CN118033754A - Electrical prospecting method and surveying instrument based on direct excitation method - Google Patents
Electrical prospecting method and surveying instrument based on direct excitation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electrical prospecting method and surveying instrument based on direct excitation method, which comprises arranging a plurality of electrodes in a detected area to form an electrode matrix, taking any two electrodes as a group of transmitting and receiving AB electrodes, and taking the connection line of any two electrodes as a measuring area; applying square wave pulse to the selected AB electrode, and detecting square wave signals which change along with the impedance of the medium in a medium measuring loop; and traversing the AB electrode combinations of all the electrodes to obtain square wave signals of all the combinations, which change along with the impedance of the medium, and forming a data set of the square wave signals, which change along with the impedance of the medium. In a surveying instrument, the amplitude, pulse width, damping characteristic and the like of the square wave can be detected to change along with the impedance of the medium in a medium measuring loop by inputting the square wave pulse, and the change rule of the impedance can be directly obtained by using an intelligent extraction algorithm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to an electrical prospecting method and a surveying instrument, and relates to an electrical prospecting method and a surveying instrument based on a direct excitation method.
Background
Research in the field of geophysics is currently entering a new development period, and rapid development of science and technology also puts new requirements and opportunities on the traditional industry of geological exploration. The information technology and the new method of the high-precision tip provide powerful support, promote the rapid development of the traditional geological exploration industry and open up a new direction. The new technologies such as satellite positioning, wireless mobile network, artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data analysis and the like enable geological exploration to be carried out more effectively and accurately. However, the technology of geological body fine exploration and space-time change information real-time online monitoring still has technical difficulties, so the prior art faces unprecedented challenges. Developing high-precision, structured geological exploration instruments has become an urgent problem to be solved. The precision of the probe instrument is the key to the technology, so developing a new probe will be the key to better solve the above problems, applying a new theoretical basis and a new test principle.
The electrical prospecting is a method with the largest variety and the largest application range in geophysics, and is generally divided into an active source, a passive source and other electrical prospecting methods, wherein the active source electrical prospecting methods comprise: resistivity, excitation, charging and electromagnetic methods; the passive source electric exploration method comprises the following steps: natural electric field method, magnetotelluric sounding method and very low frequency electromagnetic method.
Conventional active power methods all require the establishment of a uniform and horizontal electric field distribution line in a region to be measured, and the detection of a secondary induction field formed in the region to be measured, thereby describing the characteristics of the region to be measured. The uniform and horizontal electric field distribution line only occupies a sixth volume area below the midpoint of the connecting line of the transmitting electrode AB, if the topography fluctuation is too large, the topography reflection is considered to be corrected, in order to improve the accuracy of detecting the secondary induction field formed by the detected area, the MN induction electrode needs to be greatly increased, the signal detection of the MN induction electrode needs to be isolated in a multipath way and synchronously acquired, and a great amount of inversion work is carried out subsequently to describe the characteristics of the detected medium, so that the cost is greatly increased.
The direct exciting method solves the above-mentioned difficulties, it does not need to produce secondary field to make measurement, has no MN induction electrode, and can directly make detection in AB input loop, and can directly calculate the impedance of the tested medium. The amplitude, pulse width, damping characteristic and the like of the square wave can be detected in the medium measuring loop along with the impedance change of the medium relative to the input square wave pulse, and the impedance change rule can be directly obtained by using an intelligent extraction algorithm for the changes. In practical application, the influence of the water content on the impedance can be calibrated, so that the water content can be directly measured by a direct electrical method. Therefore, the direct excitation method geological prospecting instrument has the advantages of simplified equipment, convenient operation, high accuracy, large capacity, intelligent analysis and calculation of impedance characteristics and the like, and can fully play the role of the direct excitation method geological prospecting instrument in geological prospecting. The method can acquire complete underground structure information in a computer by combining with a geographic information system technology, and performs large-scale geological exploration by a direct excitation method on the premise of safety, high efficiency and reliability, thereby having important roles in judging geological environment, exploring underground water and mineral products, preventing disasters and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an electric exploration method and a surveying instrument based on a direct excitation method, solves the difficulties of the prior art, does not need to generate a secondary field for measurement, does not have an MN induction electrode, directly detects in an AB input loop, and directly calculates the impedance of a measured medium. In a surveying instrument, the amplitude, pulse width, damping characteristic and the like of the square wave can be detected to change along with the impedance of the medium in a medium measuring loop by inputting the square wave pulse, and the change rule of the impedance can be directly obtained by using an intelligent extraction algorithm. In practical application, the influence of the water content on the impedance can be calibrated, so that the water content can be directly measured by a direct electrical method.
