CN118064812B - Aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material and injection molding preparation process - Google Patents

Aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material and injection molding preparation process Download PDF

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CN118064812B
CN118064812B CN202410471727.1A CN202410471727A CN118064812B CN 118064812 B CN118064812 B CN 118064812B CN 202410471727 A CN202410471727 A CN 202410471727A CN 118064812 B CN118064812 B CN 118064812B
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aluminum
silicon carbide
whisker
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powder
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CN118064812A (en
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李阳
唐雨桐
吴廷光
罗伟
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Guangzhou Zhongshan Functional Materials Co ltd
Guangzhou Zhongshan Precision Technology Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
    • C22C49/04—Light metals
    • C22C49/06—Aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B22F1/103—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing an organic binding agent comprising a mixture of, or obtained by reaction of, two or more components other than a solvent or a lubricating agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/04—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by coating, e.g. with a protective or activated covering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/14—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by powder metallurgy, i.e. by processing mixtures of metal powder and fibres or filaments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments

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Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of preparation of aluminum-based silicon carbide composite materials, in particular to an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material and an injection molding preparation process. An aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material is mainly prepared from 80-90 parts of aluminum-based composite powder and 10-20 parts of binder; the aluminum-based composite powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 1-5% of carbon nano tube, 20-40% of silicon carbide powder, 5-10% of nano carbon fiber, 0.5-1.0% of composite whisker and the balance of aluminum alloy powder. The aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material prepared by the injection molding preparation process provided by the application meets the requirement of producing structural members with relatively complex structure, and meanwhile, the prepared aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material has good compactness, uniformity, wear resistance, mechanical strength and corrosion resistance.

Description

Aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material and injection molding preparation process
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of preparation of aluminum-based silicon carbide composite materials, in particular to an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material and an injection molding preparation process.
Background
The silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material is a high-performance aluminum-based composite material prepared by taking silicon carbide particles as a reinforcing phase and taking aluminum or aluminum alloy as a matrix through a powder metallurgy process, has the characteristics of low density and price cost, good high-temperature performance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, high specific strength and elastic modulus and the like, and has been widely applied to various fields of aerospace, electronics, automobiles and the like.
At present, the silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material is prepared into an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite cast ingot by adopting a conventional cold isostatic pressing-sintering process, and then the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite cast ingot is subjected to compression molding and heat treatment to prepare a special-shaped piece with an ideal structure. However, the cold isostatic pressing-sintering, compression molding and heat treatment processes for manufacturing the special-shaped piece are relatively complex in production cost and cannot produce structural members with relatively complex structures.
The aluminum-based silicon carbide injection molding process can meet the requirement of producing a structural member with relatively complex anisotropy, but the structural member with the opposite anisotropy prepared by the aluminum-based silicon carbide injection molding process also has the following problems: in the injection molding process, due to the complexity and high viscosity of the material, the uniformity of the material is possibly difficult to control, the condition of uneven local concentration occurs, and the integral mechanical strength and toughness are affected; in addition, in the injection molding process, defects such as bubbles, hot cracks and the like may occur, so that the surface quality and the mechanical strength of the molded part cannot meet the requirements.
Aiming at the injection molding process of the aluminum-based silicon carbide in the related art, the inventor provides an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material and an injection molding preparation process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material and an injection molding preparation process.
The application provides an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, which is realized by the following technical scheme:
An aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material is mainly prepared from 80-90 parts of aluminum-based composite powder and 10-20 parts of binder; the aluminum-based composite powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 1-5% of carbon nano tube, 20-40% of silicon carbide powder, 5-10% of nano carbon fiber, 0.5-1.0% of composite whisker and the balance of aluminum alloy powder; the composite whisker comprises at least one of silicon carbide whisker, zinc oxide whisker, potassium titanate whisker, titanium carbide whisker and titanium diboride whisker; the adhesive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 84-88 parts of polyoxymethylene, 6-8 parts of polyolefin skeleton agent, 2-5 parts of EVA resin, 1-3 parts of lubricant EBS, 1-3 parts of zinc stearate, 0.5-2 parts of coupling agent, 0.5-1 part of antioxidant and 0.5-1 part of heat stabilizer; the polyolefin backbone agent comprises at least one of PP, HDPE, PS, PE; the coupling agent is at least one of epoxy silane, methacryloxy silane and titanate coupling agent; the antioxidant is at least one of antioxidant B900, TBHQ and DLTP; the heat stabilizer is diethyl tin dithiosuccinate.
The aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material prepared by the injection molding preparation process provided by the application meets the requirement of producing structural members with relatively complex structure, and meanwhile, the prepared aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material has good compactness, uniformity, wear resistance, mechanical strength and corrosion resistance.
Preferably, the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material is made of 86-90 parts of aluminum-based composite powder and 10-14 parts of binder.
Preferably, the aluminum-based composite powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 3-4% of carbon nano tube, 32-36% of silicon carbide powder, 6-8% of nano carbon fiber, 0.6-0.8% of composite whisker and the balance of 6061 aluminum alloy powder; the composite whisker consists of zinc oxide whisker, potassium titanate whisker and titanium carbide whisker.
Preferably, the composite whisker consists of zinc oxide whisker, potassium titanate whisker and titanium carbide whisker in the mass ratio of (0.5-1) (0.5-2).
Preferably, the composite whisker consists of zinc oxide whisker, potassium titanate whisker and titanium carbide whisker in the mass ratio of 1:1:3.
By adopting the technical scheme, the comprehensive performance of the prepared aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material can be further improved.
Preferably, the silicon carbide powder is surface modified silicon carbide powder, and the surface modified silicon carbide powder comprises superfine silicon carbide powder and multi-wall carbon nanotubes grafted on the surface of the superfine silicon carbide powder; the nano carbon fiber is a surface modified nano carbon fiber, the surface modified nano carbon fiber comprises a nano carbon fiber carrier and nano metal clusters grafted on the surface of the nano carbon fiber carrier, and the nano metal clusters are at least one of nano aluminum metal clusters, metal nickel nano clusters, nano copper metal clusters, nano magnesium metal clusters, nano titanium metal clusters and nano silver metal clusters; the carbon nanotube is a surface modified carbon nanotube, the surface modified carbon nanotube comprises a carbon nanotube matrix and interface modified particles A compounded on the surface of the carbon nanotube, the interface modified particles A are nano metal clusters or single-atomic-level transition metals, and the nano metal clusters are at least one of nano aluminum metal clusters, metal nickel nano clusters, nano copper metal clusters, nano magnesium metal clusters, nano titanium metal clusters and nano silver metal clusters; the single atomic level transition metal is at least one of aluminum Al, magnesium Mg, titanium Ti, copper Cu and silver Ag; the composite whisker is a surface modified composite whisker, the surface modified composite whisker comprises a composite whisker carrier and interface modified particles B fixed on the surface of the composite whisker carrier, the interface modified particles B are nano metal clusters or single-atomic-level transition metals, and the nano metal clusters are at least one of metal aluminum nanoclusters, metal nickel nanoclusters, metal copper nanoclusters, metal silver nanoclusters, metal magnesium nanoclusters and metal titanium nanoclusters; the single atomic level transition metal is at least one of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, copper and silver.
