CN118041223A

CN118041223A - Wide-angle high-power condensation system

Info

Publication number: CN118041223A
Application number: CN202410181085.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈明发
Original assignee: Sanya Jacket Photovoltaic Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Sanya Jacket Photovoltaic Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-07-05
Filing date: 2024-02-18
Publication date: 2024-05-14

Abstract

The application provides a wide-angle high-power condensing system, which comprises a light cone and a target light receiving area; the n light cones are arranged and combined into a beam splitting contractor module for splitting and contracting large-area incident sunlight into n thin branch light beams; the fine branch light beam is emitted to the flattening mirror, converted into quasi-parallel light beam by the flattening mirror and emitted to the target light receiving area with smaller area at the fixed position, so that wide-angle high-power condensation is formed. The application has five beneficial technical effects of tracking-free light condensation, wide (receiving) angle light condensation, low-cost light condensation, high-magnification light condensation and shape plate blocking; the application can meet the high-power concentrating requirement of concentrating photovoltaic, can reduce the cost of the solar cell module by more than 45 percent, and can improve the photovoltaic power generation efficiency of unit area by 1-2 times. The application can be applied to the technical field of sea water desalination and the like which need high-power condensation, can reduce the investment of sea water desalination equipment, and can promote the development and utilization of solar energy resources.

Description

Wide-angle high-power condensation system

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of static concentrators in non-imaging optics, and particularly relates to a wide-angle high-power concentrating system which is a non-tracking concentrating technology of a high-concentrating non-tracking solar energy collecting device (with IPC (industrial personal computer) classification number of H02S) of China patent (publication number of CN 110380680A) and a non-tracking concentrating photovoltaic generating device (with IPC (industrial personal computer) classification numbers of H02S and G02B) of China patent (publication number of CN 109039265A).

Background

Before 1986, the inventors of the present utility model had a childhood dream: the utility model discloses an economical and practical wide-angle high-power concentrating system which is used for efficiently collecting and utilizing solar energy. At that time, an utility model patent, namely a wide-angle stereoscope, was also filed, and the publication number is CN86209607U.

The existing flat plate (silicon wafer) photovoltaic cell panel power generation device does not need to track a solar system, and has high technical maturity and high reliability. However, the area of the photovoltaic cell panel is the same as the irradiation area of sunlight, the consumption of the photovoltaic cell panel is large, the utilization rate of the photovoltaic cell panel is low, and the power generation cost is high. In order to fully utilize photovoltaic power generation, larger range sunlight can be concentrated in smaller areas, more sunlight is collected when sunlight is weak, and Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) technology is the future development trend of solar power generation.

Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) technology refers to technology that directly converts light into electric energy through a photovoltaic cell with high conversion efficiency after concentrating 100-1000 times, and CPV is the most typical representative of concentrating solar power generation technology. Photoelectric conversion is performed by using crystalline silicon cells and thin film cells, which are first and second generation solar energy utilization technologies, respectively, have been widely used. The concentrating solar technology which utilizes the optical element to concentrate sunlight by 100-1000 times and then utilizes the sunlight to generate power is a third generation technology of the future development trend of solar power generation. Compared with the traditional mode of solar power generation, the highest photoelectric (conversion) efficiency of the solar cell can be improved to 60% by Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) technology, and the latest report of the international highest photoelectric (conversion) efficiency level of the existing flat photovoltaic cell is 26.81%. New wave finance and economics 2023 9 month 15 days report: the long-base green can continuously reduce the photovoltaic electricity cost through technical development and innovation iteration, and the world record of 26.81% photoelectric (conversion) efficiency is broken through. While solar Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) technology has many advantages, it also faces many challenges and limitations. One of the problems is the high cost of the lens and lenses and their solar tracking systems, which require very high manufacturing accuracy and quality materials, thus making the cost of concentrating solar power systems relatively high.

The Chinese patent (CN 101969078B) discloses a selective converging optical device which is thin, light and free from a sun tracking system, but has light-collecting efficiency of only 20-40%, light-collecting multiplying power of only below 5 times, and 60-80% of light energy is not effectively collected and utilized, and an optical frequency conversion film layer is easy to age and short in service life.

The cone of light, commonly referred to as a "beam shaper" or "beam contractor," may be used to concentrate the light beam to a smaller area, thereby reducing the diameter or cross-sectional area of the light beam. In order to fully develop and utilize solar energy to generate electricity, chinese patent utility model 'solar low-power concentrator (CN 101359697B)', chinese patent utility model 'an aspheric light cone device (CN 204408258U) for concentrating solar cells' reduces the use amount of the solar cells by a light cone beam shrinking light beam concentrating mode, so that the generated energy of the solar cells in unit area is greatly increased, but the solar cells are a low-power concentrating technology and are also thick, large and heavy trapezoid bodies, are not suitable for manufacturing roof photovoltaic thin plates, and the output power is easily reduced due to uneven light spots, the hot spot effect is easily generated, and a battery assembly is damaged.

The optical super-surface is a planar structure composed of artificial atoms in sub-wavelength scale, the super-surface condenser is a front-edge condensing technology, and is expected to replace the traditional lenses and mirrors to effectively capture broadband and wide-angle sunlight without a complex sunlight tracking system so as to generate cost-effective electric power. It is more suitable for developing compact platforms than curved lenses or mirrors used in solar collector systems. But the process for preparing the large-area and high-precision nano-imprint template by adopting the traditional electron beam exposure technology (EBL) has the advantages of low processing efficiency, long time consumption and high processing cost. Even application demonstrations have a fairly long development path to implement a large-scale application.

The Chinese patent application (CN 115611346A) discloses a tracking-free self-focusing sea water desalination device of bionic flowers, which adopts a light guide body (3) and a light collector (4) to transmit light beams with very high collected energy flow density, and in practice, the optical fibers capable of transmitting strong light and high energy in the current market are found to be made of high-purity quartz with the purity of 99.999 percent, the price is very high, the optical fibers with the core diameter of 1mm are sold at the price of 100 RMB per meter. The light guide body (3) needs to adopt a light outlet centralized high-purity quartz optical fiber, the dosage is large, the high temperature resistance is needed, the manufacturing cost is extremely high, and the light guide body is not practical. The light collector (4) is a light cone which is resistant to thousands of ℃ high temperature, oxidation-resistant and has a reflectivity higher than 99%, and an ideal optical component which is resistant to high temperature, oxidation-resistant, extremely high in reflectivity and low in cost can not be manufactured in reality; in other words, the technical solution of the application is not practical.

In chinese patent application (CN 202033509U) "simple miniaturized optical device and solar panel thereof", most of the light (more than 60%) leaks from the "gap D" and cannot be collected and utilized because the "gap D" and the plurality of "auxiliary lenses 12A" are provided between the adjacent total internal reflection units 11. And, the light formed by the light passing through multiple total reflections inside the total internal reflection unit 11 is proved by practical tests: cannot be exactly "perpendicular to the second surface 102"; the applicant has also acknowledged that the "optical device" described therein is not manufactured and therefore the background art is not practical.

The Chinese patent application (CN 110380680A) discloses a non-tracking concentrating photovoltaic power generation device, which takes the Chinese patent application (CN 109039265A) as a background technology, improves and upgrades the technology, abandons the technical scheme of a light converging unit of a curved lens array formed by splicing and arranging a plurality of lenses, and overcomes the defects of smaller actual concentrating and excessively scattered light spots. Because the device is a 'fiber light cone' condenser, the small end (namely a light outlet) of the 'fiber light cone' is centralized, and the material of the 'fiber light cone' cannot bear the high-temperature roasting of the converged sunlight for a long time, the device can only be a low-power condensation technology with condensation multiplying power of less than 5 times, can not meet the requirement of 100-1000 times of condensation photovoltaic, can not be used in the technical field of high-power Condensation Photovoltaic (CPV), can not only reduce the photoelectric conversion cost, but also raise the photoelectric conversion cost, and the cost of the 'fiber light cone' per unit area is far higher than the cost of a photovoltaic cell panel with the same area, and is just called as inexhaustible.

