the construction of the pit row 41.
In the construction process of the prestressed anchor rod 42, the following method is adopted for carrying out anti-corrosion treatment to prolong the design life:
the anchor head is sealed by fine stone concrete after rust removal and painting;
The steel strand rust removal and corrosion-resistant grease coating are wrapped in an oil-resistant hose, and openings at two ends of the oil-resistant hose are sealed through the corrosion-resistant grease; the problem of oil resistance (oil-resistant corrugated hose is adopted for the conventional steel strand rust prevention) is not considered in the conventional steel strand rust prevention process, so that the design life is limited. The corrosion-resistant grease in this example is a common grease (mechanical grease) and the oil-resistant hose is a PVC oil pipe.
In the grouting process of the prestressed anchor rod 42, no matter whether the stratum is a weak soil layer or not, secondary splitting grouting is performed to block the stratum gaps around the anchor holes.
Conventional secondary split grouting will be to ensure that the anchors in the weak soil layers are sufficiently stable. The purpose of secondary splitting grouting is to avoid water accumulation in the anchor hole, because the anti-corrosion means can gradually fail under the condition of water accumulation in the anchor hole in actual use. Thus, no matter what the stratum is, the secondary fracture grouting is needed.
The anchor rod is corrosion-proof and concretely comprises the following steps:
The anchor rod body is made of 1860 steel strands, a plastic pipe is inserted in the middle of the anchor rod body, and grouting and secondary grouting are carried out along the plastic pipe. The distance between the fixing brackets is 2.0 meters.
The free section steel strand is subjected to rust prevention treatment (ship priming is coated twice and butter is coated), then PVC oil pipes are sleeved for sealing, butter is filled in the length range of 100-200 mm at the two ends in the pipe, lead wires are used for binding the front section and the joint of the front section and the anchoring body, and an adhesive tape is used for winding and sealing. The anchor head is sealed by adopting fine stone concrete with a high grade by adopting a steel bar net cover after derusting and coating anti-corrosion paint for three degrees.
After drilling, the steel strand and the grouting pipe are immediately inserted into the hole, the grouting pipe is about 150mm away from the bottom of the hole, the grouting pipe adopts 1 inch plastic pipe as a guide pipe, grouting is carried out under normal pressure, the grouting material is pure cement slurry with the water-cement ratio of 0.5-0.55, and the cement is P.O 42.5.5 cement.
Prestress tensioning: and 3 days after grouting the anchor rod, the tissue is hung on the waist beam. And after the strength of the anchoring body reaches 15MPa and reaches more than 75% of the design strength, applying prestress according to the design requirement, tensioning the anchor rod and tightening the anchor head.
And step six, monitoring the time slope for at least two years by taking GB 50330-2013 as a monitoring standard after the engineering completion. Alarm conditions during construction and monitoring of slope engineering can be given according to the following conditions according to the 'technical Specification for construction slope engineering' (GB 50330-2013) 19.1.7:
1. The maximum horizontal displacement of the structural slope roof is greater than 1/500 or 20mm of the excavation depth, the horizontal displacement speed is continuously 3d and is greater than 2mm/d, the monitoring quantity of the anchor rod axial force is 5% of the number of the anchor rods, and when the anchor rod axial force is 50% lower than the locking value or 1.2 times higher than the locking value;
2. the accumulated sedimentation of adjacent buildings at the top of the slope, the uneven sedimentation of independent column bases and the overall inclination of raft foundation are larger than 80% of the allowable value or the structural design unit required value specified in the basic design Specification of building foundation (GB 50007), and the overall inclination change speed of the building is continuously 3d per day and is larger than 0.00008 or the structural design unit required value;
3. new cracks appear near the structures at the top of the slope, or the original cracks are newly developed;
4. The structures of the foundation pit row piles 41 and the like show damage signs such as deformation, cracks and the like;
5. abnormal signs such as cracks, subsidence, bulges and the like appear at the bottom of the side cape or on the soil around the side cape;
6. Other situations have occurred in which an alarm must be given.
The exposed surface of the foundation pit row pile 41 is completely wrapped in the facing wall 43, a water drain hole is formed in the wall surface of the facing wall 43, a drainage ditch is formed in the wall root, expansion joints are formed in the wall every 20 meters, and asphalt hemp threads are filled in the expansion joints;
the facing wall 43 is a rubble masonry wall or a clear water concrete slab wall, and when the facing wall 43 is a rubble masonry wall, a rubble gap is used as a water drain hole.