Preferably, the multiwall carbon nanotube is a surface modified multiwall carbon nanotube, the surface modified multiwall carbon nanotube comprises a multiwall carbon nanotube substrate and interface modified particles C compounded on the surface of the multiwall carbon nanotube, the interface modified particles C are single-atomic-level transition metals, and the single-atomic-level transition metals are at least one of aluminum Al, magnesium Mg, titanium Ti, copper Cu and silver Ag.
By adopting the technical scheme, the interface compatibility of the carbon nano tube, the silicon carbide powder, the nano carbon fiber, the composite whisker and the aluminum alloy substrate is improved, the particle size of the prepared aluminum-based composite powder is reduced, the aluminum-based composite powder with high tap density is obtained, and further the compactness, uniformity, wear resistance, mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material are improved.
Preferably, the binder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 86-88 parts of polyoxymethylene, 6-8 parts of HDPE resin, 4-5 parts of EVA resin, 1.5-3 parts of lubricant EBS, 1.5-3 parts of zinc stearate, 0.5-1 part of gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethyl silane KH570, 0.2-0.5 part of titanate coupling agent KR 34S, 0.5-1 part of antioxidant B900 and 0.2-0.5 part of diethyl tin dithiosuccinate.
The injection molding preparation process of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material provided by the application is realized by the following technical scheme:
an injection molding preparation process of an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material comprises the following steps:
Step one, preparing aluminum-based composite powder: mixing carbon nano tube, silicon carbide powder, nano carbon fiber, composite whisker and aluminum alloy powder, and ball milling for 10-30min at 80-200rpm/min to obtain mixed alloy powder, wherein the obtained mixed alloy powder is prepared into aluminum-based composite powder by an aerosol method, D 50 of the aluminum-based composite powder is 5-30 microns, and tap density is greater than 1.8g/cm < 3 >;
Step two, preparing a binder: placing polyoxymethylene, polyolefin skeleton agent, EVA resin, lubricant EBS, zinc stearate, coupling agent, antioxidant and heat stabilizer in a high-speed stirring kettle, and mixing at 400-600rpm/min for 10-30 min;
step three, weighing the aluminum-based composite powder in the step one and the binder in the step two according to a proportion, adding the weighed aluminum-based composite powder into a high-speed mixer, and mixing the weighed aluminum-based composite powder and the binder in the step two at the temperature of 160-200 ℃ at the speed of 10-40rpm/min for 120-150min to obtain a feed;
extruding, granulating and vacuum drying the obtained feed to obtain alloy granules;
placing the obtained alloy granules in an injection molding machine, and performing injection molding and cooling to obtain a blank;
Step six, degreasing the blank, namely cleaning the blank with nitrogen, then introducing oxalic acid, wherein the acid inlet amount of the oxalic acid is 2-5g/min, and degreasing the blank at 100-125 ℃ for 3-10 h;
And seventhly, performing thermal degreasing, sintering, hot isostatic pressing treatment and heat treatment to obtain a finished aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material product.
The preparation method is relatively simple, has low operation difficulty and is convenient for realizing industrial production and manufacture.
Preferably, the thermal degreasing and sintering process in the step seven is specifically as follows: adjusting the concentration of the mixed atmosphere and the concentration of hydrogen: 80-90% of nitrogen concentration: 10-20%, heating from room temperature to 180 ℃ at 0.5-1 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2-4h; heating from 180 ℃ to 300 ℃ at 1-2 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2-4h; adjusting the concentration of the mixed atmosphere and the concentration of nitrogen: 80-90%, hydrogen concentration: 10-20%, heating from 300 ℃ to 480 ℃ at 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2-4h, heating from 480 ℃ to 600 ℃ at 2-4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2-4h, entering a cooling stage, and adjusting the concentration of the mixed atmosphere and the concentration of nitrogen: 100%, cooling from 600 ℃ to 450 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10-15min, cooling from 450 ℃ to 200 ℃ at a cooling rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and opening the furnace for natural cooling.
Preferably, the hot isostatic pressing treatment parameters in the step seven are as follows: the pressure is 100-200MPa, the sintering temperature is 400-450 ℃ and the sintering time is 0.5-1h.
By adopting the technical scheme, the comprehensive performance and the quality stability of the prepared aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material can be ensured.
In summary, the application has the following advantages:
1. the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material prepared by the injection molding preparation process provided by the application meets the requirement of producing structural members with relatively complex structure, and meanwhile, the prepared aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material has good compactness, uniformity, wear resistance, mechanical strength and corrosion resistance.
2. According to the application, the carbon nano tube, the silicon carbide powder, the nano carbon fiber and the composite whisker are subjected to surface modification, so that the surface modification has better interface compatibility with an aluminum alloy substrate, and further the compactness, uniformity, wear resistance, mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material are improved.
3. The preparation method provided by the application is relatively simple, has relatively low implementation and operation difficulty, and is convenient for realizing industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the feed in step three of the process for preparing an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material of example 1 of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of alloy pellets in a fourth process step of preparing an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to example 1 of the present application.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the examples, but it should be understood that these descriptions are merely intended to illustrate further features and advantages of the invention and are not limiting of the invention claims. Those skilled in the art can, with the benefit of this disclosure, suitably modify the process parameters to achieve this.
It is expressly noted that all such similar substitutions and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and are deemed to be included within the present invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art that variations and modifications can be made in the methods and applications described herein, and in the practice and application of the techniques of this invention, without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. While the following terms are believed to be well understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, the following definitions are set forth to aid in the description of the presently disclosed subject matter.
Examples
An aluminium-base silicon carbide composite material is prepared from aluminium-base composite powder (80-90 wt.%) and adhesive (10-20 wt.%). Preferably, the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite is made of 86-90 parts of aluminum-based composite powder and 10-14 parts of binder.
The aluminum-based composite powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 1-5% of carbon nano tube, 20-40% of silicon carbide powder, 5-10% of nano carbon fiber, 0.5-1.0% of composite whisker and the balance of aluminum alloy powder.
