CN118048543A - Titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN118048543A CN118048543A CN202410049352.XA CN202410049352A CN118048543A CN 118048543 A CN118048543 A CN 118048543A CN 202410049352 A CN202410049352 A CN 202410049352A CN 118048543 A CN118048543 A CN 118048543A
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- ADDWXBZCQABCGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(iii) phosphide Chemical compound [Ti]#P ADDWXBZCQABCGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- URRHWTYOQNLUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[P] Chemical compound [AlH3].[P] URRHWTYOQNLUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009227 antibody-mediated cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0089—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with other, not previously mentioned inorganic compounds as the main non-metallic constituent, e.g. sulfides, glass
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of metal matrix composite materials, and particularly relates to a titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: step (1): weighing the raw materials: weighing an aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy, industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and titanium sponge according to a proportion; step (2): smelting: placing the weighed industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and titanium sponge into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc furnace, heating to 850-1150 ℃ and melting to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot; and placing the obtained aluminum alloy cast ingot and aluminum phosphorus intermediate alloy in the same water-cooled copper crucible, and smelting to obtain the titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si-based composite material. According to the invention, the titanium phosphide particles are used for reinforcing the Al-Si based composite material, the original generated TiP particles and the nano AlP particles formed by the evolution of the TiP form micro-nano double-scale reinforcement, so that the strength, toughness and wear resistance of the Al-Si based composite material at high temperature are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal matrix composite materials, and particularly relates to a titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The cast Al-Si alloy is widely used for manufacturing key parts of engines such as cylinders, pistons and the like due to the characteristics of low density, good heat conduction performance, high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, excellent casting performance and the like. However, as the requirements of light weight, energy saving, environmental protection and the like of automobiles are increasing, the engine is developed towards higher power, and the piston and the like as core parts are required to bear larger mechanical load, thermal load and friction load. Therefore, higher requirements are put on the high-temperature mechanical properties of the material.
The particle reinforced Al-Si based composite material is the metal-based composite material which is most widely researched at present and most applied, and the common particle reinforced Al-Si based composite material is usually prepared by adopting an external method, but the bonding capability of the reinforced particles and an aluminum matrix interface is poor, the advantages of the reinforced particles are difficult to develop, the stability of the reinforced particles is difficult to control in mass production, and the defects can be overcome by utilizing an in-situ synthesis method in an aluminum alloy melt.
The "Effect of trace bismuth on the solidification structure of hypereutectic Al-22Si alloy" published by Y.F.Wang et al, MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS, 2024, 38, reports that as the silicon content increases, the size of the primary silicon in the alloy structure gradually increases, severely fracturing the aluminum matrix, decreasing the strength and toughness of the alloy. Under the action of external force, stress concentration and microcracks appear at the sharp corners of the primary crystal silicon phase, so that the strength and toughness of the alloy are greatly reduced, the use of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy is limited, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy is deteriorated. Therefore, refining of primary crystal Si phase in Al-Si alloy is of great importance.
At present, there are many reports on particle reinforced Al-Si based composite materials at home and abroad, for example "Strength-ductility balance strategy in SiC reinforced aluminum matrix composites via deformation-driven metallurgy" published by Dongxin Mao et Al in Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2022 891 reports on an aluminum Al-Si based composite material with a diameter of 16mm and a height of 1mm produced by a deformation-driven metallurgy (DDM) process, and the prepared SiC/AMCs have uniform microstructure and good material performance, but have long preparation time and poor interface bonding effect of SiC particles and aluminum matrix. The micron particles can obviously improve the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the aluminum-silicon-based composite material, but the plastic toughness is greatly reduced; while the nano particles can keep better plasticity and toughness while improving the strength, the specific surface energy of the nano particles is large, so that the nano particles are easy to agglomerate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si based composite material and a preparation method thereof.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si based composite material comprises the following steps:
Step (1): weighing the raw materials: weighing an aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy, industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and titanium sponge according to a proportion;
Step (2): smelting: placing the weighed industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and titanium sponge into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc furnace, heating to 850-1150 ℃ and melting to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot; and placing the obtained aluminum alloy cast ingot and aluminum phosphorus intermediate alloy in the same water-cooled copper crucible, and smelting to obtain the titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si-based composite material.
Further, the raw materials in the step (1) are specifically in mass percent:
7.9 to 75.0 percent of industrial pure aluminum, 5.0 to 82.0 percent of aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy, 1.0 to 21.0 percent of industrial pure silicon and 0.1 to 15.0 percent of titanium sponge.
