CN111659389A - Platinum-based catalyst containing actinide simple substance or compound - Google Patents
Platinum-based catalyst containing actinide simple substance or compound Download PDFInfo
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- CN111659389A CN111659389A CN202010435578.5A CN202010435578A CN111659389A CN 111659389 A CN111659389 A CN 111659389A CN 202010435578 A CN202010435578 A CN 202010435578A CN 111659389 A CN111659389 A CN 111659389A
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 74
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 12
- WRWOVDSMUMEITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N actinium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ac+3].[Ac+3] WRWOVDSMUMEITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910002621 H2PtCl6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021592 Copper(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002666 PdCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011865 Pt-based catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910004042 HAuCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002057 nanoflower Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017398 Au—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018054 Ni-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018481 Ni—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002668 Pd-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018949 PtAu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002837 PtCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002844 PtNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 PtPd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002849 PtRu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002847 PtSn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002845 Pt–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018879 Pt—Pd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002925 chemical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005307 ferromagnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011943 nanocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005408 paramagnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/894—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- B01J35/33—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/923—Compounds thereof with non-metallic elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of catalysts, and relates to a platinum-based catalyst containing an actinide element simple substance or compound. The platinum-based catalyst comprises a catalytic active substance and a catalytic auxiliary substance, wherein the catalytic active substance comprises platinum metal, the catalytic auxiliary substance comprises a cocatalyst, and the cocatalyst comprises one or more of simple substances or compounds of actinide or protactinium. The platinum-based catalyst containing the actinide simple substance or compound has better catalytic performance and stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of catalysts, and relates to a platinum-based catalyst containing an actinide element simple substance or compound.
Background
Catalyst materials and catalytic technology are one of the fundamental and critical materials and technologies for the development of the chemical industry today. In modern industry, the production value produced by catalytic technology accounts for about 30% of the total value of national economy.
The electronic arrangement of the Pt outer layer of the noble metal is 5d86s2And the second outer layer has 8 d electrons, and the track is not filled. And because the energy level contains unpaired electrons, Pt can show stronger ferromagnetism or paramagnetism in physical properties; in the chemical adsorption process, these d electrons of Pt can pair with p electrons or s electrons in the adsorbate, and chemical adsorption occurs to generate an intermediate product, thereby activating the adsorbed molecules.
In modern industry, platinum catalysts are mainly used in inorganic chemical industry, petroleum refining, organic chemical industry, C1 chemical industry, fine chemical industry, purification and treatment of automobile exhaust and industrial gas, and the fields of fuel cells, sensors and the like, so that the platinum catalysts have very important positions in the aspects of industrial catalysis, environmental protection and green energy technology and show wide application prospects.
However, pure Pt as a catalyst has 3 major disadvantages, namely low utilization, low poisoning resistance, and high price. In response to these disadvantages, much research worldwide has been devoted to the development of highly active platinum catalysts and the reduction of the amount of platinum catalyst used in order to improve the catalytic activity, selectivity, and life span of the Pt catalyst.
With respect to Pt catalysts, the main current research directions are:
1. unitary Pt-based catalyst
The research direction of the unitary Pt-based catalyst focuses on finding a catalyst carrier with excellent performance and changing the size and surface state of Pt particles. For example, Zhu and the like adopt functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes dispersed in polyaniline as a carrier to synthesize a catalyst with good Pt/MWCNT/PAN dispersibility. Research results show that compared with a catalyst taking pure polyaniline as a carrier, the catalyst has higher catalytic activity. For example, Wu and the like are used for preparing a nano carbon material with a shell-core structure, carbon black particles are used as a core for loading, a graphite layer doped with carbon black is used as a shell, and the catalyst has high catalytic activity. For another example, Zhang and the like prepare the nanoflower with novel appearance through a template-free electrodeposition method, and the nanoflower has porous appearance and can provide larger active centers.
2. Binary Pt-based catalyst
In pure Pt catalystThe second metal which is easy to adsorb oxygen-containing substances is added to prepare the alloy type catalyst, so that the poisoning resistance of the catalyst is improved, and the performance of the catalyst is greatly improved. The Pt-based binary catalysts which are researched more and have better catalytic effect at present comprise PtRu, PtPd, PtSn, PtAu, PtNi, PtCo and metal oxide (Pt + MO)xAnd wherein M ═ Ti, W, Zr, Ce, Ta), and the like.