Preferably, the aluminum-based composite powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 3-4% of carbon nano tube, 32-36% of silicon carbide powder, 6-8% of nano carbon fiber, 0.6-0.8% of composite whisker and the balance of 6061 aluminum alloy powder; the composite whisker consists of zinc oxide whisker, potassium titanate whisker and titanium carbide whisker. The composite whisker comprises at least one of silicon carbide whisker, zinc oxide whisker, potassium titanate whisker, titanium carbide whisker and titanium diboride whisker.
Preferably, the composite whisker consists of zinc oxide whisker, potassium titanate whisker and titanium carbide whisker in the mass ratio of (0.5-1): (0.5-2): (0.5-2). Further preferably, the composite whisker consists of zinc oxide whisker, potassium titanate whisker and titanium carbide whisker in the mass ratio of 1:1:3.
The silicon carbide powder is surface modified silicon carbide powder, and the surface modified silicon carbide powder comprises superfine silicon carbide powder and multi-wall carbon nanotubes grafted on the surface of the superfine silicon carbide powder. Preferably, the multiwall carbon nanotube is a surface modified multiwall carbon nanotube, the surface modified multiwall carbon nanotube comprises a multiwall carbon nanotube matrix and interface modified particles C compounded on the surface of the multiwall carbon nanotube, the interface modified particles C are single-atomic-level transition metals, and the single-atomic-level transition metals are at least one of aluminum Al, magnesium Mg, titanium Ti, copper Cu and silver Ag.
The nano carbon fiber is a surface modified nano carbon fiber, and the surface modified nano carbon fiber comprises a nano carbon fiber carrier and nano metal clusters grafted on the surface of the nano carbon fiber carrier, wherein the nano metal clusters are at least one of nano aluminum metal clusters, metal nickel nano clusters, nano copper metal clusters, nano magnesium metal clusters, nano titanium metal clusters and nano silver metal clusters.
The carbon nanotube is a surface modified carbon nanotube, and comprises a carbon nanotube matrix and interface modified particles A compounded on the surface of the carbon nanotube, wherein the interface modified particles A are nano metal clusters or single-atomic-level transition metals, and the nano metal clusters are at least one of nano aluminum metal clusters, metal nickel nano clusters, nano copper metal clusters, nano magnesium metal clusters, nano titanium metal clusters and nano silver metal clusters; the single atomic level transition metal is at least one of aluminum Al, magnesium Mg, titanium Ti, copper Cu and silver Ag.
The composite whisker is a surface modified composite whisker, the surface modified composite whisker comprises a composite whisker carrier and interface modified particles B fixed on the surface of the composite whisker carrier, the interface modified particles B are nano metal clusters or single-atomic-level transition metals, and the nano metal clusters are at least one of metal aluminum nanoclusters, metal nickel nanoclusters, metal copper nanoclusters, metal silver nanoclusters, metal magnesium nanoclusters and metal titanium nanoclusters; the single atomic level transition metal is at least one of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, copper and silver.
The adhesive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 84-88 parts of polyoxymethylene, 6-8 parts of polyolefin skeleton agent, 2-5 parts of EVA resin, 1-3 parts of lubricant EBS, 1-3 parts of zinc stearate, 0.5-2 parts of coupling agent, 0.5-1 part of antioxidant and 0.5-1 part of heat stabilizer; the polyolefin backbone agent comprises at least one of PP, HDPE, PS, PE; the coupling agent is at least one of epoxy silane, methacryloxy silane and titanate coupling agent; the antioxidant is at least one of antioxidant B900, TBHQ and DLTP; the heat stabilizer is diethyl tin dithiosuccinate.
Preferably, the binder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 86-88 parts of polyoxymethylene, 6-8 parts of HDPE resin, 4-5 parts of EVA resin, 1.5-3 parts of lubricant EBS, 1.5-3 parts of zinc stearate, 0.5-1 part of gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethyl silane KH570, 0.2-0.5 part of titanate coupling agent KR 34S, 0.5-1 part of antioxidant B900 and 0.2-0.5 part of diethyl tin dithiosuccinate.
The preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material comprises the following steps:
Step one, preparing aluminum-based composite powder: mixing carbon nano tube, silicon carbide powder, nano carbon fiber, composite whisker and aluminum alloy powder, and ball milling for 10-30min at 80-200rpm/min to obtain mixed alloy powder, wherein the obtained mixed alloy powder is prepared into aluminum-based composite powder by an aerosol method, D 50 of the aluminum-based composite powder is 5-30 microns, and tap density is greater than 1.8g/cm 3;
Step two, preparing a binder: placing polyoxymethylene, polyolefin skeleton agent, EVA resin, lubricant EBS, zinc stearate, coupling agent, antioxidant and heat stabilizer in a high-speed stirring kettle, and mixing at 400-600rpm/min for 10-30 min;
step three, weighing the aluminum-based composite powder in the step one and the binder in the step two according to a proportion, adding the weighed aluminum-based composite powder into a high-speed mixer, and mixing the weighed aluminum-based composite powder and the binder in the step two at the temperature of 160-200 ℃ at the speed of 10-40rpm/min for 120-150min to obtain a feed;
extruding, granulating and vacuum drying the obtained feed to obtain alloy granules;
placing the obtained alloy granules in an injection molding machine, and performing injection molding and cooling to obtain a blank;
Step six, degreasing the blank, namely cleaning the blank with nitrogen, then introducing oxalic acid, wherein the acid inlet amount of the oxalic acid is 2-5g/min, and degreasing the blank at 100-125 ℃ for 3-10 h;
Step seven, thermal degreasing, sintering, hot isostatic pressing treatment and heat treatment, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: adjusting the concentration of the mixed atmosphere and the concentration of hydrogen: 80-90% of nitrogen concentration: 10-20%, heating from room temperature to 180 ℃ at 0.5-1 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2-4h; heating from 180 ℃ to 300 ℃ at 1-2 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2-4 hours to finish thermal degreasing; sintering, and adjusting the concentration of the mixed atmosphere and the concentration of nitrogen: 80-90%, hydrogen concentration: 10-20%, heating from 300 ℃ to 480 ℃ at 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2-4h, heating from 480 ℃ to 600 ℃ at 2-4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2-4h, entering a cooling stage, and adjusting the concentration of the mixed atmosphere and the concentration of nitrogen: 100%, cooling from 600 ℃ to 450 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10-15min, cooling from 450 ℃ to 200 ℃ at a cooling rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and opening a furnace for natural cooling, wherein the parameters of hot isostatic pressing treatment are as follows: the pressure is 100-200MPa, the sintering temperature is 400-450 ℃, and the sintering time is 0.5-1h, so that the finished aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material product is obtained.
