CN118016918A - CO poisoning-resistant PtRuMo/C catalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cell and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
CO poisoning-resistant PtRuMo/C catalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cell and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN118016918A CN118016918A CN202410053057.1A CN202410053057A CN118016918A CN 118016918 A CN118016918 A CN 118016918A CN 202410053057 A CN202410053057 A CN 202410053057A CN 118016918 A CN118016918 A CN 118016918A
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910002849 PtRu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Substances [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000004687 hexahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910015221 MoCl5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- GICWIDZXWJGTCI-UHFFFAOYSA-I molybdenum pentachloride Chemical compound Cl[Mo](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl GICWIDZXWJGTCI-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a CO poisoning-resistant PtRuMo/C catalyst of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a preparation method thereof; the method comprises the following steps: firstly, loading platinum and ruthenium on a carbon carrier by chloroplatinic acid and ruthenium trichloride through a co-reduction method to obtain PtRu/C; secondly, controlling the dropping speed, adding an ethanol solution of MoCl 5 into the mixed solution of PtRu/C, stirring to enable molybdenum to be deposited on the PtRu/C in an oxide form, cleaning, drying and grinding into solid powder; and thirdly, placing the obtained solid powder in an atmosphere protection furnace, and treating at 500-700 ℃ in a reducing atmosphere to obtain PtRuMo/C catalyst.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrocatalytic materials and fuel cells, relates to an oxide modified carbon-supported platinum catalyst for a fuel cell and a preparation method thereof, and in particular relates to a CO poisoning resistant PtRuMo/C catalyst for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the increasing prominence of energy problems and environmental problems, research and development of new energy automobiles has become a hotspot worldwide. Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCV) powered by Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are considered as ideal vehicles for future road traffic due to their advantages of fast start-up speed, high energy conversion efficiency, long driving range, zero emission, etc. At present, hydrogen for fuel cells is high-purity hydrogen, and the purification process of the hydrogen is complex and has high cost. The source of hydrogen is mainly industrial byproduct hydrogen, but the industrial byproduct hydrogen contains trace CO. Because of the competitive adsorption of CO with H 2 on the Pt surface, CO adsorbs more strongly on Pt than hydrogen, resulting in the active sites on the Pt surface being occupied, and the inclusion of ppm-level CO in hydrogen can lead to dramatic degradation of fuel cell performance. By regulating the components and the structure of the Pt catalyst, the CO resistance of the Pt catalyst can be improved, and Ru is the best CO resistance component reported in the current literature. The modification of the non-noble metal can reduce the use amount of the noble metal and the cost; meanwhile, the addition of non-noble metals can further improve the CO poisoning resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a CO poisoning-resistant PtRuMo/C catalyst for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the PtRuMo/C three-way catalyst is prepared by modifying PtRu/C of Mo, and has better CO resistance.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of a CO poisoning-resistant PtRuMo/C catalyst of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing PtRu/C dispersion liquid, namely dissolving chloroplatinic acid and ruthenium trichloride in deionized water, wherein the concentration of the chloroplatinic acid and the ruthenium trichloride is 0.01-0.5 g/mL, adding an ultrasonically dispersed carbon carrier, continuously stirring at room temperature for 2-5 h, quickly adding a reducing agent, and carrying out reduction treatment to obtain PtRu/C dispersion liquid A, wherein the mass ratio of the chloroplatinic acid to the carbon carrier is 1:5-5:1;
2) Slowly adding an alcohol solution of MoCl 5 into the PtRu/C dispersion liquid A, stirring at room temperature for 1-3 h to enable molybdenum to be deposited on PtRu/C in an oxide form, and cleaning, drying and grinding to obtain solid powder B;
3) The solid powder B is subjected to reduction treatment under a reducing atmosphere to obtain PtRuMo/C catalyst.
The catalyst is used for the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell, is used for reducing the occupation of CO on Pt surface active sites and reduces the influence of CO on the performance of the fuel cell.
As one embodiment of the invention, the reducing agent for reducing chloroplatinic acid and ruthenium chloride in the step 1) is ethanol, the reduction treatment temperature is 70-90 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-3 h.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the alcohol in the alcoholic solution of MoCl 5 in step 2) is one or a mixture of several of ethanol, isopropanol and n-propanol.
As one embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of MoCl 5 in the alcoholic solution of MoCl 5 in step 2) is 0.001g/mL to 0.1g/mL. MoCl 5 and PtRu/C mass ratio is 1:10 to 1:50.
As an embodiment of the invention, the alcoholic solution of MoCl 5 in step 2) is added to PtRu/C dispersion A by peristaltic pump at a rate of 1mL/min to 100mL/min.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the reducing atmosphere in step 3) is hydrogen, a hydrogen-argon mixture, a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture or carbon monoxide.
As one embodiment of the present invention, the reduction treatment temperature in step 3) is 500 to 700 ℃ for 1 to 5 hours.
The invention also provides a CO poisoning resistant PtRuMo/C catalyst of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell prepared by the method.