Technical proposal
An electric prospecting method based on direct excitation method is characterized in that a plurality of electrodes are distributed in a detected area to form an electrode matrix, any two electrodes are used as a group of transmitting and receiving AB electrodes, and the connection line of any two electrodes is used as a measuring area; applying square wave pulse to the selected AB electrode, and detecting square wave signals which change along with the impedance of the medium in a medium measuring loop; and traversing the AB electrode combinations of all the electrodes to obtain square wave signals of all the combinations, which change along with the impedance of the medium, and forming a data set of the square wave signals, which change along with the impedance of the medium.
The plurality of electrodes form an electrode matrix: the earth surface is in X and Y directions, and a plurality of electrodes are arranged along the X and Y directions to form a plane detection electrode matrix of a detected area.
The resolution of the plane detection electrode matrix is the connection area of any two electrodes.
The plurality of electrodes form an electrode matrix: the earth surface is in X and Y directions, the direction perpendicular to the X and Y directions is the Z direction below the earth surface, and a plurality of electrodes are distributed along X, Y and the Z direction to form a three-dimensional stereo detection electrode matrix of a detected area.
The resolution of the three-dimensional detection electrode matrix is the connecting line area of any two electrodes.
And the data set of the square wave signal which changes along with the impedance of the medium directly obtains the impedance change rule of the reaction geological features by adopting an intelligent extraction algorithm.
A surveying instrument for implementing the direct-excitation-based electrical prospecting method, characterized in that: the device comprises a multipath matrix switch unit, a data acquisition unit, an edge calculation main control unit, a waveform generation unit, a circuit signal detection unit and a detection electrode matrix; the switches of the multi-path matrix switch unit are in one-to-one correspondence with the electrodes of the detection electrode matrix, the output of the waveform generation unit is connected with the multi-path matrix switch unit, the edge calculation main control unit is connected with the multi-path matrix switch unit, the square waves of the waveform generation unit are input into the input end of the multi-path matrix switch unit, and the multi-path matrix switch unit selects any two switches to be communicated with any group of electrodes as AB electrodes for one-time measurement under the control of the edge calculation main control unit; any group of electrodes are used as output signals of the AB electrodes measured at one time, a circuit signal detection unit connected with the electrodes is output through a multi-path matrix switch unit, and the circuit signal detection unit is connected with a data acquisition unit; the data acquisition unit inputs the acquired data set of the square wave signal of the detection electrode matrix, which changes along with the impedance of the medium, into the edge calculation main control unit, and the impedance change rule of the reaction geological features is directly obtained through an intelligent extraction algorithm.
The edge calculation main control unit performs preprocessing on the acquired loop signals, filters to obtain dynamic signals with frequency and amplitude ranges corresponding to measurement characteristics, then performs calculation on all the characteristics of the dynamic signals including amplitude frequency and damping phase, performs conventional artificial intelligent big data network learning according to corresponding time period changes occurring in all the characteristics corresponding to single factor changes in the impedance of the measured medium, and calculates an extraction algorithm with the most changed characteristics.
The circuit signal detection unit adopts a good heat insulation material and a constant temperature design of a two-stage temperature control structure.