Example 1: an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material is prepared from 88 parts of aluminum-based composite powder and 12 parts of binder.
The aluminum-based composite powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 3% of carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, model: TNMH0, manufactured by Chemie Co., ltd., china academy of sciences), 32% of silicon carbide powder (alpha ultrafine high purity nano silicon carbide powder with an average particle size of 1-3 microns, which is manufactured by Ningbo Bei Gaer New material Co., ltd., CAS:409-21-2, density of 3.25 g/cm), 7% of carbon nanofibers (VGCF, CAS:308068-56-6, length 10-20UM, fiber diameter 150-200 nm), 0.2% of zinc oxide whiskers (tetrapod nano zinc oxide whiskers, guangzhou Jikang New material Co., ltd., CAS:1314-13-2, diameter 0.5-5UM length 10-50 UM), 0.3% of potassium titanate (large-scale potassium titanate whisker TSMO, size 0.2UM, guangdong east titanium carbide whisker (Otsuki, inc.) and 0.2% of titanium carbide whisker (diameter: 60 UM, diameter: 15-60 UM, diameter: 0.5 UM, alloy diameter: 60 UM, diameter: 0.15 UM, diameter: 0.60 UM, alloy diameter: 0.60 UM, diameter: 0.5 UM, diameter: 0.60 UM, alloy diameter: 3, alloy diameter). The adhesive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 81 parts of polyoxymethylene (F20-03, general grade), 7.5 parts of HDPE resin (Dow DGDA-2485 NT, injection molding grade), 4 parts of EVA resin (30E 783 maleic anhydride grafted EVA, molding grade), 2 parts of lubricant EBS (CAS: 110-30-5), 3 parts of zinc stearate, 0.8 part of gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethyl silane KH570, 0.2 part of titanate coupling agent KR 34S, 0.8 part of antioxidant B900, 0.45 part of diethyl tin dithiosuccinate.
The preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material comprises the following steps:
Step one, preparing aluminum-based composite powder: mixing carbon nano tube, silicon carbide powder, nano carbon fiber, composite whisker and aluminum alloy powder, and ball milling for 30min at 120rpm/min to obtain mixed alloy powder, wherein the obtained mixed alloy powder is prepared into aluminum-based composite powder by an aerosol method, D 50 of the aluminum-based composite powder is 27.9 microns, and tap density is 1.92g/cm 3;
Step two, preparing a binder: placing polyoxymethylene, HDPE, EVA resin, lubricant EBS, zinc stearate, gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethyl silane KH570, titanate coupling agent KR 34S, antioxidant B900 and diethyl tin dithiosuccinate in a high-speed stirring kettle, and mixing at 500rpm/min for 20min to obtain a binder;
Step three, weighing the aluminum-based composite powder in the step one and the binder in the step two according to a proportion, adding the weighed aluminum-based composite powder and the binder in the step two into a high-speed mixer, and mixing the mixture at 188 ℃ for 120min at 25rpm/min to obtain a feed, wherein the feed is shown in fig. 1;
Step four, the obtained feed is placed in an extruder for extrusion, granulation and vacuum drying, and the parameters of vacuum drying are as follows: controlling the pressure at 90 ℃ and 0.01-0.1Pa, and vacuum drying for 2h to obtain alloy granules with the particle size of 3-5mm, see figure 2;
step five, placing the obtained alloy granules into an injection molding machine for injection molding, wherein the injection temperature is 185 ℃, the injection pressure is 78MPa, the injection speed is 65mm/s, the injection mold temperature is 80 ℃, and cooling is carried out to obtain a blank;
step six, degreasing the blank, namely cleaning the blank with nitrogen, then introducing oxalic acid, wherein the acid inlet amount of the oxalic acid is 3.6g/min, and heating to 120 ℃ at 5 ℃/min for 8 hours for degreasing;
Step seven, thermal degreasing, sintering, hot isostatic pressing treatment and heat treatment, wherein the sintering solid solution process comprises the following steps: adjusting the concentration of the mixed atmosphere, the concentration of hydrogen is 80 percent, the concentration of nitrogen is 20 percent, and heating the mixture from room temperature to 180 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃ per minute and preserving the heat for 2 hours; heating from 180 ℃ to 300 ℃ at 2 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 4 hours to finish thermal degreasing; sintering, namely adjusting the concentration of the mixed atmosphere, namely adjusting the concentration of the hydrogen to 20 percent, the concentration of the nitrogen to 80 percent, heating the mixture from 300 ℃ to 480 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 4 hours, heating the mixture from 480 ℃ to 600 ℃ at 2 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 3 hours, entering a cooling stage, adjusting the concentration of the mixed atmosphere, adjusting the concentration of the nitrogen to 100 percent, cooling the mixture from 600 ℃ to 450 ℃ at a cooling rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 15 minutes, cooling the mixture from 450 ℃ to 200 ℃ at a cooling rate of 10 ℃/min, opening the furnace, naturally cooling the mixture to room temperature, and carrying out hot isostatic pressing after the sintering process is completed: the molding temperature is 440 ℃, the molding speed is 5mm/s, the molding is pressed for 300s by 10MPa/s to 180MPa, the pressure is reduced to 100MPa by 20MPa/s, the pressure is reduced to 0MPa by 5MPa/s, the heat treatment is carried out after the hot isostatic pressing is finished, the temperature is increased to 480 ℃ at 25 ℃/min, the heat is preserved for 30min, and the quenching operation is repeated for three times after the water quenching is carried out to room temperature; aging treatment is carried out after quenching treatment is completed, and aging treatment parameters are as follows: heating to 185 ℃ at 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 120min, opening a furnace, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a finished aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material product.
Example 2 differs from example 1 in that: the carbon nanotubes are replaced by surface modified carbon nanotubes, and the specific preparation method is as follows: dissolving 1.8g of aluminum nitrate nonahydrate and 0.8g of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate in 150mL of distilled water, magnetically stirring at 160rpm/min for 20min, adding 5g of aminated multi-wall carbon nano tubes, magnetically stirring at 160rpm/min for 15min, adding ammonia water with the concentration of 5wt% until Al and Mg are completely precipitated, magnetically stirring at 160rpm/min for 1h, and standing for 24h to obtain Mg (OH) 2+Al(OH)3/MWNT binary colloid; and secondly, washing the prepared binary colloid for three times by using distilled water, performing suction filtration to obtain solid powder, placing the obtained solid powder in a vacuum drying oven, drying at 125 ℃ for 12 hours, calcining in a transposed atmosphere tube furnace, heating to 365 ℃ at 10 ℃/min under an air atmosphere, calcining for 1 hour, heating to 600 ℃ at 20 ℃/min, calcining for 4 hours to obtain MgO+Al 2O3/MWNT composite powder, introducing hydrogen-argon mixed gas into the atmosphere tube furnace, reducing and reacting for 4 hours at 600 ℃ while maintaining the volume ratio of hydrogen to argon at 1:4, opening the furnace, naturally cooling to room temperature, placing in a planetary ball mill, ball milling for 30 minutes by taking zirconium oxide as a grinding ball at 80rpm/min, and obtaining the multi-wall carbon nano tube with the nano aluminum+magnesium metal clusters doped on the surface. In the first step of the preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, aluminum-based composite powder is prepared: mixing surface modified carbon nano tube, silicon carbide powder, nano carbon fiber, composite whisker and aluminum alloy powder, and ball milling for 30min at 120rpm/min to obtain mixed alloy powder, wherein the obtained mixed alloy powder is prepared into aluminum-based composite powder by an aerosol method, D 50 of the aluminum-based composite powder is 16.5 microns, and tap density is 2.23g/cm 3.