3. Multi-element Pt-based catalyst
Researchers have attempted to improve Pt-based alloys by adding third and even fourth metals to increase their catalytic activity. For example, Park et al have studied the electronic and chemical effects of Pt/Ni, Pt/Ru/Ni nanocatalysts in the oxidation process of methanol. As another example, Jeon et al synthesized a PtCoCr three-way catalyst, and the experimental results showed that Pt30Co30Cr40The catalyst has good electro-oxidation property, stability and catalytic effect on methanol, and is an excellent methanol electro-oxidation catalyst.
In summary, although scientists have performed several works in the field of noble metal Pt catalysis, the different methods are superior and inferior. And the industrial application of these Pt catalytic materials still faces many challenges, such as large-scale controllable synthesis method, catalytic material stability, precise regulation of metal loading, catalyst poisoning resistance, how to better combine the advanced preparation method of metal materials with carbon loading materials, and the like. Therefore, new ideas for noble metal Pt catalysis are under way.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a platinum-based catalyst containing an actinide element or compound, so as to have better catalytic performance and stability.
To achieve this object, in a basic embodiment, the present invention provides a platinum-based catalyst containing actinide elements or compounds, the platinum-based catalyst comprising a catalytically active material and a catalytic auxiliary material, the catalytically active material comprising platinum metal, the catalytic auxiliary material comprising a cocatalyst, the cocatalyst comprising one or more of actinide or protactinium elements or compounds (the platinum-based catalyst can be used in a fuel cell).
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a platinum-based catalyst comprising actinide elements or compounds, wherein the mass ratio of said catalytically active species to said catalytic auxiliary species is from 1:0.01 to 10.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a platinum-based catalyst comprising an actinide element or compound, wherein the mass ratio of said catalytically active species to said promoter is from 1:0.0001 to 1.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a platinum-based catalyst containing actinide elements or compounds, wherein the promoter further comprises one or more elements or oxides selected from gold, silver, cobalt, nickel, palladium, ruthenium, tin, bismuth, copper, iron, iridium, manganese, molybdenum, rhodium, tungsten and zinc.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a platinum-based catalyst containing actinide elements or compounds, wherein the catalytic auxiliary substance further comprises a catalyst carrier selected from one or more of activated carbon, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, graphene, silicon dioxide and zeolite.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a platinum-based catalyst comprising an actinide element or compound, wherein said compound is an inorganic compound or an organic compound.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a platinum-based catalyst comprising an actinide element or compound, wherein said compound is an oxide.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the platinum-based catalyst containing the actinide element simple substance or compound has better catalytic performance and stability.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1: preparation examples
Taking 0.6g Vulcan XC-72 carbon powder and 0.1g Ac2O3Powder, 10.25mL of H2PtCl6(0.1mol/L) solution and 17.04mL of NiSO4(0.1mol/L) solution is mixed and added into 80mL deionized water, ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 30min to lead the solution to be dispersed evenly, then under stirring, 1mol/L NaOH solution is used for adjusting the pH value to 8-9, and excessive NaBH of 2.0mg/mL is slowly added4The solution was stirred for 3 h. Washing with ultrapure water until no Cl is formed-Then vacuum drying for 4h at 60 ℃ to obtain Pt-Ni-Ac2O3a/C catalyst.
Example 2: comparative preparation example
0.6g of Vulcan XC-72 carbon powder and 10.25mL of H are taken2PtCl6(0.1mol/L) solution and 17.04mL of NiSO4(0.1mol/L) solution is mixed and added into 80mL deionized water, ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 30min to lead the solution to be dispersed evenly, then under stirring, 1mol/L NaOH solution is used for adjusting the pH value to 8-9, and excessive NaBH of 2.0mg/mL is slowly added4The solution was stirred for 3 h. Washing with ultrapure water until no Cl is formed-And then, drying for 4 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the Pt-Ni/C catalyst.
Example 3: preparation examples
Taking 0.6g Vulcan XC-72 carbon powder and 0.1g Ac2O3The powder is added into a 250mL beaker together with 80mL of ethylene glycol, ultrasonically shaken for 2H, and 10.25mL of H is added dropwise2PtCl6(0.1mol/L) solution and 16.97mL of CoCl2(0.1mol/L) solution, then adding 21mL formic acid, stirring at room temperature for 30min, placing in a microwave oven, heating for 20s, stopping heating for 10s, repeating for 5 times, heating for 10s, stopping heating for 10s, repeating for 5 times, cooling, filtering, and vacuum drying to obtain Pt-Co-Ac2O3a/C catalyst.