The circuit signal detection unit is formed by compounding a ferromagnetic material and an aluminum alloy material, so that the circuit signal detection unit has the advantages of magnetic interference resistance and good heat transfer.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides an electrical prospecting method and surveying instrument based on a direct excitation method, wherein a plurality of electrodes are distributed in a detected area to form an electrode matrix, any two electrodes are used as a group of transmitting and receiving AB electrodes, and the connection line of any two electrodes is a measuring area; applying square wave pulse to the selected AB electrode, and detecting square wave signals which change along with the impedance of the medium in a medium measuring loop; and traversing the AB electrode combinations of all the electrodes to obtain square wave signals of all the combinations, which change along with the impedance of the medium, and forming a data set of the square wave signals, which change along with the impedance of the medium. In a surveying instrument, the amplitude, pulse width, damping characteristic and the like of the square wave can be detected to change along with the impedance of the medium in a medium measuring loop by inputting the square wave pulse, and the change rule of the impedance can be directly obtained by using an intelligent extraction algorithm.
The direct exciting method of the present invention solves the above-mentioned difficulties, and has no secondary field, no MN sensing electrode, direct detection in AB input loop and direct calculation of measured medium impedance, so that it is defined as direct exciting method. The amplitude, pulse width, damping characteristic and the like of the square wave can be detected in the medium measuring loop along with the impedance change of the medium relative to the input square wave pulse, and the impedance change rule can be directly obtained by using an intelligent extraction algorithm for the changes. In practical application, the influence of the water content on the impedance can be calibrated, so that the water content can be directly measured by a direct electrical method. Therefore, the direct excitation method geological prospecting instrument has the advantages of simplified equipment, convenient operation, high accuracy, large capacity, intelligent analysis and calculation of impedance characteristics and the like, and can fully play the role of the direct excitation method geological prospecting instrument in geological prospecting. The method can acquire complete underground structure information in a computer by combining with a geographic information system technology, and performs large-scale geological exploration by a direct excitation method on the premise of safety, high efficiency and reliability, thereby having important roles in judging geological environment, exploring underground water and mineral products, preventing disasters and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1: schematic diagram of traditional electric method principle
Fig. 2: schematic diagram of the principle of the direct electrical method of the invention
Fig. 3: the invention relates to a principle schematic diagram of a direct excitation method surveying instrument
Fig. 4: electrode distribution and resolution ratio schematic diagram of the invention and traditional electric method
Fig. 5: schematic of the deep electrode drilling arrangement in the embodiment of the invention
Fig. 6: the embodiment of the invention provides a schematic diagram of a direct-excitation method multipath matrix switch operation software
Fig. 7: schematic of the results of the Water content measurement according to the embodiment of the invention
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to examples, figures:
The direct excitation method is a new geological exploration method of the active source electric method. Conventional active power methods all require the establishment of a uniform and horizontal electric field distribution line in a region to be measured, and the detection of a secondary induction field formed in the region to be measured, thereby describing the characteristics of the region to be measured. The uniform and horizontal electric field distribution line only occupies a sixth volume area below the midpoint of the connecting line of the transmitting electrode AB, if the topography fluctuation is too large, the topography reflection is considered to be corrected, in order to improve the accuracy of detecting the secondary induction field formed by the detected area, the MN induction electrode needs to be greatly increased, the signal detection of the MN induction electrode needs to be isolated in a multipath way and synchronously acquired, and a great amount of inversion work is carried out subsequently to describe the characteristics of the detected medium, so that the cost is greatly increased. The direct exciting method solves the above-mentioned difficulties, it does not need to produce secondary field to make measurement, has no MN induction electrode, and can directly make detection in AB input loop, and can directly calculate the impedance of the tested medium. The amplitude, pulse width, damping characteristic and the like of the square wave can be detected in the medium measuring loop along with the impedance change of the medium relative to the input square wave pulse, and the impedance change rule can be directly obtained by using an intelligent extraction algorithm for the changes. In practical application, the influence of the water content on the impedance can be calibrated, so that the water content can be directly measured by a direct electrical method. Therefore, the direct excitation method geological prospecting instrument has the advantages of simplified equipment, convenient operation, high accuracy, large capacity, intelligent analysis and calculation of impedance characteristics and the like, and can fully play the role of the direct excitation method geological prospecting instrument in geological prospecting. The method can acquire complete underground structure information in a computer by combining with a geographic information system technology, and performs large-scale geological exploration by a direct excitation method on the premise of safety, high efficiency and reliability, thereby having important roles in judging geological environment, exploring underground water and mineral products, preventing disasters and the like.