How to track-free, wide (receiving) angle, low cost (the photoelectric conversion cost of the current solar cell panel is as low as 1630 yuan/1000W), high-multiplying power solar energy collection and high-efficiency solar energy collection and utilization are one dream of being always wound in the brain of the inventor of the application for 37 years.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the application is that: the wide-angle high-power condensing system has the advantages of tracking-free condensing, wide (receiving) angle condensing, low-cost condensing, high-magnification condensing and blocking of a shape plate.

In order to achieve the above five beneficial technical effects, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows.

The application provides a wide-angle high-power condensing system, which comprises a light cone and a target light receiving area, and is characterized in that:

① n light cones are arranged and combined into a light cone array module, namely a beam splitting contractor, which is used for splitting and contracting a larger range of incident sunlight (with the area of nS ₁) received by the upper end (namely the input end) into a plurality of (small divergence angle) thin branch light beams, wherein n is more than or equal to 5 or 9 or 25 or 50 or 100 or 500 or 1000; the process test shows that the larger the number n of light cones forming a beam splitting contractor is, the higher the production and manufacturing efficiency is, but the rejection rate is increased beyond 1000;

② The beam splitting contractor is provided with a plurality of (for example, n) light pipes, the inlet ends of the light pipes are respectively communicated with the light cones, the outlet ends of the light pipes are respectively extended to each preset projection point (for example, extended to the focus of the flattening mirror) which are scattered and distributed (namely, the positions of the light pipes are different from each other at a certain distance J) and face a specific direction, so that a distributed guiding light outlet (for short, the application is called a guiding port); the guide opening is used for adjusting (namely changing) the emergent direction of the fine branch light beam;

③ The distributed (i.e. differently positioned) guide ports are all aligned with (the center point or line of) the same target light receiving area, including direct alignment or indirect alignment (after reflection/refraction by a guide mirror) with (the center point or line of) the target light receiving area;

④ The guide opening is far away from the target light receiving area;

⑤ The fine branch light beam is emitted into the light guide pipe from the lower end of the light cone, and then propagates to the preset projection point (namely the emission point of the fine branch light beam) from the light guide pipe and is emitted out from the guide port;

⑥ The (n for example) sub-beams emitted from each of the predetermined projection points and the guide ports thereof are directed to the target light receiving area (including direct or indirect via a guide mirror, which may be a point or a line) of a smaller range (area S ₂) of the same fixed position at intervals (without using the "light collector (4)") so as to form a light collection;

⑦ The height of the light cone is L, and the caliber of the light inlet is D; the length of the light pipe is C, and the caliber of a light outlet (namely a guide port) of the light pipe is d; the area of the single light cone light inlet is S ₁, and the area of the target light receiving area is S ₂; (preferably) wherein L.ltoreq.1 mm or 2mm or 4mm or 8mm or 16mm or 32mm or 64mm or 128mm or 256mm or 512mm, D.ltoreq.1 mm or 2mm or 4mm or 8mm or 16mm or 32mm or 64mm or 128mm or 480mm, C.ltoreq.0.1 mm or 1mm or 2mm or 4mm or 8mm or 16mm or 32mm or 480mm, d.ltoreq.0.25 mm or 0.5mm or 1mm or 2mm or 4mm or 8mm or 16mm or 32mm or 64mm, D/d.gtoreq.25 or 10 or 5 or 3.7 or 1.7 or 1, nS ₁/S₂.ltoreq.500 or 100 or 50 or 25 or 10 or 3;

It is particularly emphasized here that in order to avoid the occurrence of high temperatures due to too large a value of D/D, which in turn leads to burning out of the medium and low temperature resistant (80-200 ℃) material of the light pipe and tip, D ²/d² should be set to 3-22, preferably 3-9, and the guide opening should be remote from the target light receiving area; at this time, the light beam emitted from the light guide pipe and the tip has a light condensing multiple of less than 10 times and a low fluence, so that inexpensive general materials such as a coated aluminum pipe can be used; researches show that when the D ²/d² is 3-22 and the guide opening is far away from the target light receiving area, the light guide pipe made of medium-low temperature resistant materials cannot be burnt out, and the manufactured wide-angle high-power condensing system is ageing-resistant, long in service life and high in cost performance; in other words, the D/D is more than or equal to 4.69 and more than or equal to 1.73, the light pipe of the medium and low temperature resistant material cannot be burnt out, and the manufactured wide-angle high-power condensing system has higher cost performance; otherwise, if D ²/d² is more than or equal to 25, the light pipe and the tip mouth made of high-temperature resistant (200-1000 ℃) materials are adopted;

⑧ The light cone and the light pipe are light channels with high reflectivity or/and total reflection characteristic (namely, the reflectivity is 100%), wherein the reflectivity is more than or equal to 90% or 95% or 97% or 99% or 99.9% or 99.99%. Researches show that the light condensing efficiency is very low when the reflectivity is lower than 95%, the manufacturing cost is very high when the reflectivity is higher than 99%, and the optimal reflectivity is 95% -99%.

The light cone or the light pipe can be a hollow pipe or a transparent solid pipe and other light channels.

Preferably, the wide-angle high-power condensing system is characterized in that: the guide openings (in different positions) of the scatter distribution are all aligned directly or indirectly via guide mirrors (after reflection/refraction) to the target light receiving area. Thus, the sub-beam (emitted from the light guide and its guide port) is formed into a directional beam and is entirely (indirectly or directly) directed to the target light receiving area, thereby forming a condensed light.

Preferably, the wide-angle high-power condensing system is characterized in that: the guide mirror is arranged in front of the guide opening, and the fine branch light beams emitted from the guide opening are emitted to the guide mirror and are all converged in the target light receiving area after the direction of the fine branch light beams is adjusted by the guide mirror.

Preferably, the wide-angle high-power condensing system is characterized in that: the taper D/L of the light cone (namely the light cone or the light funnel) is less than or equal to 0.75 or 0.35, and the light cone is used for splitting and shrinking incident sunlight received by the upper end of the light cone into the thin branch light beam with high energy flow density, namely the high energy light beam, and the thin branch light beam is emitted into the light guide tube from the tip mouth of the light cone, and then the thin branch light beam (with small divergence angle) is formed by the light guide tube. The light cone is a non-imaging element, and after entering a large opening (namely a large end) of the light cone, light rays can be emitted from a small opening (namely a small end) of the light cone through a plurality of reflections without retroreflection; in order to reduce the light loss, the height L of the light cone should be shortened as much as possible, so that the number of times of light reflection in the light cone is reduced as much as possible, and the area ratio of the large opening to the small opening of the light cone is as large as possible. Studies have shown that the smaller the taper D/L, the fewer the number of reflections of the light within the cone, the more direct the light will travel, and the less the light will be lost, preferably the taper D/L is less than or equal to 0.25 or 0.10.

The wide-angle high-power condensing system has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in injection molding (plate forming), easiness in die pressing (plate forming), easiness in 3D printing (plate forming), easiness in polishing and processing, and easiness in film coating and manufacturing of the reflecting layer with high reflectivity.

It is found that the light beam of the fine branch emitted from the light pipe and the light outlet thereof is scattered, if the flattening treatment is not performed, the light energy converged in the target light receiving area far away is less than five, and the light loss rate is high.

Preferably, the wide-angle high-power condensing system is characterized in that: in front of each of the guide openings (including in front of the sides) or in front of the tip of each of the cones (including in front of the sides), there is provided (at least) one concave mirror or lens (which converts scattered light into a quasi-parallel beam), both of which may be collectively referred to as a flattening mirror, depending on their usage; the guide opening or the tip opening is arranged on the focal plane of the flattening mirror, so that the fine branch light beams emitted from the guide opening or the tip opening and scattered light thereof form a point light source positioned on the focal plane of the flattening mirror; the flattening mirror is used for further converging and shaping the fine branch light beams (of the point light source) and scattered light thereof into quasi-parallel light beams (of extremely small divergence angle), and the quasi-parallel light beams are emitted to the target light receiving area in a spacing mode (directly or indirectly), so that precise focusing is realized, and scattered light loss is reduced. Preferably, the quasi-parallel light beam is directed indirectly to the target light receiving area after being directed by a (arranged) directing mirror (e.g. fresnel lens).