Example 3 differs from example 2 in that: the carbon nanofiber is replaced by a surface modified carbon nanofiber, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps: s1, dissolving 2.0g of aluminum nitrate nonahydrate in 100mL of distilled water, magnetically stirring at 160rpm/min for 20min, adding 5g of nano carbon fiber (nano carbon fiber VGCF selected from Zhongkehong (Beijing) technology limited company, CAS:308068-56-6, length 10-20um and fiber diameter 150-200 nm), magnetically stirring at 160rpm/min for 15min, adding ammonia water with concentration of 5wt%, magnetically stirring at 160rpm/min for 1.0h until Al is completely precipitated, and standing for 24h to obtain Al (OH) 3/nano carbon fiber binary colloid; s2, washing the prepared binary colloid for three times by using distilled water, performing suction filtration to obtain solid powder, placing the obtained solid powder in a vacuum drying oven, drying at 125 ℃ for 12 hours, calcining in a transposed atmosphere tube furnace, heating to 600 ℃ at 20 ℃/min under the air atmosphere, calcining for 4.0 hours to obtain Al 2O3/nano carbon fiber composite powder, introducing hydrogen-argon mixed gas into the atmosphere tube furnace, reducing the hydrogen-argon mixed gas at the volume ratio of 1:4 and the argon at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 4.0 hours, opening the furnace, naturally cooling to room temperature, placing in a planetary ball mill, taking zirconia as a grinding ball, and performing ball milling for 30 minutes at the rotating speed of 80rpm/min to obtain the nano carbon fiber with the surface doped with nano aluminum metal clusters. In the first step of the preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, aluminum-based composite powder is prepared: mixing surface modified carbon nano tube, silicon carbide powder, nano carbon fiber, composite whisker and aluminum alloy powder, and ball milling for 30min at 120rpm/min to obtain mixed alloy powder, wherein the obtained mixed alloy powder is prepared into aluminum-based composite powder by an aerosol method, D 50 of the aluminum-based composite powder is 14.2 microns, and tap density is 2.31g/cm 3.
Example 4 differs from example 3 in that: the silicon carbide powder is surface modified silicon carbide powder, and the specific preparation method is as follows: adding 2.2g of 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole 2E4MI and 1.67g of silver acetate AgAc into 530g of dichloromethane at room temperature, magnetically stirring at 200rpm/min for 120min to obtain a clear and transparent Ag (2E 4 MI) 2Ac complex solution, adding 5.0g of the surface modified multi-walled carbon nanotube prepared in the example 2 and 5.0g of polyvinylpyrrolidone into the prepared Ag (2E 4 MI) 2Ac complex solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion (ultrasonic frequency 44kHz, ultrasonic power 1200W) for 5h, adding 40g of superfine silicon carbide powder with the particle size of 1-3 microns, and continuing ultrasonic dispersion for 60min to obtain a dispersion; step two, the obtained dispersion liquid is distilled under reduced pressure to remove dichloromethane in Ag (2E 4 MI) 2Ac complex solution to obtain a solid; step three, performing high-temperature sintering treatment on the obtained solid, and sintering at 215 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain a blocky solid; and fourthly, carrying out jet milling treatment on the massive solid matters to obtain the surface aluminum nanocluster modified silicon carbide powder with the average particle size of 1-8 mu m. In the first step of the preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, aluminum-based composite powder is prepared: mixing surface modified carbon nano tube, silicon carbide powder, nano carbon fiber, composite whisker and aluminum alloy powder, and ball milling for 30min at 120rpm/min to obtain mixed alloy powder, wherein the obtained mixed alloy powder is prepared into aluminum-based composite powder by an aerosol method, D 50 of the aluminum-based composite powder is 10.9 microns, and tap density is 2.56g/cm 3.
Example 5 differs from example 4 in that: the composite whisker is a surface modified composite whisker, and the specific preparation method is as follows: s1, preparing a composite whisker carrier by using zinc oxide whiskers, potassium titanate crystals and titanium carbide whiskers according to a mass ratio of 2:3:2;
S2, adding 10g/L aluminum chloride into the composite whisker carrier, wherein the mass ratio of the transition metal to the composite whisker carrier is 1:30, uniformly dispersing the obtained solution for 30 minutes under the condition of 100kHz, and stirring the mixed solution for 48 hours at 100 r/min;
S3, heating the mixed solution obtained in the step S1 to the boiling point of water, volatilizing at a high temperature, evaporating the solvent, fully grinding for 2 hours at the rotating speed of 300r/min by using a ball mill to obtain solid powder, heating the obtained solid powder for 3.0 hours under the temperature condition of 6vt percent hydrogen-argon mixed gas atmosphere and 600 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and grinding the obtained powder for 25 minutes at the rotating speed of 200r/min by using a planetary ball mill to obtain the surface monoatomic aluminum modified whisker composition. In the first step of the preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, aluminum-based composite powder is prepared: mixing surface modified carbon nano tube, silicon carbide powder, nano carbon fiber, composite whisker and aluminum alloy powder, and ball milling for 30min at 120rpm/min to obtain mixed alloy powder, wherein the obtained mixed alloy powder is prepared into aluminum-based composite powder by an aerosol method, D 50 of the aluminum-based composite powder is 10.1 microns, and tap density is 2.58g/cm 3.
Example 6 differs from example 5 in that: the composite whisker carrier is prepared from zinc oxide whisker, potassium titanate crystal and titanium carbide whisker in a mass ratio of 1:1:4. In the first step of the preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, aluminum-based composite powder is prepared: mixing surface modified carbon nano tube, silicon carbide powder, nano carbon fiber, composite whisker and aluminum alloy powder, and ball milling for 30min at 120rpm/min to obtain mixed alloy powder, wherein the obtained mixed alloy powder is prepared into aluminum-based composite powder by an aerosol method, the D50 of the aluminum-based composite powder is 9.88 micrometers, and the tap density is 2.59g/cm 3.
