CN117133490B - Method and system for shortening establishment process of pebble-bed high-temperature air-cooled primary-loading core - Google Patents

Method and system for shortening establishment process of pebble-bed high-temperature air-cooled primary-loading core Download PDF

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CN117133490B
CN117133490B CN202310915681.3A CN202310915681A CN117133490B CN 117133490 B CN117133490 B CN 117133490B CN 202310915681 A CN202310915681 A CN 202310915681A CN 117133490 B CN117133490 B CN 117133490B
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burnable poison
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CN117133490A (en
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罗勇
吕华权
汪景新
周勤
刘伟
孙惠敏
刘嵩阳
李雪琳
王朗
郭若楠
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Huaneng Nuclear Energy Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for shortening the establishment process of a pebble-bed high-temperature air-cooled primary-loading core, which comprises the following steps: according to the materials and structural parameters of each component, a physical calculation model of the first loading and initial loading core building process of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor is built; adding a burnable poison into the graphite sphere, the fuel element or both, and selecting a feasible burnable poison adding scheme by using a physical calculation model; carrying out safety evaluation on the primary charging and primary core-building processes aiming at a feasible combustible poison adding scheme, and selecting an optimal combustible poison adding scheme according to the safety evaluation result; the invention reduces the graphite ball consumption, improves the operation power level in the initial core-building stage, shortens the initial core-building time, and greatly improves the economy of the ball bed type high-temperature gas cooled reactor.

Description

Method and system for shortening establishment process of pebble-bed high-temperature air-cooled primary-loading core
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reactor core fuel management and operation, in particular to a method and a system for shortening a ball bed type high-temperature air-cooled primary reactor core establishment process.
Background
Unlike conventional pressurized water reactor fuel assemblies, the fuel elements of a pebble bed high temperature gas cooled reactor are typically 6cm diameter pebble elements, and tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of such fuel elements are disposed throughout the core.
The fuel loading process for pebble bed high temperature gas cooled reactors is also different from pressurized water reactors, which fill the entire core with fuel assemblies at a time. The ball bed type high temperature gas cooled reactor is to fill pure graphite ball cushion layer with certain height (the shape is the same as the fuel element, but no uranium is contained) on the lower part of the reactor core, then fill mixed fuel (the mixed ball formed by the fuel element and the graphite ball according to certain proportion) with certain height on the graphite ball cushion layer, to reach the initial full loading height, and complete the first filling. After the primary loading, the primary loading reactor core is built, namely the reactor runs under a certain power, the reactor core is continuously loaded with the mixed fuel at the initial full loading height, so that the mixed fuel reaches the whole active section height, then the graphite spheres of the pure graphite sphere cushion layer are gradually discharged, and simultaneously, an equal amount of the mixed fuel is added to the upper part of the reactor core, so that the height of the pure graphite sphere cushion layer is gradually reduced, the height of the mixed fuel is gradually increased until the whole active section is completely formed by the mixed fuel, and the primary loading reactor core building is completed.
Thus, the initial loading core build-up process can be described as increasing the mixed fuel loading to the active leg height above the initial full loading height to the process of discharging the pure graphite sphere mat to achieve full mixed fuel loading of the active leg of the core. In the initial loading core establishment process, the time for discharging the pure graphite ball cushion layer is mainly spent, and often is more than several months, because the quantity of core fuel elements is small in the stage, the reactor backup reactivity is small, the power limit of a single fuel element is added, the reactor operation power is lower, and the loading and changing speed is low (the loading and changing speed is in direct proportion to the reactor power). Thus, if the height of the graphite flake layers can be reduced at the time of initial full loading, or the loading height/loading amount of the mixed fuel can be increased, the time for initial core build-up (the number of graphite flakes of the pure graphite flake layers is reduced, and the discharge time is reduced). In addition, the loading capacity of the primary-loading core mixed fuel is increased, the average power of single fuel elements can be reduced due to the increase of the fuel elements, and the reactor operating power can be properly increased in the primary-loading core establishment process, so that the graphite nodule discharging speed is increased, and the primary-loading core establishment time is further shortened.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is intended to outline some aspects of embodiments of the application and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section as well as in the description of the application and in the title of the application, which may not be used to limit the scope of the application.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems.
