CN118013648B - Design scheme optimization method and system based on ship simulation model - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design scheme optimization method and a system based on a ship simulation model, which relate to the technical field of ship design, and the design scheme optimization method based on the ship simulation model comprises the following steps: obtaining accurate ship design parameters; constructing a ship three-dimensional digital model; obtaining an optimized ship three-dimensional digital model; establishing a physical simulation model; optimizing the ship design by utilizing an optimization algorithm to obtain a ship design scheme; an assessment of design feasibility was obtained. The invention can reduce the time and cost of the design by using the computer aided design and the simulation technology, test different design schemes, find the optimal design, and optimize the performance of the ship by using the simulation model and the optimization algorithm, thereby helping the designer to better understand and optimize the design of the ship, improving the quality and efficiency of the design, further improving the performance of the ship, improving the reliability of the design and providing decision support.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ship design, in particular to a design scheme optimization method and system based on a ship simulation model.
Background
Because of the rapid development of computer technology, computer aided design and scientific computer visualization have been widely applied to the field of ship design, and development of simulation technology has become an important means for researching ship motion in waves, and virtual simulation analysis of ship hydrodynamic performance is an important aspect of current ship research. While the ship is sailing at sea, the forces of the external environment are complex and random, and the development of simulation techniques has increased, now becoming an important means of studying the movements of the ship in the waves.
A ship simulation model is a mathematical model or computer model for modeling and predicting ship behavior and performance. It can simulate the behavior of a ship under various conditions, such as sailing, berthing, refuge, loading and unloading cargo, etc. The main physical properties and dynamic behaviour of the vessel will generally be considered and described in detail in these models, which may have different complexities, depending on their application. For example, some models may consider the behavior of a ship in one or two dimensions only, while more complex models may consider the behavior of a ship in a real three-dimensional environment, including its behavior in six degrees of freedom motions such as surging, rolling, and pitching.
However, in the course of the design of the existing ship simulation model, a designer cannot easily predict and evaluate the behavior of the ship under various environments and working conditions through the simulation model, thereby reducing the reliability of the design, increasing the risk in the operation of the ship, and not easily and accurately understand the behavior and performance of the ship under various working conditions, not easily helping the designer find and solve the problems in the design, reducing the precision and quality of the design, and simultaneously, the designer cannot easily obtain objective assessment about the feasibility of the design through the simulation model, cannot provide powerful support for the decision of the design, and increases the uncertainty and risk of the decision.
For the problems in the related art, no effective solution has been proposed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a design scheme optimizing method and system based on a ship simulation model, which solve the problems that in the process of providing the design scheme of the existing ship simulation model in the prior art, a designer is inconvenient to predict and evaluate the behavior of the ship under various environments and working conditions through the simulation model, so that the reliability of the design is reduced, the risk in the running of the ship is increased, the behavior and the performance of the ship under various working conditions are inconvenient to accurately understand, the designer is inconvenient to find and solve the problems in the design, the precision and the quality of the design are reduced, and meanwhile, the designer is inconvenient to obtain objective assessment about the feasibility of the design scheme through the simulation model, powerful support can not be provided for design decisions, and the uncertainty and the risk of the decision are increased.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a design optimization method based on a ship simulation model, the design optimization method based on the ship simulation model comprising the steps of:
S1, acquiring relevant parameters of ship design, and preprocessing to obtain accurate ship design parameters;
s2, constructing a ship three-dimensional digital model according to the obtained accurate ship design parameters by utilizing a computer aided design technology;
S3, performing structural optimization and collision detection in the constructed ship three-dimensional digital model, checking whether the ship body structure accords with preset use conditions, and obtaining an optimized ship three-dimensional digital model;
S4, importing the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model into simulation software, and establishing a physical simulation model according to the working conditions and environment of the ship;
s5, performing simulation tests on various working conditions of the ship in the established physical simulation model, and optimizing the ship design by utilizing an optimization algorithm according to the simulation test results to obtain a ship design scheme;
And S6, analyzing the obtained ship design scheme through an analysis algorithm to obtain the feasibility evaluation of the design scheme.
