CN118039202A - Reactor control method, apparatus, computer device and storage medium - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application relates to a reactor control method, apparatus, computer device, storage medium and computer program product. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a first target control rod, a second target control rod and the rest control rods from all the control rods; the second target control rod and each remaining control rod are controlled to be changed from the insertion rod position to the extraction rod position, the counting rate of the detector of the first target control rod at the insertion rod position is obtained, the second target control rod and each remaining control rod are controlled to be changed to the extraction rod position, and the total extraction counting rate of the reactor is obtained; the following steps are respectively executed for each remaining control rod: the remaining control rods are controlled to be changed into insertion rod positions, the counting rate of the detector positioned at the insertion rod positions is obtained, and the remaining control rods are controlled to be changed from the insertion rod positions to extraction rod positions; controlling a second target control rod to be changed into an insertion rod position, and obtaining the counting rate of a detector positioned at the insertion rod position; and the total lifting count rate and the count rate of the detector corresponding to each control rod are statistically analyzed to determine the value of the control rod of the reactor, so that the measurement efficiency can be improved.

Description

Reactor control method, apparatus, computer device and storage medium

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of reactor start-up physical testing, and in particular, to a reactor control method, apparatus, computer device, storage medium and computer program product.

Background

With the development of the technical field of reactor starting physical tests, a reactor control method appears, control rod value measurement can be realized before the reactor reaches a critical state, the control rod value is determined through the change of the counting rate of a source range detector in the inserting state and the extracting state of the control rod in the subcritical state, and the time required by the reactor starting can be saved, so that the economy of a unit is improved.

In order to reduce interference effects among control rods and improve measurement accuracy, core states of full lifting and target control rod insertion and full lifting of other control rods are generally required to be respectively constructed under subcritical states, so that control rod values are determined, corresponding control rod states do not exist in a traditional starting physical test, and problems of time occupation and method economy reduction can be caused if a special test window is required to be applied to develop the test in the starting process.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide a reactor control method, apparatus, computer device, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product that can improve experimental efficiency.

In a first aspect, the present application provides a reactor control method. The method comprises the following steps:

In an initial state, selecting a first target control rod, a second target control rod and the remaining control rods except the first target control rod and the second target control rod from all control rods of the reactor; wherein the initial state includes: the reactor is in a thermal shutdown state, and all the control rods are in the condition of inserting rod positions;

Controlling the second target control rod and each remaining control rod to change from the insertion rod position to a lifting rod position, and obtaining a corresponding detector counting rate when the first target control rod is positioned at the insertion rod position;

controlling the first target control rod to change into a proposed rod position, and acquiring the total lifting count rate of the reactor;

The following steps are respectively executed for each remaining control rod: controlling the residual control rod to change into an insertion rod position, obtaining the corresponding detector count rate when the residual control rod is positioned at the insertion rod position, and controlling the residual rod to change from the insertion rod position to the extraction rod position;

Controlling the second target control rod to be changed into an insertion rod position, and obtaining the corresponding detector counting rate when the second target control rod is positioned at the insertion rod position;

And carrying out statistical analysis on the total lifting count rate and the detector count rate corresponding to each control rod, and determining the value of the control rod of the reactor.

In one embodiment, the controlling the second target control rod and each of the remaining control rods to change from the insertion rod position to the extraction rod position includes:

Determining a plurality of power control rods belonging to a power rod group in the second target control rod and each remaining control rod;

And for each power control rod in the same power rod group, changing each power control rod from an inserting rod position to a lifting rod position by adopting an alternately lifting step mode.

In one embodiment, the obtaining the corresponding detector count rate when the first target control rod is located at the insertion rod position includes:

Acquiring a first counting rate of a source range detector at a current moment and a second counting rate of the source range detector at a historical moment;

And under the condition that the statistical values of the first counting rate and the second counting rate meet a stable condition, determining the first counting rate as a corresponding detector counting rate when the first target control rod is positioned at the insertion rod position.

In one embodiment, the initial state further includes: the reactor core boron concentration of the reactor is within a preset range, and the method further comprises:

The second target control rod is controlled to be changed into an adjusting rod position from the inserting rod position, and the first target control rod and the remaining control rods are kept at the extracting rod position, wherein the adjusting rod position is a state that a control rod is partially inserted;

Performing an adjustment step, the adjustment step comprising: diluting the boron concentration of the reactor; and after the reactor meets a preset stop and dilution criterion, controlling the second target control rod to continuously change the rod position along the direction from the adjusting rod position to the extracting rod position until the reactor reaches a critical state, and stopping changing the second target control rod position.

In one embodiment, the reactor control method further comprises:

And if the second target control rod is lifted from the regulating rod position to the lifting rod position and the reactor still does not reach the critical state, controlling the second target control rod to be changed to the regulating rod position, and repeatedly executing the adjusting step until the reactor reaches the critical state.

In one embodiment, the reactor control method further comprises:

Determining the lifting and inserting parameters of the control rod with the rod position change;

And carrying out statistical analysis on each lifting and inserting parameter of the same control rod to finish the lifting and inserting performance verification test of the control rod.

In a second aspect, the application also provides a reactor control device. The device comprises:

a control rod selection module for selecting a first target control rod, a second target control rod, and remaining control rods other than the first target control rod and the second target control rod from all control rods of the reactor in an initial state; wherein the initial state includes: the reactor is in a thermal shutdown state, and all the control rods are in the condition of inserting rod positions;

The detector counting rate determining module is used for controlling the second target control rod and each remaining control rod to change from the insertion rod position to the extraction rod position and obtaining the corresponding detector counting rate when the first target control rod is positioned at the insertion rod position;

The full lifting count rate determining module is used for controlling the first target control rod to be changed into a lifting rod position and obtaining the full lifting count rate of the reactor;

The residual control rod execution module is used for respectively executing the following steps for each residual control rod: controlling the residual control rod to change into an insertion rod position, obtaining the corresponding detector count rate when the residual control rod is positioned at the insertion rod position, and controlling the residual rod to change from the insertion rod position to the extraction rod position;

The detector counting rate determining module is also used for controlling the second target control rod to be changed into an insertion rod position and obtaining the corresponding detector counting rate when the second target control rod is positioned at the insertion rod position;

And the control rod value determining module is used for carrying out statistical analysis on the total lifting count rate and the detector count rate corresponding to each control rod to determine the control rod value of the reactor.