In a first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a method for shortening a process of establishing a pebble-bed high-temperature air-cooled primary-loading core is provided, including: according to the materials and structural parameters of each component, a physical calculation model of the first loading and initial loading core building process of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor is built; adding a burnable poison into the graphite nodules, the fuel elements or both, and selecting a feasible burnable poison addition scheme by using the physical calculation model; and carrying out safety evaluation on the primary charging and primary core building process aiming at the feasible combustible poison adding scheme, and selecting an optimal combustible poison adding scheme according to the safety evaluation result.
As a preferable scheme of the method for shortening the ball bed type high-temperature air-cooled primary loading core establishment process, the invention comprises the following steps: the materials and structural parameters of the various assemblies include the diameter and height of the core, the loading and enrichment of the fuel elements, and the materials and structural parameters of the control rods, the absorption balls, the graphite internals, the carbon internals, the metal internals.
As a preferable scheme of the method for shortening the ball bed type high-temperature air-cooled primary loading core establishment process, the invention comprises the following steps: the establishment of the physical computing model includes,
Dividing the reactor core active area into a plurality of linear flow channels with equal cross sections in the radial direction, and sequentially layering the linear flow channels in the axial direction according to the sequence from the center to the edge;
Dividing the whole stack into a plurality of spectrum regions with equal volumes, and using the spectrum regions as basic units for energy spectrum calculation and fuel cycle simulation, wherein a graphite ball cushion layer and a mixed fuel element flow layer by layer from top to bottom in the axial direction, and no transverse flow exists among the straight flow channels in the radial direction, so that the simulation of core ball flow and the establishment of a physical calculation model are realized;
After the physical calculation model is established, the influence of the mixing ball proportion, the running power, the primary loop flow, the fuel element enrichment degree and the circulation times on the reactor core safety parameter is evaluated according to the calculation data, the sensitivity parameter is obtained, and a feasible burnable poison adding scheme is selected according to the sensitivity coefficient.
As a preferable scheme of the method for shortening the ball bed type high-temperature air-cooled primary loading core establishment process, the invention comprises the following steps: the selection of the burnable poison addition regimen includes,
Considering that the graphite nodules can be directly discharged out of the reactor core in the initial reactor core establishment process, the influence on the operation of the subsequent reactor is far smaller than that of the fuel element, preferably, the combustible poison is added into the graphite nodules, and according to specific physical calculation results and operation requirements, the combustible poison is added into the fuel element or both;
The initial full-loading mixed fuel loading of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor is increased, the height of a pure graphite ball cushion layer is reduced, the initial core loading building time can be shortened, namely, a certain negative reactivity can be introduced by adding the burnable poison on the basis of the original reactor core loading, and the backup reactivity is reduced, so that the initial full-loading mixed fuel loading of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor is increased;
the calculation of the negative reactivity of the burnable poison includes,
keff＝ε·p·f·η·Ps·Pd
Wherein epsilon represents a fast neutron multiplication factor, P represents an escape resonance absorption probability, f represents a thermal neutron utilization coefficient, eta represents an effective fissile neutron number, P s represents a moderation non-leakage probability, and P d represents a diffusion non-leakage probability;
Under certain mixed fuel loading conditions, adding a burnable poison to the reactor core, wherein the burnable poison absorbs a part of neutrons, and the increase of the number of all absorbed thermal neutrons leads to the reduction of the thermal neutron utilization coefficient, so that the reactivity of the reactor core is reduced, and the formula is as follows:
Wherein, Indicating the reactivity of the core.
