CN118026767A - Shellac coating material and shellac coated slow release fertilizer - Google Patents
Shellac coating material and shellac coated slow release fertilizer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN118026767A CN118026767A CN202410276750.5A CN202410276750A CN118026767A CN 118026767 A CN118026767 A CN 118026767A CN 202410276750 A CN202410276750 A CN 202410276750A CN 118026767 A CN118026767 A CN 118026767A
- Authority
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- Prior art keywords
- coating material
- shellac
- slow release
- modifier
- weight
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000331 Polyhydroxybutyrate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003473 lipid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005015 poly(hydroxybutyrate) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 30
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 23
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- SCPWMSBAGXEGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC SCPWMSBAGXEGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 7
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(octyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical group CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010227 cup method (microbiological evaluation) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 description 1
- MBZBAGLSCHEYEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N icos-19-enyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C MBZBAGLSCHEYEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003217 poly(methylsilsesquioxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- AVXLXFZNRNUCRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctyl)silane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl AVXLXFZNRNUCRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a shellac coating material and a shellac coating slow-release fertilizer. The lac coating material provided by the invention uses natural lac resin as a matrix, and the hydrophobicity and the water penetration resistance of the coating slow-release film are improved by introducing the modifier; meanwhile, the soil-release agent also has excellent film forming property, degradability, safety and wide pH tolerance, and can be suitable for various types of soil from strong acidity to strong alkalinity. The invention further provides a shellac coated slow release fertilizer which is simple in preparation method and low in production cost, is an environment-friendly fertilizer, and has great potential application value for sustainable agriculture development.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of slow release fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to a lac coating material and a lac coated slow release fertilizer.
Background
The slow release fertilizer is an effective means for improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and the most economical and effective method for preparing the slow release fertilizer at present is to coat a slow release film on the surface of the fertilizer. Common slow release membrane materials are divided into two major classes, natural materials and synthetic materials.
Natural materials such as sodium alginate, cellulose, lignin, starch, etc. generally exhibit good biodegradability but have a short slow release period due to poor water penetration resistance, and do not meet the standard required by national standard GB/T23148-2009 for release of not more than 80% within 28 days.
The synthetic material mainly comprises hydrophobic materials such as polyethylene, polyurethane, polysulfone, epoxy resin and the like, the hydrophobic materials have better water penetration resistance, and the slow release period is relatively longer by virtue of the blocking effect of an air layer formed between the hydrophobic surface and water on the water, but most of the materials have poorer degradability and are not beneficial to the sustainable development of agricultural farmland.
The prior art mainly improves the water penetration resistance or biodegradability by combining natural materials and synthetic materials, but the actual improvement effect is not ideal, and it is difficult to optimize one property without sacrificing the other property.
For the above reasons, it remains a great challenge and urgent task to develop a slow release coating material that is resistant to water penetration and that is biodegradable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lac coating material and a lac coated slow-release fertilizer, wherein the coating material takes natural lac resin as a matrix, and the hydrophobicity and the water penetration resistance of a slow-release film are improved by introducing a modifier and/or an additive, so that the release time of the slow-release fertilizer is prolonged, and the slow-release fertilizer has a wide application prospect in the field of slow-release fertilizers.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a coating material comprising the following composition: 1 part by weight of shellac and 0.005-1 part by weight of modifier; the modifier is selected from one or more of silane, silane polymer, lipid and ester.
The silane is selected from silanes having a melting point above 30 ℃, such as vinyloctadecyltrimethoxysilane silicate.
The silane polymer is selected from polymers produced by hydrolytic polymerization of silanes with water contact angles greater than 90 degrees, such as dodecyl trimethoxy silane polymer, octyl trimethoxy silane polymer, polymethylsilsesquioxane, copolymer of ethyl orthosilicate and perfluorooctyl trichlorosilane.
The preparation of the silane polymer is carried out according to the following operation: adding silane into a mixed solution containing deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, heating and stirring to obtain the product; wherein the heating temperature is 55-65 ℃. Preferably, the pH of the mixed solution is adjusted to 9.0-9.2, which is more advantageous for accelerating the polymerization rate.
The lipid is selected from one or more of fatty acid, fat, wax and resin, such as lauric acid, lard;
the esters are selected from one or more of polylactic acid and derivatives thereof, polycarbonate and copolymers thereof, polyurethane and copolymers thereof, polyhydroxybutyrate and copolymers thereof, butylene glycol ester copolymers and polycaprolactone.