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a conventional electrical method in which multiple sets of MN electrodes are collected in parallel;
fig. 2 is a direct excitation method, which is characterized by no MN sensing electrode, and if the traditional method is that multiple sets of MN electrodes are collected in parallel, the direct excitation method is that the common AB electrode is transmitted and received, and a serial working mode is adopted.
As shown in figure 3, the direct excitation method surveying instrument is composed of a host computer, a waveform generating unit, a circuit signal detecting unit, a cable and an electrode part. The host consists of a multi-path matrix switch unit, a data acquisition unit and an edge calculation main control unit. The waveform generating unit transmits the generated high-power pulse waveform signal to the multi-path matrix switch unit of the host, and simultaneously transmits the conditioned signal to the edge computing main control unit of the host. The multi-path matrix switch unit transmits the detected medium into the electrode A cable and the electrode, then transmits the detected pulse response waveform back to the multi-path matrix switch unit from the electrode B to the circuit signal detection unit, and the circuit signal detection unit conditions the detected pulse response waveform into a proper amplitude and transmits the proper amplitude to the data acquisition unit of the host, and then transmits the proper amplitude to the edge calculation main control unit of the host through the internal bus. The host computer is connected with the remote computer by a network cable, and the host computer, the waveform generation unit and the circuit signal detection unit are supplied with direct current power by a power supply line.
The direct excitation method is characterized in that no MN induction electrode exists, if the traditional method is that a plurality of groups of MN electrodes are collected in parallel, the direct excitation method is that the emission and the receiving share an AB electrode, and a serial working mode is adopted.
Fig. 4 shows that the resolution of the direct excitation method to capture impedance information depends on the multiple electrode arrangement of electrode a and electrode B. Firstly, electrodes can be arranged in X and Y directions on the ground surface, and the Z direction can be arranged in the electrode depth direction, and the connecting line of any two electrodes is a measuring area. A three-dimensional image can be composed. If the electrodes are combined according to the plane, the resolution is the electrode distance between two adjacent electrodes, and if the electrodes are arranged according to the three-dimensional combination, the resolution is greatly improved.
Fig. 5 shows a borehole placement depth electrode, where conventional electrical methods consider that high frequencies can only be broadcast at the surface and low frequencies can be propagated in deeper or larger spaces, thus creating deeper measurement fields that require low frequency signals to excite. The direct excitation method has only high-frequency signals and no low-frequency signals, so that the direct excitation method cannot express the problem of depth correlation, and can be used for solving the problem by arranging depth electrodes through drilling holes. At present, for oil exploitation, a direct excitation method is used for searching underground river research in an oil extraction area of a water injection oil displacement oil field by taking a water injection sleeve as an electrode, and is used for on-line monitoring of leakage research of an open-air landfill by an embedded electrode array.
Fig. 6 direct-excitation matrix switch operation interface: the multi-path matrix switch unit of the host is used for gating the working electrodes, no current is input when the host is not gated, and the direct excitation method is characterized in that a sequential structure is adopted for loop signal transmission and acquisition among the electrodes, so that all the electrodes can be combined by utilizing the multi-path matrix switch unit, namely all the electrodes surrounding a tested medium can be defined as a group of AB electrodes to be combined, and all the sensing electrodes are not required to be synchronously acquired as in other active source methods. Synchronization also requires isolation of the input channels, which can greatly increase the cost of the device.