Example 4: comparative preparation example
0.6g of Vulcan XC-72 carbon powder and 80mL of ethylene glycol are added into a 250mL beaker and ultrasonically oscillated for 2H, and 10.25mL of H is dropwise added2PtCl6(0.1mol/L) solution and 16.97mL of CoCl2(0.1mol/L) solution, then adding 21mL formic acid, stirring at room temperature for 30min, placing in a microwave oven, heating for 20s, stopping heating for 10s, repeating for 5 times, then heating for 10s, stopping heating for 10s, repeating for 5 times, cooling, filtering, and drying in vacuum to obtain the Pt-Co/C catalyst.
Example 5: preparation examples
0.6g of Vulcan XC-72 carbon powder and 0.1g of Ac were taken2O3Adding the powder into 0.7mol HCOOH aqueous solution, ultrasonic treating for 30min, heating the obtained suspension to 80 deg.C, and stirring to obtain 10.25mL H2PtCl6(0.1mol/L) solution and 9.4mL of PdCl2(0.1mol/L) solution was added dropwise to the suspension. Stirring was continued at 80 ℃ for 2h to ensure complete reduction of Pd and Pt. After cooling, the mixture is washed with ultrapure water by suction filtration for a plurality of times until no Cl is formed-Until now. Finally, the obtained catalyst is put in a 60 ℃ oven for vacuum drying to obtain Pt-Pd-Ac2O3a/C catalyst.
Example 6: comparative preparation example
Adding 0.6g Vulcan XC-72 carbon powder into 0.7mol HCOOH aqueous solution, ultrasonically treating for 30min, heating the obtained suspension to 80 deg.C, and stirring to obtain 10.25mL H2PtCl6(0.1mol/L) solution and 9.4mL of PdCl2(0.1mol/L) solution was added dropwise to the suspension. Stirring was continued at 80 ℃ for 2h to ensure complete reduction of Pd and Pt. After cooling, the mixture is washed with ultrapure water by suction filtration for a plurality of times until no Cl is formed-Until now. And finally, putting the obtained catalyst in a 60 ℃ oven for vacuum drying to obtain the Pt-Pd/C catalyst.
Example 7: preparation examples
Taking 0.6g Vulcan XC-72 activated carbon and 0.1g Ac2O3Powder, 10.25mL of H2PtCl6(0.1mol/L) solution, 5.08mL of HAuCl4(0.1mol/L) solution and 17.04mL of NiSO4(0.1mol/L) of the solution was mixed and added to 80mL of ultrapure water, and the resulting suspension was sonicated for 1 hour. 200mL of Ethylene Glycol (EG) solution was added, and after 1 hour of sonication, the resulting solution was heated to 90 ℃ in a water bath with constant stirring for 4 hours. Cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing the obtained catalyst with mixed solution of distilled water and ethanol for several times, and vacuum drying at 60 ℃ to obtain Pt-Au-Ni-Ac2O3a/C catalyst.
Example 8: comparative preparation example
0.6g of Vulcan XC-72 activated carbon and 10.25mL of H are taken2PtCl6(0.1mol/L) solution, 5.08mL of HAuCl4(0.1mol/L) solution and 17.04mL of NiSO4(0.1mol/L) of the solution was mixed and added to 80mL of ultrapure water, and the resulting suspension was sonicated for 1 hour. 200mL of Ethylene Glycol (EG) solution was added, and after 1 hour of sonication, the resulting solution was heated to 90 ℃ in a water bath with constant stirring for 4 hours. After cooling to room temperature and filtering, the obtained catalyst is washed by a mixed solution of distilled water and ethanol for several times and dried in vacuum at 60 ℃ to obtain the Pt-Au-Ni/C catalyst.
Example 9: preparation examples
Taking 0.6g of brown yellow graphene oxide and 0.1g of Ac2O3Adding the powder into 50mL deionized water, ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, and transferring 10.25mL H by using a liquid transfer gun2PtCl6(0.1mol/L) solution, 17.04mL of NiSO4(0.1mol/L) solution and 15.74mL of CuCl2(0.1mol/L) solution is mixed and added into the graphene oxide solution, stirred for 10min and then transferred into a double-neck flask, 9.5mL deionized water is added, and N is added at 0 DEG C2After being mixed evenly in the atmosphere, 5mL7.72mmol/L KBH is injected rapidly by an injector4The solution changes color from brown yellow to black, and continues to be at 0 ℃ and N2Stirring for 30min under gas atmosphere to make it fully react, finally filtering, washing, drying and grinding to obtain Pt-Ni-Cu-Ac2O3a/C catalyst.