In a third aspect, the present application also provides a computer device. The computer device comprises a memory storing a computer program and a processor implementing the steps of the above method when the processor executes the computer program.

In a fourth aspect, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above method.

In a fifth aspect, the present application also provides a computer program product. The computer program product comprises a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above method.

The above-described reactor control method, apparatus, computer device, storage medium, and computer program product, in an initial state, selecting a first target control rod, a second target control rod, and remaining control rods other than the first target control rod and the second target control rod from all control rods of the reactor; wherein, the initial state includes: under the condition that the reactor is in a hot shutdown state and all control rods are in an inserted rod position, controlling the second target control rod and each remaining control rod to change from the inserted rod position to a proposed rod position, acquiring the corresponding detector count rate when the first target control rod is in the inserted rod position, and obtaining the detector count rate of the core state that the first target control rod is inserted and the remaining control rods are fully lifted, then controlling the first target control rod to change to the proposed rod position, acquiring the full lift count rate of the reactor, and respectively executing the following steps for each remaining control rod: the method comprises the steps of controlling the residual control rods to be changed into insertion rod positions, obtaining the corresponding detector count rate when the residual control rods are located in the insertion rod positions, and controlling the residual control rods to be changed into extraction rod positions from the insertion rod positions.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an application environment for a reactor control method in one embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method of reactor control in one embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating specific steps of reactor control in one embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method of controlling a reactor in another embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a reactor control device in one embodiment;

fig. 6 is an internal structural diagram of a computer device in one embodiment.

Detailed Description

The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.

The reactor control method provided by the embodiment of the application can be applied to an application environment shown in figure 1. Wherein the terminal 102 communicates with a plurality of control sticks 104, a source range finder 106, through a network. The terminal 102 may be, but not limited to, various personal computers, notebook computers, smart phones, tablet computers, internet of things devices, and portable wearable devices, where the internet of things devices may be smart speakers, smart televisions, smart air conditioners, smart vehicle devices, and the like. The source span detector 106 is used to detect the count rate of the reactor. Specifically, in the process of controlling the reactor by the terminal 102, in an initial state, a first target control rod, a second target control rod, and remaining control rods other than the first target control rod and the second target control rod are selected from all control rods 104 of the reactor; wherein, the initial state includes: the reactor is in a thermal shutdown state, and all control rods are in the condition of inserting rod positions; the second target control rod and each remaining control rod are controlled to be changed from the insertion rod position to the extraction rod position, and the corresponding detector count rate when the first target control rod detected by the source range detector 106 is positioned at the insertion rod position is obtained; the first target control rod is controlled to be changed into a proposed rod position, and the total lifting count rate of the reactor detected by the source range detector 106 is obtained; the following steps are respectively executed for each remaining control rod: the remaining control rod is controlled to be changed into an insertion rod position, the corresponding detector counting rate when the remaining control rod detected by the source range detector 106 is positioned at the insertion rod position is obtained, and the remaining control rod is controlled to be changed from the insertion rod position to a lifting rod position; the second target control rod is controlled to be changed into an insertion rod position, and the corresponding detector counting rate when the second target control rod detected by the source range detector 106 is positioned in the insertion rod position is obtained; and carrying out statistical analysis on the total lifting count rate and the detector count rate corresponding to each control rod to determine the value of the control rod of the reactor.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a reactor control method is provided, and the method is applied to the terminal in fig. 1 for illustration, and includes the following steps:

Step S202: in an initial state, selecting a first target control rod, a second target control rod and the remaining control rods except the first target control rod and the second target control rod from all control rods of the reactor; wherein, the initial state includes: the reactor is in a hot shut down condition with all control rods in the insert rod position.

Among them, a reactor, also called an atomic energy reactor or a nuclear reactor, is a device capable of maintaining a controllable self-sustaining chained nuclear fission reaction to achieve nuclear energy utilization. The reactor enables a self-sustaining chain-type nuclear fission process to occur therein without supplementing a neutron source by reasonably arranging nuclear fuel. Strictly speaking, the term reactor shall cover fission reactors, fusion reactors, fission fusion hybrid reactors, but generally refers only to fission reactors. Inserting the rod position means that the rod position of the control rod is at 5 steps.

In order to control the rate of the chain reaction at a predetermined level, an absorber rod, called a control rod, is made of neutron absorbing material. The control rods are used to compensate for fuel consumption and adjust reaction rates, and the absorber materials are typically boron, boron carbide, cadmium, silver indium cadmium, and the like. The first target control rod or the second target control rod is a control rod selected from a plurality of control rods, all the control rods can be selected as the first target control rod or the second target control rod, the rest control rods are control rods except the first target control rod or the second target control rod, the first target control rod or the second target control rod is different, and the rest control rods are different in correspondence. When the reactor is not in operation, control rods are inserted in the core. When the stack is started, the control rod is lifted, and the height of the control rod is adjusted according to the requirement in the operation. In case of accident, all control rods automatically and quickly fall down to stop the chain fission reaction in the reactor.

Thermal shutdown is a short term shutdown, in which control rods are inserted into the core to subcritical the reactor with a boron concentration greater than the minimum shutdown depth boron concentration, and the reactor is subcritical (< 0.99). The subcritical state means that after the first loading of the reactor is completed, all control rods are positioned at positions where all control rods are inserted into the reactor core, the primary loop coolant contains higher boron concentration, and neutrons are almost absorbed. At this time, the neutron production rate < neutron extinction rate, the core is in a subcritical state, and the core is deep subcritical.

