CN110845635B - Preparation method of amphoteric polysaccharide water-absorbing material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of high-molecular water-absorbing materials, and discloses a preparation method of an amphoteric polysaccharide water-absorbing material, which comprises the following steps: the tamarind seed polysaccharide is catalyzed and oxidized by a TEMPO-NaBr-NaClO system, and carboxyl is introduced; etherifying the oxidized tamarind polysaccharide with quaternary ammonium salt, and introducing quaternary ammonium salt groups to form amphoteric tamarind polysaccharide; adding glutaraldehyde into the amphoteric tamarind seed polysaccharide for crosslinking reaction to obtain adhesive liquid; and (4) preparing the adhesive liquid into microspheres through ion precipitation, and drying to obtain the adhesive. The invention has the advantages that: the tamarind seed polysaccharide which is a purely natural food processing waste and low in cost is used as a raw material, so that the bottlenecks of environment protection and cost of the raw material are overcome; the plant polysaccharide modification method is adopted, so that the defect that the prepared monomer or degradation product is toxic and harmful is overcome; carboxyl and quaternary ammonium salt groups are quantitatively introduced at fixed points on a tamarind polysaccharide molecular structure, and are crosslinked into a net structure to prepare microspheres, so that the defects of single water absorption function and poor water absorption and salt tolerance of other high water absorption materials are overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-molecular water-absorbing materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an amphoteric polysaccharide water-absorbing material.
Background
The high water absorption material is successfully developed by Goodrich company in the United states and northern research institute of agriculture department in the 50 th century at the earliest, and the water absorption rate of the high water absorption material is dozens to thousands of times of the self weight. According to different raw materials, the water-absorbing material is mainly divided into synthetic resin and natural and modified high molecular water-absorbing materials. The synthetic resins mainly comprise polyacrylate series, such as polyacrylamide, acrylic acid and acrylamide copolymer, polyacrylonitrile hydrolysate, and the like; polyvinyl alcohols such as crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol-acid anhydride crosslinked copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol freeze-thaw gel, and the like; polyoxyethylene series, such as polyethers and olefin oxides. Because synthetic resin super absorbent materials are influenced by the adverse effects on ecological environment such as increasingly insufficient petrochemical resources, poor biodegradability, toxic degradation products and synthetic monomers, natural and modified high molecular super absorbent materials such as starch systems, cellulose systems, protein systems and other carbohydrate systems are valued by people with the advantages of environmental friendliness, biodegradability, no toxicity, no harm, wide sources, low price and the like, and are widely applied to agriculture, forestry and horticulture such as drought resistance, water retention, soil improvement, wind prevention, sand fixation, water and soil conservation and the like; medical health, such as artificial vitreous body, artificial cornea, medical sustained release, etc.; daily chemical industry, such as beauty treatment and makeup, water retention and moisture retention, fragrance adsorption and the like. However, the existing high water absorption materials based on starch, cellulose, protein and the like, which follow the process of synthesizing resin water absorbent, such as starch or cellulose grafted acrylonitrile, acrylamide, acrylate and the like, have the defects and disadvantages of high cost, non-uniform modification, single water absorption functional group, toxic graft comonomer, poor salt tolerance (the difference between the water absorption rates of pure water and saline water is huge), and the like.
Tamarind seed polysaccharide is a plant polysaccharide extracted from tamarind seed which is a food processing waste, and has the advantages of low cost, highly branched molecular structure, easy biodegradation and the like. Attempts are made to prepare water-absorbing materials by using low-cost tamarind seed polysaccharide raw materials.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method of an amphoteric polysaccharide water-absorbing material which takes tamarind seed polysaccharide as a raw material and is modified.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following means.
A preparation method of amphoteric polysaccharide water-absorbing material comprises the following steps:
1) the tamarind seed polysaccharide is catalyzed and oxidized by a TEMPO-NaBr-NaClO system, and carboxyl is introduced;
2) etherifying the tamarind polysaccharide oxidized in the step 1) with quaternary ammonium salt, and introducing quaternary ammonium salt groups to form amphoteric tamarind polysaccharide;
3) adding glutaraldehyde into the amphoteric tamarind seed polysaccharide in the step 2) for crosslinking reaction to obtain adhesive liquid;
4) performing ion precipitation on the adhesive liquid prepared in the step 3), and drying to obtain the adhesive.