Further, obtaining relevant parameters of the ship design, and preprocessing, wherein obtaining accurate ship design parameters comprises the following steps:
s11, acquiring repeated data, missing values and abnormal values of related parameters of the ship design, and denoising, filtering and smoothing the repeated data, the missing values and the abnormal values;
S12, connecting unprocessed data in related parameters to generate a new data table, and associating different data tables through external key values to generate a complete data table and obtain an accurate data set;
S13, determining external key relations among different data sets, connecting data rows in different data tables with each other according to requirements, creating a new data table, and associating through preset external key values;
S14, connecting the data tables to be joined together through the JOIN operators in the SQL sentences, and ensuring that the integrity constraint of the data is satisfied when the joining is carried out;
And S15, after the connection is completed, inserting test data to check whether the connection result is correct, so as to ensure that the connection result can be correctly identified and correlated, and obtaining accurate ship design parameters.
Further, performing structural optimization and collision detection in the constructed ship three-dimensional digital model, checking whether the ship structure accords with preset use conditions, and obtaining the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model comprises the following steps:
s31, loading tools for structure optimization and collision detection in a computer aided design technology;
S32, carrying out finite element analysis on the three-dimensional digital model of the ship according to accurate ship design parameters, and checking whether the ship structure meets preset use conditions;
S33, if the finite element analysis result shows that the hull structure does not meet the preset use condition, a structure optimization tool is used for optimizing the ship three-dimensional digital model;
s34, after optimization is completed, carrying out finite element analysis again, checking whether the hull structure meets preset use conditions again, and repeating the steps S33 to S34 until the hull structure meets the preset conditions;
and S35, checking the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model by using a collision detection tool, and if the detection result meets the preset condition, storing and exporting the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model to obtain the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model.
Further, if the finite element analysis result shows that the hull structure does not meet the preset use condition, optimizing the ship three-dimensional digital model by using the structure optimization tool comprises the following steps:
s331, running a preliminary optimization algorithm in a structure optimization tool;
s332, determining the size of a design variable set according to the ship structure scale to be optimized, and randomly selecting a group of preliminary designs in the design variable set;
S333, randomly adjusting design variables for each group of design parameters, and updating each group of design parameters;
S334, evaluating the performance of each group of designed ship body by using a finite element analysis tool, and calculating the performance fitness by comparing the designed performance with the gap of preset use conditions;
S335, evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of each group of designs according to the calculated performance fitness;
S336, finding out the design with optimal performance, and recording the performance fitness of the design and corresponding design parameters;
s337, adjusting other design parameters in the direction of the optimal design parameters;
s338, repeating the steps S333 to S336, continuously optimizing the design parameters, and terminating the optimization process when the optimization of the design parameters meets the preset use conditions.
Further, the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model is imported into simulation software, and a physical simulation model is built according to the working conditions and environment of the ship, and the method comprises the following steps:
s41, importing the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model into simulation software;
s42, setting corresponding physical environment parameters according to the working conditions and the environment of the ship;
S43, establishing a physical simulation model in simulation software based on the imported ship three-dimensional digital model and the set physical environment parameters;
S44, setting boundary conditions and initial conditions of a physical simulation model according to the working conditions and environment of the ship;
S45, after the physical environment parameters, the boundary conditions and the initial conditions are set, running simulation, and observing the behavior and performance of the ship under the set working conditions and environments;
s46, analyzing the simulation result and comparing the simulation result with actual observation data to verify the accuracy of the simulation model;
And S47, if the comparison result does not meet the expectation, returning to the step S41 to re-optimize the three-dimensional digital model of the ship.
