CN118032265B - Balance strain heat engine decoupling method for temperature gradient field - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a balance strain heat engine decoupling method facing a temperature gradient field. According to the invention, the influence of the temperature gradient field on the balance can be reduced through iterative correction; compared with the conventional six-component force measuring balance, the structure of the balance is not required to be changed any more, and the proper position of the supporting beam can be used as a heat engine decoupling element; the invention only needs to add a group of heat engine decoupling bridge and partial temperature sensor, and has lower cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wind tunnel tests, in particular to a balance strain heat engine decoupling method for a temperature gradient field.
Background
The wind tunnel strain balance (simply called balance) is an extremely important force measuring device in wind tunnel force measuring test and is mainly used for measuring aerodynamic load acting on a wind tunnel test model. The balance generally consists of a balance element (elastic element), strain gauges and a measuring bridge (measuring circuit). The balance element generates elastic strain under the action of the pneumatic load of the test model, is converted into voltage output of the measuring circuit based on the strain electrical measurement principle, and calculates the pneumatic load of the test model by utilizing a balance formula of ground static calibration.
The temperature change accompanying the wind tunnel test process causes the heat output generated by the balance measuring bridge, and is one of the main sources for causing the balance measuring error. Under the working condition of a wide Wen Yuchang period, the strain balance has more serious problems caused by temperature, and the improvement of the force measurement precision of the wind tunnel test is directly restricted. In the test process, the balance fixed end is connected with the wind tunnel middle support bent cutter mechanism through a support rod, and the measuring end is connected with the model. In order to ensure that the pneumatic reference center of the model coincides with the calibration center of the balance, the model is designed as an inner cavity structure, and the balance is installed in the middle of the model. In order to accurately measure the pneumatic load acting on the model, the model can only be contacted with the measuring end of the balance, so that a certain gap is necessarily formed between the inner cavity of the model and the fixed end or the supporting rod of the balance, and in order to prevent data measurement distortion caused by interference between the model and the supporting rod of the balance after the balance is deformed under load, the gap between the model and the supporting rod of the balance is enough (generally 5-10 mm). In the blowing process, the temperature around the balance is changed due to the change of air pressure in the inner cavity of the model, and a temperature gradient field appears in the front and back of the balance body due to the temperature difference between the model and the support rod. In addition, in the test process, the attack angle of the model is required to be changed to measure different aerodynamic loads, and when a certain attack angle exists in the model, the abdomen of the model is the windward side. Because the temperature of the flow field is lower than the initial temperature, the temperature of the windward side of the model is inevitably lower than that of the leeward side of the model, so that the temperature of the abdomen of the model is lower than that of the back of the model, and the heat radiation amounts of the abdomen and the back of the model of the balance are inconsistent, so that a temperature gradient field exists in front of and behind the balance body.
The deformation of the axial force element caused by the temperature gradient has great influence on the measurement accuracy of the aerodynamic drag of the model. The main measure adopted to solve the temperature gradient at present is that the balance axial force element design is as insensitive to the temperature gradient as possible; based on temperature measurement signal correction techniques, thermostatic balance techniques, etc. The balance axial force element design can reduce the temperature gradient to a certain extent through symmetrical design, but has certain limitation on the size and the load of the balance; the temperature measurement signal correction technology is based on measuring temperature distribution at different positions in a balance body, calculating signal output generated by the temperature distribution and correcting the signal output, and has the main defects that on one hand, the strain gauge heat output is based on a correction formula established by temperature measured by a temperature measuring sensor arranged near the strain gauge, and the two positions have temperature difference, and on the other hand, the wind tunnel test environment temperature is difficult to keep consistent with the ground temperature test box calibration temperature, so that uncertainty still exists when the strain balance is corrected based on the algorithm and influenced by the temperature. The temperature gradient does not appear in the wind tunnel test process by the constant temperature balance technology through the temperature control technology, and the technology has high requirements on the real-time performance of the thermal control and the size of the balance, and has certain limit on practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a balance strain heat engine decoupling method facing a temperature gradient field based on the structure of the existing balance and additionally arranging a heat engine decoupling element and an electric bridge, and provides a new way for improving the measurement accuracy of the axial force of the balance.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the thermal gradient field effect causes the thermal set coupling deformation of the strain balance, the thermal set decoupling element is related to the deformation of the axial force component measuring element of the strain balance, and meanwhile, the complex correlation between the thermal set decoupling element and other measuring component output parameters is the key of the strain balance to be capable of performing thermal set decoupling. According to the structural characteristics of the strain balance, a set of auxiliary measurement components are optimally designed on an axial force component supporting beam of the strain balance, and the auxiliary measurement components are related to a set of measurement components except the axial force component. Simulation researches show that the temperature gradient of the strain balance in front and back can cause bending deformation of the strain balance, and the deformation of the strain balance is relatively similar to the deformation generated by the strain balance under the action of pitching moment. And the thermal engine decoupling of the strain balance is realized by utilizing the mathematical relationship between the auxiliary measurement component and the pitching moment component as well as other residual components and the axial force component.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a thermal-gradient-field-oriented balance strain heat engine decoupling method is characterized in that a heat engine decoupling element is arranged near an axial support beam in a balance structure, a thermal engine decoupling bridge on the heat engine decoupling element is utilized to calibrate a pitching moment deformation influence coefficient and an axial force deformation influence coefficient of the balance thermal structure, and a balance axial force component measurement result is corrected by utilizing the two coefficients.