Example 10: comparative preparation example
Adding 0.6g of brown yellow graphene oxide into 50mL of deionized water, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min, and transferring 10.25mL of H by using a liquid transfer gun2PtCl6(0.1mol/L) solution, 17.04mL of NiSO4(0.1mol/L) solution and 15.74mL of CuCl2(0.1mol/L) solution is mixed and added into the graphene oxide solution, stirred for 10min and then transferred into a double-neck flask, 9.5mL deionized water is added, and N is added at 0 DEG C2After being mixed evenly in the atmosphere, 5mL of KBH 7.72mmol/L is injected rapidly by a syringe4The solution changes color from brown yellow to black, and continues to be at 0 ℃ and N2Stirring for 30min under gas atmosphere to make the catalyst fully react, finally carrying out suction filtration, washing, drying and grinding to obtain the Pt-Ni-Cu/C catalyst.
Example 11: preparation examples
Taking 0.6g Vulcan XC-72 activated carbon and 0.1g Ac2O3Adding the powder into a mixed solution of ultrapure water and isopropanol (volume ratio of 2:1), and ultrasonically dispersing for 0.5 h. Then, 10.25mL of H is added dropwise in sequence2PtCl6(0.1mol/L) solution, 9.4mL of PdCl2(0.1mol/L) solution and 15.74mL of CuCl2(0.1mol/L) solution and 20mg sodium citrate, and stirred for 1 h. Adjusting the pH of the solution>And 12, heating to 80 ℃, slowly dropwise adding 0.2mol/L excessive sodium borohydride solution, and keeping for 2 hours. Then continuously stirring for 3h at room temperature, filtering, washing, and blast drying at 60 ℃ to obtain Pt-Pd-Cu-Ac2O3a/C catalyst.
Example 12: comparative preparation example
0.6g of Vulcan XC-72 activated carbon is taken and added into a mixed solution of ultrapure water and isopropanol (volume ratio is 2:1) for ultrasonic dispersion for 0.5 h. Then, 10.25mL of H is added dropwise in sequence2PtCl6(0.1mol/L) solution, 9.4mL of PdCl2(0.1mol/L) solution and 15.74mL of CuCl2(0.1mol/L) solution and 20mg sodium citrate, and stirred for 1 h. Adjusting the pH of the solution>And 12, heating to 80 ℃, slowly dropwise adding 0.2mol/L excessive sodium borohydride solution, and keeping for 2 hours. And then, continuously stirring for 3 hours at room temperature, carrying out suction filtration and washing, and carrying out forced air drying at 60 ℃ to obtain the Pt-Pd-Cu/C catalyst.
Example 13: preparation examples
0.6g of Vulcan XC-72 carbon powder and 0.1g of PaO are taken2Powder, 10.25mL of H2PtCl6(0.1mol/L) solution and 17.04mL of NiSO4(0.1mol/L) solution is mixed and added into 80mL deionized water, ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 30min to lead the solution to be dispersed evenly, then under stirring, 1mol/L NaOH solution is used for adjusting the pH value to 8-9, and excessive NaBH of 2.0mg/mL is slowly added4The solution was stirred for 3 h. Washing with ultrapure water until no Cl is formed-Then, vacuum drying is carried out for 4h at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain Pt-Ni-PaO2a/C catalyst.
Example 14: preparation examples
0.6g of Vulcan XC-72 carbon powder and 0.1g of PaO are taken2The powder is added into a 250mL beaker together with 80mL of ethylene glycol, ultrasonically shaken for 2H, and 10.25mL of H is added dropwise2PtCl6(0.1mol/L) solution and 16.97mL of CoCl2(0.1mol/L) solution, then adding 21mL formic acid, stirring at room temperature for 30min, placing in a microwave oven, heating for 20s, stopping heating for 10s, repeating for 5 times, heating for 10s, stopping heating for 10s, repeating for 5 times, cooling, filtering, and vacuum drying to obtain Pt-Co-PaO2a/C catalyst.
Example 15: preparation examples
0.6g of Vulcan XC-72 carbon powder and 0.1g of PaO are taken2Adding the powder into 0.7mol HCOOH aqueous solution, ultrasonic treating for 30min, heating the obtained suspension to 80 deg.C, and stirring to obtain 10.25mL H2PtCl6(0.1mol/L) solution and 9.4mL of PdCl2(0.1mol/L) solution was added dropwise to the suspension. Stirring was continued at 80 ℃ for 2h to ensure complete reduction of Pd and Pt. After cooling, the mixture is washed with ultrapure water by suction filtration for a plurality of times until no Cl is formed-Until now. Finally, the obtained catalyst is placed in a 60 ℃ oven for vacuum drying to obtain Pt-Pd-PaO2a/C catalyst.