Further, performing simulation tests of various working conditions on the ship in the established physical simulation model, and optimizing the ship design by using an optimization algorithm according to the simulation test results to obtain a ship design scheme, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
S51, in the established physical simulation model, performing simulation tests of various working conditions on the ship;
S52, collecting results of simulation tests, and analyzing performance data of the ship under various working conditions to understand performance characteristics and existing problems of the ship;
S53, defining an optimization target and constraint conditions according to simulation test results and the use requirements of the ship;
s54, searching an optimal solution in a set of ship design parameters by utilizing an optimization algorithm so as to meet an optimization target and constraint conditions, and generating a preliminary ship design scheme;
S55, performing simulation test on the obtained preliminary ship design scheme, analyzing performance data of the ship under various working conditions, and verifying whether the optimized result meets preset use conditions and performance requirements;
and S56, if the preliminary ship design scheme does not meet the preset use condition and performance requirement, returning to the step S54, adjusting the design parameters, and re-optimizing, and if the preliminary ship design scheme meets the preset use condition and performance requirement, taking the preliminary ship design scheme as a final ship design scheme.
Further, searching an optimal solution in a set of ship design parameters by using an optimization algorithm to meet an optimization target and constraints, and generating a preliminary ship design scheme comprises the following steps:
s551, initializing an optimization algorithm, and setting initial ship design parameters;
s552, repeating the steps S553 to S556 according to the set initial ship design parameters;
s553, randomly disturbing the initial ship design parameters to generate new ship design parameters;
S554, calculating a difference value between the fitness value of the new ship design parameter and the fitness value of the original ship design parameter;
S555, if the fitness value of the new ship design parameter is higher than that of the initial ship design parameter, the new ship design parameter is accepted as the new initial ship design parameter, otherwise, the acceptance probability of the new ship design parameter is calculated according to an acceptance criterion;
s556, if the acceptance probability is larger than the random number, accepting the new ship design parameters as new initial ship design parameters, otherwise, reserving the initial ship design parameters;
S557, if the set termination condition is met, outputting the initial ship design parameters as the optimal ship design parameters, otherwise, returning to the step S552 after attenuating the ship design parameters through an attenuation function;
S558, repeating the steps S553 to S557 until the optimal ship design parameters are found, and generating a preliminary ship design scheme.
Further, the formula of the attenuation function is:
；
wherein m s is the ship design parameter at the nth step;
m 0 is denoted as the initial vessel design parameter.
Further, the analysis algorithm is used for analyzing the obtained ship design scheme, and the evaluation of the feasibility of the obtained ship design scheme comprises the following steps:
s61, processing an original parameter matrix of the obtained ship design scheme by adopting a range transformation method, and calculating to obtain a normalized value of each parameter;
s62, endowing the normalized parameter matrix with corresponding weight according to the importance of each parameter;
s63, finding out that ideal optimal values of all parameters form an ideal scheme and ideal worst values of all parameters form a non-ideal scheme through the weighted parameter matrix;
s64, for each ship design scheme, gray correlation coefficients of the ship design scheme, the ideal scheme and the non-ideal scheme are calculated;
s65, calculating gray correlation degree of each ship design scheme based on the obtained gray correlation coefficient;
S66, constructing a relative closeness index through the gray correlation degree obtained through calculation, and evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of each design scheme;
S67, sorting all ship design schemes according to the calculated relative closeness, and guiding and selecting the optimal ship design scheme by the sorting result.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a design optimization system based on a ship simulation model, the design optimization system based on the ship simulation model including:
The acquisition data and processing module is used for acquiring relevant parameters of ship design and preprocessing the relevant parameters to obtain accurate ship design parameters;
the three-dimensional digital model construction module is used for constructing a three-dimensional digital model of the ship by utilizing a computer aided design technology according to the obtained accurate ship design parameters;
The structure optimization and collision detection module is used for carrying out structure optimization and collision detection in the constructed ship three-dimensional digital model, checking whether the ship body structure accords with preset use conditions, and obtaining an optimized ship three-dimensional digital model;
the simulation model construction module is used for importing the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model into simulation software and establishing a physical simulation model according to the working conditions and environment of the ship;
The design evaluation and optimization module is used for performing simulation tests of various working conditions on the ship in the established physical simulation model, and optimizing the ship design by utilizing an optimization algorithm according to the simulation test results to obtain a ship design scheme;
the scheme analysis module is used for analyzing the obtained ship design scheme through an analysis algorithm to obtain the feasibility evaluation of the design scheme;
The system comprises an acquisition data and processing module, a three-dimensional digital model building module, a structural optimization and collision detection module, a simulation model building module, a design evaluation and optimization module and a scheme analysis module.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. The invention can reduce the time and cost of design by using the computer aided design and simulation technology, quickly test different design schemes, find the optimal design, and optimize the performance of the ship by using the simulation model and the optimization algorithm, thereby helping the designer to better understand and optimize the design of the ship, improving the quality and efficiency of the design, further improving the performance of the ship, improving the reliability of the design and providing decision support.
