CN118050248A - High-temperature tensile sample clamping device and method for foil and thin plate - Google Patents
High-temperature tensile sample clamping device and method for foil and thin plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN118050248A CN118050248A CN202311757325.XA CN202311757325A CN118050248A CN 118050248 A CN118050248 A CN 118050248A CN 202311757325 A CN202311757325 A CN 202311757325A CN 118050248 A CN118050248 A CN 118050248A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009851 ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical property testing of materials, and discloses a high-temperature tensile sample clamping device and a method. The high-temperature tensile sample clamping device comprises a clamp main body, a clamping part and a limiting part, wherein the clamp main body is provided with grooves with the same sample clamping section size; the clamping component consists of a T-shaped clamping block, a fastening bolt and a nut. Elastic bending deformation of the horizontal section of the T-shaped clamping block applies fastening pressure to the sample clamping section through the vertical section of the T-shaped clamping block, so that high-temperature stable clamping of the sample is realized. The elastic bending deformation is enough to offset the elongation of the fastening bolt caused by high-temperature thermal expansion during high-temperature service, so that the clamping stability of the tensile sample is ensured; after the clamping device is clamped to the stretching experiment machine, the limiting part is disassembled, and a high-temperature stretching experiment is carried out. The invention can stably clamp foil or sheet, especially samples with thickness smaller than 200 μm at high temperature, thereby ensuring the test precision and accuracy of high temperature stretching experiments of the samples.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical property testing of materials, in particular to a high-temperature tensile sample clamping device and method for foil materials and thin plates.
Background
The high-temperature tensile test is a test method for researching the high-temperature mechanical properties of materials, however, the fastening clamp for clamping samples often has the problems of elongation deformation of fastening bolts and increase of fit clearances of all parts due to the increase of service temperature in the test process, so that the samples are clamped and slipped; in particular, the problem of clamping is of greater concern when the sample being clamped is a thin sample such as a foil or sheet. It is generally considered that the sheets are classified according to thickness: the plates with the thickness of 0.2mm to 4mm belong to the category of thin plates; dividing the thickness of the plate into medium and thick plates with the thickness of more than 4 mm; the thickness of 0.2mm or less is generally calculated as a foil. How to ensure that no relative displacement is generated between the sample and the clamp is the key for ensuring the testing precision of the high-temperature tensile property of the material. Although clamps such as flat pushing type clamps, wedge-shaped plane clamps and the like which increase the contact area between the clamp parts of the foil and the thin plate samples have been designed, under the high temperature condition, the clamps can generate deviation in mechanical structure connection of the clamps due to thermal expansion deformation of fastening bolts or wedge-shaped blocks, so that the clamps of the samples are loosened and generate relative displacement with the clamps. At present, for a high-temperature sheet stretching experiment with the thickness smaller than 2mm, according to the national standard of the people's republic of China GB/T228.2-2015, section 2 of the metal material stretching experiment: high temperature test method, usually recommended in the sample two ends clamping section processing pin hole, through the pin fixed sample and clamp together to finish the high temperature stretching experiment; or processing a lantern ring clamping groove with the same shape as the sample clamping section on the clamp, mounting the sample on the clamp for tensile test, and for thin plate and foil samples, especially foil samples with the thickness smaller than 0.2mm, generating larger stress concentration at the pin hole or mounting position of the sample when the two modes are adopted, so that the sample is locally deformed or even cracked, and the accuracy of high-temperature tensile test data of the sample is directly influenced. In addition, the thin foil or sheet sample is easy to bend and deform under the influence of small external force due to the thin thickness, and is easy to damage due to the influence of factors such as manual operation or mechanical movement in the clamping process of a stretching experiment, so that the accuracy of an experiment result is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-temperature tensile sample clamping device and a high-temperature tensile sample clamping method, which can stably clamp a foil or a thin plate with small thickness, particularly for a high-temperature tensile sample with the thickness smaller than 200 mu m, can still ensure the stable clamping of the high-temperature tensile sample under a high-temperature condition, ensure the test precision and the accuracy of a test result, and can reduce the damage to a sample caused by manual operation or mechanical movement in the loading process.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The high-temperature tensile sample clamping device for the foil and the thin plate structurally comprises two axisymmetric clamp main bodies 1, clamping components and limiting components 3;
One end of the clamp main body 1 is provided with a connecting part 1b for connecting a tensile testing machine, and the other end is provided with a groove 1a; the size of the groove 1a is the same as that of the clamping section of the high-temperature tensile sample; the two clamp main bodies 1 are arranged in parallel, and the edge distance between the two clamp main bodies is the stretching section of the high-temperature stretching sample;
The clamping component comprises a T-shaped clamping block 2, a fastening bolt 4 and a nut 5; the T-shaped clamping block 2 comprises a vertical section and a horizontal section, wherein the vertical section is arranged in a groove 1a of the clamp main body 1 and is used for fixing a high-temperature tensile sample clamping section; the horizontal section is fixed on the clamp main body 1 through a fastening bolt 4 and a nut 5, and the horizontal section before and after fastening is not contacted with the clamp main body 1; the limiting component 3 fixes the relative position between the two clamp main bodies 1.