Further, the step (2) specifically comprises:
step (21): placing industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and titanium sponge into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc melting furnace from bottom to top;
Step (22): vacuumizing to 3X 10 -5 Pa, introducing argon shielding gas to 5X 10 2 Pa, then turning on a smelting direct current switch, smelting for 1-2 min under the current condition of 130A, and smelting for 1min under the current condition of 180-190A to obtain an ingot;
step (23): repeatedly overturning and smelting the cast ingot obtained in the step (22) for 3-5 times to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot with uniform structure;
step (24): placing the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (23) and the aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy into the same water-cooling crucible; vacuumizing to 3X 10 -5 Pa, introducing argon shielding gas to 5X 10 2 Pa, opening a smelting direct current switch, smelting an aluminum alloy cast ingot and an aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy, firstly smelting for 1-2 min under the current condition of 130A, then smelting for 1-2 min under the current condition of 180-190A, and repeatedly overturning and smelting for 3-5 times to obtain the titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si-based composite material.
Further, prior to step (22), titanium sponge is placed in another water-cooled copper crucible of the vacuum arc melting furnace, and oxygen in the vacuum chamber is absorbed by melting the titanium sponge.
The titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si based composite material is prepared by the method.
Further, the method comprises the steps of in-situ reaction to generate and disperse TiP particles in an Al-Si matrix and nano-scale AlP particles.
Further, the particle size of the TiP is 0.2-10 μm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
(1) According to the invention, a novel reinforced phase titanium phosphide particle is adopted to reinforce the Al-Si based composite material, a part of in-situ generated TiP can generate solid phase evolution to form nanoscale AlP particles, and the nanoscale AlP particles are used as heterogeneous nucleation substrates of primary crystal Si phases, so that coarse Si phases are refined, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the Al-Si based composite material are further enhanced, and the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the Al-Si based composite material can be remarkably improved by using micron-sized TiP, but the plastic toughness is greatly reduced; while the nano AlP particles can keep better plasticity and toughness while improving the strength, the specific surface energy of the nano AlP particles is large, so that the nano AlP particles are easy to agglomerate; after the TiP particles are added into the matrix, a large number of nano-sized and submicron-sized AlP nucleation particles can be formed in a short time, and the micro-nano hybrid particles are used for reinforcing the Al-Si composite material, so that the advantages of the micro-particles and the nano-particles can be fully exerted.
(2) The preparation method is more energy-saving and environment-friendly, has high utilization rate of raw materials, and can regulate and control the size and the content of the reinforced phase TiP particles by changing the content of phosphorus in the aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy and the reaction time.
(3) The in-situ synthesized micro/nano titanium phosphide particles in the composite material prepared by the invention have excellent thermal stability and good interface bonding property with an aluminum matrix; the reinforced phase particles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix, no obvious agglomeration phenomenon exists, and the composite material has good high-temperature mechanical properties.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an SEM image of in-situ synthesized TiP particles of the aluminum alloy of example 1.
Fig. 2 is an EDS diagram of the TiP particles of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
According to the titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si based composite material and the in-situ preparation method thereof, micro/nano-scale TiP particles are generated in situ in an Al-Si alloy melt, wherein part of the in-situ generated TiP phase can be evolved again to form nano AlP particles, and the nano AlP particles serve as a heterogeneous nucleation substrate of primary crystal Si phase to improve the strength, toughness and wear resistance of the Al-Si alloy at high temperature.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
Step (1): weighing the raw materials: weighing an aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy, industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and titanium sponge according to a proportion;
The raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass:
7.9 to 75.0 percent of industrial pure aluminum, 5.0 to 82.0 percent of aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy, 1.0 to 21.0 percent of industrial pure silicon and 0.1 to 15.0 percent of titanium sponge.
Step (2): smelting: placing the weighed industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and titanium sponge into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc furnace, heating to 850-1150 ℃ and melting to obtain an ingot; and placing the obtained cast ingot and a certain amount of aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy into the same water-cooled copper crucible, and smelting to obtain the titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si-based composite material.
Step (21): placing the weighed industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and titanium sponge into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc melting furnace from bottom to top;
Step (22): vacuumizing to 3X 10 -5 Pa, introducing argon shielding gas to 5X 10 2 Pa, opening a smelting direct current switch, smelting for 1-2 min under the current condition of 130A, and smelting for 1min under the current condition of 180-190A to obtain the cast ingot.
Step (23): repeatedly overturning and smelting the cast ingot obtained in the step (22) for 3-5 times to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot with uniform structure.