2. The invention enables a designer to find and solve the problems in design at an early stage by using the finite element analysis and collision detection tool, thereby enhancing the safety and reliability of the ship, and enables the designer to automatically optimize the design by using the structure optimization tool, thereby saving a great amount of manual optimization time, improving the design efficiency, and further helping the designer to complete the design of the ship more effectively, safely and with higher quality.
3. According to the invention, through the physical simulation model, the performance of the ship under various working conditions can be simulated and tested at the initial stage of design, so that the performance of the ship can be predicted more accurately, the number of design modification and test times is reduced, and through an optimization algorithm, the optimal design parameters meeting preset use conditions and performance requirements can be found, so that the obtained design scheme can meet the preset use conditions and performance requirements, and the reliability of the design is enhanced.
4. The invention can eliminate the influence caused by the dimension and numerical value difference among the parameters through the standardization processing and the weight giving of the parameters, so that the evaluation result is more accurate, the quality of each design scheme can be quantitatively evaluated by adopting gray correlation analysis, the scientificity of the evaluation is improved, and meanwhile, the quality of each design scheme can be intuitively seen through calculating the relative closeness of each design scheme, so that decision support is provided for selecting the optimal design scheme.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a design optimization method based on a ship simulation model in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a design optimization system based on a ship simulation model in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure:
1. acquiring data and a processing module; 2. a three-dimensional digital model building module; 3. the structure optimization and collision detection module; 4. the simulation model building module; 5. designing an evaluation and optimization module; 6. and a scheme analysis module.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a design scheme optimization method and system based on a ship simulation model are provided.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, as shown in fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the invention, a design optimization method based on a ship simulation model includes the following steps:
S1, acquiring relevant parameters of ship design, and preprocessing to obtain accurate ship design parameters;
In particular, the relevant parameters include physical and structural parameters (including the size of the vessel, displacement, hull material, hull shape, etc.), performance parameters (including the speed, load carrying capacity, stability, maneuvering characteristics, etc.), power system parameters (including the type of engine, power, fuel efficiency, emission standards, etc.), safety and environmental parameters (such as life saving equipment, fire protection systems, and environmental impact, such as emission standards, noise levels, etc.), and economic parameters (including the cost of construction, operation, maintenance, etc. of the vessel), etc.
S2, constructing a ship three-dimensional digital model according to the obtained accurate ship design parameters by utilizing a Computer Aided Design (CAD) technology;
specifically, proper CAD software is selected, corresponding setting is carried out according to design requirements, then the preprocessed accurate ship design parameters are imported into the CAD software, a basic geometric framework of the ship is constructed in the CAD software by using the imported parameters, the basic geometric framework comprises main dimensions of a ship body, specific shapes and structures of the ship body, such as decks, cabins, external linetypes of the ship body and the like, structural layout in the ship is designed, such as compartments, cabins, power systems and the like, various components of the ship, such as propulsion systems, control systems, living areas and the like, are designed, the components are integrated into a model, all two-dimensional figures are converted into a three-dimensional model, and various simulation tests, such as hydrodynamic analysis, structural analysis and the like, are carried out on the three-dimensional model.