A high-temperature tensile sample clamping method is realized by a high-temperature tensile sample clamping device;
Two clamp bodies 1 are placed in the limiting part 3, and the limiting part 3 is adjusted to two clamping sections of the high-temperature tensile sample and simultaneously placed in grooves 1a of the two clamp bodies 1; the bottoms of the vertical sections of the two T-shaped clamping blocks 2 are respectively placed on the clamping sections and used for fixing the clamping sections; after sequentially penetrating through the two ends of the horizontal section of the T-shaped clamping block 2 and the clamp body 1, the fastening bolt 4 is fastened to the T-shaped clamping block 2 through the nut 5 to elastically bend and deform to reach a design value; the design value selection range can be determined according to the minimum clamping force of the sample, the elastic bending limit of the T-shaped clamping block 2 and the material parameters (such as thermal expansion coefficient, elastic modulus and the like) of the T-shaped clamping block 2 and the fastening bolt; the high-temperature tensile sample clamping device after the high-temperature tensile sample is installed is loaded on a tensile testing machine through the connecting part 1b, and the limiting part 3 is disassembled to perform a high-temperature tensile test.
After the fastening screw 4 is fixed, the clamping force of the T-shaped clamping block 2 on the sample meets the following conditions;
Ft＝2Fr>FT
wherein F r and F h are respectively the support counter force generated by the support end of the horizontal section of the T-shaped clamping block 2 under normal temperature condition and high temperature condition; f t and F th are the clamping forces of the T-shaped clamping block 2 on the sample at normal temperature and high temperature respectively. F T is the clamping force required for clamping the high-temperature tensile sample; e r and E h are Young's modulus of the T-shaped clamping block 2 material under normal temperature and high temperature conditions respectively; l r is the distance from the end of the horizontal section of the T-shaped clamping block 2 to the nearest end of the vertical section; i is the moment of inertia of the horizontal section of the T-shaped clamping block 2; alpha s is the linear expansion coefficient of the material of the fastening screw 4, and alpha 1 is the linear expansion coefficient of the material of the T-shaped clamping block 2; l is the effective length of the fastening screw 4; delta T is the difference between the high temperature tensile test temperature and normal temperature.
The material and dimensioning of the T-clamp block 2 simultaneously fulfil the following conditions:
lh＝(1+a1ΔT)lr
Wherein sigma y is the yield strength of the material of the T-shaped clamping block 2 at normal temperature; σ y' is the yield strength of the material of the T-clamp block 2 at high temperature stretching temperature.
The vertical section height of the T-shaped clamping block 2 is larger than W 1 and W 2;
w 1 is the deflection of the horizontal section of the T-shaped clamping block 2 under the normal temperature condition;
W 2 is the deflection of the horizontal section of the T-shaped clamping block 2 under the high temperature condition;
the thickness of the high-temperature tensile sample is less than 2mm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The T-shaped clamping block realizes that the high-temperature tensile sample is tightly pressed by the bottom of the vertical section of the T-shaped clamping block through the elastic bending deformation of the horizontal section caused by fastening. The elastic bending deformation is enough to offset the thermal expansion elongation of the fastening bolt during high-temperature service, so that the compression of the high-temperature tensile sample is ensured, and no relative displacement exists between the high-temperature tensile sample and the clamping device. The limiting component can protect the high-temperature tensile sample and is a detachable component. The limiting component can be used for axially centering the high-temperature tensile sample on the whole clamping device, damage caused by manual operation or mechanical movement in the sample clamping process can be avoided, and after the high-temperature tensile sample is fixed on the clamping device and clamped on the tensile experiment machine, the limiting component can be removed, so that the tensile experiment is not affected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 (a) is a schematic view of the high temperature tensile specimen holding apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 1 (b) is a partial cross-sectional view of A-A of FIG. 1 (a).