Example 7 differs from example 5 in that: the composite whisker carrier is prepared from zinc oxide whisker, potassium titanate crystal and titanium carbide whisker in a mass ratio of 1:1:3. In the first step of the preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, aluminum-based composite powder is prepared: mixing surface modified carbon nano tube, silicon carbide powder, nano carbon fiber, composite whisker and aluminum alloy powder, and ball milling for 30min at 120rpm/min to obtain mixed alloy powder, wherein the obtained mixed alloy powder is prepared into aluminum-based composite powder by an aerosol method, D 50 of the aluminum-based composite powder is 9.82 microns, and tap density is 2.59g/cm 3.
Example 8 differs from example 5 in that: the composite whisker carrier is prepared from zinc oxide whisker, potassium titanate crystal and titanium carbide whisker in a mass ratio of 1:2:2. In the first step of the preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, aluminum-based composite powder is prepared: mixing surface modified carbon nano tube, silicon carbide powder, nano carbon fiber, composite whisker and aluminum alloy powder, and ball milling for 30min at 120rpm/min to obtain mixed alloy powder, wherein the obtained mixed alloy powder is prepared into aluminum-based composite powder by an aerosol method, D 50 of the aluminum-based composite powder is 10.0 microns, and tap density is 2.58g/cm 3.
Example 9 differs from example 5 in that: the aluminum-based composite powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 4% of surface modified carbon nano tube, 35% of surface modified silicon carbide powder, 8% of surface modified nano carbon fiber, 0.2% of surface modified zinc oxide whisker (tetrapod-like nano zinc oxide whisker, hangzhou Jikang New material Co., ltd., CAS:1314-13-2; diameter 0.5-5um length 10-50 um), 0.2% of surface modified potassium titanate whisker, 0.6% of surface modified titanium carbide whisker, and the balance 6061 aluminum alloy powder. In the first step of the preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, aluminum-based composite powder is prepared: mixing surface modified carbon nano tube, silicon carbide powder, nano carbon fiber, composite whisker and aluminum alloy powder, and ball milling for 30min at 120rpm/min to obtain mixed alloy powder, wherein the obtained mixed alloy powder is prepared into aluminum-based composite powder by an aerosol method, the D50 of the aluminum-based composite powder is 9.53 micrometers, and the tap density is 2.60g/cm 3.
Example 10 differs from example 1 in that: in the seventh step of the preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, the thermal degreasing, sintering, hot isostatic pressing and heat treatment are carried out, and the sintering process is specifically as follows: adjusting the concentration of the mixed atmosphere, the concentration of hydrogen is 90 percent, the concentration of nitrogen is 10 percent, and heating the mixture from room temperature to 180 ℃ at 0.5 ℃/min and preserving the heat for 2 hours; heating from 180 ℃ to 300 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 4 hours; heating from 300 ℃ to 480 ℃ at a speed of 6 ℃ per minute, and preserving heat for 4 hours to finish thermal degreasing; sintering, and adjusting the concentration of the mixed atmosphere and the concentration of nitrogen: 90%, hydrogen concentration: 10%, heating from 480 ℃ to 600 ℃ at 4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3h, entering a cooling stage, adjusting the concentration of mixed atmosphere, adjusting the concentration of nitrogen to be 100%, reducing the temperature from 600 ℃ to 450 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 15min, reducing the temperature from 450 ℃ to 200 ℃ at a cooling rate of 5 ℃/min, opening a furnace, naturally cooling to the room temperature, cooling to the room temperature from 200 ℃, and performing hot isostatic pressing molding after the sintering solid solution process is completed: the molding temperature is 450 ℃, and the molding pressure is as follows: pressurizing to 100MPa at 10MPa/s, maintaining the pressure for 60s, pressurizing to 200MPa at 5MPa/s, maintaining the pressure for 240s, depressurizing to 100MPa at 5MPa/s, maintaining the pressure for 10s, depressurizing to 0MPa at 10MPa/s, forming at a speed of 4.0mm/s, performing heat treatment after hot isostatic pressing forming, heating to 480 ℃ at 25 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 30min, quenching with water to room temperature, and repeating the quenching operation for three times; aging treatment is carried out after quenching treatment is completed, and aging treatment parameters are as follows: heating to 185 ℃ at 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 120min, opening a furnace, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a finished aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material product.
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that: the aluminum-based composite powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 32% of silicon carbide powder, 7% of carbon nanofiber, 0.2% of zinc oxide whisker, 0.3% of potassium titanate whisker, 0.2% of titanium carbide whisker and the balance of 6061 aluminum alloy powder. In the first step of the preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, aluminum-based composite powder is prepared: mixing silicon carbide powder, carbon nanofibers, composite whiskers and aluminum alloy powder, and then ball-milling for 30min at 120rpm/min to obtain mixed alloy powder, wherein the obtained mixed alloy powder is prepared into aluminum-based composite powder by an aerosol method, D 50 of the aluminum-based composite powder is 28.54 microns, and tap density is 1.94g/cm 3.
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that: the aluminum-based composite powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 3% of carbon nano tube, 32% of silicon carbide powder, 0.2% of zinc oxide whisker, 0.3% of potassium titanate whisker, 0.2% of titanium carbide whisker and the balance of 6061 aluminum alloy powder. In the first step of the preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, aluminum-based composite powder is prepared: mixing the surface modified carbon nano tube, the silicon carbide powder, the composite whisker and the aluminum alloy powder, and then ball milling for 30min at 120rpm/min to obtain mixed alloy powder, wherein the obtained mixed alloy powder is prepared into aluminum-based composite powder by an aerosol method, D 50 of the aluminum-based composite powder is 29.53 micrometers, and tap density is 1.89g/cm 3.
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 in that: the aluminum-based composite powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 3% of carbon nano tube, 32% of silicon carbide powder, 7% of nano carbon fiber and the balance of 6061 aluminum alloy powder. In the first step of the preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, aluminum-based composite powder is prepared: mixing surface modified carbon nano tube, silicon carbide powder, nano carbon fiber, composite whisker and aluminum alloy powder, and ball milling for 30min at 120rpm/min to obtain mixed alloy powder, wherein the obtained mixed alloy powder is prepared into aluminum-based composite powder by an aerosol method, the D50 of the aluminum-based composite powder is 27.12 microns, and the tap density is 1.88g/cm 3.