In the technical scheme, the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: setting a balance on a calibration system, maintaining a constant uniform temperature field, applying a standard load to the balance, acquiring voltage output of each component of the balance comprising a thermo-mechanical decoupling element, and fitting a balance formula;
step two: calibrating the deformation influence coefficient of the thermal structure of the balance, respectively keeping the pitching moment and the axial force load of the balance unchanged, and applying different temperature levels on the fixed end and the measuring end of the balance to realize the range change of the temperature gradient;
step three: whether the thermal structure deformation influence coefficient of the balance is accurate or not is checked by applying load and temperature gradient to the balance;
step four: and calculating the correction quantity of any loading point by using the thermal structure deformation influence coefficient of the balance, and calculating the axial force of the balance by combining a balance formula.
In the above technical solution, the heat engine decoupling bridge is adopted to subtract the measurement result of the conventional balance component, and the deformation of the thermal structure is obtained, specifically:
Wherein: Is the deformation of the thermal structure,/> Physical quantity measured for a thermo-mechanical decoupling bridge,/>Is a pitching moment component.
In the technical proposal, the balance thermal structure deformation influence coefficient comprises a pitching moment deformation influence coefficient and an axial force deformation influence coefficient,
Calibration of a pitching moment deformation influence coefficient is realized by keeping the pitching moment load of the balance unchanged, applying a temperature gradient to the balance, and measuring the increment of an axial force component, wherein the calibration result is specifically as follows:
calibration of an axial force deformation influence coefficient, namely applying a temperature gradient to a balance by keeping the axial force load of the balance unchanged, and measuring the increment of an axial force component, wherein the calibration comprises the following steps of:
Wherein: Is the axial force component of the balance,/> Represents the/>Axial force deflection of balance of individual loading points,/>As pitching moment component,/>Represents the/>Thermal structure deformation of each loading point,/>For natural number, the number of load points is expressed,/>Is a natural number,/>Is the pitching moment deformation influence coefficient,/>Is an axial force deformation influence coefficient.
In the above technical solution, for the firstCorrecting the deformation of each loading point, and obtaining corrected axial force components as follows:
Wherein: for the corrected axial force component,/> Represents the/>Axial force component of balance of individual loading points,/>Is the pitching moment deformation influence coefficient,/>Is the influence coefficient of axial force deformation,/>Represents the/>Thermal structure deformation of each loading point.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, the influence of the temperature gradient field on the pneumatic load measured value can be reduced through iterative correction;
Compared with the conventional six-component force measuring balance, the structure of the balance is not required to be changed any more, and the proper position of the supporting beam can be used as a heat engine decoupling element;
the invention only needs to add a group of heat engine decoupling bridge and partial temperature sensor, and has lower cost.
Drawings
The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a balance body subjected to a temperature gradient field;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a six-component balance according to the present invention;
Wherein: 1 is a thermo-mechanical decoupling element, 2 is an integrated measuring element, and 3 is an axial force measuring element.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.
As shown in fig. 1, the change of the temperature gradient field of the conventional balance is shown, and in this embodiment, aiming at the problem of the axial force temperature gradient field of the six-component strain balance, as shown in fig. 2, according to the structure of the strain balance and the distribution characteristics of the temperature field, the bridge in the conventional strain balance can be divided into two types, one type is a bridge composed of comprehensive measuring elements 2 before and after the balance, so as to realize the measurement of other components (normal force, pitching moment, lateral force, yaw moment and rolling moment) except for the axial force component, and the bridge composed of four arms of the bridge is in an approximate isothermal field, so that the thermal deformation generated by the temperature gradient cannot be felt; the other is an axial force measuring element 3 consisting of a measuring element and a supporting beam, the measuring bridge will feel a thermo set coupling deformation generated by a temperature gradient, the deformation effect being similar to the deformation effect generated by a pitching moment.
In consideration of the thermosetting coupling factor, a group of bridges consisting of the thermo-mechanical decoupling elements 1 are added in the balance axial force measuring direction, the bridges are insensitive to the axial force measuring component and sensitive to the pitching moment component, and two groups of bridges are adopted for simultaneous measurement. In a uniform temperature field, the measurements of the pitching moment bridge and the thermo-mechanical decoupling bridge should be identical. In the case of a temperature gradient, the pitch moment bridge will experience a measurement truth value, while the thermo-mechanical decoupling bridge will experience thermal deformations due to the temperature gradient in addition to the truth value. The relation between the decoupling bridge of the heat engine and the axial force bridge and the pitching moment bridge are calibrated, and the real axial force measured value can be obtained by using an iterative decoupling method.