Specifically, the control rod value measurement process can be performed during the start-up process of the reactor, that is, from the time when the reactor is in a hot shutdown state and all control rods included in the reactor are in the inserted rod position to the time when the reactor reaches the critical state, and the measurement of the control rod value and the start-up process of the reactor are performed in combination, so that the time required for measurement can be reduced to the greatest extent. Because the measurement of the control rod value requires construction of the core state of ARO (all rod out), insertion of the target control rods, and full extraction of the remaining control rods, it is necessary to first select a first target control rod and a second target control rod from among the control rods under the condition that the reactor is in a hot shutdown state and all the control rods are in the inserted rod positions, so that the other control rods except for the first target control rod and the second target control rod are the remaining control rods, so that the core state of the first target control rod insertion and full extraction of the remaining control rods is conveniently constructed. It will be appreciated that the selection of the first target control stick or the second target control stick is variable. For example, for temperature control rod R, power control rods G1, G2, N1 and N2, shutdown rods SA, SB, SC and SD, it may be determined that the SA control rod is the first target control rod, the R control rod is the second target control rod, and then G1, G2, N1, N2, SB, SC, SD are the remaining control rods; alternatively, the R control rod may be selected as the first target control rod, the SA control rod may be selected as the second target control rod, and then G1, G2, N1, N2, SB, SC, SD may be selected as the remaining control rods. In a specific embodiment, the first target control rod and the second target control rod may be selected according to the types of control rods, and the control rods other than the first target control rod and the second target control rod are defined as remaining control rods. In another specific embodiment, the first target control rod and the second target control rod may be selected according to the arrangement order of the control rods, and the control rods other than the first target control rod and the second target control rod may be defined as remaining control rods.

Step S204: and controlling the second target control rod and each remaining control rod to change from the insertion rod position to the extraction rod position, and acquiring the corresponding detector count rate when the first target control rod is positioned at the insertion rod position.

Controlling each remaining control rod to change from an inserting rod position to a lifting rod position;

wherein, the rod position is the rod position of the control rod at 225 steps. The detector count rate refers to the count rate obtained by the source range detector and reflecting the neutron fluence rate level of the reactor core.

Specifically, all control rods in the reactor are located at the insertion rod position, so that the second target control rod and each remaining control rod can be controlled to be changed from the insertion rod position to the extraction rod position, and at the moment, the first target control rod is still located at the insertion rod position, so that the reactor core state that the first target control rod is inserted and the remaining control rods are fully extracted can be constructed. For example, in the process of controlling the second target control rod and each remaining control rod to change from the insertion rod position to the extraction rod position, all the control rod groups may be extracted to the extraction rod position sequentially in the order of R, SB, SC, SD, N, N1, G2, G1 rods, wherein the N2, N1, G2, G1 control rods are extracted in a step-by-step manner. Further, the process of controlling the second target control rod and each remaining control rod to change from the insertion rod position to the extraction rod position may be performed by the terminal or may be manually performed by a technician. Under the condition that the first target control rod is kept at the inserted rod position, the reactor core state of the reactor is the reactor core state that the first target control rod is inserted and the rest control rods are fully proposed, and the reactor core state is reached, so that the corresponding detector counting rate of the first target control rod when the first target control rod is positioned at the inserted rod position can be obtained, and the control rod value of the first target control rod can be determined according to the detector counting rate. It will be appreciated that the process of acquiring the detector count rate of the first target control rod may be either active or passive.

Step S206: and controlling the first target control rod to change into a proposed rod position, and acquiring the total lifting count rate of the reactor.

The full lifting count rate refers to the detector count rate of the reactor detected by the source range detector when all control rods of the reactor are positioned at the lifting rod positions.

Specifically, before the first target control rod is changed to the proposed rod position, the first target control rod is inserted into the rod position, and the remaining control rods are proposed rod positions, so that the reactor core state of the ARO can be constructed by only changing the first target control rod to the proposed rod position, and therefore, when the first target control rod is changed to the proposed rod position, the reactor core of the reactor is in the reactor core state of the ARO at this time, the total proposed count rate of the reactor is obtained, and the detector count rate in the reactor core state of the ARO can be obtained. It should be noted that, there are multiple ARO states in the subcritical rod etching process, and the counting rate of one state can be selected to participate in the calculation according to the requirement.

Step S208: the following steps are respectively executed for each remaining control rod: and controlling the remaining control rod to change into the insertion rod position, acquiring the corresponding detector count rate when the remaining control rod is positioned in the insertion rod position, and controlling the remaining control rod to change from the insertion rod position to the extraction rod position.

Specifically, the detector count rates for two core states have been measured prior to performing the steps for each remaining control rod: the first target control rod is a proposed rod position, the remaining control rods are the detector count rate and the total proposed count rate of the inserted rod position, the detector count rates of the reactors in which each remaining control rod is at the proposed rod position and the second target control rod is at the proposed rod position are required to be obtained, then, for each remaining control rod, statistics is also required to be carried out on the detector count rates of the remaining control rods in the proposed rod position and the remaining control rods in the inserted rod position, that is, the remaining control rods are required to be controlled to be changed to the inserted rod position, the detector count rates corresponding to the remaining control rods in the inserted rod position are required to be obtained, and since the steps carried out on each remaining detector are the same, and only one control rod is in the inserted rod position each time the detector count rate is obtained, then, after the corresponding detector count rate is obtained when the remaining control rod is in the inserted rod position, the remaining control rod is required to be controlled to be changed from the inserted rod position to the proposed rod position.

Step S210: and controlling the second target control rod to be changed into the insertion rod position, and obtaining the corresponding detector counting rate when the second target control rod is positioned in the insertion rod position.

The second target control rod is used as the last control rod in all control rods of the reactor, and the state of the rod position is changed into the control rod of the insertion rod position.

Specifically, only one core state required for the process of control rod value measurement remains before the second target control rod is controlled to be inserted further into the rod position, namely: the second target control rod is an inserted rod position, the rest control rods are reactor cores in which rod positions are proposed, so that the second target control rod can be controlled to be inserted into the rod position, the corresponding detector counting rate of the second target control rod when the second target control rod is positioned in the inserted rod position is obtained, and the detector counting rate of all the required reactor cores is obtained.