Comparative example 4 differs from example 1 in that: the aluminum-based composite powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 32% of silicon carbide powder, 0.2% of zinc oxide whisker, 0.3% of potassium titanate whisker, 0.2% of titanium carbide whisker and the balance of 6061 aluminum alloy powder. In the first step of the preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, aluminum-based composite powder is prepared: mixing surface modified carbon nano tube, silicon carbide powder, nano carbon fiber, composite whisker and aluminum alloy powder, and ball milling for 30min at 120rpm/min to obtain mixed alloy powder, wherein the obtained mixed alloy powder is prepared into aluminum-based composite powder by an aerosol method, D 50 of the aluminum-based composite powder is 25.87 micrometers, and tap density is 2.04g/cm 3.
Comparative example 5 differs from example 1 in that: the aluminum-based composite powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 32% of silicon carbide powder and 68% of 6061 aluminum alloy powder. In the first step of the preparation method of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, aluminum-based composite powder is prepared: mixing surface modified carbon nano tube, silicon carbide powder, nano carbon fiber, composite whisker and aluminum alloy powder, and ball milling for 30min at 120rpm/min to obtain mixed alloy powder, wherein the obtained mixed alloy powder is prepared into aluminum-based composite powder by an aerosol method, the D50 of the aluminum-based composite powder is 32.46 micrometers, and the tap density is 1.84g/cm 3.
Comparative example 6 differs from example 1 in that: step seven, thermal degreasing, sintering, isostatic compaction and heat treatment, wherein the method comprises the following steps: adjusting the concentration of the mixed atmosphere, namely 80 percent of hydrogen and 20 percent of nitrogen, heating the mixture from room temperature to 300 ℃ at 5 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 5 hours to finish thermal degreasing, sintering, and adjusting the concentration of the mixed atmosphere and the concentration of the nitrogen: 80%, hydrogen concentration: 20%, heating from 300 ℃ to 600 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 6h, entering a cooling stage, adjusting the concentration of mixed atmosphere and the nitrogen concentration to 100%, cooling from 600 ℃ to 200 ℃ at a cooling rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 15min, opening a furnace, naturally cooling to room temperature, cooling from 200 ℃, and performing hot isostatic pressing after the sintering process is completed: the molding temperature is 440 ℃, the molding speed is 5mm/s, the molding is pressed for 300s by 10MPa/s to 180MPa, the pressure is reduced to 100MPa by 20MPa/s, the pressure is reduced to 0MPa by 5MPa/s, the heat treatment is carried out after the hot isostatic pressing is finished, the temperature is increased to 480 ℃ at 25 ℃/min for 30min, the water quenching is carried out to the room temperature, and the quenching operation is repeated for three times; aging treatment is carried out after quenching treatment is completed, and aging treatment parameters are as follows: heating to 185 ℃ at 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 120min, opening a furnace, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a finished aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material product.
Performance test: 1. the density testing method comprises the following steps: the measurement was performed by a volumetric method. 2. Elongation, yield strength and elastic modulus test method: the measurement was carried out by using a universal tensile tester of HH11013YZUFY according to GB/T228.1-2010. 3. Thermal conductivity performance test: according to the GB/T3651-2008-metal high temperature heat conductivity coefficient measuring method.
Table 1 is a table of test parameters for the aluminum-based silicon carbide composites of examples 1-10 and comparative examples 1-6
Density (g/cm 3) Yield strength (MPa) Elongation (%) Elastic modulus (GPa) Coefficient of thermal conductivity (W/m.k) Spalling corrosion (grade/grade)
Control group 2.8 300-600 5-15 70-100 110-210 PA-PC
Example 1 2.74 562.8 12.5 218.7 218.5 PA
Example 2 2.75 571.2 12.7 221.3 224.5 PA
Example 3 2.75 580.6 13.1 225.8 228.1 N
Example 4 2.77 592.5 13.3 230.1 232.5 N
Example 5 2.78 596.3 13.3 232.5 233.2 N
Example 6 2.78 597.6 13.2 234.1 232.8 N
Example 7 2.78 598.3 13.2 235.0 232.6 N
Example 8 2.77 594.6 13.4 233.9 232.9 N
Example 9 2.88 599.4 13.2 235.1 233.5 N
Example 10 2.76 585.2 12.9 226.1 227.8 N
Comparative example 1 2.75 542.5 11.8 213.5 207.2 PA
Comparative example 2 2.74 520.7 11.2 201.5 183.4 PA
Comparative example 3 2.73 548.7 12.0 193.5 215.6 PA
Comparative example 4 2.75 520.8 10.7 203.4 173.5 PB
Comparative example 5 2.72 494.2 8.8 188.7 171.2 PB
Comparative example 6 2.68 515.2 9.8 195.2 202.6 PB
It can be seen from the combination of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-5 and the combination of table 1 that the interfacial compatibility of carbon nanotubes, silicon carbide powder, carbon nanofibers, composite whiskers and aluminum alloy substrates is improved, so that the particle size of the prepared aluminum-based composite powder is reduced, the aluminum-based composite powder with high tap density is obtained, and further the compactness, uniformity, wear resistance, mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material are improved.
It can be seen from the combination of examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 6 and the combination of table 1 that the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material prepared by the injection molding preparation process provided by the application meets the requirement of producing structural members with relatively complex structure, and meanwhile, the prepared aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material has good compactness, uniformity, wear resistance, mechanical strength and corrosion resistance.
It can be seen from the combination of the embodiment 5 and the embodiment 6-9 and the combination of the table 1 that the composite whisker consists of zinc oxide whisker, potassium titanate whisker and titanium carbide whisker, and the zinc oxide whisker, the potassium titanate whisker and the titanium carbide whisker are formed by the mass ratio of (0.5-1): (0.5-2): (0.5-2), and the prepared aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material has better compactness, wear resistance and mechanical strength.
As can be seen from the combination of example 1 and example 10 and the combination of table 1, the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material prepared by the preparation method in example 10 has better compactness, uniformity, wear resistance, mechanical strength and corrosion resistance.