As a preferable scheme of the method for shortening the ball bed type high-temperature air-cooled primary loading core establishment process, the invention comprises the following steps: also included is a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device,
The addition amount of the burnable poison cannot be too much or too little, if the addition amount is too much, even if the active section of the reactor core is fully filled with the mixed fuel, the mixed fuel cannot be critical, if the addition amount is too little, the effect of increasing the mixed fuel loading amount is limited, namely, the reasonable loading amount is calculated and selected through the physical calculation model.
As a preferable scheme of the method for shortening the ball bed type high-temperature air-cooled primary loading core establishment process, the invention comprises the following steps: the process safety evaluation includes the steps of,
Safety evaluation is carried out on the first loading and initial loading core building process aiming at each selected burnable poison adding scheme, so that the whole process of the burnable poison adding scheme meets the requirements of safety parameters specified by a reactor safety analysis report, and each safety limit value does not exceed the standard under any working condition;
The reactor safety analysis reports specified safety parameters including reactor-loop pressure, fuel element maximum temperature, single sphere maximum power, inlet and outlet temperatures, and maximum discharge burnup.
As a preferable scheme of the method for shortening the ball bed type high-temperature air-cooled primary loading core establishment process, the invention comprises the following steps: the selection of the optimal burnable poison addition scheme includes,
For a feasible burnable poison addition scheme passing the safety evaluation, the optimal burnable poison addition scheme is determined by comprehensively considering the aspects of fuel economy, safety margin, initial reactor core building time, reactor operating power level and loading and reloading speed.
In a second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a system for shortening a process for establishing a pebble-bed high-temperature air-cooled primary-loading core is provided, including:
The model building unit is used for building a physical calculation model of the first loading and initial loading core building process of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor according to the materials and structural parameters of each component;
an addition scheme selection unit for adding a burnable poison into the graphite sphere, the fuel element, or both, and selecting a viable burnable poison addition scheme using the physical calculation model;
And the evaluation preferential unit is used for carrying out safety evaluation on the primary charging and primary core-loading establishment process aiming at the feasible burnable poison adding scheme, and selecting the optimal burnable poison adding scheme according to the safety evaluation result.
In a third aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus, comprising,
A processor;
a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
the processor is configured to invoke the instructions stored in the memory to perform the method according to any of the embodiments of the present invention.
In a fourth aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions comprising:
the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, implement a method according to any of the embodiments of the present invention.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method and the system for shortening the establishment process of the pebble-bed high-temperature air-cooled primary-loading core reduce the height of the graphite nodule cushion, namely reduce the dosage of the graphite nodule, greatly reduce the purchase cost of the graphite nodule, save the investment of a power station and improve the economy; simultaneously, the demand of graphite nodules is reduced, so that the discharge quantity of the graphite nodules of the primary-loading core stack is reduced, and the time for building the primary-loading core stack is obviously reduced; in addition, the invention increases the loading capacity of the initial full-loading mixed fuel, improves the power level of the initial loading pile establishing process, increases the loading and reloading speed, further reduces the initial loading pile core establishing time, shortens the debugging period of a power station and greatly improves the economy of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled pile.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method and system for reducing the build-up process of a pebble-bed high temperature gas cooled primary reactor core provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fuel element of a pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor for shortening the process of establishing a pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled primary reactor core and a pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled primary reactor fuel element of the system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first loading zone of a pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor in accordance with the method and system for shortening the initial pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor core establishment process;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of initial full charge of a pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor in a method and system for shortening the process of establishing a pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled initial charge core;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a core load change during initial loading of a pebble-bed high temperature gas cooled reactor in accordance with the method and system for reducing the initial loading of the pebble-bed high temperature gas cooled reactor;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of loading a pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor core in a method and a system for shortening the process of establishing the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor core.
Detailed Description
So that the manner in which the above recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to the embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Further, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic can be included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings, the cross-sectional view of the device structure is not to scale in the general sense for ease of illustration, and the drawings are merely exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. In addition, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in actual fabrication.