Step (24): placing the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (23) and the aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy into the same water-cooling crucible; vacuumizing to 3X 10 -5 Pa, introducing argon shielding gas to 5X 10 2 Pa, opening a smelting direct current switch, smelting an aluminum alloy cast ingot and an aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy, firstly smelting for 1-2 min under the current condition of 130A, then smelting for 1-2 min under the current condition of 180-190A, and repeatedly overturning and smelting for 3-5 times to obtain the high-strength heat-resistant titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si-based composite material.
Step (22) prior to smelting the industrial pure aluminum, the industrial pure silicon, the sponge titanium and the aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy, placing the sponge titanium in another water-cooled copper crucible of the vacuum arc melting furnace, and absorbing oxygen in the vacuum chamber by smelting the sponge titanium.
Example 1
Step (1): weighing the raw materials: the preparation method comprises the following steps of: 72.91% of industrial pure aluminum, 20% of Al-5P intermediate alloy, 1.55% of titanium sponge and 5.54% of industrial pure silicon;
step (2): smelting: placing the weighed industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and titanium sponge into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc furnace, heating to 850-1150 ℃ and melting to obtain an ingot; and placing the obtained cast ingot and a certain amount of aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy into the same water-cooled copper crucible, and smelting to obtain the titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si-based composite material.
Step (21): placing the weighed industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and industrial sponge titanium into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc melting furnace from bottom to top;
Step (22): vacuumizing to 3X 10 -5 Pa, introducing argon shielding gas to 5X 10 2 Pa, opening a smelting direct current switch, smelting for 2min under the current condition of 130A, and smelting for 1min under the current condition of 180A to obtain an ingot.
Step (23): and (4) repeatedly overturning and smelting the cast ingot obtained in the step (22) for 4 times to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot with uniform structure.
Step (24): placing the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (23) and the aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy into the same water-cooling crucible; vacuumizing to 3X 10 -5 Pa, introducing argon shielding gas to 5X 10 2 Pa, opening a smelting direct current switch, smelting an aluminum alloy cast ingot and an aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy, smelting for 2min under the current condition of 130A, smelting for 2min under the current condition of 180A, and repeatedly turning over and smelting for 5 times to obtain the titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si-based composite material. The specific components are Al-5.54Si-2.55TiP, and the average size of the TiP is 3-4 mu m.
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of example 1, wherein the TiP particles have a block or plate-like structure, the particle size is 3-4 μm, the AlP particles have a hexagonal shape, and the particle size is 0.4-0.6. Mu.m; fig. 2 is an EDS diagram of the corresponding particle.
Example 2
Step (1): weighing the raw materials: the preparation method comprises the following steps of: industrial pure aluminum 36.72%, al-10P intermediate alloy 50%, titanium sponge 7.74%, industrial pure silicon 5.54%;
step (2): smelting: placing the weighed industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and titanium sponge into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc furnace, heating to 850-1150 ℃ and melting to obtain an ingot; and placing the obtained cast ingot and a certain amount of aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy into the same water-cooled copper crucible, and smelting to obtain the titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si-based composite material.
Step (21): placing the weighed industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and industrial sponge titanium into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc melting furnace from bottom to top;
Step (22): vacuumizing to 3X 10 -5 Pa, introducing argon shielding gas to 5X 10 2 Pa, opening a smelting direct current switch, smelting for 3min under the current condition of 130A, and smelting for 2min under the current condition of 190A to obtain an ingot.
Step (23): and (4) repeatedly overturning and smelting the cast ingot obtained in the step (22) for 4 times to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot with uniform structure.
Step (24): placing the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (23) and the aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy into the same water-cooling crucible; vacuumizing to 3X 10 -5 Pa, introducing argon shielding gas to 5X 10 2 Pa, opening a smelting direct current switch, smelting an aluminum alloy cast ingot and an aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy, smelting for 3min under the current condition of 130A, smelting for 2min under the current condition of 190A, and repeatedly turning over and smelting for 3-5 times to obtain the titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si-based composite material. The specific components are Al-5.54Si-12.74TiP, and the average size of the TiP is 0.2-4 mu m.
Example 3
Step (1): weighing the raw materials: the preparation method comprises the following steps of: 19.96% of industrial pure aluminum, 50% of Al-10P intermediate alloy, 12.39% of titanium sponge and 17.65% of industrial pure silicon;
step (2): smelting: placing the weighed industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and titanium sponge into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc furnace, heating to 850-1150 ℃ and melting to obtain an ingot; and placing the obtained cast ingot and a certain amount of aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy into the same water-cooled copper crucible, and smelting to obtain the titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si-based composite material.
Step (21): placing the weighed industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and industrial sponge titanium into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc melting furnace from bottom to top;
Step (22): vacuumizing to 3X 10 -5 Pa, introducing argon shielding gas to 5X 10 2 Pa, opening a smelting direct current switch, smelting for 2min under the current condition of 130A, and smelting for 1min under the current condition of 190A to obtain an ingot.