Further, the weight ratio of tamarind seed polysaccharide, TEMPO, NaBr, NaClO, quaternary ammonium salt and glutaraldehyde in the step 1) is 1000: 10-12: 50-60: 400-550: 200-250: 50.
Further, step 1) dissolving tamarind seed polysaccharide in 10 times of deionized water, adding TEMPO and NaBr, adding sodium hypochlorite while stirring, adjusting and maintaining the pH of the solution at 9.5, and reacting for 1-2 hours. Only the primary hydroxyl group is selectively oxidized to a carboxyl group due to the steric hindrance effect of TEMPO.
And further adding isopropanol with the weight being 8-10 times of that of TEMPO into the mixture after the reaction in the step 1) is finished to terminate the reaction. Consuming excessive sodium hypochlorite to avoid continuous oxidation of polysaccharide.
Further, sodium hydroxide of 1/2 tamarind seed polysaccharide weight is added into the oxidized tamarind seed polysaccharide solution in the step 2), the mixture is stirred for 30-60 minutes, quaternary ammonium salt is added, and the mixture is heated to 60 ℃ and stirred to react for 3-4 hours. The quaternary ammonium salt group is influenced by steric hindrance and activity of alcoholic hydroxyl group on polysaccharide molecule, and it is generally considered that the introduction of primary hydroxyl group on polysaccharide branch chain is more.
Further, in the step 3), the pH value of the amphoteric tamarind polysaccharide solution is adjusted to be neutral, glutaraldehyde is added, and crosslinking is carried out for 2-3 hours at 50 ℃ to obtain the adhesive liquid.
Further, in the step 4), the adhesive liquid is made into microspheres with the diameter of 2-5 mm, the microspheres are placed into an ion precipitation tank containing 5% calcium chloride ethanol water solution for soaking and curing, the microspheres are taken out, washed with ethanol for 2-3 times, then washed with deionized water until no chloride ions are detected in filtrate, and dried at 50 ℃ to prepare the amphoteric polysaccharide water absorbing material with the diameter of 1-3 mm.
Further, the quaternary ammonium salt is one of glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the tamarind seed polysaccharide which is a purely natural food processing waste and low in cost is used as a raw material, so that the bottlenecks of environment friendliness and cost in the preparation of raw materials of other high-water-absorption materials are overcome;
2) the defect that other high water absorption materials are toxic and harmful when used for preparing monomers or degradation products is overcome by adopting an environment-friendly plant polysaccharide modification method;
3) water absorption and retention functional groups are quantitatively introduced at fixed points on a tamarind polysaccharide molecular structure, and an ion precipitation process is adopted to prepare polysaccharide microspheres, wherein carboxyl groups, quaternary ammonium salt groups and hydroxyl groups, and porous structures in the polysaccharide microspheres have the synergistic effect of multiple water absorption and retention mechanisms, so that the defects of single water absorption function and poor water absorption and salt tolerance of other high water absorption materials are overcome.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the obtained amphoteric polysaccharide water-absorbing material;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. The raw materials used in the invention are all commercial products.
Example 1
A preparation method of amphoteric polysaccharide water-absorbing material comprises the following steps:
1) 100 g of tamarind seed polysaccharide was dissolved in 1 l of deionized water with slow stirring. Adding 1.0 g of 2,2,6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxide (TEMPO) and 5 g of sodium bromide catalyst, and uniformly stirring; dropwise adding 400g of 10% sodium hypochlorite solution, adjusting and maintaining the pH value to 9.5, reacting for 1 hour at room temperature, and adding 10 ml of isopropanol to terminate the reaction;
2) slowly dissolving the solution obtained in the step 1), adding 50 g of sodium hydroxide, stirring for 30 minutes, adding 20 g of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, heating to 60 ℃, and stirring for reacting for 3 hours;
3) adjusting the pH value of the solution obtained in the step 2) to be neutral, adding 5 g of glutaraldehyde, controlling the temperature to be 50 ℃, and carrying out crosslinking reaction for 2 hours to obtain adhesive liquid;
4) adding the adhesive liquid obtained in the step 3) into a cylindrical rotor of a rotating microsphere preparation device, adjusting the rotating speed of the rotor to 300 revolutions per minute, throwing the adhesive liquid from a rotor wall hole into an ion sedimentation tank containing 5% calcium chloride ethanol water solution (the volume ratio of alcohol to water is 7:3), and carrying out sedimentation molding to obtain microspheres with the diameter of 2-5 mm. And (3) taking out the microspheres, washing the microspheres for 2-3 times by using ethanol, then washing the microspheres by using deionized water until no chloride ion is detected in filtrate, and drying the microspheres at 50 ℃ to prepare the amphoteric polysaccharide water absorbing material with the diameter of 1-3 mm. The structural formula is shown in figure 1.