Also in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper, lower, inner and outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first, second, or third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The terms "mounted, connected, and coupled" should be construed broadly in this disclosure unless otherwise specifically indicated and defined, such as: can be fixed connection, detachable connection or integral connection; it may also be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a direct connection, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or may be a communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-6, in one embodiment of the present invention, a method is provided for shortening the process of establishing a pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled primary reactor core, wherein the fuel elements of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor are different from the conventional pressurized water reactor fuel assemblies, generally spherical elements with the diameter of 6cm (as shown in fig. 2), and tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of such fuel elements are arranged in the whole reactor core, and the schematic diagrams of the process of loading and establishing the primary reactor core of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor are shown in fig. 3-6. The method aims to increase the initial full-load mixed fuel loading capacity of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor, shorten the initial loading core establishment process, reduce the graphite ball consumption, improve the operating power level of the initial loading core establishment stage, shorten the initial loading core establishment time and greatly improve the economy of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor. The method comprises the following specific steps:
S1: and (3) establishing a physical calculation model of the initial loading and initial loading core establishment process of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor according to the materials and structural parameters of each component. It should be noted that:
the materials and structural parameters of each assembly include the diameter and height of the core, the loading and enrichment of the fuel elements, and the materials and structural parameters of the control rods, the absorption balls, the graphite internals, the carbon internals, the metal internals;
furthermore, the first loading and initial loading core establishment process of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor is different from that of a pressurized water reactor, different loading areas such as graphite ball cushion layers and mixed fuels exist in the reactor core, the heights of the different loading areas are gradually changed (as shown in fig. 3-6), the whole process is quite complex, and therefore an accurate physical calculation model needs to be established, and analysis and calculation are carried out on the whole process.
It should be noted that, the establishment of the physical computing model includes,
Dividing the reactor core active area into a plurality of linear flow channels with equal cross sections in the radial direction, and sequentially layering the linear flow channels in the axial direction according to the sequence from the center to the edge;
Dividing the whole stack into a plurality of spectrum regions with equal volumes, and taking the spectrum regions as basic units for energy spectrum calculation and fuel circulation simulation, wherein a graphite ball cushion layer and a mixed fuel element flow layer by layer from top to bottom in the axial direction, and no transverse flow exists among all straight flow channels in the radial direction, so that the simulation of the core ball flow and the establishment of a physical calculation model are realized;
after the physical calculation model is established, the influence of the mixing ball proportion, the running power, the primary loop flow, the fuel element enrichment degree and the circulation times on the reactor core safety parameter is evaluated according to the calculation data, the sensitivity parameter is obtained, and a feasible burnable poison adding scheme is selected according to the sensitivity coefficient.
S2: adding a burnable poison into the graphite nodules, the fuel elements or both, and selecting a feasible burnable poison addition scheme by using a physical calculation model. It should be noted that:
For the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor, since new fuel elements are loaded for the first time, no fission poison is needed, the critical operation can be realized with less loading capacity, and the safety requirement of shutdown margin is added, so that the mixed fuel loading only occupies a part of the stack-type active section during the initial full loading (see fig. 4), and a pure graphite sphere cushion layer is needed to be added at the lower part. The higher the graphite nodule bed, the longer it takes to discharge all of the graphite nodules therein, i.e., the longer the initial core build-up time. Therefore, the initial full-loading mixed fuel loading amount of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor is increased, the height of a pure graphite pebble-bed layer is reduced, and the initial core loading building time can be shortened;
No combustible poison is adopted in the domestic ball bed type high temperature gas cooled reactor, namely HTR-10 or HTR-PM. The effect of the burnable poison is to offset the excess backup reactivity of the majority of the first charge of the reactor. For the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor, the addition of the burnable poison can introduce certain negative reactivity on the basis of the original reactor core loading, and the backup reactivity is reduced, so that the initial full-loading mixed fuel loading is increased;