Step S212: and carrying out statistical analysis on the total lifting count rate and the detector count rate corresponding to each control rod to determine the value of the control rod of the reactor.

The control rod value refers to the absolute value of the reactivity change caused by the reactor core after a control rod positioned at the rod position is quickly inserted into the rod position under a given condition, and the control rod value of the reactor covers the reactor core state of ARO and the control rod value of each target control rod inserted and the control rod in the reactor core state fully proposed by the rest control rods.

Specifically, the value of the control rod corresponding to each counting rate can be determined by correcting each counting rate obtained by detecting the source range detector by using the correction factors calculated in advance. After the corresponding detector count rate of the second target control rod inserted into the rod position is obtained, the total lifting count rate and the detector count rate corresponding to each control rod are corrected based on correction factors, so that the control rod value of the reactor can be determined.

In the reactor control method, in an initial state, a first target control rod, a second target control rod and the rest control rods except the first target control rod and the second target control rod are selected from all control rods of the reactor; wherein, the initial state includes: under the condition that the reactor is in a hot shutdown state and all control rods are in an inserted rod position, controlling the second target control rod and each remaining control rod to change from the inserted rod position to a proposed rod position, acquiring the corresponding detector count rate when the first target control rod is in the inserted rod position, and obtaining the detector count rate of the core state that the first target control rod is inserted and the remaining control rods are fully lifted, then controlling the first target control rod to change to the proposed rod position, acquiring the full lift count rate of the reactor, and respectively executing the following steps for each remaining control rod: the method comprises the steps of controlling the residual control rods to be changed into insertion rod positions, obtaining the corresponding detector count rate when the residual control rods are located in the insertion rod positions, and controlling the residual control rods to be changed into extraction rod positions from the insertion rod positions.

In one embodiment, controlling the second target control rod and each remaining control rod to change from an insert rod position to a lift rod position includes: determining a plurality of power control rods belonging to the power rod group in the second target control rod and each remaining control rod; for each power control rod in the same power rod group, the alternately proposed step-by-step mode is adopted to change each power control rod from an insertion rod position to a proposed rod position.

The step-by-step mode refers to that when one control rod and the other control rod are provided with an overlapped part, the other control rod can be provided together when the one control rod is provided to a certain rod position, namely, in a step-by-step area of the overlapped part, different control rod groups act in a consistent way, or are called as moving, and the other control rod groups do not move.

Specifically, since there may be more than one power control rod in the power rod group in the reactor, the second target control rod and the power control rods belonging to the power rod group in the remaining control rods may be determined first, and then, for each control rod in the power rod group, the power control rods are changed from the insertion rod position to the extraction rod position by adopting an alternately extracted step-by-step manner. For example, assuming that the power rod groups in the current reactor include a G1 rod group, a G2 rod group, an N1 rod group and an N2 rod group, for each control rod in each power rod group, the power control rods are changed from the insertion rod positions to the extraction rod positions by adopting an alternately extracted step-by-step mode

In this embodiment, for the second target control rod and the plurality of control rods belonging to the power rod group in the remaining control rods, the power rod groups are divided, and for each control rod in each power rod group, the alternately proposed step-by-step mode is adopted to change each power control rod from the insertion rod position to the extraction rod position, so that the influence on the axial power distribution shape can be reduced while the reactivity is introduced.

In one embodiment, obtaining a corresponding detector count rate for a first target control rod located in an insertion rod position includes: acquiring a first counting rate of a source range detector at a current moment and a second counting rate of the source range detector at a historical moment; and under the condition that the statistical values of the first counting rate and the second counting rate meet the stable condition, determining the first counting rate as the detector counting rate corresponding to the first target control rod.

The historical time refers to a time that has elapsed with respect to the current time, and the historical time may refer to a time preceding the current time or a plurality of times preceding the current time. The second count rate may refer to the detector count rate at the previous time or may refer to an average of the detector count rates at the previous times. The statistics of the first count rate and the second count rate may be, for example, a difference between the first count rate and the second count rate. The stable condition refers to that the statistical values of the first count rate and the second count rate reach a range of stable values, for example, in the case that the statistical values are different, the stable condition may be that the difference between the first count rate and the second count rate is smaller than the set value.

Specifically, in order to ensure that the counting rate of the detector is accurate enough, the stability of the data of the counting rate detected by the source range detector is required to be ensured, the first counting rate of the source range detector at the current moment and the second counting rate of the source range detector at the historical moment are acquired, the statistical value between the first counting rate and the second counting rate can be subjected to numerical stability judgment, and the first counting rate is determined to be the detector counting rate corresponding to the first target control rod under the condition that the statistical value of the first counting rate and the second counting rate meets the stability condition. In a specific embodiment, the second count rate refers to the count rates of the detectors at the plurality of moments, and then the first count rate may be compared with the count rates of the detectors at the plurality of moments before, where the difference between the first count rate and the count rates of the detectors at the plurality of moments before satisfies the difference stabilizing value, which means that the data of the count rate detected by the source range detector is stabilized, and the first count rate at the current moment may be determined as the count rate of the detector corresponding to the first target control rod. In another specific embodiment, the second count rate refers to an average value of the count rates of the detectors at the previous times, and when the difference between the first count rate and the average value of the count rates of the detectors at the previous times meets the difference stable value, it means that the data of the count rate detected by the source range detector is stable, and the first count rate at the current time can be determined as the count rate of the detector corresponding to the first target control rod.

In this embodiment, the first counting rate at the current time and the second counting rate at the historical time are statistically analyzed, so that it can be ensured that the counting rate of the detector corresponding to the first target control rod is determined under the condition that the counting rate of the detector detected by the source range detector is stable, and the value measurement accuracy of the control rod can be ensured.