In this embodiment, the measured component of the thermal engine decoupling element is related on the one hand to the temperature independent pitching moment component and on the other hand to the temperature gradient dependent axial force component. Under the action of a temperature gradient field, the difference between the component measured by the decoupling element of the heat engine and the pitching moment component which is not affected by temperature can be used for representing the thermal-setting coupling deformation of the balance body, and the output of the thermal-setting coupling deformation of the balance body on the axial force component of the balance can be calculated by utilizing the correlation between the component measured by the decoupling element and the axial force component.
Physical quantity measured by bridge consisting of balance thermo-mechanical decoupling elements when temperature gradient and mechanical load (pneumatic load from model or calibration load) are combinedComprising a pitching moment component/>And thermal structure deformation/>Axial force component of balance/>Deformation of heated structure/>And pitching moment component/>Cross influence of (c) is provided. Pitching moment deformation influence coefficient/>, of balance thermal structure is calibrated by adopting thermal engine decoupling bridgeAnd axial force deformation influence coefficient/>Thereby correcting the balance axial force component/>Is a measurement of (a).
The thermal engine decoupling bridge deducts the component measurement result by adopting a conventional balance formula, and the thermal structure deformation can be obtained by adopting the following formula:
Wherein: Is the deformation of the thermal structure,/> Physical quantity measured for a thermo-mechanical decoupling bridge,/>Is a pitching moment component.
Calibration of a pitching moment deformation influence coefficient is achieved, a temperature gradient is applied to a balance by keeping the pitching moment load of the balance unchanged, the increment of an axial force component is measured, and a calibration result is achieved:
calculating the deformation influence coefficient of the pitching moment by an average value method The following is shown:
Calibration of an axial force deformation influence coefficient is realized by keeping the axial force load of the balance unchanged, applying a temperature gradient to the balance, measuring the increment of an axial force component, and realizing a calibration result:
calculating the axial force deformation influence coefficient by an average value method The following is shown:
wherein: Is the axial force component of the balance,/> Represents the/>Axial force deflection of balance of individual loading points,/>As pitching moment component,/>Represents the/>Thermal structure deformation of each loading point,/>For natural number, the number of load points is expressed,/>Is a natural number,/>Is the pitching moment deformation influence coefficient,/>Is an axial force deformation influence coefficient.
First, thePitching moment component correction amount/>, of each loading pointAnd axial force component correction amount/>The expression is as follows:
After correction, a corrected measurement value of the axial force component is obtained The following are provided:
And calculating the balance axial force through a fitting formula.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed.
Claims (3)
1. A balance strain heat engine decoupling method facing to a temperature gradient field is characterized in that: a heat engine decoupling element is arranged near an axial support beam in the balance structure, and a bridge formed by the heat engine decoupling element is utilized to calibrate a pitching moment deformation influence coefficient of the balance heat structureAnd an axial force deformation influence coefficientCorrecting balance axial force component measurements using two coefficientsWherein: /(I)Is the axial force component of the balance,/>Represents the/>Axial force deflection of balance of individual loading points,/>As pitching moment component,/>Represents the/>Thermal structure deformation of each loading point,/>For natural number, the number of load points is expressed,/>Is a natural number,/>Is the pitching moment deformation influence coefficient,/>Is the influence coefficient of axial force deformation,/>For the corrected axial force component,/>Represents the/>Axial force component of the balance at the loading point.
2. A method of decoupling a thermal machine of balance strain for a temperature gradient field according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
Step one: setting a balance on a calibration system, maintaining a constant uniform temperature field, applying a standard load to the balance, acquiring voltage output of each component of the balance comprising a thermo-mechanical decoupling element, and fitting a balance formula;
step two: calibrating the deformation influence coefficient of the thermal structure of the balance, respectively keeping the pitching moment and the axial force load of the balance unchanged, and applying different temperature levels on the fixed end and the measuring end of the balance to realize the range change of the temperature gradient;
step three: whether the thermal structure deformation influence coefficient of the balance is accurate or not is checked by applying load and temperature gradient to the balance;
step four: and calculating the correction quantity of any loading point by using the thermal structure deformation influence coefficient of the balance, and calculating the axial force of the balance by combining a balance formula.
3. A method of decoupling a temperature gradient field oriented balance strain heat engine according to claim 2, wherein: the thermal engine decoupling bridge is adopted to subtract the measurement result of the component of the conventional balance, and the deformation of the thermal structure is obtained, specifically:
Wherein: /(I) Is the deformation of the thermal structure,/>Physical quantity measured for a thermo-mechanical decoupling bridge,/>Is a pitching moment component.
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