It should be emphasized here that in the above-described innovative solution in which the guide opening or tip (opening) is provided in the focal plane area of the flattening mirror, the light rays directed from the guide opening or tip (opening) to the flattening mirror constitute a point light source on the focal plane thereof; the point light source is scattered light projected forward, and is scattered light projected forward from one point at all times regardless of the movement of the sun, the diameter of the projected spot does not exceed the diameter of the flattening mirror, in other words, the size of the projected spot does not exceed the range of the flattening mirror, and the projection direction is not substantially changed. In summary, the condensing principle of this technical scheme is: the sunlight is split, compressed and changed into fixed forward projected point light sources, and then scattered light always forward emitted by the point light sources on a focal plane (preferably on a focus) is converted (refracted or reflected) into a beam of quasi-parallel light beams by using concave mirrors or lenses, and the beam of quasi-parallel light beams are emitted to a target light receiving area at the same fixed position, so that light condensation is formed. Studies have shown that the smaller the aperture of the guide opening (aperture d is preferably less than or equal to 1.5 mm), the closer the light emitted from the guide opening is to a point light source, and the more parallel the quasi-parallel light beams emitted from the flattening mirrors are.

Research also shows that in order to improve the parallelism of quasi-parallel light beams as much as possible, reduce the manufacturing difficulty and the manufacturing cost, the size of the flattening mirrors should be properly enlarged, the number should be properly reduced, and the diameter of a single flattening mirror is preferably smaller than or equal to the diameter of a single light cone light inlet; preferably, the distance from the flattening mirror to the guide opening or the sharp mouth (opening) is less than or equal to 32.2mm; preferably, a plurality of the sub-beams are combined into one beam (by a combiner), and are directed from the same guide opening (in the form of the same point light source) to the same flattening mirror.

In order to improve and perfect the wide-angle high-power condensing system, technical improvements and perfects can be made from the following ①～⑩ aspects.

Preferably ① is the wide-angle high-power condensing system, which is characterized in that: the light pipe is a hollow pipe, a solid pipe and other light channels with the length C of 0-32mm and the caliber d of 0.1-5mm, and the end face of a guide opening of the light pipe is preferably smooth and even. Researches show that when the caliber d of the light pipe is smaller than 0.1mm, the emitted fine branch light beam diffracts to generate a large amount of scattered light, which is not beneficial to condensation; in contrast, when the aperture d of the light outlet of the light pipe is larger than 5mm, a large amount of scattered light also appears in the emitted thin branch light beams, which is not beneficial to condensation; therefore, the optimal numerical range of the caliber d of the light outlet of the light pipe is 0.1-5mm. Researches also show that when the light pipe is a solid pipe, the end face of a guide opening of the light pipe needs to be polished and flattened, otherwise, serious scattering phenomenon occurs; the research shows that when the light pipe is a hollow pipe, the guide opening of the light pipe has no solid end surface, and serious scattering phenomenon can not occur; therefore, in order to simplify the production process and avoid polishing, the light pipe preferably adopts a hollow pipe.

Preferably, ① further is the wide-angle high-power condensing system, which is characterized in that: the light inlet end of the light cone is a honeycomb polygon, such as a hexagon, a quadrilateral, a trilateral, and the like, with small gaps. The round body can also have too large clearance, and the area for effectively receiving sunlight is slightly smaller. The light cone can be a hexagonal prism, a quadrangular prism, a triangular prism, a wedge and the like with R angles at the edge.

Preferably ② is the wide-angle high-power condensing system, which is characterized in that: the light inlet of the light cone is a shallow pit light inlet (with a high edge and a low middle bottom) or a convex light inlet (preferably a convex lens light inlet); the light inlet of the shallow pit cannot be too deep, dust cannot be cleaned well, and the ratio of the depth of the light inlet to the thickness of the light inlet is preferably 0.15-0.65; the protruding light inlet cannot be too protruding, and dust in a gap cannot be cleaned well. In theory, the light inlet of the light cone is the best, but the opening is easy to fall into dust, the dust is easy to block the tip mouth, and the cleaning is difficult; as such, technical measures of shallow pit light inlets or raised light inlets are taken herein. In this way, compared with a plane, the solar light with a large incident angle can be prevented from being lost due to total reflection, so that the maximum receiving angle of the solar light can be increased, and the incident angle can be increased to enable the incident solar light to be transmitted in the light cone by total reflection as much as possible; tests show that when the wide-angle high-power concentrating system is used for generating electricity by a photovoltaic cell panel, the generating capacity is rapidly reduced when the incident angle of sunlight is larger than 45 degrees if the light inlet end of the light cone is a plane; otherwise, if the light inlet of the light cone is a shallow pit light inlet, the generated energy can be obviously reduced only when the incident angle of sunlight is larger than 65 degrees. Therefore, the shallow pits and the raised structures on the surface of the beam splitting contractor are convenient to clean and receive more sunlight.

Preferably ② is the wide-angle high-power condensing system, which is characterized in that: the upper end surface of the beam-splitting contractor is provided with a plurality of shallow pits or bulges (preferably miniature bulge lighting covers) which are corresponding to the light cone light inlet, so as to reduce total reflection.

Preferably ② is the wide-angle high-power condensing system, which is characterized in that: the upper end of the beam splitting contractor is provided with an anti-reflection transparent protective layer for preventing dust from blocking the light cone and the light guide pipe so as to remove dirt such as dust, bird droppings and the like on the light cone and the light guide pipe; or a transparent matte layer is arranged on the beam splitting contractor and used for absorbing diffuse light on overcast days to collect weak light energy.

Preferably ③ is the wide-angle high-power condensing system, which is characterized in that: the predetermined projection point is a point (e.g., a focal point) on the focal plane of the flattening mirror, or/and the guide opening is aligned with the center point of the flattening mirror.

Preferably, the wide-angle high-power condensing system is characterized in that: a plurality of beam splitting contractors are spliced into a group and are tiled on the (same) guide mirror. The beam splitting contractor is formed by arranging a plurality of branch light cones, a thin and large module with the area exceeding 100mm multiplied by 100mm is difficult to manufacture, and in order to facilitate production, a plurality of beam splitting contractors are spliced into a group, and the technical measures of splicing small blocks and large blocks on the same guide mirror are adopted.

Preferably ④ is the wide-angle high-power condensing system, which is characterized in that: and diffuse (reflective) objects (such as diffuse reflective plates, white walls and the like) are arranged near the beam splitting contractor so as to increase the brightness of the area where the beam splitting contractor is positioned, and the light condensation can be formed on overcast days (in the target light receiving area). It is also preferable that a mirror is provided near the beam-splitting contractor to reflect the direct sunlight nearby onto the beam-splitting contractor to increase the light-capturing efficiency.

Preferably, the wide-angle high-power condensing system is characterized in that: the guide opening is a light outlet with a flat end surface and is used for enabling the emitted thin branch light beams to have a small divergence angle. On the contrary, if the end face of the guide opening is uneven, the emitted fine branch light beam has a large divergence angle, which is unfavorable for the flattening mirror to convert the fine branch light beam into a quasi-parallel light beam.

Preferably ⑤ is the wide-angle high-power condensing system, which is characterized in that: the diameter of the single flattening mirror is less than or equal to the diameter of the single light cone light inlet.

Preferably ⑥ is the wide-angle high-power condensing system, which is characterized in that: the included angle between the axis of the flattening mirror and the horizontal line (for example, from left to right or from edge to center) is gradually decreased; or the included angle alpha between the orientation of the guide opening and the horizontal line (for example, from left to right or from edge to center) is sequentially increased; or the flattening mirror and the distance of the guide port to the beam-splitting constrictor are sequentially shortened (e.g., from left to right or edge to center).

Preferably ⑦ is the wide-angle high-power condensing system, which is characterized in that: the miniature reflector is arranged in front of the guide opening and is used for enabling the fine branch light beams to turn to the concave surface of the concave mirror, and the fine branch light beams are reflected to be quasi-parallel light beams by the concave surface and then are emitted to the target light receiving area, so that partial light beams in the central area are prevented from being directly scattered out without being converted to the quasi-parallel light beams by the concave surface. In other words, a reflecting mirror is arranged in front of the guide opening to prevent the light rays directly emitted forward from the point light source at the focus and reflect and guide the light rays onto the concave mirror so as to more concentrate the generated parallel light beams.