In one embodiment, the initial state further comprises: the reactor core boron concentration of the reactor is within a preset range, and the reactor control method further comprises the following steps: the second target control rod is controlled to be changed into an adjusting rod position from an inserting rod position, and the first target control rod and each remaining control rod are kept at a lifting rod position, wherein the adjusting rod position is a state that a control rod part is inserted; executing an adjusting step, the adjusting step comprising: diluting the boron concentration of the reactor; and after the reactor meets the preset stop dilution criterion, controlling the second target control rod to continuously change the rod position along the direction from the rod position adjustment to the rod position extraction until the reactor reaches the critical state, and stopping changing the second target control rod position.

Wherein the adjusting rod position is one rod position positioned in the inserting rod position and the extracting rod position, and can be 170 steps for example. The boron concentration is diluted by introducing water into the reactor loop. The critical state is that the number of new neutrons generated by nuclear fission of the reactor core just meets the requirement of continuous fission of the reactor, and the neutron generation rate is equal to the neutron extinction rate.

Specifically, the control rod value measurement process is basically completed, and at this time, the control rod state when the control rod value measurement is completed can be used as the initial state of the control rod when the reactor reaches the critical state for the first time, and at this time, the state of the control rod is as follows: the second target control rod is an inserting rod position, the rest control rods are extracting rod positions, the second target control rod is changed from the inserting rod position to an adjusting rod position only, the first target control rod and each rest control rod are kept at the extracting rod position, then boron concentration dilution is carried out on the reactor, when the dilution is close to a critical state, the reactor meets a preset stop dilution criterion, the second target control rod is controlled to continuously change the rod positions along the adjusting rod position to the extracting rod position direction until the reactor reaches the critical state, and the change of the second target control rod position is stopped. In a specific embodiment, the second target control rod is a temperature control rod, the rod position of the temperature control rod can be changed from an insertion rod position to an adjustment rod position, the value of the temperature control rod inserted into the reactor core part is reduced, the reactivity is introduced in a rapid, medium-speed and slow dilution mode based on the detector counting rate of the source range detector and the difference between the measured boron concentration and the theoretical critical boron concentration until the dilution stopping criterion is met, the dilution stopping criterion is generally that the countdown rate reaches 0.1 or the deviation between the measured boron concentration and the theoretical critical boron concentration is less than 30ppm, the temperature adjustment rod is lifted until the reactor core is critical, if the reactor core is not critical, the temperature adjustment rod is inserted back into the insertion rod position, and the operation of extracting the rod until the reactor core is critical is repeated after the equivalent reactivity is introduced through dilution.

In this embodiment, the final state of the control rod in the control rod value measurement process is set as the initial state of the first critical test of the reactor, and compared with the initial state of the first critical test of the reactor in the prior art, in which the rod positions of the temperature control rod and the power control rod are both insert rod positions, the method in this embodiment is more efficient, as compared with the method in which the rest control rods are proposed rod positions, the steps of test operations are greatly reduced, and only the rod position of the second target control rod is required to be changed from the insert rod position to the adjust rod position, while the rod position of the power control rod is required to be changed from the insert rod position to the propose rod position in the prior art, and the rod position of the temperature control rod is changed from the insert rod position to the adjust rod position.

In one embodiment, the reactor control method further comprises: if the second target control rod is lifted from the regulating rod position to the lifting rod position and the reactor still does not reach the critical state, the second target control rod is controlled to be changed to the regulating rod position, and the adjusting step is repeatedly executed until the reactor reaches the critical state.

Specifically, if the second target control rod is already lifted from the adjusting rod position to the lifting rod position and the reactor still does not reach the critical state, which means that the boron concentration in the reactor is still higher at this time, the second target control rod can be changed to the initial position, namely, the adjusting rod position, and the adjusting step is re-executed, namely, the boron concentration in the reactor is re-diluted, after the reactor meets the preset stopping dilution criterion, the operating step of controlling the second target control rod to move from the adjusting rod position to the lifting rod position is controlled, and whether the reactor reaches the critical state in the process is confirmed again, if the reactor does not reach the critical state, the steps are repeatedly executed again until the reactor reaches the critical state.

In this embodiment, the steps of repeatedly adjusting the rod position of the second target control rod and repeatedly diluting the boron concentration are set up, so that the reactor can be ensured to finally reach the critical state, and the normal operation of the reactor control process can be ensured.

In one embodiment, the reactor control method further comprises: determining the lifting and inserting parameters of a control rod with rod position change; and carrying out statistical analysis on each lifting and inserting parameter of the same control rod to finish the lifting and inserting performance verification test of the control rod.

The insertion parameter is a parameter for determining the insertion performance of the control rod, and may be a response speed or an insertion time. The faster the response speed of the control rod is, the better the lifting and inserting time accords with the input, which shows that the lifting and inserting performance of the control rod is better.

Specifically, the control rod is inserted in the process of measuring the value of the control rod, so that the insertion performance of the control rod can be measured while the value of the control rod is measured. The lifting and inserting parameters of the control rod with the rod position changed can be determined, statistical analysis is carried out on the lifting and inserting parameters of the same control rod, and the lifting and inserting performance of the control rod is determined, so that the lifting and inserting performance verification test of the control rod is completed.

In the embodiment, the control rod value measuring process and the control rod lifting and inserting performance determining process are combined, so that test operation can be reduced, and measuring efficiency is improved.

In a specific embodiment, a method for measuring the value of a control rod under a subcritical condition in the starting process of a reactor is provided for the situation that the reactor core state required by measuring the value of the control rod by the subcritical rod carving method is not available in the original starting process of a certain unit. The method needs to obtain the count rates of the source range detectors in the ARO state and the independent full-insertion state of each group of control rods, and meanwhile, the influence on the operation of operators and the test time in the starting process of the original unit needs to be as small as possible.

The original reactor starting scheme particularly refers to a process from the completion of a control rod falling time measurement test to the critical value, and mainly comprises a control rod lifting and inserting performance verification test and a first critical value test. The main contents of the control rod lifting and inserting performance verification test of the unit comprise:

Initial state of test: all control rods are positioned at the inserting rod positions; the concentration of the core boron is between 2300ppm and 2500 ppm; the reactor is in a hot shut down condition.