According to one of the embodiments of the present invention, when the modifier is silane or a silane polymer, the coating material comprises the following composition: 1 part by weight of shellac and 0.05-0.5 part by weight of modifier;
according to one embodiment of the invention, when the modifier is a lipid, the coating material comprises the following composition: 1 part by weight of shellac and 0.05-0.5 part by weight of modifier;
according to one embodiment of the present invention, when the modifier is an ester, the coating material comprises the following composition: 1 part by weight of shellac and 0.1 to 1.0 part by weight of modifier.
The coating material also includes an additive. The additive is selected from lignin, bentonite, cellulose and derivatives thereof. The additive is added in an amount of not more than 50% of the total mass of the coating material.
According to one of the embodiments of the present invention, the coating material comprises the following composition: 1 part by weight of shellac, 0.005-0.5 part by weight of modifier and 0.1-1.0 part by weight of additive.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the modifier is dodecyl trimethoxy silane polymer, and when the additive is ethylcellulose, the coating material comprises the following components: 1 part by weight of shellac, 0.10-1.00 parts by weight of additive and 0.005-0.015 part by weight of modifier.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a preparation method of the coating material, comprising the steps of: adding lac into a solvent to obtain a lac solution; and adding other components (modifier and additive) into the lac solution to obtain the coating material.
The solvent is at least one selected from ethanol and homologs thereof, formic acid and homologs thereof, benzyl alcohol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, sodium carbonate solution and ammonia water;
The mass concentration of the lac in the lac solution is 0.01-0.4g/ml.
In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a shellac coated slow release fertilizer, comprising a fertilizer and a slow release film; the slow release film is prepared by using the coating material.
In the lac coated slow release fertilizer, the mass fraction of the slow release film is 10-50%, preferably 15-30%.
The thickness of the slow release film is 100-600 mu m.
The invention takes urea as an example, and the composition of the fertilizer is not particularly limited.
The form of the fertilizer is not particularly limited, and a sphere with a diameter of 3-4 mm is usually selected.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention further provides a preparation method of the shellac coated slow release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: and mixing the fertilizer with the coating material, and coating to obtain the lac coated slow release fertilizer.
The coating conditions are as follows: the temperature is-120 to 140℃and preferably 30 to 60 ℃.
The coating is achieved using a drum coater.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the coating material provided by the invention has the advantages that the hydrophobicity and the water penetration resistance are further enhanced, the slow release period of the corresponding coated slow release fertilizer is obviously prolonged, and the slow release rate is constant.
2. The coating material provided by the invention has excellent film forming property (uniform distribution, thin film layer and uniform thickness), degradability, safety and wide pH tolerance, and can be suitable for various types of soil from strong acidity to strong alkalinity.
3. The coated slow release fertilizer provided by the invention is an environment-friendly fertilizer, and has the advantages of simple preparation method, low production cost and great potential application value for sustainable agriculture development.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the appearance of the shellac coated slow release fertilizer prepared in example 2.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional scanning electron microscope image of the shellac coated slow release fertilizer prepared in example 4.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the nitrogen release rate of the shellac-coated slow release fertilizer prepared in example 1 of the present invention in an aqueous solution having ph=7.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the nitrogen release rate of the shellac-coated slow release fertilizer prepared in example 6 of the present invention in an aqueous solution having ph=5.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the nitrogen release rate of the shellac-coated slow release fertilizer prepared in example 7 of the present invention in an aqueous solution having ph=9.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples, but the invention is not limited to the following examples.
The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Reagents, materials, instruments and the like used in the examples described below are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The preparation of the shellac coating material is carried out according to the following operations:
(1) Weighing 40g of shellac, dissolving in 100mL of absolute ethyl alcohol under the heating condition of 60 ℃, and stirring for 2 hours to ensure uniform dissolution, so as to obtain shellac solution;
(2) 10g of dodecyl trimethoxy silane is weighed and added into a mixed solution containing 100mL of deionized water and 100mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, after ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 0.5 hour, ammonia water is added dropwise to adjust the pH value of the solution to 9.0, ultrasonic treatment is continued for 1 hour, then stirring is carried out for 6 hours under the heating condition of 60 ℃, and the dodecyl trimethoxy silane polymer is obtained after centrifugation, washing and drying.
(3) Adding the dodecyl trimethoxy silane polymer obtained in the step (2) into the lac solution obtained in the step (1) (the mass ratio of the lac to the dodecyl trimethoxy silane polymer is 8:1) as a modifier, and stirring for 2 hours under the heating condition of 60 ℃ to obtain the coating liquid.