Preferably ⑧ is the wide-angle high-power condensing system, which is characterized in that: the light cone, the light pipe or the sharp nozzle, the flattening mirror, the guide opening or the sharp nozzle positioned on the focal plane, the reflecting mirror and the like are combined together to form a light splitting flattening module whole capable of outputting quasi-parallel light beams, so that one-time (injection molding or stamping) forming processing is facilitated. The reflector is preferably secured to the light pipe by a transparent fastener such as a transparent nut.

Preferably ⑨ is the wide-angle high-power condensing system, which is characterized in that: the light cone is a wedge cone. Thus, the processing and manufacturing are facilitated, and the combined use is facilitated.

Preferably, ⑩, the guide port and the flattening mirror are spaced apart from the target light receiving area by 0.3 ∈nd or more (i.e., zero-point triple root number nD). Therefore, the light outlet of the light pipe and the flattening mirror can be prevented from being damaged by high temperature in the target light receiving area, the processing and the manufacturing are facilitated, the total reflection of the flattening mirror is facilitated, and accordingly the light loss is reduced.

In order to further improve and perfect the wide-angle high-power condensing system, technical improvements and perfection can be made from the following aspects.

Preferably ① is the wide-angle high-power condensing system, which is characterized in that: the axes of the plurality of flattening mirrors each pass through a center point or line of the same target light receiving area.

Preferably ② is the wide-angle high-power condensing system, which is characterized in that: and an included angle between the connecting line from the central point of the guide opening to the central point of the flattening mirror and the axis of the flattening mirror is an acute angle, so that the quasi-parallel light beam reflected from the flattening mirror avoids the light guide pipe and is emitted to the target light receiving area.

Preferably ③ is the wide-angle high-power condensing system, which is characterized in that: the distance from the flattening mirror to the guide opening or the sharp mouth is less than or equal to 32.2mm.

Preferably ④ is the wide-angle high-power condensing system, which is characterized in that: and a plurality of the sub-beams are combined into a single beam, and are emitted to the same flattening mirror from the same guide opening in a mode of the same point light source.

Preferably ⑤ is the wide-angle high-power condensing system, which is characterized in that: the sub-beams and their scattered light from the plurality of guide ports are directed to the target light receiving area separately from each other after being collimated (i.e., refracted or reflected) by the flattening mirror into quasi-parallel beams.

Preferably ⑥ is the wide-angle high-power condensing system, which is characterized in that: the guide opening or the tip opening with the caliber d of 0.10-3.15mm is arranged on the focal point of the flattening mirror, so that the fine branch light beams emitted from the guide opening or the tip opening and scattered light thereof form a point light source with the diameter of 0.10-3.15mm on the focal point of the flattening mirror.

Preferably ⑦, the distance J.gtoreq.D.gtoreq.4 mm or 8mm between two adjacent predetermined projection points. That is, the distance J between two adjacent predetermined projection points is equal to or greater than the diameter D of the light cone light inlet and equal to or greater than 4mm or 8mm. Researches show that when the diameter D of the light cone light inlet is smaller than 4mm, the edge area of the light cone light inlet is more than 20% of the area of the light inlet, and sunlight on the edge (the width is usually 0.3-0.6 mm) of the light cone light inlet cannot enter the light cone, so that 20% of sunlight cannot be captured and utilized, and more than 20% of edge light loss is caused. Conversely, when D is greater than or equal to 4mm (preferably greater than 8 mm), the edge light loss is less than 20%, and even less than 10%.

Preferably ⑧ is the wide-angle high-power condensing system, which is characterized in that: the sum L+C of the height L of the light cone and the length C of the light pipe is less than or equal to 128mm (or 64 mm) and less than or equal to the thickness of the wide-angle high-power light gathering system. Thus, the light loss can be reduced, and the wide-angle high-power condensing system which is suitable for the roof photovoltaic cell panel and is in a sheet shape and a brick shape can be manufactured.

Preferably, each of said light pipes is connected to a reflective cup type isolation cavity for isolating said sub-beams and their scattered light emitted from each of said light pipes from each other to prevent mutual interference.

Preferably ⑩, the outlet end of the light pipe is a section of straight pipe (for example, 0.1-16 mm); i.e. a section of light pipe adjacent to the guide opening is a straight pipe (e.g. 0.10-16 mm). Research shows that if the outlet end of the light pipe is bent, if the pipe diameter is too thick/thick, the pipe is too short, and the ratio of the pipe length to the pipe diameter is too small, the fine branch light beams are easy to scatter, the divergence angle is large, and accurate light condensation is difficult. Researches show that the aperture d of the light pipe is less than or equal to 1.5mm, and the light loss is minimum.

To prevent the guide opening and the flattening mirror from falling with dust, which would lead to a reduced reflectivity and an increased light loss, it is also preferable ⑩ that the guide opening and the flattening mirror (preferably including a local area of the solar collector) are enclosed in a dust-proof housing.

The light cone refers to a light cone or a light funnel, and can be a transparent solid cone or a hollow cone. The apertures D and D are parameters representing the sizes of the light inlet and the light outlet, and refer to the diameter sizes if the apertures are round apertures, the long axis sizes if the apertures are oval apertures, and the long side or diagonal sizes if the apertures are rectangular apertures.

Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial technical effects.

First, tracking-free, wide (receiving) angle, high magnification: the wide-angle high-power concentrating system of the application uses the light pipe and the guide opening thereof, the flattening mirror and the guide mirror to adjust the direction of light rays, and irradiates sunlight to the same fixed position, thus forming the concentrating, the concentrating focal point can not move along with the movement of the sun, the receiving angle can be increased to-75 degrees to +75 degrees, high-precision support and a complex sun tracking system are not needed, the concentrating cost is low, and the concentrating magnification can be up to more than 1000 times.

Secondly, it is simple and reliable: the wide-angle high-power light focusing system has the advantages of light weight, thin thickness, less material consumption, less parts, easiness in manufacturing and installation, durability, stability and reliability.

Thirdly, the cost is low: the application adopts two key innovative designs of 'scattered preset projection points' and 'spaced shot to' target light receiving areas, reduces the use amount of hardware such as 'light guide body (3)' and the like in the background technology, and omits the hardware such as 'light converging device (4)' and the like of the hardware such as high price, large use amount, high reflectivity and high temperature resistance, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost by more than 80 percent and having obvious beneficial technical and economic effects.

In the past decade of the photovoltaic industry, the electricity cost is reduced and the equipment investment is reduced mainly by three aspects: firstly, an experience curve and learning advanced technology; secondly, scale effect, cost is reduced rapidly; thirdly, the technology is innovative. The utility of the experience curve is very low, the scale effect cost is reduced and is close to the floor (the official collection price of the current solar cell panel in China is as low as 1630 yuan/1000W), and the continuous technical innovation becomes the most effective means for promoting the upgrading development of the photovoltaic industry and finally realizing flat-price surfing. It is known that at the present stage, the technical innovation is very difficult if the degree electricity cost can be reduced by 1% and the equipment investment can be reduced by 1%. Tests show that the wide-angle high-power concentrating system is applied to the field of concentrating photovoltaics, and the cost of a solar cell module can be reduced to below 900 yuan/1000W. More importantly, the photoelectric (conversion) efficiency per unit area is improved by 1-2 times.

Fourth, solar energy can be collected in cloudy days: the direct sunlight has an illumination intensity of about 10000 lux on sunny days, and the illumination intensity on cloudy days is much weaker than that on sunny days, and the average is 1000-2000 lux. Tests show that the wide-angle high-power condensing system can collect diffuse light and can also collect and utilize solar energy in overcast days. Thus, the application can be used for photovoltaic power generation and a solar water heater when direct sunlight (i.e. diffuse light) is not available in the morning and evening in cloudy days and sunny days. The wide-angle high-power condensing system can be made into thin blocks like wall tiles and attached to the outer wall of a building. Therefore, the solar energy water heater can be used for photovoltaic power generation in cloudy days, can generate hot water in cloudy days, and can also be used for heat preservation and heat insulation of the outer wall of a building.