The test process comprises the following steps:

according to the random control rod arrangement sequence, the plug performance verification (5 steps-225 steps-5 steps-225 steps) is respectively carried out on all 9 groups of control rod groups (R, G, G2, N1, N2 and SA, SB, SC, SD). The primary critical test contents of the unit comprise:

initial state of test: r, G1, G2, N1, N2 are positioned at the inserting rod position, namely 5 extraction steps (part of SA rods of the unit are also positioned at 5 extraction steps), and the rest control rods are positioned at the extracting rod position, namely 225 steps; the concentration of the core boron is between 2300ppm and 2500 ppm; the reactor is in a thermal shutdown state; the temperature of a loop is stabilized between 290.4 and 293.4 ℃, and the pressure is stabilized between 153 and 155 bar.

The test process comprises the following steps:

Lifting control rods according to the sequence of a shutdown rod (comprising SA, SB, SC and SD rods), a power control rod (comprising G1, G2, N1 and N2 rods) and a temperature regulation rod (comprising R rods), and fully lifting the rest control rod groups to 225 steps except for the insertion of a part of the temperature regulation rod (such as the insertion of 170 steps); subsequently, the boron concentration and the rod position of the temperature regulating rod are adjusted to make the core critical.

However, in the embodiment of the application, the process of measuring the rod value by the subcritical rod carving method can be combined with the control rod lifting and inserting performance verification test and the first critical reaching test, so that the additional operation and time for the subcritical rod carving test are reduced to the greatest extent while the counting rate measurement of the source range detector in the target state is realized. A flow chart of the test procedure is shown in figure 3. Specifically, in one embodiment, in an initial state, i.e., the reactor is in a hot shutdown state; the temperature of a loop is stabilized between 290.4 and 293.4 ℃, the pressure is stabilized between 153 and 155bar, the concentration of core boron is between 2300ppm and 2500ppm, all control rods are positioned at the insertion rod position, namely, when 5 steps are performed, an SA rod is selected as a first target control rod, an R rod is selected as a second target control rod, and the rest SB, SC, SD, N, N1, G2 and G1 rods are all selected as the rest control rods. Firstly, according to the sequence of R, SB, SC, SD, N, N1, G2 and G1 rod groups, all second target control rods and the rest control rod groups are sequentially and fully lifted to the lifting rod positions, namely 225 steps, wherein the GN rod groups are lifted in a step-by-step mode; after all control rods except the SA rod are fully lifted, waiting for the counting rate of the source range detector to be stable, and acquiring data to obtain the counting rate of the source range detector in the state that the SA rod is inserted and the rest control rods are fully lifted; after the data acquisition is completed, the SA rod is lifted to 225 lifting steps at the maximum rod speed, the counting rate of the source range detector is waited to be stable, and the data acquisition is carried out to obtain the counting rate of the source range detector in the ARO state; after data acquisition is completed, the SB rod is inserted to a step 5 at the maximum rod speed, the counting rate of the source range detector is waited to be stable, and the acquired data is obtained to obtain the counting rate of the source range detector under the conditions that the SB rod is inserted and the rest control rods are fully extracted; repeating the measuring process to measure the counting rate of the source range detector when the SC, SD, G1, G2, N1, N2 and R rod groups are inserted; and (3) after the measurement of the counting rate of the source range detector when the R rod is inserted to the step 5 is finished, the R rod is inserted, the counting rate of the source range detector in different states required by the measurement of the rod value by the subcritical rod carving method is obtained, and the verification of the rod inserting and lifting performance is finished.

At this time, the reactor is in a thermal shutdown state, the temperature of a loop is stabilized between 290.4 and 293.4 ℃, the pressure is stabilized between 153 and 155bar, the concentration of core boron is between 2300ppm and 2500ppm, and the weight of other control rods except the R rod is 5 steps is raised to 225 steps, so that the initial state of the test for performing the first critical test is satisfied, and the first critical test can be directly started at this time.

Specifically, the test procedure included: the temperature control rods (i.e., R-rods) are raised to the tuning rod positions, reducing the value of the insertion of the temperature tuning rods into the core section (e.g., steps up to 170). Then, based on the source span detector countdown rate and the difference between the measured boron concentration and the theoretical critical boron concentration, the reactivity is introduced in a fast, medium speed, slow dilution manner until the stop dilution criterion is met, wherein the stop dilution criterion is generally considered to be met when the countdown rate reaches 0.1 or the measured boron concentration deviates from the theoretical critical boron concentration by less than 30 ppm. After the dilution stopping criterion is met, lifting the temperature regulating rod until the reactor core is critical, if the temperature regulating rod cannot be critical, inserting the temperature regulating rod back to the initial position, introducing the equivalent reactivity through dilution again, and repeating the operation of lifting the rod until the reactor core is critical.

In one specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the reactor control method includes:

Step S401, in an initial state, selecting a first target control rod, a second target control rod and the rest control rods except the first target control rod and the second target control rod from all control rods of the reactor;

Wherein, the initial state includes: the reactor is in a thermal shutdown state, and all control rods are in the condition of inserting rod positions;

step S402, determining a plurality of power control rods belonging to a power rod group in a second target control rod and each remaining control rod;

step S403, for each power control rod in the same power rod group, changing each power control rod from an inserted rod position to a proposed rod position by adopting an alternately proposed step-by-step mode, and acquiring a first counting rate of a source range detector at the current moment and a second counting rate of the source range detector at the historical moment;

step S404, determining the first counting rate as the corresponding detector counting rate when the first target control rod is positioned at the inserting rod position under the condition that the statistical values of the first counting rate and the second counting rate meet the stable condition;

step S405, controlling a first target control rod to change into a proposed rod position, and obtaining the total lift count rate of the reactor;

Step S406, executing the following steps for each remaining control rod: the method comprises the steps of controlling a residual control rod to be changed into an insertion rod position, obtaining a corresponding detector counting rate when the residual control rod is positioned in the insertion rod position, and controlling the residual rod to be changed from the insertion rod position to a lifting rod position;