The preparation of the shellac coated slow release fertilizer is carried out according to the following operations:
200g of urea spherical particles with the diameter of 3-4 mm are sent into a drum coating machine, the temperature is controlled to 40 ℃, the coating liquid obtained in the step (3) is sprayed, and the coating liquid is cooled, so that the shellac coated slow release fertilizer finished product is obtained.
Example 2
The preparation of the shellac coating material is carried out according to the following operations:
(1) Weighing 20g of shellac, dissolving in 2000mL of methanol under the heating condition of 60 ℃, and stirring for 2 hours to ensure uniform dissolution; weighing 10g of ethyl cellulose as an additive, adding the additive into the solution, and stirring for 2 hours to ensure that the ethyl cellulose is uniformly dispersed to obtain a shellac solution;
(2) Weighing 0.4g of dodecyl trimethoxy silane, adding the dodecyl trimethoxy silane into a mixed solution containing 50mL of deionized water and 50mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, regulating the pH of the solution to 9.0 by dropwise adding ammonia water after ultrasonic treatment for 0.5 hours, continuing ultrasonic treatment for 1 hour, stirring for 6 hours under the heating condition of 60 ℃, and obtaining the dodecyl trimethoxy silane polymer after centrifugal treatment, washing and drying.
(3) Adding the dodecyl trimethoxy silane polymer obtained in the step (2) into the lac solution obtained in the step (1) (the mass ratio of the lac to the dodecyl trimethoxy silane polymer is 100:1) as a modifier, and stirring for 3 hours to obtain the coating liquid.
The preparation of the shellac coated slow release fertilizer is carried out according to the following operations:
200g of urea spherical particles with the diameter of 3-4 mm are sent into a rotary drum coating machine, the temperature is controlled to 40 ℃, the coating liquid obtained in the step (3) is sprayed, and after cooling, the shellac coated slow release fertilizer finished product is obtained.
Example 3
The preparation of the shellac coating material is carried out according to the following operations:
(1) Weighing 40g of shellac, dissolving in 100mL of ammonia water under the heating condition of 60 ℃, and stirring for 2 hours to ensure uniform dissolution, so as to obtain shellac solution;
(2) Weighing 4g of octyl trimethoxy silane, adding the octyl trimethoxy silane into a mixed solution containing 100mL of deionized water and 50mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, regulating the pH of the solution to 9.0 by dropwise adding ammonia water after ultrasonic treatment for 1 hour, continuing ultrasonic treatment for 1 hour, stirring for 6 hours under the heating condition of 60 ℃, and obtaining the octyl trimethoxy silane polymer after centrifugation, washing and drying.
(3) Adding the octyl trimethoxy silane polymer obtained in the step (2) as a modifier into the lac solution obtained in the step (1) (the mass ratio of the lac to the octyl trimethoxy silane polymer is 20:1), and stirring for 2 hours under the heating condition of 60 ℃ to obtain the coating liquid.
The preparation of the shellac coated slow release fertilizer is carried out according to the following operations:
and (3) feeding 50g of urea spherical particles with the diameter of 3-4 mm into a drum coating machine, controlling the temperature to 40 ℃, spraying the coating liquid obtained in the step (3), and cooling to obtain a shellac coated slow release fertilizer finished product.
Example 4
The preparation of the shellac coating material is carried out according to the following operations:
(1) 40g of shellac is weighed and dissolved in 100mL of absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water under the heating condition of 60 ℃ in a volume ratio of 2:1, stirring for 2 hours to ensure uniform dissolution and obtain lac solution;
(2) Weighing 5g of vinyl octadecyl trimethoxy silane silicate as a modifier, adding the modifier into the lac solution obtained in the step (1), and stirring for 2 hours under the heating condition of 60 ℃ to obtain the coating liquid.
The preparation of the shellac coated slow release fertilizer is carried out according to the following operations:
200g of urea spherical particles with the diameter of 3-4 mm are sent into a rotary drum coating machine, the temperature is controlled to 40 ℃, the coating liquid obtained in the step (2) is sprayed, and after cooling, the shellac coated slow release fertilizer finished product is obtained.
Example 5
The preparation of the shellac coating material is carried out according to the following operations:
(1) Weighing 20g of shellac, dissolving in 100mL of isopropanol, and stirring for 5 hours to ensure uniform dissolution to obtain shellac solution;
(2) Weighing 2g of lauric acid as a modifier, adding the lauric acid into the lac solution obtained in the step (1), and stirring for 2 hours under the heating condition of 60 ℃ to obtain the coating liquid.