Soaking the prepared polysaccharide microspheres of the tamarind seed in deionized water and normal saline, and testing to obtain the deionized water and the normal saline with the water absorption multiplying power of 150g/g and 128g/g respectively.
Soaking 10 g of prepared polysaccharide microspheres of tamarind in deionized water for 4-6 hours to reach saturation and water absorption, placing the microspheres in a nylon mesh bag of 200 meshes, layering the amphoteric polysaccharide microspheres and humus soil according to the total mass ratio of 1:50-100, covering the soil with the thickness of 3-5 cm, watering until the microspheres are saturated, placing the microspheres in an open environment, and watering once every half a month. Collecting residual amphoteric polysaccharide microspheres after 15 days, 30 days, 60 days, 90 days and 180 days, cleaning, drying and weighing, evaluating degradation condition, simultaneously collecting soil, and detecting soil microorganism species and quantity by a dilution plate method.
| Day 0 | 15 days | 30 days | 60 days | 90 days | 180 days | |
| Degradation Rate (%) | 0 | 5.3 | 12.5 | 39.9 | 63.5 | 95.6 |
| Bacterium (per g) | 2.5x10 8 | 3.2x10 8 | 8.6x10 8 | 3.5x10 9 | 4.2x10 9 | 5.8x10 9 |
| Actinomycetes (one/g) | 4.6x10 6 | 7.8x10 6 | 1.5x10 7 | 3.8x10 7 | 4.9x10 7 | 5.6x10 7 |
| Fungus (pieces/g) | 3.6x10 5 | 4.8x10 5 | 7.2x10 5 | 1.0x10 6 | 2.1x10 6 | 3.1x10 6 |
The experiment proves that the 180-day degradation of the polysaccharide microspheres of the tamarind is basically finished, the growth and the propagation of soil microorganisms are facilitated, and the method is safe.
Example 2
A preparation method of amphoteric polysaccharide water-absorbing material comprises the following steps:
1) 1000 g of tamarind seed polysaccharide was dissolved in 10 l of deionized water with slow stirring. Adding 12.0 g of 2,2,6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxide (TEMPO) and 60 g of sodium bromide catalyst, and uniformly stirring; dropwise adding 5000g of 10% sodium hypochlorite solution, adjusting and maintaining the pH value to 9.5, reacting for 1.5 hours at room temperature, and adding 100 ml of isopropanol to terminate the reaction;
2) Slowly dissolving the solution obtained in the step 1), adding 500 g of sodium hydroxide, stirring for 40 minutes, adding 250 g of glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, heating to 60 ℃, and stirring to react for 3.5 hours;
3) adjusting the pH value of the solution obtained in the step 2) to be neutral, adding 50 g of glutaraldehyde, controlling the temperature to be 50 ℃, and carrying out crosslinking reaction for 2.5 hours to obtain adhesive liquid;
4) adding the adhesive liquid obtained in the step 3) into a cylindrical rotor of a rotating microsphere preparation device, adjusting the rotating speed of the rotor to 300 revolutions per minute, throwing the adhesive liquid from a rotor wall hole into an ion sedimentation tank containing 5% calcium chloride ethanol water solution (the volume ratio of alcohol to water is 7:3), and carrying out sedimentation molding to obtain microspheres with the diameter of 2-5 mm. And (3) taking out the microspheres, washing the microspheres for 2-3 times by using ethanol, then washing the microspheres by using deionized water until no chloride ion is detected in filtrate, and drying the microspheres at 50 ℃ to prepare the amphoteric polysaccharide water absorbing material with the diameter of 1-3 mm. The structural formula is shown in figure 1.
Soaking the prepared polysaccharide microspheres of the tamarind seeds in deionized water and physiological saline, and testing to obtain that the water absorption rates of the deionized water and the physiological saline are 145g/g and 120g/g respectively.