The clear water concrete slab wall is a reinforced concrete wall with the thickness of 200 mm. The wall body stress steel bar adopts HRB400 type, adopts mechanical connection, and is provided with S-shaped lacing wires. The wall body is provided with tie bars and the tie bars are planted in the foundation pit row piles 41 to enable the tie bars and the foundation pit row piles to be tied together, and the spacing between the tie bars and the tie bars is 500mm. The retaining plate wall is provided with water discharge holes, the vertical distance is 2.5m, and the retaining plate wall is upwards arranged from a position 200mm above the ground. The drain hole is inserted into the reverse filtering layer, and is made of PVC pipe with outer diameter of 100mm. The wall body is provided with expansion joints with the width of 2cm at intervals of 20m, and is filled with asphalt hemp threads.
The rubble masonry wall foundation and the wall body are built by adopting stone materials in mine sites, and M7.5 cement mortar is used for building. Paying off according to the positioning piles, paying off the foundation sidelines, building the foundation layer by layer after setting up foundation leather number poles, and marking the height of the backing table and the layered masonry on the leather number poles. The building method adopts a pulp squeezing method, and the rock material is firstly put in trial before building so as to match the size of the rock material. The rubble is built up and down with staggered joint, and the inside and outside are built up. One stone is arranged at a distance of not more than 2m, the positions of the upper and lower stones are staggered, and the elevation is built into a quincuncial shape. The layered masonry height is 50-60 cm, and the daily masonry height is controlled within 1.2 m. A deformation joint is arranged on each rubble masonry wall at intervals of 10-20m, and a settlement joint is arranged at the lithology change position of the foundation, the high abrupt change position of the wall and the connection position of the wall and other buildings/structures. The width of the deformed seam is 20-30mm, and the inner edge of the seam is internally filled with asphalt hemp along the inner, outer and top three sides of the wall.
The foundation pit is positioned between the mountain-coiled highway and the highway at the bottom of the slope.
The roadbeds of the mountain-coiled highway and the highway at the bottom of the slope are all provided with supporting structures, so that the foundation of the building can be further stabilized, and meanwhile, the traffic is convenient.
The above examples are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A temporary slope building construction method for a slope easy to be degraded is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: planning foundation pit and building peripheral structures of a slope-facing building, wherein the foundation pit and the building peripheral structures meet the following conditions:
Condition 1: a buffer belt is reserved between the building outline (2) and the side wall of the foundation pit, after the building construction is completed, the surface of the buffer belt is used as a green belt and is marked as a buffer green belt (6), and the elevation of the buffer green belt (6) is lower than the elevation of the adjacent ground outside the foundation pit and is used for avoiding the soil degraded at the periphery of the foundation pit from polluting the building;
Condition 2: the bottom of the foundation pit is all positioned above the underground water line;
condition 3: the buffer green belt (6) is higher than the inlet of the adjacent drainage pipe network under the slope, and the height difference meets the gravity drainage requirement;
Step two: in the supporting of a foundation pit, a supporting structure of the side wall of the foundation pit close to the slope top is a pile anchor supporting structure, supporting structures at other positions are permanent retaining walls (5), a foundation pit row pile (41) supported by the pile anchor supporting structure is driven, then a pile top buffer table (3) is built on the ground surface behind the foundation pit row pile (41), the pile top buffer table (3) is a concrete platform with the surface lower than the top of the foundation pit row pile (41), and a drainage intercepting ditch (31) is arranged at the edge of the pile top buffer table (3) far away from the foundation pit row pile (41);
Step three: excavating a foundation pit, constructing a prestressed anchor rod (42) and a waist beam which are supported by a pile anchor in the process of excavating, and constructing a permanent retaining wall (5); and carrying out anti-corrosion treatment on the prestressed anchor rod (42) and the waist beam; the design life of the prestressed anchor rods (42) and the waist beams is not less than that of the building main body, and the top of the retaining wall is higher than the adjacent ground outside the foundation pit;
Step four: constructing a main structure of the building;
Step five: constructing a facing wall (43) for blocking soil body collapse on the back surface of the foundation pit row pile (41) by abutting against the foundation pit row pile (41), wherein the top of the facing wall (43) is higher than the adjacent ground outside the foundation pit; leveling the land of the buffer belt, paving the buffer green belt (6), and constructing a gravity drainage structure leading from the buffer green belt (6) to an adjacent drainage pipe network under the slope;
Step six: and after the construction is finished, monitoring the deformation of the side slope.