The preparation of the shellac coated slow release fertilizer is carried out according to the following operations:
And (3) feeding 150g of urea spherical particles with the diameter of 3-4 mm into a drum coating machine, controlling the temperature to 40 ℃, spraying the coating liquid obtained in the step (2), and cooling to obtain a shellac coated slow release fertilizer finished product.
Example 6
The preparation of the shellac coating material is carried out according to the following operations:
(1) Weighing 40g of shellac, dissolving in 100mL of absolute ethyl alcohol under the heating condition of 60 ℃, and stirring for 2 hours to ensure uniform dissolution, so as to obtain shellac solution;
(2) Weighing 20g of polylactic acid as a modifier, adding the polylactic acid into the lac solution obtained in the step (1), and stirring for 2 hours under the heating condition of 60 ℃ to obtain the coating liquid.
The preparation of the shellac coated slow release fertilizer is carried out according to the following operations:
And (3) feeding 250g of urea spherical particles with the diameter of 3-4 mm into a drum coating machine, controlling the temperature to 60 ℃, spraying the coating liquid obtained in the step (2), and cooling to obtain a shellac coated slow release fertilizer finished product.
Example 7
The preparation of the shellac coating material is carried out according to the following operations:
(1) Weighing 40g of shellac, dissolving in 100mL of absolute ethyl alcohol under the heating condition of 60 ℃, and stirring for 2 hours to ensure uniform dissolution, so as to obtain shellac solution;
(2) Weighing 5g of lard as a modifier, adding the lard into the lac solution obtained in the step (1), and stirring for 2 hours under the heating condition of 60 ℃ to obtain coating liquid.
The preparation of the shellac coated slow release fertilizer is carried out according to the following operations:
200g of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with the diameter of 2-3 mm is sent into a rotary drum coating machine, the temperature is controlled to 40 ℃, the coating liquid obtained in the step (2) is sprayed, and after cooling, the shellac coated slow release fertilizer finished product is obtained.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the preparation of the shellac coating material is carried out without the addition of a modifier, according to the following procedure:
weighing 40g of lac, dissolving in 100mL of absolute ethyl alcohol under the heating condition of 60 ℃, stirring for 2 hours, and uniformly dissolving to obtain coating liquid.
The preparation of the shellac coated slow release fertilizer is carried out according to the following operations:
200g of urea spherical particles with the diameter of 3-4 mm are sent into a rotary drum coating machine, the temperature is controlled to 40 ℃, the coating liquid is sprayed, and after cooling, the unmodified lac coated slow release fertilizer finished product is obtained.
Effect verification
1. Film Forming Property
As shown in fig. 1, the coating layer of the shellac coated slow release fertilizer obtained in example 2 is dark brown in color and uniformly and completely distributed on the surface of urea particles.
As shown in FIG. 2, the lac coated slow release fertilizer prepared in example 4 was cut through the center of the sphere, and the cross section of the lac coated slow release fertilizer was scanned, wherein the thickness of the coating layer of the lac coated slow release fertilizer was 151.6 μm, and the coating layer was thin and uniform in thickness. Therefore, the shellac coating material provided by the invention has good film forming property.
TABLE 1mass fraction and thickness of sustained release film in sustained release fertilizer
| Mass fraction (%) | Thickness (μm) | |
| Example 1 | 18.4 | 157.3 |
| Example 2 | 13.1 | 105.6 |
| Example 3 | 45.7 | 579.4 |
| Example 4 | 18.4 | 151.6 |
| Example 5 | 12.8 | 102.4 |
| Example 6 | 19.4 | 167.8 |
| Example 7 | 18.4 | 155.9 |
| Comparative example 1 | 16.7 | 175.3 |
2. Hydrophobicity of
A proper amount of the coating liquid prepared in comparative example 1 and examples 1 to 7 was coated on a glass sheet, and after the solvent was evaporated, a corresponding coating was prepared, and the water contact angle was measured. From the measurement results, the water contact angles of the coatings corresponding to the coating solutions obtained in examples 1 to 7 are significantly increased compared with comparative example 1, which indicates that the use of the modifier of the present invention can significantly improve the hydrophobicity of the shellac coating material.