Soaking 10 g of prepared polysaccharide microspheres of the tamarind seeds in deionized water for 4-6 hours to reach saturation water absorption, placing the microspheres into a 200-mesh nylon mesh bag, paving layers of the amphoteric polysaccharide and covering soil with a thickness of 3-5 cm according to the total mass ratio of 1:50-100 with humus soil, watering until the microspheres are saturated, and placing the microspheres in an open air environment. Collecting residual amphoteric polysaccharide microspheres after 15 days, 30 days, 60 days, 90 days and 180 days, cleaning, drying and weighing, evaluating degradation condition, simultaneously collecting soil, and detecting soil microorganism species and quantity by a dilution plate method.
| Day 0 | 15 days | 30 days | 60 days | 90 days | 180 days | |
| Degradation Rate (%) | 0 | 3.8 | 9.7 | 35.4 | 57.6 | 89.7 |
| Bacterium (per g) | 2.5x10 8 | 2.9x10 8 | 5.7x10 8 | 8.6x10 8 | 1.2x10 9 | 3.2x10 9 |
| Actinomycetes (one/g) | 4.6x10 6 | 5.3x10 6 | 8.6x10 6 | 1.3x10 7 | 2.2x10 7 | 4.1x10 7 |
| Fungus (pieces/g) | 3.6x10 5 | 4.3x10 5 | 6.8x10 5 | 9.6x10 5 | 1.8x10 6 | 3.0x10 6 |
The experiment proves that the amphoteric tamarind seed polysaccharide microspheres are basically degraded after 180 days, are beneficial to the growth and the propagation of soil microorganisms, and are safe.
Weighing 5 g of polysaccharide microspheres of tamarind seed, soaking in 1L of deionized water, normal saline (0.9% NaCl), 5% NaCl, 10% NaCl, 15% NaCl and 20% NaCl solution, filtering off excessive water by using a 200-mesh nylon bag after water absorption is balanced (24 hours), weighing, and calculating the water absorption rate. And selecting commercially available agricultural and forestry water-retaining agents such as polyacrylamide, starch grafted acrylamide and starch grafted acrylonitrile water-absorbing resin as comparison references.
The present invention has been described in terms of the above embodiments, and it should be understood that the above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalents or equivalent changes fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of amphoteric polysaccharide water-absorbing material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the tamarind seed polysaccharide is catalyzed and oxidized by a TEMPO-NaBr-NaClO system, and carboxyl is introduced: dissolving tamarind seed polysaccharide in 10 times of deionized water, adding TEMPO and NaBr, adding sodium hypochlorite while stirring, adjusting and maintaining the pH of the solution at 9.5, and reacting for 1-2 hours; adding isopropanol with the weight being 8-10 times that of TEMPO to terminate the reaction after the reaction is finished;
2) Etherifying the tamarind polysaccharide oxidized in the step 1) with quaternary ammonium salt, and introducing quaternary ammonium salt groups to form amphoteric tamarind polysaccharide: adding sodium hydroxide of 1/2 tamarind seed polysaccharide weight into the oxidized tamarind seed polysaccharide solution, stirring for 30-60 minutes, adding quaternary ammonium salt, heating to 60 ℃, and reacting for 3-4 hours with stirring;
3) adding glutaraldehyde into the amphoteric tamarind polysaccharide in the step 2) for crosslinking reaction to obtain an adhesive solution: adjusting the pH value of the polysaccharide solution of the tamarind to be neutral, adding glutaraldehyde, and crosslinking for 2-3 hours at 50 ℃ to obtain adhesive liquid; the weight ratio of tamarind seed polysaccharide, TEMPO, NaBr, NaClO, quaternary ammonium salt and glutaraldehyde is 1000: 10-12: 50-60: 400-500: 200-250: 50;
4) performing ion precipitation on the obtained adhesive liquid prepared in the step 3), and drying to obtain: adding adhesive liquid into a cylindrical rotor of a rotating microsphere preparation device, adjusting the rotating speed of the rotor to 300 revolutions per minute, throwing the adhesive liquid into an ion sedimentation tank filled with 5% calcium chloride ethanol water solution with the alcohol-water volume ratio of 7:3 from a rotor wall hole, and carrying out sedimentation forming to prepare microspheres with the diameter of 2-5 mm; and (3) taking out the microspheres, washing the microspheres for 2-3 times by using ethanol, then washing the microspheres by using deionized water until no chloride ion is detected in filtrate, and drying the microspheres at 50 ℃ to prepare the amphoteric polysaccharide water absorbing material with the diameter of 1-3 mm.
2. The method for preparing amphoteric polysaccharide water absorbing material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is one of glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.
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