specifically, the calculation of the negative reactivity of the burnable poison includes,
keff＝ε·p·f·η·Ps·Pd
Wherein epsilon represents a fast neutron multiplication factor, P represents an escape resonance absorption probability, f represents a thermal neutron utilization coefficient, eta represents an effective fissile neutron number, P s represents a moderation non-leakage probability, and P d represents a diffusion non-leakage probability;
Under the condition that mixed fuel is loaded with a certain amount, adding a burnable poison to the reactor core, wherein the burnable poison absorbs a part of neutrons, and the increase of the number of all absorbed thermal neutrons leads to the reduction of the thermal neutron utilization coefficient, so that the reactivity of the reactor core is reduced, and the formula is as follows:
Wherein, Indicating the reactivity of the core;
It should be noted that as to whether a burnable poison is added to the graphite pellets or the fuel element, or to both, this can be accomplished physically in the reactor. Considering that the graphite pellets can be directly discharged from the reactor core (and possibly partially reentered into the reactor for one cycle) in the initial loading core establishment process, the influence on the operation of the subsequent reactor is far smaller than that of the fuel elements (generally passing through the reactor core for many times), and the punishment of the burnable poison can be avoided or reduced, so that the addition of the burnable poison into the graphite pellets is preferable. Of course, depending on the specific physical calculation results and operating requirements, a burnable poison may be added to the fuel element or both;
It should be noted that the addition amount of the burnable poison cannot be too much or too little, and if too much addition is performed, even if the active core section is fully filled with the mixed fuel, it cannot be critical, and if too little addition has a limited effect of increasing the mixed fuel load, that is, the reasonable load is calculated and selected by a physical calculation model.
S3: and carrying out safety evaluation on the primary charging and primary core building process aiming at the feasible burnable poison adding scheme, and selecting the optimal burnable poison adding scheme according to the safety evaluation result. It should be noted that:
the process safety evaluation includes the steps of,
Safety evaluation is carried out on the first loading and initial loading core building process aiming at each selected burnable poison adding scheme, so that the whole process of the burnable poison adding scheme meets the requirements of safety parameters specified by a reactor safety analysis report, and each safety limit value does not exceed the standard under any working condition;
The safety parameters specified by the reactor safety analysis report comprise the reactor primary loop pressure, the highest temperature of the fuel element, the maximum power of the single ball, the inlet and outlet temperatures and the maximum unloading burnup;
further, the selection of the optimal burnable poison addition scheme includes,
For a feasible burnable poison addition scheme passing the safety evaluation, the optimal burnable poison addition scheme is determined by comprehensively considering the aspects of fuel economy, safety margin, initial reactor core building time, reactor operating power level and loading and reloading speed.
It should be noted that the method and the system provided by the invention can shorten the establishment process of the pebble bed type high-temperature air-cooled primary-loading core, reduce the height of the graphite ball cushion layer, namely reduce the dosage of graphite balls, greatly reduce the purchase cost of graphite balls, save the investment of a power station and improve the economy; simultaneously, the demand of graphite nodules is reduced, so that the discharge quantity of the graphite nodules of the primary-loading core stack is reduced, and the time for building the primary-loading core stack is obviously reduced; in addition, the invention increases the loading capacity of the initial full-loading mixed fuel, improves the power level of the initial loading pile establishing process, increases the loading and reloading speed, further reduces the initial loading pile core establishing time, shortens the debugging period of a power station and greatly improves the economy of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled pile.
In a second aspect of the present disclosure,
A system for shortening the build-up process of a pebble-bed high temperature gas cooled primary reactor core is provided, comprising:
The model building unit is used for building a physical calculation model of the first loading and initial loading core building process of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor according to the materials and structural parameters of each component;
An addition scheme selection unit for adding a burnable poison into the graphite sphere, the fuel element or both, and selecting a feasible burnable poison addition scheme by using a physical calculation model;
and the evaluation preferential unit is used for carrying out safety evaluation on the primary charging and primary core-stacking establishment process aiming at a feasible combustible poison adding scheme, and selecting an optimal combustible poison adding scheme according to the safety evaluation result.
In a third aspect of the present disclosure,
There is provided an apparatus comprising:
A processor;
a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
Wherein the processor is configured to invoke the instructions stored in the memory to perform the method of any of the preceding.