The invention also provides an application of the CO poisoning-resistant PtRuMo/C catalyst of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell in preparing the fuel cell.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) By controlling the dropping speed of the MoCl5 ethanol solution, the uniform dispersion of Mo on the surface of the catalyst is controlled, the subsequent high-temperature uniform alloying is facilitated, and the catalytic activity of the catalyst is improved;
2) By introducing Mo, the electronic structure of PtRu alloy can be optimized, the activity and CO tolerance of the catalyst are improved, and the dependence of the fuel cell on the hydrogen purity is greatly improved;
3) The catalyst nano particles with the particle size and the dispersion are obtained by high-temperature heat treatment in the reducing atmosphere.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of cell performance tests of the catalysts prepared in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of a cell performance test of the catalysts prepared in examples 1-4 of the present invention, wherein the anode hydrogen contains 2ppm CO;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of cell performance tests of catalysts prepared in example 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2 according to the present invention, wherein anode hydrogen contains 2ppm of CO;
fig. 4 shows TEM results of the catalyst prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1) 5.18G of chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate and 1.72g ruthenium trichloride are added into 50mL of deionized water, and stirring is continued for 30min until complete dissolution; 50mL of the ultrasonically dispersed carbon support dispersion (2 g/50 mL) was added and stirred at room temperature for 3h; then, rapidly adding 20mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, heating to 80 ℃ and continuing to react for 2 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain PtRu/C dispersion liquid A;
2) 0.273g of MoCl 5 is dissolved in 30mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, the solution is slowly added into the PtRu/C mixed dispersion liquid, stirring treatment is carried out for 2 hours at room temperature, and then deionized water is used for filtering and cleaning for 5 times, and solid powder B is obtained by drying and grinding;
3) The solid powder B is placed in a tube furnace and treated in a hydrogen-argon mixture at 700 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain PtRuMo/C catalyst.
Example 2
1) 5.18G of chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate and 1.72g ruthenium trichloride are added into 100mL of deionized water, and stirring is continued for 30min until complete dissolution; continuously adding 100mL of the carbon carrier dispersion liquid (2 g/100 mL) subjected to ultrasonic dispersion, and stirring for 3h at room temperature; then 30mL of absolute ethyl alcohol is rapidly added, the temperature is raised to 80 ℃ and the reaction is continued for 2 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain PtRu/C dispersion liquid A;
2) 0.273g of MoCl 5 is dissolved in 50mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, the solution is slowly added into the PtRu/C mixed dispersion liquid, stirring treatment is carried out for 2 hours at room temperature, and then deionized water is used for filtering and cleaning for 5 times, and solid powder B is obtained by drying and grinding;
3) The solid powder B is placed in a tube furnace and treated for 3 hours at 800 ℃ in a hydrogen-argon mixture gas to obtain PtRuMo/C catalyst.
Example 3
1) 5.18G of chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate and 1.72g ruthenium trichloride are added into 200mL of deionized water, and stirring is continued for 30min until complete dissolution; 200mL of the ultrasonically dispersed carbon support dispersion (2 g/200 mL) was added and stirred at room temperature for 3h; then, rapidly adding 10mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, heating to 80 ℃ and continuing to react for 2 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain PtRu/C dispersion liquid A;
2) 0.273g of MoCl 5 is dissolved in 30mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, the solution is slowly added into the PtRu/C mixed dispersion liquid, stirring treatment is carried out for 2 hours at room temperature, and then deionized water is used for filtering and cleaning for 5 times, and solid powder B is obtained by drying and grinding;
3) The solid powder B is placed in a tube furnace and treated in a hydrogen-argon mixture at 900 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain PtRuMo/C catalyst.
Example 4
1) 5.18G of chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate and 0.86g ruthenium trichloride are added into 100mL of deionized water, and stirring is continued for 30min until complete dissolution; continuously adding 100mL of the carbon carrier dispersion liquid (2 g/100 mL) subjected to ultrasonic dispersion, and stirring for 3h at room temperature; then, rapidly adding 20mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, heating to 80 ℃ and continuing to react for 2 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain PtRu/C dispersion liquid A;
2) 0.273g of MoCl 5 is dissolved in 30mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, the solution is slowly added into the PtRu/C mixed dispersion liquid, stirring treatment is carried out for 2 hours at room temperature, and then deionized water is used for filtering and cleaning for 5 times, and solid powder B is obtained by drying and grinding;
3) The solid powder B is placed in a tube furnace and treated in a hydrogen-argon mixture at 700 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain PtRuMo/C catalyst.
Comparative example 1
1) 5.18G of chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate and 1.72g ruthenium trichloride are added into 100mL of deionized water, and stirring is continued for 30min until complete dissolution; continuously adding 100mL of the carbon carrier dispersion liquid (2 g/100 mL) subjected to ultrasonic dispersion, and stirring for 3h at room temperature; then 300mL of absolute ethyl alcohol is rapidly added, the temperature is raised to 80 ℃ and the reaction is continued for 2 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain PtRu/C dispersion liquid A;
2) 0.136g of MoCl 5 is dissolved in 50mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, the solution is slowly added into the PtRu/C mixed dispersion liquid, stirring treatment is carried out for 2 hours at room temperature, and then deionized water is used for filtering and cleaning for 5 times, and solid powder B is obtained by drying and grinding;
3) And (3) placing the solid powder B in a tubular furnace, and treating the solid powder B in a hydrogen-argon mixed gas at 800 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the catalyst.