FIG. 2 (a) is a schematic view showing the stable clamping of the high temperature tensile specimen clamping device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 (b) is a schematic diagram of the stable clamping principle of the high temperature tensile specimen clamping device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of one side of the T-shaped clamping block.
Fig. 3 (b) is a schematic diagram of stress analysis at normal temperature on one side of the T-shaped clamping block.
Fig. 3 (c) is a schematic diagram of stress analysis at high temperature on one side of the T-shaped clamp block.
FIG. 4 is a sample size diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of stress-strain curve of a high temperature tensile engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a clamp body; 1 a-grooves; 1 b-a connecting part; a 2-T-shaped clamping block; 3-a limiting component; 4-fastening bolts; 5-nuts; 6-sample.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and technical schemes.
As shown in fig. 1 (a) and 1 (b), a sample clamping device for high-temperature stretching is composed of a clamp body 1, a clamping member and a limiting member 3:
Two ends of a structure formed by the two clamp main bodies 1 are provided with connecting parts 1b matched with a tensile testing machine, and the middle of the structure is provided with grooves 1a with the same size as the clamping section of the sample 6;
The clamping component consists of a T-shaped clamping block 2, a fastening bolt 4 and a nut 5. The T-shaped clamping block 2 is fixed on the clamp body 1 by the fastening bolt 4, the bottom of the vertical section of the T-shaped clamping block 2 is propped against the clamping section of the sample 6 placed in the groove 1a of the clamp body 1, and the fastening is performed by means of the fastening bolt 4 and the nut 5 on the horizontal section of the T-shaped clamping block. Further, the height of the vertical section of the T-shaped clamping block 2 needs to provide space for the elastic bending deformation of the horizontal sections at the two ends.
The specific mode for clamping the high-temperature tensile sample by using the sample clamping device for high-temperature tensile comprises the following steps: two clamp bodies 1 are placed in the limiting part 3, and the limiting part 3 can be fastened by adjusting the limiting part 3 to the two clamping sections of the high-temperature tensile sample and simultaneously placing the two clamping sections into the grooves 1a of the two clamp bodies 1. The clamping sections at two ends of the high-temperature tensile sample are respectively arranged in grooves 1a in two groups of symmetrical clamp main bodies 1, the bottoms of the vertical sections of the two T-shaped clamping blocks 2 are respectively propped against the clamping sections at two ends of the high-temperature tensile sample, and fastening bolts 4 arranged at two ends of the horizontal section of the T-shaped clamping block are fastened until the two ends of the horizontal section of the T-shaped clamping block 2 are elastically bent and deformed. When the elastic bending deformation reaches a required set value, fastening is completed; the installation of the high temperature tensile specimen holding device is completed as shown in fig. 1 (a). The whole set of high-temperature tensile sample clamping device is loaded onto a tensile experiment machine through a connecting part 1b on the clamp main body 1, then the limiting part 3 is disassembled, and the high-temperature heating furnace is started to perform a high-temperature tensile experiment.
Fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are schematic diagrams of the stable clamping principle of the high temperature tensile sample clamping device of the present invention. The clamping section of the sample 6 is placed in the groove 1a of the clamp body 1 at room temperature, the vertical section of the T-shaped clamping block is propped against the clamping section of the sample 6, the T-shaped clamping block 2 is fixed on the clamp body 1 through the matching of the fastening bolts 4 and the nuts 5 arranged at the two ends of the horizontal section of the T-shaped clamping block 2, and the two ends of the horizontal section of the T-shaped clamping block 2 are elastically bent and deformed through the tightening of the fastening bolts 4 and the nuts 5. In the high-temperature stretching experiment process, the fastening screws 4 at the two ends of the horizontal section of the T-shaped clamping block 2 are heated and expanded to stretch, and the bending deflection of the cross beam of the T-shaped clamping block rebounds and still keeps an elastic deformation state, so that the stability clamping of the clamping device on a sample is ensured.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the stress analysis of the present invention clamping samples at different temperatures. The method for selecting the design parameters of the clamp is elaborated by combining the stress analysis chart: when the T-shaped clamping block 2 is fastened by the fastening screw 4, the stress of the T-shaped clamping block 2 in the horizontal direction is symmetrical, and the forces in the horizontal direction are mutually offset, so that the stress state of one side of the T-shaped clamping block 2 is similar to the bending process of a cantilever beam. The beam shape of the T-shaped clamping block 2 can be adjusted and designed according to actual use conditions. Taking a cantilever beam with a rectangular section as an example, the length, width and height of the beam under the normal temperature condition are l r, b and h respectively; the place where the sample is clamped is the support of the beam and the fastening area of the fastening screw 4 is the free end. When the fastening screw 4 is tightened under normal temperature conditions, as shown in fig. 3 (b), the force of the fastening screw 4 on the T-shaped clamp block is F sr, the support reaction force F r＝Fsr generated at the support end, and the clamping force F t＝2Fr '＝2Fr on the sample. At this time, the T-shaped clamping block 2 generates the deflection of W 1:
Wherein E r is the Young's modulus of the material of the T-shaped clamping block 2 under the normal temperature condition, and I is the moment of inertia of the T-shaped clamping block 2. The maximum stress of the beam is the support part, and the maximum stress sigma r is:
when the temperature of the sample clamped by the clamp rises to high temperature, the T-shaped clamping block 2 and the fastening screw 4 undergo certain thermal expansion, and Liang Changbian is as follows: l h＝(1+a1ΔT)lr;
Wherein a 1 is the linear expansion coefficient of the T-shaped clamping block 2 material, and DeltaT is the difference between the high-temperature tensile test temperature and the normal temperature. Since the values of the width, height b, h of the beam are small compared to the beam length l r at normal temperature, the variation in the cross-sectional area of the beam at the time of thermal expansion is not considered. The fastening screw 4 is heated and elongated, the fastening position is changed to a certain extent, and the deflection of the corresponding beam under the high-temperature condition is as follows:
W2＝W1-ΔL
ΔL＝asΔTL
Where α s is the linear expansion coefficient of the material of the fastening screw 4, and L is the effective length of the fastening screw 4 to fasten. The support reaction force F h generated at the support end is:
Wherein E h is the Young's modulus of the T-shaped clamping block 2 material under the high temperature condition. Under the high temperature condition, the clamping force F th＝2Fh '＝2Fh of the T-shaped clamping block 2 on the sample is that the maximum stress of the beam is a support part, and the stress is that
Assuming that the clamping force required for clamping the sample is F T, the following conditions should be satisfied in order to satisfy that the device can stably clamp the sample under the high temperature condition:
And the material and the sizing of the T-shaped cartridge 2 should satisfy at the same time:
Wherein sigma y and sigma y' are respectively the yield strengths of the material of the T-shaped clamping block 2 at normal temperature and high temperature stretching temperature. In addition, the height of the T-shaped clip 2 above the clip body should be greater than W 1 and W 2.
The materials of the fastening screw 4 and the fastening nut 5 are selected as follows: the maximum fastening force that can be applied is greater than F r (normal temperature) and F h (high temperature).
Example 1
The nickel foil having a thickness of 50 μm was subjected to a high temperature tensile test at 400℃at a strain rate of 1X 10 -3 by the above method. The sample dimensions are shown in figure 4. The clamping size area of the sample is 16mm 2, and referring to the standard YB/T4334-2013 of the ferrous metallurgy industry of the people's republic of China, namely, foil samples with the thickness of less than 0.08mm are recommended to exert a clamping force of about 0.7MPa per 0.025mm of sample thickness when the samples are clamped. Thus in this embodiment, the minimum clamping force F T to clamp the sample is 22.4N.
In this embodiment, 304 stainless steel is used for all clamping device fittings. The fastening screw adopts M3 size screws of A2-50 grades according to GB/T3098.6-2000 stainless steel screw test standard, and the maximum applicable clamping forces at normal temperature and high temperature are about 1050N and 735N respectively.
Table 1 shows the performance parameters of 304 stainless steel at room temperature and 400 ℃.
Table 2 shows the dimensional parameters of the clamping device in this embodiment
The feasibility of the device used in this example was verified and the allowable torque range of the fastening screw was calculated, the design criteria of the device were as follows:
From the materials, dimensional parameters listed in this example, one can obtain:
Thus, a clear size range for F r can be derived: when F r <93.5N is 15.1N, the sample clamping stability can be ensured and the device parts are not damaged. Here, 50N is selected as the screw tightening force of the present embodiment, which is smaller than the maximum tightening force that the screw can apply. For the M3 stainless steel screw, the torque moment is about 3 multiplied by 10 -2 N.m and less than the breaking torque of 1.1N.m, thereby meeting the GB/T3098.6-2000 stainless steel screw test standard.
FIG. 5 is a high temperature tensile test engineering stress-strain curve of a nickel foil 50 μm thick at 400 ℃. In the loading process, along with the increase of strain in the curve, the stress value does not have obvious abrupt drop and shaking phenomenon, which shows that the invention provides stable clamping force in a high-temperature tensile test.