Fifthly, the light-capturing rate is high: compared with the Chinese patent (CN 101969078B) which is a selective converging optical device, the light-capturing rate of the application is improved from 20-40% to 80-90%. Therefore, the concentrating technology can be utilized at low cost to improve the efficiency of the solar cell, the photovoltaic (conversion) efficiency of the traditional photovoltaic can be improved from 26.81% to 60% of that of the Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV), and the generated beneficial technical and economic effects are quite remarkable.

The lighting cover is particularly suitable for being used as a lighting cover of the existing light guide lighting system: the wide-angle high-power condensing system is particularly suitable for being used as a lighting cover of a light guide lighting system, for example, the wide-angle high-power condensing system is applied to a light guide lighting system (CN 212510948U) with an energy-saving effect of Chinese patent, so that weak light diffuse light periods such as cloudy days can be used for lighting by collecting natural light.

Seventhly, the light weight and thinness can be realized: compared with the thick and large 'condenser' and 'system' in the background technology, the wide-angle high-power condensing system disclosed by the application is light and thin, and can be made into thin plates/thin blocks of several millimeters to several centimeters according to the needs of customers, so that the wide-angle high-power condensing system is particularly suitable for manufacturing roof photovoltaic tiles, pavement photovoltaic tiles and wall photovoltaic patches.

And eighth, the target light receiving area is uniform in illumination, the hot spot effect can not be generated, the battery assembly can not be damaged, and the light loss is low.

And the ninth device can be applied to a solar distiller: compared with the prior art (CN 115611346A), the application has lower cost and smaller volume when being used as the photo-thermal device for sea water desalination.

In summary, the wide-angle high-power condensing system has the advantages of tracking-free condensing, wide (receiving) angle condensing, low-cost condensing, high-magnification condensing, and shape plate blocking. In other words, the application achieves a comprehensive technical advance of "five items of omnipotence" rather than a single champion. The application is applied to the technical field of concentrating photovoltaic, can reduce the cost of the solar cell module by more than 45 percent, can reduce the cost of the solar cell module to below 900 yuan/1000W, and can improve the photoelectric (conversion) efficiency of unit area by 1-2 times.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of a (plate type) wide-angle high-power condensing system formed by arranging and combining (122) light cones used in the present application (embodiment one).

Fig. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the position a-B in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a longitudinal section of the position a-B in fig. 25.

Fig. 4 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of another wide-angle high-power condensing system using micro convex lenses (i.e., flattening mirrors) in the present application (embodiment two).

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a micro convex lens (i.e., flattened mirror) and light pipe and reflector and light path used in FIGS. 3 and 4.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a longitudinal sectional structure of a concave mirror (i.e., a flattened mirror) in the present application (embodiment two).

Fig. 7 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a wide-angle high-power condensing system using the concave mirror (i.e., flattening mirror) of fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship and the optical path of a micro light reflecting cup (i.e. a flattening mirror) and a corresponding section of light pipe in the present application (embodiment two).

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the longitudinal section structure in fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the miniature concave (reflecting) mirror of fig. 8 (i.e., flattening mirror) applied to a wide-angle high-power condensing system according to the present application.

FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the concave mirror of FIG. 6 with a reflector in front of the guide opening.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view showing the overall longitudinal sectional structure of a spectroscopic flattening module used in the present application (embodiment six).

FIG. 13 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of one of the reflectors used in FIG. 12 secured to a light pipe.

Fig. 14 is a schematic view showing a longitudinal section of a wide-angle high-power condensing system according to the present application (third embodiment).

Fig. 15 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a beam-splitting contractor used in fig. 14.

Fig. 16 is a schematic view showing a longitudinal cross-sectional structure of a photovoltaic power generation apparatus using the present application (fourth embodiment).

Fig. 17 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a heat collecting device using the present application (fifth embodiment).

Fig. 18 is a schematic view showing the outline structure of a light cone used in the present application (embodiment).

Fig. 19 is a schematic view of the longitudinal cross-sectional structure of the light cone in fig. 18.

Fig. 20 is a schematic longitudinal section structure diagram of the left half of fig. 10, in which the included angle α between the 7 light pipes and the horizontal line increases from left to right.

Fig. 21 is a schematic longitudinal section structure of the left half of fig. 10, in which the included angle α between 7 light pipes and the horizontal line increases from left to right, and the included angle between the concave mirror axis and the horizontal line decreases from left to right.

Fig. 22 is a schematic longitudinal section structure of the concave mirror in fig. 21, which gradually decreases from the left to the right.

FIG. 23 is a schematic view of a cone of light with an elbow useful in the present application.

FIG. 24 is a schematic view of a wedge-cone light pipe used in the present application.

Fig. 25 is a schematic view of the outline structure of a (plate type) wide-angle high-power condensing system according to the present application (second embodiment).

Reference numerals illustrate: 1-cone, 101-tip, 102- (cone) entrance, 103-lens, 2-beam-splitting contractor, 301-light pipe, 302-reflecting layer, 303-target light receiving area, 304-axis, 305-horizontal line, 306-point light source, 307-guide port, 308-focal plane, 4-sunlight, 401-scattered light, 402-beamlets, 403-quasi-parallel beam, 5-elbow, 6-photovoltaic panel, 601-heat sink, 7-mirror, 701-fastener, 8-isolated cavity, 9-wide angle high power concentrating system, 10-flattening mirror, 11-light guide straight pipe, 12-fresnel lens, 13-shallow pit, 14-heat collecting pipe, 15-beam-splitting module whole, 16-dustproof housing, 17-wire direction flattening.

Detailed Description

The application is further described in connection with the following detailed description, in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the application easy to understand.

In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "horizontal line," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships, based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present application and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.

It should be noted that unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be in optical communication or directly connected, for example. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

Embodiment one.

A rectangular wide-angle high-power condensing system 9 is manufactured.

A honeycomb (shaped light cone array) beam-splitting contractor 2 of 128mm×83mm×16mm as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was manufactured by processing an optical grade PC material (polycarbonate) or metallic aluminum. For example, n light cones 1 as in fig. 23 are arranged and combined into a honeycomb beam-splitting condenser 2, where n is equal to 122. For example, n wedge cone beam-dividing tubes 1 shown in fig. 24 are arranged and combined into a beam-dividing contractor 2. The horn-shaped (i.e. large end) light inlet 102 of the light cone 1 faces the upper end of the beam splitting and shrinking device 2, and is used for collecting sunlight 4 with a wide receiving angle, splitting and shrinking the received (large area) incident sunlight 4 into a plurality of sub-beams (preferably, n sub-beams); the tip 101 (i.e. the output end) of the light cone 1 is directed towards the lower end of the honeycomb beam-splitting condenser 2. The diameter D of the horn-shaped light entrance 102 (preferably, the shallow pit light entrance) is set to be less than 8mm, the diameter of the tip 101 is set to be less than 1mm, and the height L of the light cone 1 is set to be less than 15mm.

At the lower end of the honeycomb beam-splitting contractor 2, each tip 101 is respectively connected with a light pipe 301 (the aperture of the light outlet is equal to that of the tip), the light outlets of the light pipes 301 extend to predetermined projection points at different positions (the light outlets of the light guide bodies in the background art are concentrated at the same position), and all the light outlets face (including indirectly face through a reflecting mirror) to (the central point or the line of) a target light receiving area 303 at the same fixed position (namely, the specific direction); the target light receiving area 303 is disposed about 150mm below the center of the honeycomb beam-splitting condenser 2; large-area sunlight 4 is injected from the horn-shaped light inlet 102, is concentrated to the tip 101 through multiple reflections of the light cone 1, and is emitted from a light outlet of the light pipe 301 communicated with the light cone; the n sub-beams 402 (like n micro-spot light beams) having a small divergence angle (i.e., high linearity) emitted from the light exit of the light guide 301 are all (preferably, are spaced from the medium-free space such as air or vacuum) directed to (the center point or line of) the same target light receiving region 303, thereby forming a light collection.