The present embodiment is only for explanation of the present application and is not to be construed as limiting the present application, and modifications to the present embodiment, which may not creatively contribute to the present application as required by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, are all protected by patent laws within the scope of claims of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. An aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, characterized in that: is prepared from 80-90 parts of aluminum-based composite powder and 10-20 parts of binder; the aluminum-based composite powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 1-5% of carbon nano tube, 20-40% of silicon carbide powder, 5-10% of nano carbon fiber, 0.5-1.0% of composite whisker and the balance of aluminum alloy powder; the composite whisker comprises at least one of silicon carbide whisker, zinc oxide whisker, potassium titanate whisker, titanium carbide whisker and titanium diboride whisker; the adhesive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 84-88 parts of polyoxymethylene, 6-8 parts of polyolefin skeleton agent, 2-5 parts of EVA resin, 1-3 parts of lubricant EBS, 1-3 parts of zinc stearate, 0.5-2 parts of coupling agent, 0.5-1 part of antioxidant and 0.2-0.5 part of heat stabilizer; the polyolefin skeleton agent comprises at least one of PP, PS and PE; the coupling agent is at least one of epoxy silane, methacryloxy silane and titanate coupling agent; the antioxidant is at least one of antioxidants B900, TBHQ and DLTP; the heat stabilizer is diethyl tin dithiosuccinate.
2. An aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to claim 1 wherein: the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material is prepared from 86-90 parts of aluminum-based composite powder and 10-14 parts of binder.
3. An aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to claim 1 wherein: the aluminum-based composite powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 3-4% of carbon nano tube, 32-36% of silicon carbide powder, 6-8% of nano carbon fiber, 0.6-0.8% of composite whisker and the balance of 6061 aluminum alloy powder; the composite whisker consists of zinc oxide whisker, potassium titanate whisker and titanium carbide whisker.
4. An aluminum-based silicon carbide composite according to claim 3 wherein: the composite whisker consists of zinc oxide whisker, potassium titanate whisker and titanium carbide whisker in the mass ratio of (0.5-1) (0.5-2).
5. An aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to claim 4 wherein: the composite whisker consists of zinc oxide whisker, potassium titanate whisker and titanium carbide whisker in the mass ratio of 1:1:3.
6. An aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to claim 1 wherein: the silicon carbide powder is surface modified silicon carbide powder, and the surface modified silicon carbide powder comprises superfine silicon carbide powder and multi-wall carbon nanotubes grafted on the surface of the superfine silicon carbide powder; the nano carbon fiber is a surface modified nano carbon fiber, the surface modified nano carbon fiber comprises a nano carbon fiber carrier and nano metal clusters grafted on the surface of the nano carbon fiber carrier, and the nano metal clusters are at least one of nano aluminum metal clusters, metal nickel nano clusters, nano copper metal clusters, nano magnesium metal clusters, nano titanium metal clusters and nano silver metal clusters; the carbon nanotube is a surface modified carbon nanotube, the surface modified carbon nanotube comprises a carbon nanotube matrix and interface modified particles A compounded on the surface of the carbon nanotube, the interface modified particles A are nano metal clusters or single-atomic-level transition metals, and the nano metal clusters are at least one of nano aluminum metal clusters, metal nickel nano clusters, nano copper metal clusters, nano magnesium metal clusters, nano titanium metal clusters and nano silver metal clusters; the single atomic level transition metal is at least one of titanium, copper and silver; the composite whisker is a surface modified composite whisker, the surface modified composite whisker comprises a composite whisker carrier and interface modified particles B fixed on the surface of the composite whisker carrier, the interface modified particles B are nano metal clusters or single-atomic-level transition metals, and the nano metal clusters are at least one of metal aluminum nanoclusters, metal nickel nanoclusters, metal copper nanoclusters, metal silver nanoclusters, metal magnesium nanoclusters and metal titanium nanoclusters; the single atomic level transition metal is at least one of titanium, copper and silver.
7. The aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to claim 6, wherein: the multi-wall carbon nanotube is a surface modified multi-wall carbon nanotube, the surface modified multi-wall carbon nanotube comprises a multi-wall carbon nanotube matrix and interface modified particles C compounded on the surface of the multi-wall carbon nanotube, the interface modified particles C are single-atomic-level transition metals, and the single-atomic-level transition metals are at least one of titanium, copper and silver.
8. An aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to claim 1 or 7 wherein: the adhesive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 86-88 parts of polyoxymethylene, 6-8 parts of HDPE resin, 4-5 parts of EVA resin, 1.5-3 parts of lubricant EBS, 1.5-3 parts of zinc stearate, 0.5-1 part of KH570, 0.2-0.5 part of titanate coupling agent KR 34S, 0.5-1 part of antioxidant B900 and 0.2-0.5 part of diethyl tin dithiosuccinate.
9. An injection molding process for preparing the aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
Step one, preparing aluminum-based composite powder: mixing carbon nano tube, silicon carbide powder, nano carbon fiber, composite whisker and aluminum alloy powder, and then ball milling for 10-30min at 80-200rpm to obtain mixed alloy powder, wherein the obtained mixed alloy powder is prepared into aluminum-based composite powder by an aerosol method, D 50 of the aluminum-based composite powder is 5-30 microns, and tap density is greater than 1.8g/cm 3;
Step two, preparing a binder: placing polyoxymethylene, polyolefin skeleton agent, EVA resin, lubricant EBS, zinc stearate, coupling agent, antioxidant and heat stabilizer in a high-speed stirring kettle, and mixing at 400-600rpm for 10-30 min;
Step three, weighing the aluminum-based composite powder in the step one and the binder in the step two according to a proportion, adding the weighed aluminum-based composite powder into a high-speed mixer, and mixing the weighed aluminum-based composite powder and the binder in the step two at 10-40rpm for 120-150min at 160-200 ℃ to obtain a feed;
extruding, granulating and vacuum drying the obtained feed to obtain alloy granules;
placing the obtained alloy granules in an injection molding machine, and performing injection molding and cooling to obtain a blank;
step six, degreasing the blank, namely firstly cleaning the blank with nitrogen, then introducing oxalic acid, wherein the acid inlet amount of the oxalic acid is 2-5g/min, and degreasing for 3-10h at 100-125 ℃;
And seventhly, performing thermal degreasing, sintering, hot isostatic pressing treatment and heat treatment to obtain a finished aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material product.
10. The injection molding process of an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite according to claim 9, wherein: the thermal degreasing and sintering process in the step seven is specifically as follows: adjusting the concentration of the mixed atmosphere and the concentration of hydrogen: 80-90% of nitrogen concentration: 10-20%, heating from room temperature to 180 ℃ at 0.5-1 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2-4h; heating from 180 ℃ to 300 ℃ at 1-2 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2-4h; adjusting the concentration of the mixed atmosphere and the concentration of nitrogen: 80-90%, hydrogen concentration: 10-20%, heating from 300 ℃ to 480 ℃ at 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2-4h, heating from 480 ℃ to 600 ℃ at 2-4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2-4h, entering a cooling stage, and adjusting the concentration of the mixed atmosphere and the concentration of nitrogen: 100%, cooling from 600 ℃ to 450 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10-15min, cooling from 450 ℃ to 200 ℃ at a cooling rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and opening the furnace for natural cooling.
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