In the embodiment of the direct excitation method shown in fig. 7, wet sand is used as a measured medium, water is applied between the AB electrodes, and the change of the water content of the sandbox is detected. The measured results show that the water content is obviously changed.
The circuit signal detection unit has good temperature and anti-interference design, and the constant temperature design adopts good heat insulation materials and a two-stage temperature control structure. The anti-interference design is formed by compounding a ferromagnetic material and an aluminum alloy material, so that on one hand, magnetic interference is prevented, and on the other hand, heat transfer is good.
The multi-path matrix switch unit of the host is used for gating the working electrodes, no current is input when the host is not gated, and the direct excitation method is characterized in that a sequential structure is adopted for loop signal transmission and acquisition among the electrodes, so that all the electrodes can be combined by utilizing the multi-path matrix switch unit, namely all the electrodes surrounding a tested medium can be defined as a group of AB electrodes to be combined, and all the sensing electrodes are not required to be synchronously acquired as in other active source methods. Synchronization also requires isolation of the input channels, which can greatly increase the cost of the device.
The edge calculation main control unit of the host is used for calculating and controlling corresponding dynamic acquisition signals of loop pulse excitation, firstly, preprocessing the acquired loop signals, filtering the acquired loop signals to a required frequency range, amplifying proper amplitude values, carrying out digital signal processing after noise suppression or removal, then, calculating all the characteristics of dynamic signals including amplitude frequencies and damping phases, carrying out large model artificial intelligence big data learning according to corresponding time period changes which occur in all the characteristics corresponding to single factor changes in the measured medium impedance, and finally, counting the algorithm with the most changed characteristics, thereby establishing an intelligent extraction algorithm. And (3) changing various parameters of the excitation signal, repeating the process, and finally counting the intelligent extraction algorithm with the best signal-to-noise ratio. The intelligent extraction algorithm is usually implemented in a server or a small computer in the design and perfecting process, and once the algorithm is formed, the algorithm can be packaged into real-time execution software and put in an edge calculation main control unit to be implemented. Avoiding a great deal of inversion work to be performed later to describe the characteristics of the measured medium, thus greatly increasing the cost.
The resolution of the direct excitation method to capture impedance information depends on the multiple electrode arrangement of electrode a and electrode B. Firstly, electrodes can be arranged in X and Y directions on the ground surface, and the Z direction can be arranged in the electrode depth direction, and the connecting line of any two electrodes is a measuring area. A three-dimensional image can be composed. If the electrodes are combined according to the plane, the resolution is the electrode distance between two adjacent electrodes, and if the electrodes are arranged according to the three-dimensional combination, the resolution is greatly improved.
Conventional electrical methods consider that high frequencies can only be broadcast on the surface and low frequencies can be propagated in deeper or larger spaces, thus creating deeper measurement fields that require low frequency signals to excite. The direct excitation method has only high-frequency signals and no low-frequency signals, so that the direct excitation method cannot express the problem of depth correlation, and can be used for solving the problem by arranging depth electrodes through drilling holes. At present, for oil exploitation, a direct excitation method is used for searching underground river research in an oil extraction area of a water injection oil displacement oil field by taking a water injection sleeve as an electrode, and is used for on-line monitoring of leakage research of an open-air landfill by an embedded electrode array.
The direct excitation method can meet the monitoring requirements of the hydrologic variation characteristics of the geologic body under different scales, has the characteristics of simplified equipment, convenient operation, high accuracy, large capacity, intelligent analysis and the like, and has wide application prospects in aspects of early warning of the water content distribution of the middle-deep loess landslide facing the water content distribution of frozen soil highway melting and dominant infiltration, exploration of underground water and mineral resources and the like.