Here, the sub-beam 402 is spaced from and directed to (the center point or the line of) the target light receiving area 303, so as to save the material required for the light guide 301, reduce the reflected light loss, prevent the light outlet of the light guide 301 (i.e., the guide opening 301) from being too close to the target light receiving area 303 and further improve the light collecting degree. In other words, the implementation should follow the technical requirement that the guide opening 301 is spaced apart from the target light receiving area 303, and preferably the guide opening 301 is spaced apart from the target light receiving area 303 by at least 41.5mm.

It is emphasized that the light pipe 301 is preferably made of a fiber optic bundle of quartz material, and because quartz fiber optic is expensive, the length C of the light pipe 301 should be as short as possible to reduce the transmission loss, so as to reduce the cost, and preferably the length C is less than or equal to 9mm. This technical measure is different from the background art of a non-tracking self-focusing sea water desalination device (CN 115611346A) of a bionic flower, and the optical fiber and the like of the background art of the device are very long and expensive.

The advantages of this embodiment are: easy to manufacture and low in cost; the disadvantages are: the divergence angle of the sub-beam 402 emitted from the light outlet of the light pipe 301 is larger, the sub-beam is scattered almost to be projected, the light outlet 102 with a caliber of 1mm projects to a spot with a diameter of 35mm, and the diameter of the spot is larger than 20mm, in other words, the focal length of the condensing system 9 is small, which results in a large area of the target light receiving area 303.

Embodiment two.

Another wide angle high power condensing system 9 is produced.

In the first embodiment, the sub-beam 402 is directly emitted from the light outlet of the light pipe 301, the divergence angle is large, the scattering phenomenon is serious, it is difficult to precisely focus, and the light-capturing rate is relatively low, so the following improvement technical measures are adopted in this embodiment.

As shown in fig. 25, 3 and 4, a group of micro convex lenses as shown in fig. 5 are disposed in front of the light outlet (i.e., the guide opening 307) of each light pipe 301 or in front of the tip 101 of each light cone 1 as the flattening mirror 10. The light outlet (i.e., the guiding opening 307) of the light pipe 301 is directed in the specific direction (i.e., the direction 17 of the line connecting the center point of the guiding opening 307 to the center point of the flattening mirror 10). Ensuring that each of the guide ports 307 is positioned at a focal position (i.e., a predetermined projection point at a different position) on the focal plane 308 of the micro-convex lens; for further refracting the sub-beams 402 and their scattered light 401 into quasi-parallel beams 403 (of very small divergence angle), which are each directed to (a center point or line of) the target light receiving area 303 in such a way that the quasi-parallel beams 403 form a condensed light. In other words, the sub-beams 402 and the scattered light 401 emitted from the plurality of guide ports 307 are converged and shaped (i.e., refraction-converted) into quasi-parallel beams 403 by the flattening mirror 10, and then each of the sub-beams is directed to (a center point or a line of) the target light receiving region 303 at intervals. Preferably, the axes 304 of a plurality of the flattening mirrors 10 each pass through the center point or line of the same target light receiving area 303. Thus, a plate-type wide-angle high-power condensing system 9 as shown in fig. 25 can be produced.

As shown in fig. 7, a set of concave mirrors as shown in fig. 6 may be disposed in front of the light outlet (i.e. the guiding ports 307) of each light pipe 301 as the flattening mirrors 10, so as to ensure that each guiding port 307 is located at a focal point position (i.e. a predetermined projection point at a different position) on the focal plane 308 of the concave mirror; the sub-beams 402 and the scattered light 401 thereof are further reflected, converged and shaped into quasi-parallel beams 403 (with extremely small divergence angles), and the quasi-parallel beams 403 are directed to (the center point or the line of) the target light receiving area 303, respectively, to form a condensed light. Thus, a plate-type wide-angle high-power condensing system 9 as shown in fig. 25 can be produced.

As shown in fig. 11, a micro-mirror 7 (e.g., a conical surface, a spherical surface, etc.) is preferably disposed in front of the guiding opening 307, so that the sub-beam 402 turns toward the concave surface (i.e., the inner wall of the parabola) of the concave mirror, and is converged and shaped (i.e., reflected and transformed) by the concave surface into a quasi-parallel beam 403, and then directed toward (the center point or line of) the target light receiving area 303, so as to prevent a portion of the light directly in front of the guiding opening 307 from being directly emitted and scattered without being converged and shaped by the concave surface. In other words, a micro mirror 7 (e.g. conical surface, spherical surface, etc.) is disposed in front of the guiding opening 307 to block the light directly emitted forward from the point light source 306 at the focal point and reflect and guide it onto the concave mirror, so as to concentrate the generated quasi-parallel light beam 403. It has been found that it is preferable that the distance of the micromirror 7 from the guide opening 307 is less than or equal to five times the diameter d of the guide opening 307. Thus, a plate-type wide-angle high-power condensing system 9 as shown in fig. 25 can be produced.

As shown in fig. 8, 9 and 10, a reflecting cup as shown in fig. 8 is disposed in front of the light outlet (i.e. the guiding hole 307) of each light pipe 301 as the flattening mirror 10, so as to ensure that each guiding hole 307 is located at a (non-focal) position (i.e. a predetermined projection point at a different position) on the focal plane 308 of the flattening mirror 10; under the condition that the direction of the guide opening 307 is unchanged, the included angles between the axis 304 of the flattening mirror 10 of the left half part of the wide-angle high-power condensing system 9 and the horizontal line 305 shown in fig. 10 are ensured to gradually decrease from left to right (namely from edge to center), and the included angles between the axis 304 of the flattening mirror 10 of the right half part of the wide-angle high-power condensing system 9 and the horizontal line 305 shown in fig. 10 are ensured to gradually increase from left to right (namely from center to edge). Thus, a plate-type wide-angle high-power condensing system 9 shown as 25 can be produced.

Or under the condition that the included angle between the axis 304 of the flattening mirror 10 and the horizontal line 305 is unchanged, the included angle alpha between the axis 304 of the light guide 301 and the guide opening 307 of the light guide 301 at the left half part of the wide-angle high-power condensing system 9 shown in fig. 10 and the horizontal line 305 is ensured to be gradually increased from left to right (i.e. from edge to center) as shown in fig. 20, and the included angle alpha between the axis 304 of the light guide 301 and the guide opening 307 of the light guide 301 at the right half part of the wide-angle high-power condensing system 9 shown in fig. 10 and the horizontal line 305 is ensured to be gradually decreased from left to right (i.e. from center to edge) as shown in fig. 20.

Of course, the direction of the guiding hole 307 may be varied together with the angle between the axis 304 of the flattening mirror 10 and the horizontal line 305 (as shown in fig. 21), so that when the thin branch beam 402 having a small divergence angle (i.e., high linearity) emitted from the guiding hole 307 is obliquely incident on the flattening mirror 10, the flattening mirror 10 may be capable of converging and converging the reflection of the thin branch beam into a quasi-parallel beam 403 having a small divergence angle, and then obliquely incident on (the center point or line of) the target light receiving area 303 as the quasi-parallel beam 403. The measurement and comparison show that the wide-angle high-power condensing system 9 shown in fig. 10 is the technical scheme with the lowest cost, the lowest light loss rate and the highest light capturing rate in many embodiments of the application, namely the technical scheme with the highest cost performance.

Preferably, the line connecting the guide opening 307 to the center of the flattening mirror 10 forms an acute angle with the axis 304 of the flattening mirror 10, so that the quasi-parallel light beam 403 reflected from the flattening mirror 10 is directed to the target light receiving area 303 while avoiding the light pipe 301, and the light pipe 301 is prevented from shielding the quasi-parallel light beam 403.

Preferably, the guiding opening 307 or the tip 101 is disposed at the focal position of the flattening mirror 10, and the scattered light 401 emitted from the guiding opening 307 or the tip 101 as the focal plane 308 or the point light source 306 at the focal position is converted into the quasi-parallel light beam 403 (with a very small divergence angle) by the flattening mirror 10.