Step S407, controlling the second target control rod to be changed into an insertion rod position, and obtaining the corresponding detector count rate when the second target control rod is positioned in the insertion rod position;

Step S408, carrying out statistical analysis on the total lifting count rate and the detector count rate corresponding to each control rod to determine the control rod value of the reactor;

wherein the initial state further comprises: the core boron concentration of the reactor is within a preset range;

step S409, the second target control rod is controlled to be changed from the insertion rod position to the adjustment rod position, and the first target control rod and the rest control rods are kept at the extraction rod position;

Wherein the adjusting rod position is in a state of partially inserting the control rod;

Step S410, diluting the boron concentration of the reactor; after the reactor meets a preset stop dilution criterion, controlling a second target control rod to continuously change the rod position to the lifting rod position along the direction from the rod position adjustment to the lifting rod position;

step S411, judging whether the reactor reaches a critical state;

step S412, if the reactor does not reach the critical state, returning to step S410;

Step S413, stopping changing the second target control rod position if the reactor reaches the critical state;

step S414, determining the lifting and inserting parameters of the control rod with the rod position changed, and carrying out statistical analysis on each lifting and inserting parameter of the same control rod to finish the lifting and inserting performance verification test of the control rod.

It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts related to the embodiments described above are sequentially shown as indicated by arrows, these steps are not necessarily sequentially performed in the order indicated by the arrows. The steps are not strictly limited to the order of execution unless explicitly recited herein, and the steps may be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some of the steps in the flowcharts described in the above embodiments may include a plurality of steps or a plurality of stages, which are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, and the order of the steps or stages is not necessarily performed sequentially, but may be performed alternately or alternately with at least some of the other steps or stages.

Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the application also provides a reactor control device for realizing the reactor control method. The implementation of the solution provided by the apparatus is similar to that described in the above method, so specific limitations in one or more embodiments of the reactor control apparatus provided below may be referred to above as limitations of the reactor control method, and will not be described herein.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, there is provided a reactor control apparatus comprising: a control rod selection module 502, a detector count rate determination module 504, a full lift count rate determination module 506, a remaining control rod execution module 508, and a control rod value determination module 510, wherein:

A control rod selection module 502 for selecting a first target control rod, a second target control rod, and remaining control rods other than the first target control rod and the second target control rod from all control rods of the reactor in an initial state; wherein, the initial state includes: the reactor is in a thermal shutdown state, and all control rods are in the condition of inserting rod positions;

The detector count rate determining module 504 is configured to control the second target control rod and each remaining control rod to change from an insertion rod position to a proposed rod position, and obtain a detector count rate corresponding to the first target control rod when the first target control rod is located at the insertion rod position;

The full lift count rate determining module 506 is configured to control the first target control rod to change to a lift rod position, and obtain a full lift count rate of the reactor;

The remaining control rod executing module 508 is configured to execute the following steps for the remaining control rods: the method comprises the steps of controlling a residual control rod to be changed into an insertion rod position, obtaining a corresponding detector counting rate when the residual control rod is positioned in the insertion rod position, and controlling the residual rod to be changed from the insertion rod position to a lifting rod position;

the detector count rate determining module 504 is further configured to control the second target control rod to change to an insertion rod position, and obtain a detector count rate corresponding to the second target control rod when the second target control rod is located at the insertion rod position;

the control rod value determining module 510 is configured to perform statistical analysis on the total lifting count rate and the detector count rates corresponding to the control rods, and determine the control rod value of the reactor.

In one embodiment, the detector count rate first determination module is configured to: determining a plurality of power control rods belonging to the power rod group in the second target control rod and each remaining control rod; for each power control rod in the same power rod group, the alternately proposed step-by-step mode is adopted to change each power control rod from an insertion rod position to a proposed rod position.

In one embodiment, the detector count rate determination module is further to: acquiring a first counting rate of a source range detector at a current moment and a second counting rate of the source range detector at a historical moment; and under the condition that the statistical values of the first counting rate and the second counting rate meet the stable condition, determining the first counting rate as the corresponding detector counting rate when the first target control rod is positioned at the inserted rod position.

In one embodiment, the initial state further comprises: the core boron concentration of the reactor is within a preset range. In the case of this embodiment, the reactor control device further comprises a reactor reaching critical test module, in particular for: the second target control rod is controlled to be changed into an adjusting rod position from an inserting rod position, and the first target control rod and each remaining control rod are kept at a lifting rod position, wherein the adjusting rod position is a state that a control rod part is inserted; executing an adjusting step, the adjusting step comprising: diluting the boron concentration of the reactor; and after the reactor meets the preset stop dilution criterion, controlling the second target control rod to continuously change the rod position along the direction from the rod position adjustment to the rod position extraction until the reactor reaches the critical state, and stopping changing the second target control rod position.

In one embodiment, the reactor control device further comprises an adjustment step repetition execution module, specifically configured to: if the second target control rod is lifted from the regulating rod position to the lifting rod position and the reactor still does not reach the critical state, the second target control rod is controlled to be changed to the regulating rod position, and the adjusting step is repeatedly executed until the reactor reaches the critical state.

In one embodiment, the reactor control device further comprises an insertion performance determining module, specifically configured to: determining the lifting and inserting parameters of a control rod with rod position change; and carrying out statistical analysis on each lifting and inserting parameter of the same control rod to finish the lifting and inserting performance verification test of the control rod.

In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a terminal, and the internal structure of which may be as shown in fig. 6. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, a communication interface, a display screen, and an input device connected by a system bus. Wherein the processor of the computer device is configured to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage media. The communication interface of the computer device is used for carrying out wired or wireless communication with an external terminal, and the wireless mode can be realized through WIFI, a mobile cellular network, NFC (near field communication) or other technologies. The computer program when executed by a processor implements a method of reactor control. The display screen of the computer equipment can be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen, and the input device of the computer equipment can be a touch layer covered on the display screen, can also be keys, a track ball or a touch pad arranged on the shell of the computer equipment, and can also be an external keyboard, a touch pad or a mouse and the like.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the structure shown in FIG. 6 is merely a block diagram of some of the structures associated with the present inventive arrangements and is not limiting of the computer device to which the present inventive arrangements may be applied, and that a particular computer device may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine some of the components, or have a different arrangement of components.