Claims (10)
1. An electric prospecting method based on direct excitation method is characterized in that a plurality of electrodes are distributed in a detected area to form an electrode matrix, any two electrodes are used as a group of transmitting and receiving AB electrodes, and the connection line of any two electrodes is used as a measuring area; applying square wave pulse to the selected AB electrode, and detecting square wave signals which change along with the impedance of the medium in a medium measuring loop; and traversing the AB electrode combinations of all the electrodes to obtain square wave signals of all the combinations, which change along with the impedance of the medium, and forming a data set of the square wave signals, which change along with the impedance of the medium.
2. The direct excitation method based electrical prospecting method according to claim 1, wherein: the plurality of electrodes form an electrode matrix: the earth surface is in X and Y directions, and a plurality of electrodes are arranged along the X and Y directions to form a plane detection electrode matrix of a detected area.
3. The direct excitation method based electrical prospecting method according to claim 2, wherein: the resolution of the planar detection electrode matrix is the pole spacing of the connecting line area of any two adjacent electrodes.
4. The direct excitation method based electrical prospecting method according to claim 1, wherein: the plurality of electrodes form an electrode matrix: the earth surface is in X and Y directions, the direction perpendicular to the X and Y directions is the Z direction below the earth surface, and a plurality of electrodes are distributed along X, Y and the Z direction to form a three-dimensional stereo detection electrode matrix of a detected area.
5. The direct excitation method based electrical prospecting method according to claim 4, wherein: the resolution of the three-dimensional detection electrode matrix is the connecting line area of any two electrodes.
6. The direct excitation method based electrical prospecting method according to claim 1, wherein: and the data set of the square wave signal which changes along with the impedance of the medium directly obtains the impedance change rule of the reaction geological features by adopting an intelligent extraction algorithm.
7. A surveying instrument for carrying out the direct-excitation-based electrical prospecting method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the device comprises a multipath matrix switch unit, a data acquisition unit, an edge calculation main control unit, a waveform generation unit, a circuit signal detection unit and a detection electrode matrix; the switches of the multi-path matrix switch unit are in one-to-one correspondence with the electrodes of the detection electrode matrix, the output of the waveform generation unit is connected with the multi-path matrix switch unit, the edge calculation main control unit is connected with the multi-path matrix switch unit, the square waves of the waveform generation unit are input into the input end of the multi-path matrix switch unit, and the multi-path matrix switch unit selects any two switches to be communicated with any group of electrodes as AB electrodes for one-time measurement under the control of the edge calculation main control unit; any group of electrodes are used as output signals of the AB electrodes measured at one time, a circuit signal detection unit connected with the electrodes is output through a multi-path matrix switch unit, and the circuit signal detection unit is connected with a data acquisition unit; the data acquisition unit inputs the acquired data set of the square wave signal of the detection electrode matrix, which changes along with the impedance of the medium, into the edge calculation main control unit, and the impedance change rule of the reaction geological features is directly obtained through an intelligent extraction algorithm.
8. A surveying instrument according to claim 7, wherein: the edge calculation main control unit performs preprocessing on the acquired loop signals, filters to obtain dynamic signals with frequency and amplitude ranges corresponding to measurement characteristics, then performs calculation on all the characteristics of the dynamic signals including amplitude frequency and damping phase, performs conventional artificial intelligent big data network learning according to corresponding time period changes occurring in all the characteristics corresponding to single factor changes in the impedance of the measured medium, and calculates an extraction algorithm with the most changed characteristics.
9. A surveying instrument according to claim 7, wherein: the circuit signal detection unit adopts a good heat insulation material and a constant temperature design of a two-stage temperature control structure.
10. A surveying instrument according to claim 7, wherein: the circuit signal detection unit is formed by compounding a ferromagnetic material and an aluminum alloy material, so that the circuit signal detection unit has the advantages of magnetic interference resistance and good heat transfer.
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