In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure,
There is provided a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions comprising:
the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, implement a method of any of the preceding.
The present invention may be a method, apparatus, system, and/or computer program product, which may include a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions embodied thereon for performing various aspects of the present invention.
The computer readable storage medium may be a tangible device that can hold and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable storage medium would include the following: portable computer disks, hard disks, random Access Memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), static Random Access Memory (SRAM), portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital Versatile Disks (DVD), memory sticks, floppy disks, mechanical coding devices, punch cards or in-groove structures such as punch cards or grooves having instructions stored thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Computer-readable storage media, as used herein, are not to be construed as transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through waveguides or other transmission media (e.g., optical pulses through fiber optic cables), or electrical signals transmitted through wires.
Example 2
The embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a verification test of a method and a system for shortening the process of establishing the ball bed type high-temperature air-cooled primary-loading core is provided, so as to verify and explain the technical effects adopted in the method.
Taking HTR-PM as an example of the demonstration engineering of a high-temperature gas cooled reactor nuclear power station, the lower pure graphite sphere cushion layer of the front reactor core is initially loaded with about 6m and about 240000 pure graphite spheres. The initial charge core build-up is to gradually unload the 240000 graphite nodules and replace them with the same amount of blended fuel. The discharge capacity of the HTR-PM fuel loading system is about 6000 elements/day, so the time to complete the initial loading core is about 240000/6000=40 days.
If the initial-charge mixed fuel load is increased, the initial-charge core setup time can be significantly reduced by correspondingly reducing the load of pure graphite spheres, for example, 120000 mixed fuel loads can be reduced by 120000/6000=20 days, and considerable progress and economic benefit can be brought about. Therefore, the method provided by the invention reduces the height of the graphite nodule layer, namely reduces the dosage of graphite nodules, greatly reduces the purchase cost of graphite nodules, saves the investment of a power station and improves the economy; simultaneously, the demand of graphite nodules is reduced, so that the discharge quantity of the graphite nodules of the primary-loading core stack is reduced, and the time for building the primary-loading core stack is obviously reduced; in addition, the invention increases the loading capacity of the initial full-loading mixed fuel, improves the power level of the initial loading pile establishing process, increases the loading and reloading speed, further reduces the initial loading pile core establishing time, shortens the debugging period of a power station and greatly improves the economy of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled pile.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method of shortening the build-up process of a pebble bed high temperature gas cooled primary reactor core, comprising:
According to the materials and structural parameters of each component, a physical calculation model of the first loading and initial loading core establishment process of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor is established;
Adding a burnable poison into the graphite nodules, the fuel elements or both, and selecting a feasible burnable poison addition scheme by using the physical calculation model;
performing safety evaluation of the primary loading and primary loading core building process aiming at the feasible burnable poison adding scheme, and selecting an optimal burnable poison adding scheme according to the safety evaluation result;
The material and structural parameters of each assembly comprise the diameter and height of the reactor core, the loading and enrichment degree of the fuel elements, and the material and structural parameters of control rods, absorption balls, graphite internals, carbon internals and metal internals;
the establishment of the physical calculation model comprises the steps of dividing a reactor core active area into a plurality of linear flow channels with equal cross sections in the radial direction, and sequentially layering the linear flow channels in the axial direction according to the sequence from the center to the edge;
Dividing the whole stack into a plurality of spectrum regions with equal volumes, and using the spectrum regions as basic units for energy spectrum calculation and fuel cycle simulation, wherein a graphite ball cushion layer and a mixed fuel element flow layer by layer from top to bottom in the axial direction, and no transverse flow exists among the straight flow channels in the radial direction, so that the simulation of core ball flow and the establishment of a physical calculation model are realized;