Claims (6)
1. The high-temperature tensile sample clamping device for the foil and the thin plate is characterized by comprising two axisymmetric clamp main bodies (1), clamping components and limiting components (3);
One end of the clamp main body (1) is a connecting part (1 b) and is used for connecting a tensile testing machine, and the other end of the clamp main body is a groove (1 a); the size of the groove (1 a) is the same as that of the clamping section of the high-temperature tensile sample; the two clamp main bodies (1) are arranged in parallel, and the edge distance between the two clamp main bodies is the stretching section of the high-temperature stretching sample;
The clamping component comprises a T-shaped clamping block (2), a fastening bolt (4) and a nut (5); the T-shaped clamping block (2) comprises a vertical section and a horizontal section, and the vertical section is arranged in a groove (1 a) of the clamp main body (1) and is used for fixing the clamping section of the high-temperature tensile sample; the horizontal section is fixed on the clamp main body (1) through a fastening bolt (4) and a nut (5), and the horizontal section before and after fastening is not contacted with the clamp main body (1); the limiting component (3) is used for fixing the relative position between the two clamp main bodies (1).
2. A high temperature tensile specimen holding method, characterized by being realized by the high temperature tensile specimen holding device according to claim 1;
Two clamp main bodies (1) are arranged in the limiting part (3), and the limiting part (3) is adjusted to two clamping sections of the high-temperature tensile sample and simultaneously arranged in grooves (1 a) of the two clamp main bodies (1); the bottoms of the vertical sections of the two T-shaped clamping blocks (2) are respectively placed on the clamping sections and used for fixing the clamping sections; after sequentially penetrating through the two ends of the horizontal section of the T-shaped clamping block (2) and the clamp main body (1), the fastening bolt (4) is fastened to the T-shaped clamping block (2) through the nut (5) to achieve a design value through elastic bending deformation; the high-temperature tensile sample clamping device after the high-temperature tensile sample is installed is loaded on a tensile testing machine through the connecting component (1 b), and the limiting component (3) is detached to perform a high-temperature tensile test.
3. The high temperature tensile specimen clamping method according to claim 2, characterized in that the design tightening force F sr＝Fr of the tightening screw (4); after the fastening screw (4) is fastened, the conditions for stably clamping the high-temperature tensile sample are as follows:
Ft＝2Fr>FT
wherein F r and F h are respectively the support counter force generated by the support end of the horizontal section of the T-shaped clamping block (2) under normal temperature condition and high temperature condition; f t and F th are respectively the clamping force of the T-shaped clamping block (2) on the sample at normal temperature and high temperature; f T is the clamping force required for clamping the high-temperature tensile sample; e r and E h are Young's modulus of the T-shaped clamping block (2) material under normal temperature and high temperature conditions respectively; l r is the distance from the end part of the horizontal section of the T-shaped clamping block (2) to the nearest end of the vertical section; i is the moment of inertia of the horizontal section of the T-shaped clamping block (2); alpha s is the linear expansion coefficient of the material of the fastening screw (4), and alpha 1 is the linear expansion coefficient of the material of the T-shaped clamping block (2); l is the effective length of the fastening screw (4); delta T is the difference between the high temperature tensile test temperature and normal temperature.
4. A high temperature tensile specimen gripping method according to claim 3, characterized in that the material and dimensioning of the T-clamp block (2) simultaneously fulfil the following conditions:
lh＝(1+a1ΔT)lr
wherein sigma y is the yield strength of the material of the T-shaped clamping block (2) at normal temperature; sigma y' is the yield strength of the material of the T-clamp block (2) at high temperature stretching temperatures.
5. The high temperature tensile specimen gripping method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the vertical section height of the T-shaped clamp block (2) is greater than W 1 and W 2;
w 1 is the deflection of the horizontal section of the T-shaped clamping block (2) under the normal temperature condition;
w 2 is the deflection of the horizontal section of the T-shaped clamping block (2) under the high temperature condition;
W2＝W1-ΔL
ΔL＝asΔTL。
6. the method of claim 5, wherein the high temperature tensile specimen has a thickness of less than 2mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311757325.XA CN118050248A (en) | 2023-12-20 | 2023-12-20 | High-temperature tensile sample clamping device and method for foil and thin plate |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311757325.XA CN118050248A (en) | 2023-12-20 | 2023-12-20 | High-temperature tensile sample clamping device and method for foil and thin plate |
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