Comparative example 2
1) 5.18G of chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate and 1.72g ruthenium trichloride are added into 100mL of deionized water, and stirring is continued for 30min until complete dissolution; continuously adding 100mL of the carbon carrier dispersion liquid (2 g/100 mL) subjected to ultrasonic dispersion, and stirring for 3h at room temperature; then, rapidly adding 20mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, heating to 80 ℃ and continuing to react for 2 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain PtRu/C dispersion liquid A;
2) Filtering and cleaning PtRu/C dispersion liquid, filtering and cleaning for 5 times by deionized water, drying and grinding to obtain solid powder B;
3) And (3) placing the solid powder B in a tubular furnace, and treating the solid powder B in a hydrogen-argon mixed gas at 800 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the PtRu/C catalyst.
The catalysts prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were subjected to polarization performance testing according to GB/T20042.5-2009 section 5 of proton exchange membrane fuel cell: membrane electrode test methods.
FIG. 1 shows the results of the cell performance test of the catalysts prepared in examples 1 to 4. As can be seen from FIG. 1, in the case where the anode side is high purity hydrogen, the 4 catalysts all exhibit higher performance, and the catalysts of examples 1 to 4 have output voltages at a current density of 1600mA/cm2, respectively: 0.63V, 0.66V, 0.65V and 0.60V.
FIG. 2 shows the results of the cell performance test of the catalysts prepared in examples 1 to 4, wherein the anode hydrogen contains 2ppm CO, and as can be seen from FIG. 2, the 4 catalysts show reduced performance in the case that the anode side hydrogen contains 2ppm CO, and the catalysts of examples 1 to 4 have output voltages at a current density of 1600mA/cm 2, respectively, of: 0.56V, 0.62V, 0.60V and 0.52V.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of testing the cell performance of the catalysts prepared in example 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2, wherein the anode hydrogen contains 2ppm CO, and as can be seen from FIG. 3, when the Mo content is halved, the cell performance is reduced by 25-30mV under the same conditions; when Mo is completely absent from the catalyst, the cell performance will decrease by 60-80mV, further illustrating that Mo plays an important role in improving the CO resistance of the catalyst.
Fig. 4 shows TEM results of the catalyst prepared in example 2, and catalyst nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the surface of the carbon support as shown in fig. 4.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the claims without affecting the spirit of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing a catalyst for resisting CO poisoning PtRuMo/C of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Preparing PtRu/C dispersion liquid, namely dissolving chloroplatinic acid and ruthenium trichloride in deionized water, wherein the concentrations of the chloroplatinic acid and the ruthenium trichloride are 0.01-0.5 g/mL, adding an ultrasonically dispersed carbon carrier, continuously stirring at room temperature for 2-5 h, adding a reducing agent, and carrying out reduction treatment to obtain PtRu/C dispersion liquid A;
2) Slowly adding an alcohol solution of MoCl 5 into the PtRu/C dispersion liquid A, stirring at room temperature for 1-3 h to enable molybdenum to be deposited on PtRu/C in an oxide form, and cleaning, drying and grinding to obtain solid powder B;
3) The solid powder B is subjected to reduction treatment under a reducing atmosphere to obtain PtRuMo/C catalyst.
2. The method for preparing the catalyst PtRuMo/C for resisting CO poisoning of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the reducing agent for reducing chloroplatinic acid and ruthenium chloride in the step 1) is ethanol, the reduction treatment temperature is 70-90 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-3 h.
3. The method for preparing CO poisoning PtRuMo/C catalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol in the alcoholic solution of MoCl 5 in step 2) is one or a mixture of several of ethanol, isopropanol and n-propanol.
4. The method for preparing CO poisoning PtRuMo/C catalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of MoCl 5 in the alcoholic solution of MoCl 5 in step 2) is 0.001g/mL to 0.1g/mL; moCl 5 and PtRu/C mass ratio is 1:10 to 1:50.
5. The method for preparing CO poisoning PtRuMo/C catalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol solution of MoCl 5 in step 2) is added into PtRu/C dispersion a by peristaltic pump at a rate of 1mL/min to 100mL/min.
6. The method for preparing CO poisoning PtRuMo/C catalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the reducing atmosphere in step 3) is hydrogen, hydrogen-argon mixture, hydrogen-nitrogen mixture or carbon monoxide.
7. The method for preparing CO poisoning PtRuMo/C resistant catalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the reduction treatment temperature in step 3) is 500-700 ℃ for 1-5 h.
8. A CO poisoning PtRuMo/C resistant catalyst for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell prepared according to the process of claim 1.
9. Use of the CO poisoning PtRuMo/C catalyst for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 8 in the preparation of a fuel cell.
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