Example 16: preparation examples
Taking 0.6g Vulcan XC-72 active carbon and 0.1g PaO2Powder, 10.25mL of H2PtCl6(0.1mol/L) solution, 5.08mL of HAuCl4(0.1mol/L) solution and 17.04mL of NiSO4(0.1mol/L) of the solution was mixed and added to 80mL of ultrapure water, and the resulting suspension was sonicated for 1 hour. 200mL of Ethylene Glycol (EG) solution was added, and after 1 hour of sonication, the resulting solution was heated to 90 ℃ in a water bath with constant stirring for 4 hours. Cooling to room temperature, filtering, washing the obtained catalyst with mixed solution of distilled water and ethanol for several times, and vacuum drying at 60 ℃ to obtain Pt-Au-Ni-PaO2a/C catalyst.
Example 17: preparation examples
0.6g of brown yellow graphene oxide and 0.1g of PaO are taken2Adding the powder into 50mL deionized water, ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, and transferring 10.25mL H by using a liquid transfer gun2PtCl6(0.1mol/L) solution, 17.04mL of NiSO4(0.1mol/L) solution and 15.74mL of CuCl2(0.1mol/L) solution is mixed and added into the graphene oxide solution, the mixture is stirred for 10min and then is moved into a double-neck flask, 9.5mL deionized water is added,at 0 ℃ N2After being mixed evenly in the atmosphere, 5mL7.72mmol/L KBH is injected rapidly by an injector4The solution changes color from brown yellow to black, and continues to be at 0 ℃ and N2Stirring for 30min under gas atmosphere to make it fully react, finally filtering, washing, drying and grinding to obtain Pt-Ni-Cu-PaO2a/C catalyst.
Example 18: preparation examples
Taking 0.6g Vulcan XC-72 active carbon and 0.1g PaO2Adding the powder into a mixed solution of ultrapure water and isopropanol (volume ratio of 2:1), and ultrasonically dispersing for 0.5 h. Then, 10.25mL of H is added dropwise in sequence2PtCl6(0.1mol/L) solution, 9.4mL of PdCl2(0.1mol/L) solution and 15.74mL of CuCl2(0.1mol/L) solution and 20mg sodium citrate, and stirred for 1 h. Adjusting the pH of the solution>And 12, heating to 80 ℃, slowly dropwise adding 0.2mol/L excessive sodium borohydride solution, and keeping for 2 hours. Then continuously stirring for 3h at room temperature, filtering, washing, and blast drying at 60 ℃ to obtain Pt-Pd-Cu-PaO2a/C catalyst.
Example 19: stability test examples
The stability of the catalysts obtained in examples 1 to 18 was determined separately by the following specific method: and testing the I-t curve of the catalyst by using an electrochemical workstation three-electrode system, and judging the stability of the catalyst according to the I-t curve, wherein a glassy carbon electrode coated with the catalyst in a dripping mode is used as a working electrode, a saturated calomel electrode is used as a reference electrode, and a platinum wire electrode is used as a counter electrode. The solution to be tested is 0.5mol/L C2H5OH+0.5mol/L H2SO4High purity nitrogen was passed through the solution for 15 minutes prior to testing to eliminate oxygen interference. The test potentials of all catalysts were unified to 0.6V and the test time was 1000 s. The results are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 catalyst stability test results
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations. The foregoing examples or embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, which may be embodied in other specific forms or in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The described embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be indicated by the appended claims, and any changes that are equivalent to the intent and scope of the claims should be construed to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A platinum-based catalyst comprising an actinide element or compound, characterized in that: the platinum-based catalyst comprises a catalytic active substance and a catalytic auxiliary substance, wherein the catalytic active substance comprises platinum metal, the catalytic auxiliary substance comprises a cocatalyst, and the cocatalyst comprises one or more of simple substances or compounds of actinide or protactinium.
2. The platinum-based catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the catalytic active substance to the catalytic auxiliary substance is 1: 0.01-10.
3. The platinum-based catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the catalytic active substance to the cocatalyst is 1: 0.0001-1.
4. The platinum-based catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: the catalyst promoter also comprises one or more of simple substances or oxides of gold, silver, cobalt, nickel, palladium, ruthenium, tin, bismuth, copper, iron, iridium, manganese, molybdenum, rhodium, tungsten and zinc.
5. The platinum-based catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: the catalytic auxiliary substance also comprises a catalyst carrier which is selected from one or more of active carbon, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, graphene, silicon dioxide and zeolite.
6. The platinum-based catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: the compound is an inorganic compound or an organic compound.
7. The platinum-based catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: the compound is an oxide.
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