TABLE 2 Water contact Angle of coating for coating liquid
| Contact angle of water | |
| Example 1 | 108.7±2.3° |
| Example 2 | 94.2±1.7° |
| Example 3 | 92.3±2.1° |
| Example 4 | 116.5±3.4° |
| Example 5 | 95.7±1.9° |
| Example 6 | 98.4±2.6° |
| Example 7 | 112.2±3.5° |
| Comparative example 1 | 76.2±1.9° |
3. Water penetration resistance
And pouring a proper amount of the coating liquid prepared in comparative example 1 and examples 1 to 7 into a tetrafluoro plate mold, preparing a film with the thickness of about 150 mu m after solvent evaporation, and testing the water vapor permeability of the film by a moisture permeable cup method. From the measurement results, compared with comparative example 1, the water vapor transmission rate of the corresponding films of the coating materials obtained in examples 1-7 is reduced by more than 50%, which indicates that the water-resistant permeability of the shellac coating material can be obviously enhanced by using the modifier.
TABLE 3 Water vapor Transmission Rate of the films for coating materials
| Water vapor transmittance (g.m -2·d-1) | |
| Example 1 | 15.46±1.89 |
| Example 2 | 16.83±1.64 |
| Example 3 | 17.76±1.21 |
| Example 4 | 14.38±0.97 |
| Example 5 | 16.71±2.14 |
| Example 6 | 16.42±0.86 |
| Example 7 | 14.69±1.13 |
| Comparative example 1 | 35.70±1.31 |
4. Sustained release properties
10G of the coated slow release fertilizer in comparative example 1 and example 1 are respectively weighed and soaked in 200mL of deionized water with pH of 7, the leaching solution is extracted every 24 hours, 200mL of deionized water is replaced, and a spectrophotometry is selected to test the nitrogen release rate of the leaching solution.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, the coated slow-release fertilizers of comparative example 1 and example 1 were free from explosive release, the initial release amounts of urea for the first 24 hours were 0.46% and 1.27%, respectively, and the release periods of urea contained in 80% were 18 days and 46 days, respectively, i.e., the release lives of the coated slow-release fertilizers of example 1 were 2.56 times that of comparative example 1. Therefore, the coating material provided by the invention can obviously prolong the slow release period and reach the standard that the release amount is not more than 80% within 28 days required by national standard GB/T23148-2009.
Meanwhile, the graph shows that the slope of the slow-release curve basically keeps unchanged, which indicates that the slow-release rate of the slow-release fertilizer provided by the invention is constant.
In addition, the coating shells of the coating slow release fertilizer in comparative example 1 and example 1 after being soaked in water for 90 days are crushed and then soaked in deionized water, and urea is not detected in the soaking liquid, namely the total cumulative release rate of the coating fertilizer in comparative example 1 and example 1 is 100%. Therefore, the shellac coating material provided by the invention can fully release fertilizer.
5. Acid resistance
10G of the coated slow release fertilizer in comparative example 1 and example 6 were weighed and soaked in 200mL of aqueous solution with pH of 5 (the aqueous solution with pH of 5 is obtained by adjusting hydrochloric acid), the leaching solution was extracted every 24 hours and 200mL of new aqueous solution with pH of 5 was replaced, and the nitrogen release rate of the leaching solution was tested by spectrophotometry.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, the coated slow-release fertilizers of comparative example 1 and example 6 did not show explosive release, the initial release amounts of urea in the first 24 hours were 0.52% and 1.41%, respectively, and the release periods of urea contained in 80% were 18 days and 46 days, respectively, i.e., the release lives of the coated fertilizers of example 6 were 2.56 times that of comparative example 1. Therefore, the lac slow-release coating material provided by the invention has good acid resistance and can play a role in strong acid soil.
The coating shells of the coating slow release fertilizers in comparative example 1 and example 6 after being soaked in water for 90 days are crushed and then soaked in deionized water, and urea is not detected in the soaking liquid, so that the total cumulative release rate of the coating fertilizers in comparative example 1 and example 6 is 100%.
6. Alkali resistance
10G of the coated slow release fertilizer in comparative example 1 and example 7 were weighed and soaked in 200mL of an aqueous solution with pH of 9 (the aqueous solution with pH of 9 is obtained by adjusting sodium hydroxide), the leaching solution was extracted every 24 hours and200 mL of a new aqueous solution with pH of 9 was replaced, and the nitrogen release rate of the leaching solution was tested by spectrophotometry.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the coated slow-release fertilizers of comparative example 1 and example 7 did not exhibit explosive release, the initial release amounts of urea for the first 24 hours were 0.28% and 0.76%, respectively, and the release periods of urea contained in 80% were 20 days and 47 days, respectively, i.e., the release lives of the coated slow-release fertilizers of example 7 were 2.35 times that of comparative example 1. Therefore, the lac slow-release coating material provided by the invention has good alkali resistance and can play a role in strong alkaline soil.