Step (23): and (4) repeatedly overturning and smelting the cast ingot obtained in the step (22) for 4 times to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot with uniform structure.
Step (24): placing the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (23) and the aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy into the same water-cooling crucible; vacuumizing to 3X 10 -5 Pa, introducing argon shielding gas to 5X 10 2 Pa, opening a smelting direct current switch, smelting an aluminum alloy cast ingot and an aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy, firstly smelting for 5-6 min under the current condition of 130A, then smelting for 2min under the current condition of 190A, and repeatedly turning over and smelting for 4 times to obtain the titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si-based composite material. The specific components are Al-17.65Si-17.39TiP, and the average size of the TiP is 0.6-8 mu m.
Example 4
Step (1): weighing the raw materials: the preparation method comprises the following steps of: industrial pure aluminum 24.61%, al-10P intermediate alloy 50%, titanium sponge 7.74% and industrial pure silicon 17.65%;
step (2): smelting: placing the weighed industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and titanium sponge into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc furnace, heating to 850-1150 ℃ and melting to obtain an ingot; and placing the obtained cast ingot and a certain amount of aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy into the same water-cooled copper crucible, and smelting to obtain the titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si-based composite material.
Step (21): placing the weighed industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and industrial sponge titanium into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc melting furnace from bottom to top;
Step (22): vacuumizing to 3X 10 -5 Pa, introducing argon shielding gas to 5X 10 2 Pa, opening a smelting direct current switch, smelting for 2min under the current condition of 130A, and smelting for 1min under the current condition of 190A to obtain an ingot.
Step (23): and (4) repeatedly overturning and smelting the cast ingot obtained in the step (22) for 4 times to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot with uniform structure.
Step (24): placing the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (23) and the aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy into the same water-cooling crucible; vacuumizing to 3X 10 -5 Pa, introducing argon shielding gas to 5X 10 2 Pa, opening a smelting direct current switch, smelting an aluminum alloy cast ingot and an aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy, smelting for 6min under the current condition of 130A, smelting for 5min under the current condition of 180-190A, and repeatedly turning over and smelting for 4 times to obtain the titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si-based composite material. The specific components are Al-17.65Si-12.74TiP, and the average size of the TiP is 1-8 mu m.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step (1): weighing the raw materials: weighing an aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy, industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and titanium sponge according to a proportion;
Step (2): smelting: placing the weighed industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and titanium sponge into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc furnace, heating to 850-1150 ℃ and melting to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot; and placing the obtained aluminum alloy cast ingot and aluminum phosphorus intermediate alloy in the same water-cooled copper crucible, and smelting to obtain the titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si-based composite material.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of the raw materials in the step (1) is specifically as follows in mass percent:
7.9 to 75.0 percent of industrial pure aluminum, 5.0 to 82.0 percent of aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy, 1.0 to 21.0 percent of industrial pure silicon and 0.1 to 15.0 percent of titanium sponge.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein step (2) is specifically:
step (21): placing industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and titanium sponge into a water-cooled copper crucible of a vacuum arc melting furnace from bottom to top;
Step (22): vacuumizing to 3X 10 -5 Pa, introducing argon shielding gas to 5X 10 2 Pa, then turning on a smelting direct current switch, smelting for 1-2 min under the current condition of 130A, and smelting for 1min under the current condition of 180-190A to obtain an ingot;
step (23): repeatedly overturning and smelting the cast ingot obtained in the step (22) for 3-5 times to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot with uniform structure;
step (24): placing the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (23) and the aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy into the same water-cooling crucible; vacuumizing to 3X 10 -5 Pa, introducing argon shielding gas to 5X 10 2 Pa, opening a smelting direct current switch, smelting an aluminum alloy cast ingot and an aluminum-phosphorus intermediate alloy, firstly smelting for 1-2 min under the current condition of 130A, then smelting for 1-2 min under the current condition of 180-190A, and repeatedly overturning and smelting for 3-5 times to obtain the titanium phosphide particle reinforced Al-Si-based composite material.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that, before step (22), titanium sponge is placed in another water-cooled copper crucible of the vacuum arc melting furnace, and oxygen in the vacuum chamber is absorbed by melting the titanium sponge.
5. A titanium phosphide particle-reinforced Al-Si-based composite material, characterized by being prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The composite material of claim 5, comprising TiP particles generated by an in situ reaction and dispersed in an Al-Si matrix, and nano-scale AlP particles.
7. The composite material of claim 6, wherein the TiP particles have a size of 0.2 to 10 μm.
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