For simplifying the process and facilitating the manufacturing, as shown in fig. 3, the length C of the light pipe 301 may be shortened, or even shortened to be close to zero, if necessary, so that the tip 101 and the guide 307 are integrated. Thus, the light pipe 301 may not be used to adjust the light direction, but the guiding mirror (e.g., fresnel lens 12) may be used to further adjust the direction, so that the sub-beam 402 (e.g., emitted from the tip 101) is (indirectly) directed to (a central point or a line of) the target light receiving region 303 after passing through the refractive transition direction of the guiding mirror, thereby achieving light collection.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, instead of adjusting the direction by means of the guiding mirror (e.g. fresnel lens 12), the light pipe 301 may be used to communicate with the isolation cavity 8, and the axis 304 of the flattening mirror 10 may be aligned with the target light receiving area 303, so that the quasi-parallel light beam 403 is directed at the target light receiving area 303. In other words, the axis 304 of the flattening mirror 10 passes through (or is pointed toward) the center point or line of the target light receiving area 303.

In order to increase the parallelism of the quasi-parallel light beams 403 as much as possible and to reduce the manufacturing difficulty, the size of the flattening mirror 10 should be enlarged appropriately, but should not be too large, and it is preferable that the diameter of the flattening mirror 10 is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the light entrance 102 of the light cone 1.

For simplifying the process and facilitating the manufacture, the light pipe 301 may not be completely relied on to adjust the direction of the light, and the guiding mirrors such as the guiding mirror 7 may be relied on to adjust the direction of the quasi-parallel light beam 403; in other words, the quasi-parallel light beam 403 may also be directed indirectly to (the center point or line of) the target light receiving area 303 via the mirror 7 (shown in fig. 5) or the steering mirror (e.g., the fresnel lens 12 shown in fig. 3).

In order to avoid interference between two adjacent flattening mirrors 10, as shown in fig. 22, the direction of the guiding opening 307 is changed along with the angle between the axis 304 of the flattening mirror 10 and the horizontal line 305 and the height of the flattening mirror 10, so that when the thin branch beam 402 with a small divergence angle emitted from the guiding opening 307 is obliquely incident on the flattening mirror 10, the flattening mirror 10 can reflect and converge to form a quasi-parallel beam 403 with a small divergence angle, and then obliquely incident on (the center point or line of) the target light receiving area 303. In other words, the distances from the flattening mirror 10 and the guide opening 307 to the beam-splitting condenser 2 are sequentially shortened one by one from the outside to the inside.

In this way, the quasi-parallel beam 403 remains parallel throughout, and its direction does not change throughout, as the sun moves, thereby eliminating the need for high precision support and complex sun tracking systems.

Since the n guide openings 307 in the present embodiment are far from the target light receiving area 303, the high temperature of the target light receiving area 303 does not bake the light pipe 301 and the guide openings 307 thereof. Further, since the n quasi-parallel beams 403 in this embodiment are emitted to the target light receiving area 303 in a spaced manner, all the beams are precisely converged at the same position (on a point or a line), the light converging degree can be very high, and can reach more than nD ²/d² (up to 1000). The wide-angle high-power concentrating system can be applied to the fields of Concentrating Photovoltaics (CPVs) and photo-thermal power generation because of the high concentration degree of thousands of times. Solar photo-thermal power generation is an important direction for new energy utilization, and is mainly formed by three systems of a groove type system, a tower type system and a disc type (disc type) system. The photo-thermal power generation has the greatest advantages that the power output is stable, the basic power can be made, and the peak shaving can be made; in addition, the mature and reliable energy storage (heat storage) configuration can continuously generate electricity at night. The solar wide-angle condensation technology is hopeful to start a fourth solar photo-thermal power generation system which is behind the existing trough type, tower type and disc type (disc type).

The advantages of this embodiment are: the quasi-parallel beam 403 formed by flattening (i.e. converging and shaping) has extremely small divergence angle, and the projection is far from scattering, in other words, the focal length of the condensing system 9 can be long (for example, can be as long as tens cm or even hundreds cm), the condensing degree can be high, and the light capturing rate is high; the disadvantages are: the manufacturing process is complex, and the processing precision requirement is high.

Embodiment three.

With reference to the first and second embodiments described above, a cone-type wide-angle high-power condensing system 9 is produced.

As shown in FIG. 14, a piece of the 128mm×83mm×16mm honeycomb type (light cone array) beam-splitting condenser 2 shown in FIG. 15 was manufactured by processing using an optical grade PC material (polycarbonate). For example, 122 light cones 1 are arranged and combined into a honeycomb beam-splitting contractor 2. The horn-shaped light inlet 102 of the light cone 1 is all directed to the upper end of the honeycomb beam splitting contractor 2 and is used for receiving sunlight 4 and splitting (splitting) and compressing the received (large-area) incident sunlight 4 into 122 beams; the tip 101 of the light cone 1 is directed towards the lower end of the honeycomb beam-splitting condenser 2. The aperture D of the horn-shaped light inlet 102 is set to be smaller than 8mm, the aperture of the tip 101 is set to be 1mm, and the height L of the light cone 1 is set to be smaller than 16mm. The tip 101 is elongated to form a vertically downward light pipe 301 for emitting a thin branch beam 402.

The smart innovative design is that the sunlight 4 entering the honeycomb beam-splitting contractor 2 from all directions is laid out by the light pipe 301 into the sub-beams 402 with small divergence angle (i.e. high straightness) and is injected into the fresnel lens 12, and like the parallel light, the sub-beams can be focused by the fresnel lens 12 to (the center point or line of) the target light receiving area 303, thereby forming a stationary focus. Since the focus does not move with the movement of the sun, the embodiment does not need high-precision support and a complex sun tracking system, and the solar energy concentrating device has low concentrating cost, is stable and reliable and can concentrate solar energy with high multiplying power.

The disadvantages of this embodiment are: the divergence angle of the sub-beam 402 entering the fresnel lens 12 from the light pipe 301 is large, and the projection is not far, which results in the larger area of the target light receiving area 303, lower light-capturing efficiency and lower light-condensing efficiency.

Example four.

A photovoltaic power generation device using the present application was manufactured.

As shown in fig. 16, with the wide-angle high-power concentrating system 9 according to the first embodiment, the concentrating photovoltaic cell panel 6 is mounted on the target light receiving area 303 to receive the sunlight 4 collected by the wide-angle high-power concentrating system 9 for generating electricity. To increase the sunlight receiving angle, a micro transparent light collecting cover or a micro (convex) lens 103 is preferably added on each light inlet 101.

It has been found that the guide port 307 and the flattening mirror 10 are prone to dust fall and cause severe reflected light loss because they are placed outdoors for a long period of time. Preferably, the dust-proof housing 16 is used to enclose the guide opening 307 and the flattening mirror 10 as well as the photovoltaic panel 6, and a heat sink 601 is mounted to the photovoltaic panel 6 to dissipate heat outside the dust-proof housing 16.

Example five.

A heat collecting device using the present application was manufactured.

As shown in fig. 17, the rectangular wide-angle high-power concentrating system 9 according to the first embodiment is used, and the solar heat collecting tube 14 and the heat collecting device such as the "light absorber (7)" in the background art (CN 115611346 a) are installed at the position of the target light receiving area 303, so as to receive the heat generated by the sunlight 4 collected by the wide-angle high-power concentrating system 9. The heat collecting device can be a solar heat collecting tube, a solar stove, a solar heat/water boiler and the like.

Example six.

Preferably, referring to the above embodiments, as shown in fig. 12, the light cone 1, the light pipe 301 or the tip 101, the (concave mirror) flattening mirror 10, the guiding opening 307 or the tip 101 at the focus, the reflecting mirror 7, and other components are designed into a combined splitting flattening module body 15 capable of outputting the quasi-parallel light beam 403, so as to facilitate one-time processing and molding by molding processes such as injection molding, hot pressing, and the like.

As best shown in fig. 13, the micromirror 7 is fixed to the light pipe 301 by a fastener 701 such as a transparent nut. Of course, the micro mirror 7 may be fixed to the light pipe 301 by a fixing method such as plugging, fastening, or bonding. In this way, the height of the micromirror 7 can be fine-tuned by rotating the transparent nut to be precisely located at the focal point of the (concave mirror) flattening mirror 10.