After the physical calculation model is established, evaluating the influence of the mixing ball proportion, the running power, the primary loop flow, the fuel element enrichment degree and the circulation times on the safety parameters of the reactor core according to calculation data to obtain a sensitivity parameter, and selecting a feasible burnable poison adding scheme according to the sensitivity coefficient;
the selection of the burnable poison addition regimen includes,
Considering that graphite nodules can be directly discharged out of a reactor core in the initial reactor core building process, the influence on the operation of a subsequent reactor is far smaller than that of a fuel element, adding a combustible poison into the graphite nodules, and adding the combustible poison into the fuel element or both according to specific physical calculation results and operation requirements;
The initial full-loading mixed fuel loading of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor is increased, the height of a pure graphite ball cushion layer is reduced, the initial core loading building time can be shortened, namely, a certain negative reactivity can be introduced by adding the burnable poison on the basis of the original reactor core loading, and the backup reactivity is reduced, so that the initial full-loading mixed fuel loading of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor is increased;
the calculation of the negative reactivity of the burnable poison includes,
keff＝ε·p·f·η·Ps·Pd
Wherein epsilon represents a fast neutron multiplication factor, P represents an escape resonance absorption probability, f represents a thermal neutron utilization coefficient, eta represents an effective fissile neutron number, P s represents a moderation non-leakage probability, and P d represents a diffusion non-leakage probability;
Under certain mixed fuel loading conditions, adding a burnable poison to the reactor core, wherein the burnable poison absorbs a part of neutrons, and the increase of the number of all absorbed thermal neutrons leads to the reduction of the thermal neutron utilization coefficient, so that the reactivity of the reactor core is reduced, and the formula is as follows:
Wherein, Indicating the reactivity of the core.
2. The method for shortening a pebble bed type high-temperature air-cooled primary-loading core establishment process according to claim 1, wherein: also included is a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device,
If the addition amount of the burnable poison is too large, even if the active section of the reactor core is fully filled with the mixed fuel, the critical operation cannot be realized, and if the addition amount of the burnable poison is too small, the effect of increasing the load capacity of the mixed fuel is limited, namely, the reasonable load capacity is calculated and selected through the physical calculation model.
3. The method for shortening the process of establishing the pebble bed type high-temperature air-cooled primary reactor core as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the process safety evaluation includes the steps of,
Safety evaluation is carried out on the first loading and initial loading core building process aiming at each selected burnable poison adding scheme, so that the whole process of the burnable poison adding scheme meets the requirements of safety parameters specified by a reactor safety analysis report, and each safety limit value does not exceed the standard under any working condition;
The reactor safety analysis reports specified safety parameters including reactor-loop pressure, fuel element maximum temperature, single sphere maximum power, inlet and outlet temperatures, and maximum discharge burnup.
4. A method of reducing a pebble bed high temperature gas cooled primary reactor core build-up process as defined in claim 3, wherein: the selection of the optimal burnable poison addition scheme includes,
For a feasible burnable poison addition scheme passing the safety evaluation, the optimal burnable poison addition scheme is determined by comprehensively considering the aspects of fuel economy, safety margin, initial reactor core building time, reactor operating power level and loading and reloading speed.
5. A system for shortening the build-up process of a pebble bed high temperature gas cooled primary reactor core, comprising:
The model building unit is used for building a physical calculation model of the first loading and initial loading core building process of the pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor according to the materials and structural parameters of each component;
an addition scheme selection unit for adding a burnable poison into the graphite sphere, the fuel element, or both, and selecting a viable burnable poison addition scheme using the physical calculation model;
And the evaluation preferential unit is used for carrying out safety evaluation on the primary charging and primary core-loading establishment process aiming at the feasible burnable poison adding scheme, and selecting the optimal burnable poison adding scheme according to the safety evaluation result.
6. An apparatus, characterized in that the apparatus comprises,
A processor;
a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
The processor is configured to invoke the instructions stored in the memory to perform the method of any of claims 1-4.
7. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions, which when executed by a processor, implement the method of any of claims 1 to 4.
CN202310915681.3A 2023-07-25 2023-07-25 Method and system for shortening establishment process of pebble-bed high-temperature air-cooled primary-loading core Active CN117133490B (en)

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