2. The method for temporary slope construction of an easily degraded slope according to claim 1, wherein: according to different working conditions, the following method is adopted to ensure that the pile top buffer table (3) is stable:
working condition 1: if the surface soil firmness of the original slope surface (1) below the pile top buffer table (3) is not lower than that of the second-class soil, backfilling soil with the firmness not lower than that of the third-class soil is used for backfilling and tamping the original slope surface (1) below the pile top buffer table (3) before the construction of the pile top buffer table (3) until the compacted rammed soil is filled between the original slope surface (1) below the pile top buffer table (3) and the concrete of the pile top buffer table (3);
Working condition 2: if the surface soil of the original slope surface (1) below the pile top buffer table (3) is one type of soil, all the stratum below the pile top buffer table (3) and higher than the buffer green belt (6) is replaced by backfill soil with the solid degree not lower than three types of soil.
3. The method for temporary slope construction of an easily degraded slope according to claim 2, wherein: and step two, backfilling the side slope where the pile anchor supports are positioned by backfilling soil with the solid degree not lower than three types of soil before the foundation pit row piles (41) are driven to form a construction platform for driving the foundation pit row piles (41), wherein the construction platform completely covers the positions where the pile top buffer tables (3) are positioned.
4. A slope facing construction method for an easily degraded slope according to claim 3, characterized in that: if the surface soil of the original slope surface (1) below the pile top buffer table (3) is soil, after the construction platform for driving the foundation pit pile (41) is paved, firstly excavating a guide groove at the position of the foundation pit pile (41), wherein the bottom of the guide groove is not lower than the elevation of an adjacent buffer green belt (6) and the distance between the groove wall behind the foundation pit pile (41) and the foundation pit pile (41) is not less than half a meter, and after the foundation pit pile (41) is driven in the guide groove, backfilling the guide groove with backfilling soil with the solid degree not lower than three types of soil to finish the replacement of the soil behind the foundation pit pile (41) higher than the buffer green belt (6).
5. The method for temporary slope construction of an easily degraded slope according to claim 1, wherein: in the construction process of the prestressed anchor rod (42), the following method is adopted for carrying out anti-corrosion treatment to prolong the design life:
the anchor head is sealed by fine stone concrete after rust removal and painting;
the steel strand rust removal and corrosion-resistant grease coating are wrapped in an oil-resistant hose, and openings at two ends of the oil-resistant hose are sealed through the corrosion-resistant grease;
In the grouting process of the prestressed anchor rod (42), the stratum gap around the anchor hole is blocked by secondary splitting grouting no matter whether the stratum is a weak soil layer or not.
6. The method for temporary slope construction of an easily degraded slope according to claim 1, wherein: and step six, monitoring the time slope for at least two years by taking GB 50330-2013 as a monitoring standard after the engineering completion.
7. The method for temporary slope construction of an easily degraded slope according to claim 1, wherein: the back of the pile anchor supporting and permanent retaining wall (5) is provided with a reverse filtering layer with the thickness of at least 300mm, the exposed surface of the foundation pit pile (41) is completely wrapped in the protective wall (43), the wall surface of the protective wall (43) is provided with a water discharge hole, the wall root is provided with a drainage ditch, the wall is provided with expansion joints every 20 meters, and asphalt hemp threads are filled in the expansion joints;
the facing wall (43) is a rubble masonry wall or a clear water concrete slab wall, and when the facing wall (43) is a rubble masonry wall, a rubble gap is used as a water discharge hole.
8. The method for temporary slope construction of an easily degraded slope according to claim 1, wherein: the foundation pit is positioned between the mountain-coiled highway and the highway at the bottom of the slope.
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