Thus, the wide-angle high-power condensing system 9 according to the present application can be formed by combining the entire spectroscopic flattening module 15 with a guide mirror such as the fresnel lens 12 (see fig. 3 and 5). Since the guiding opening 307 or the tip 101 is at the focal point (i.e. the predetermined projection point), the beam splitting and flattening module 15 can change the incident angle of the sunlight 4 into the quasi-parallel beam 403 with the constant emergent direction no matter what the incident angle of the sunlight 4 changes, so that the embodiment does not need high-precision support and a complex sun tracking system, and the solar energy concentrating device has low concentrating cost, is stable and reliable, and can concentrate solar energy with high multiplying power.

Studies have shown that: the light exit of the light pipe 301 and the flattening mirror 10 should be located at a distance of 0.3 v/nD (i.e., zero-point triple n d) or more (preferably 41.5mm or more) from the target light receiving area 303. Thus, the light outlet of the light pipe 301 and the flattening mirror 10 are prevented from being damaged by the high temperature of the target light receiving area 303, which is beneficial to processing and manufacturing, and is beneficial to the total reflection of the flattening mirror 10, so that the light loss is reduced and the light concentration degree is improved. In other words, if the light outlet of the light pipe 301 is simply extended to the target light receiving area 303, the light can be concentrated only in a low power, the photoelectric conversion rate is difficult to be improved, and the light outlet of the light pipe 301 and the flattening mirror 10 are easily aged and damaged.

The guide mirror comprises a lens body, a concave mirror, a reflecting mirror and the like, wherein the lens body can be used for changing the emergent direction of a thinned branch light beam; the flattening mirror comprises a concave mirror, a lens and other mirrors capable of converting scattered light from a point light source at a focal point position into parallel light; the concave mirror is commonly called a mirror body such as a reflecting cup, a reflecting bowl, a reflecting shade, a condensing cup, a condensing bowl and the like.

The foregoing disclosure is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present application, and the drawings are not necessarily to scale, with the dimensions of the various features of the drawings not necessarily being in accordance with the principles of the application, and such variations may not be regarded as a departure from the scope of the application, but may be regarded as an equivalent thereto.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a wide angle high-power spotlight system, includes light cone and target light receiving area, its characterized in that:

① n light cones are arranged and combined into a light cone array module, namely a beam splitting contractor, which is used for splitting and contracting the incident sunlight received by the upper end of the light cone array module into a plurality of thin branch light beams, wherein n is more than or equal to 5 or 9 or 25 or 50 or 100 or 500 or 1000;

② The beam splitting contractor is provided with a plurality of light pipes, the inlet ends of the light pipes are respectively communicated with the light cone, and the outlet ends of the light pipes are respectively extended to each preset projection point in scattered distribution and face a specific direction, so that a distributed guide light outlet-guide opening is formed; the guide opening is used for adjusting the emergent direction of the fine branch light beam;

③ The distributed guide ports are all aligned with the same target light receiving area, including direct alignment or indirect alignment with the target light receiving area;

④ The guide opening is far away from the target light receiving area;

⑤ The fine branch light beam is emitted into the light guide pipe from the lower end of the light cone, then propagates to the preset projection point from the light guide pipe and is emitted out from the guide port;

⑥ The thin branch light beams emitted from the preset projection points and the guide openings of the thin branch light beams are respectively spaced and emitted to the target light receiving area of the same fixed position in a smaller range, so that light condensation is formed;

⑦ The aperture of the light inlet of the light cone is D, and the aperture of the light outlet of the light pipe is D, wherein D/D is more than or equal to 25 or 10 or 5 or 3.7 or 1.7 or 1;

⑧ The light cone and the light pipe are light channels with high reflectivity or/and total reflection characteristic.

2. The wide-angle high-power condensing system according to claim 1, wherein: the taper D/L of the light cone is less than or equal to 0.75 or 0.35 or 0.25 or 0.10.

3. The wide-angle high-power condensing system according to claim 2, wherein: a flattening mirror is respectively arranged in front of each guide opening or in front of the tip mouth of each light cone; the guide opening or the tip opening is arranged on the focal plane of the flattening mirror, so that the fine branch light beams emitted from the guide opening or the tip opening and scattered light thereof form a point light source positioned on the focal plane of the flattening mirror; the flattening mirror is used for further converging and shaping the fine branch light beams and scattered light thereof incident thereon into quasi-parallel light beams, and the quasi-parallel light beams are spaced and shot to the target light receiving area.

4. A wide-angle high-power condensing system according to claim 3 comprising any one or more of the following ①～⑩ features:

① The light pipe is a light channel with the length C of 0-32mm and the caliber d of 0.1-5mm or/and the light cone light inlet end is a honeycomb polygon;

② The light inlet of the light cone is a shallow pit light inlet or a convex lens light inlet; or the upper end surface of the beam splitting contractor is provided with a plurality of shallow pits or raised lighting covers; or the upper end of the beam splitting contractor is provided with an anti-reflection transparent protective layer;

③ The predetermined projection point is a point on the focal plane of the flattening mirror, or/and the guide opening is aligned with the center point of the flattening mirror;

④ A diffuser is arranged near the beam splitting contractor; or a reflector is arranged near the beam splitting contractor;

⑤ The diameter of a single flattening mirror is less than or equal to the diameter of a single light cone light inlet;

⑥ The included angle between the axis of the flattening mirror and the horizontal line is gradually decreased; or the included angle alpha between the orientation of the guide opening and the horizontal line is sequentially increased; or the distance from the flattening mirror and the guide opening to the beam splitting contractor is sequentially shortened;

⑦ A micro-reflector is arranged in front of the guide opening and is used for turning the fine branch light beam to the concave surface of the concave mirror, and the fine branch light beam is reflected into a quasi-parallel light beam by the concave surface and then is emitted to the light receiving area;

⑧ The light cone, the light pipe or the sharp nozzle, the flattening mirror and the guiding opening or the sharp nozzle which are positioned on the focal plane form a light splitting flattening module whole capable of outputting quasi-parallel light beams;

⑨ The light cone is a wedge cone;

⑩ The guide opening and the flattening mirror are far away from the target light receiving area by more than 0.3 nD or 41.5 mm.

5. The wide-angle high-power condensing system according to claim 4, comprising any one or more of the following ①～⑩:

① The axes of the flattening mirrors respectively pass through the center point or the line of the same target light receiving area;

② The included angle between the central point of the guide opening and the central point of the flattening mirror is an acute angle, so that the quasi-parallel light beam reflected from the flattening mirror avoids the light guide pipe and is emitted to the target light receiving area;

③ The distance from the flattening mirror to the guide opening or the sharp mouth is less than or equal to 32.2mm;

④ The plurality of the fine branch light beams are combined into a strip, and are emitted to the same flattening mirror from the same guide opening in a mode of the same point light source;

⑤ The fine branch light beams emitted from the plurality of guide ports and scattered light thereof pass through the flattening mirrors to be adjusted into quasi-parallel light beams, and then the quasi-parallel light beams are emitted to the target light receiving area in a spaced mode;

⑥ The guide opening or the tip opening with the caliber d of 0.10-3.15mm is arranged on the focal point of the flattening mirror, so that the thin branch light beams emitted from the guide opening or the tip opening and scattered light thereof form a point light source with the diameter of 0.10-3.15mm on the focal point of the flattening mirror;

⑦ The distance J between two adjacent preset projection points is more than or equal to D and more than or equal to 4mm or 8mm;

⑧ The sum L+C of the light cone height L and the length C of the light pipe is not less than 128mm and not more than the thickness of the wide-angle high-power condensation system;

⑨ Each light pipe is communicated with a reflective cup type isolation cavity for isolating the fine branch light beams emitted from each light pipe and scattered light thereof, so that mutual interference is prevented;

⑩ The outlet end of the light pipe is a section of straight pipe; or the guide opening and the flattening mirror are enclosed in a dust-proof housing.