In one embodiment, a computer device is provided comprising a memory having a computer program stored therein and a processor that implements the steps of the method described above when the computer program is executed.

In one embodiment, a computer readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above method.

In an embodiment, a computer program product is provided comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above method.

The user information (including but not limited to user equipment information, user personal information, etc.) and the data (including but not limited to data for analysis, stored data, presented data, etc.) related to the present application are information and data authorized by the user or sufficiently authorized by each party.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that implementing all or part of the above described methods may be accomplished by way of a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which when executed, may comprise the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, database, or other medium used in embodiments provided herein may include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. The nonvolatile Memory may include Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash Memory, optical Memory, high density embedded nonvolatile Memory, resistive random access Memory (ReRAM), magneto-resistive random access Memory (Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory, MRAM), ferroelectric Memory (Ferroelectric Random Access Memory, FRAM), phase change Memory (PHASE CHANGE Memory, PCM), graphene Memory, and the like. Volatile memory can include random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) or external cache memory, and the like. By way of illustration, and not limitation, RAM can be in various forms such as static random access memory (Static Random Access Memory, SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (Dynamic Random Access Memory, DRAM), etc. The databases referred to in the embodiments provided herein may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. The non-relational database may include, but is not limited to, a blockchain-based distributed database, and the like. The processor referred to in the embodiments provided in the present application may be a general-purpose processor, a central processing unit, a graphics processor, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic unit, a data processing logic unit based on quantum computing, or the like, but is not limited thereto.

The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.

The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of the application should be assessed as that of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method of reactor control, the method comprising:

In an initial state, selecting a first target control rod, a second target control rod and the remaining control rods except the first target control rod and the second target control rod from all control rods of the reactor; wherein the initial state includes: the reactor is in a thermal shutdown state, and all the control rods are in the condition of inserting rod positions;

Controlling the second target control rod and each remaining control rod to change from the insertion rod position to a lifting rod position, and obtaining a corresponding detector counting rate when the first target control rod is positioned at the insertion rod position;

controlling the first target control rod to change into a proposed rod position, and acquiring the total lifting count rate of the reactor;

The following steps are respectively executed for each remaining control rod: controlling the residual control rod to change into an insertion rod position, obtaining the corresponding detector count rate when the residual control rod is positioned at the insertion rod position, and controlling the residual rod to change from the insertion rod position to the extraction rod position;

Controlling the second target control rod to be changed into an insertion rod position, and obtaining the corresponding detector counting rate when the second target control rod is positioned at the insertion rod position;

And carrying out statistical analysis on the total lifting count rate and the detector count rate corresponding to each control rod, and determining the value of the control rod of the reactor.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said controlling said second target control rod and each of said remaining control rods to change from said insert rod position to a lift rod position comprises:

Determining a plurality of power control rods belonging to a power rod group in the second target control rod and each remaining control rod;

And for each power control rod in the same power rod group, changing each power control rod from an inserting rod position to a lifting rod position by adopting an alternately lifting step mode.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining the corresponding detector count rate for the first target control rod in the insert rod position comprises:

Acquiring a first counting rate of a source range detector at a current moment and a second counting rate of the source range detector at a historical moment;

And under the condition that the statistical values of the first counting rate and the second counting rate meet a stable condition, determining the first counting rate as a corresponding detector counting rate when the first target control rod is positioned at the insertion rod position.

4. The reactor control method according to claim 1, wherein the initial state further comprises: the reactor core boron concentration of the reactor is within a preset range, and the method further comprises:

The second target control rod is controlled to be changed into an adjusting rod position from the inserting rod position, and the first target control rod and the remaining control rods are kept at the extracting rod position, wherein the adjusting rod position is a state that a control rod is partially inserted;

Performing an adjustment step, the adjustment step comprising: diluting the boron concentration of the reactor; and after the reactor meets a preset stop and dilution criterion, controlling the second target control rod to continuously change the rod position along the direction from the adjusting rod position to the extracting rod position until the reactor reaches a critical state, and stopping changing the second target control rod position.

5. The reactor control method as set forth in claim 4, further comprising:

And if the second target control rod is lifted from the regulating rod position to the lifting rod position and the reactor still does not reach the critical state, controlling the second target control rod to be changed to the regulating rod position, and repeatedly executing the adjusting step until the reactor reaches the critical state.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising:

Determining the lifting and inserting parameters of the control rod with the rod position change;

And carrying out statistical analysis on each lifting and inserting parameter of the same control rod to finish the lifting and inserting performance verification test of the control rod.

7. A reactor control apparatus, the apparatus comprising:

a control rod selection module for selecting a first target control rod, a second target control rod, and remaining control rods other than the first target control rod and the second target control rod from all control rods of the reactor in an initial state; wherein the initial state includes: the reactor is in a thermal shutdown state, and all the control rods are in the condition of inserting rod positions;

The detector counting rate determining module is used for controlling the second target control rod and each remaining control rod to change from the insertion rod position to the extraction rod position and obtaining the corresponding detector counting rate when the first target control rod is positioned at the insertion rod position;

The full lifting count rate determining module is used for controlling the first target control rod to be changed into a lifting rod position and obtaining the full lifting count rate of the reactor;

The residual control rod execution module is used for respectively executing the following steps for each residual control rod: controlling the residual control rod to change into an insertion rod position, obtaining the corresponding detector count rate when the residual control rod is positioned at the insertion rod position, and controlling the residual rod to change from the insertion rod position to the extraction rod position;

the detector counting rate determining module is further used for controlling the second target control rod to be changed into an insertion rod position, and obtaining the corresponding detector counting rate when the second target control rod is positioned at the insertion rod position;

And the control rod value determining module is used for carrying out statistical analysis on the total lifting count rate and the detector count rate corresponding to each control rod to determine the control rod value of the reactor.

8. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 6 when the computer program is executed.

9. A computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 6.