The coating shells of comparative example 1 and example 7 after being immersed in water for 90 days were crushed and immersed in deionized water, and the presence of urea was not detected in the immersion liquid, indicating that the total cumulative release rate of the coating fertilizers of comparative example 1 and example 7 was 100%.
7. Application effects
2G of the coated slow release fertilizer in comparative example 1 and example 1 were weighed respectively, placed in a corn seedling pot containing 1000g of soil, buried to a depth of 5cm, watered 100mL each day, and cultured under sunlight, 2g of urea and a blank (without adding fertilizer) were used as controls. After 60 days, the corn seedlings were pulled up with roots, rinsed with water, and the root length, leaf length, fresh weight and dry weight of corn were measured. Each set of samples was repeated three times and averaged.
TABLE 4 influence of coated slow-release fertilizer on maize seedling growth in four dimensions of stem length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight
| Stem length/cm | Root length/cm | Fresh weight/g | Dry weight/g | |
| Example 1 | 86.1 | 29.7 | 39.5 | 3.9 |
| Comparative example 1 | 75.6 | 22.1 | 25.1 | 2.5 |
| Urea | 18.4 | 7.8 | 1.1 | 0.4 |
| Blank space | 63.0 | 17.7 | 18.5 | 2.0 |
The results are shown in the table above, with the urea group, the corn seedlings burn due to the faster release. Compared with the comparative example 1 and the blank, the corn seedlings in the example 1 have stem lengths improved by 13.89% and 36.67% respectively, root lengths improved by 34.39% and 67.80% respectively, fresh weights improved by 57.37% and 113.51% respectively, and dry weights improved by 56.00% and 95.00% respectively after 60 days of culture. The result shows that the lac coated slow release fertilizer provided by the invention has excellent long-acting slow release performance and can exert fertilizer efficiency for a long time, thereby obviously promoting the growth of crops.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A coating material comprising the following composition: 1 part by weight of shellac and 0.005-1 part by weight of modifier;
The modifier is selected from one or more of silane, silane polymer, lipid and ester.
2. The coating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the silane is selected from silanes with a melting point higher than 30 ℃;
the silane polymer is selected from polymers generated by the hydrolytic polymerization reaction of silane, wherein the water contact angle of the polymers is more than 90 degrees;
The lipid is selected from one or more of fatty acid, fat, wax and resin;
the esters are selected from one or more of polylactic acid and derivatives thereof, polycarbonate and copolymers thereof, polyurethane and copolymers thereof, polyhydroxybutyrate and copolymers thereof, butylene glycol ester copolymers and polycaprolactone.
3. Coating material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the coating material comprises the following components:
When the modifier is silane or a silane polymer, the coating material comprises the following components: 1 part by weight of shellac and 0.05-0.5 part by weight of modifier;
When the modifier is a lipid, the coating material comprises the following components: 1 part by weight of shellac and 0.05-0.5 part by weight of modifier;
When the modifier is an ester, the coating material comprises the following components: 1 part by weight of shellac and 0.1 to 1.0 part by weight of modifier.
4. A coating material according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the coating material further comprises an additive;
the additive is selected from one or more of lignin, bentonite, cellulose and derivatives thereof;
The additive is added in an amount of not more than 50% of the total mass of the coating material.
5. The coating material of claim 4, wherein: the coating material comprises the following components: 1 part by weight of shellac, 0.005-0.5 part by weight of modifier and 0.1-1.0 part by weight of additive.
6. A process for preparing a coating material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of: adding lac into a solvent to obtain a lac solution; and adding other components into the lac solution to obtain the coating material.
7. The method of manufacturing according to claim 6, wherein: the solvent is at least one selected from ethanol and homologs thereof, formic acid and homologs thereof, benzyl alcohol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, sodium carbonate solution and ammonia water;
The mass concentration of the lac in the lac solution is 0.01-0.4g/ml.
8. A shellac coated slow release fertilizer comprises a fertilizer and a slow release film; the sustained release film is prepared by using the coating material according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
9. The shellac-coated slow release fertilizer of claim 8, wherein: in the shellac coated slow release fertilizer, the mass fraction of the slow release film is 10-50%;
The thickness of the slow release film is 100-600 mu m.
10. The method for preparing the shellac-coated slow release fertilizer according to claim 8 or 9, comprising the following steps: and mixing the fertilizer with the coating material, and coating to obtain the lac coated slow release fertilizer.
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