S3, performing structural optimization and collision detection in the constructed ship three-dimensional digital model, checking whether the ship body structure accords with preset use conditions, and obtaining an optimized ship three-dimensional digital model;
S4, importing the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model into simulation software, and establishing a physical simulation model according to the working conditions and environment of the ship;
s5, performing simulation tests on various working conditions of the ship in the established physical simulation model, and optimizing the ship design by utilizing an optimization algorithm according to the simulation test results to obtain a ship design scheme;
And S6, analyzing the obtained ship design scheme through an analysis algorithm to obtain the feasibility evaluation of the design scheme.
Preferably, acquiring relevant parameters of the ship design, and preprocessing, the obtaining accurate ship design parameters includes the following steps:
s11, acquiring repeated data, missing values and abnormal values of related parameters of the ship design, and denoising, filtering and smoothing the repeated data, the missing values and the abnormal values;
S12, connecting unprocessed data in related parameters to generate a new data table, and associating different data tables through external key values to generate a complete data table and obtain an accurate data set;
S13, determining external key relations among different data sets, connecting data rows in different data tables with each other according to requirements, creating a new data table, and associating through preset external key values;
S14, connecting the data tables to be joined together through the JOIN operators in the SQL sentences, and ensuring that the integrity constraint of the data is satisfied when the joining is carried out;
And S15, after the connection is completed, inserting test data to check whether the connection result is correct, so as to ensure that the connection result can be correctly identified and correlated, and obtaining accurate ship design parameters.
Preferably, the structural optimization and collision detection are performed in the constructed three-dimensional digital model of the ship, and whether the ship structure meets the preset use condition is checked, and the optimized three-dimensional digital model of the ship is obtained, which comprises the following steps:
s31, loading tools for structure optimization and collision detection in a computer aided design technology;
Specifically, the structural optimization tool is a special software tool, which is used for structural optimization steps in an automatic design process, and the main purpose of the tool is to find an optimal structural design scheme on the basis of meeting various performance and constraint conditions (such as strength, rigidity, stability, durability and the like), so that the material use is reduced, the weight is reduced, the efficiency is improved or the cost is reduced as much as possible while the performance is ensured.
In particular, the collision detection tool is a tool used in Computer Aided Design (CAD) or Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software to check and prevent physical collisions between components in the design. The tool is able to predict and avoid possible collisions by modeling and analyzing the relative positions and motion paths of the various components during movement or assembly.
S32, carrying out finite element analysis on the three-dimensional digital model of the ship according to accurate ship design parameters, and checking whether the ship structure meets preset use conditions;
In particular, finite element analysis (FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS, FEA) is a computer simulation process used to predict how a product or physical entity responds under given conditions. Analysis allows complex engineering problems to be solved using standard mathematical methods by decomposing large complex structures into small blocks (i.e. "finite elements"), each element having a simple shape.
S33, if the finite element analysis result shows that the hull structure does not meet the preset use condition, a structure optimization tool is used for optimizing the ship three-dimensional digital model;
Specifically, the preset use condition refers to a condition that is already set at the time of design and manufacture of the ship and is expected to be satisfied in actual operation.
Specifically, the usage conditions include performance conditions, environmental conditions, security conditions, operation conditions, and the like.
S34, after optimization is completed, carrying out finite element analysis again, checking whether the hull structure meets preset use conditions again, and repeating the steps S33 to S34 until the hull structure meets the preset conditions;
and S35, checking the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model by using a collision detection tool, and if the detection result meets the preset condition, storing and exporting the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model to obtain the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model.
Preferably, if the finite element analysis result shows that the hull structure does not meet the preset use condition, optimizing the three-dimensional digital model of the ship by using the structure optimization tool comprises the following steps:
s331, running a preliminary optimization algorithm in a structure optimization tool;
S332, determining the size of a design variable set (namely, the size of a drosophila population) according to the ship structure scale required to be optimized, and randomly selecting a group of preliminary designs in the design variable set (namely, initializing the drosophila population);
S333, randomly adjusting design variables (namely, fruit fly individual random search) for each group of design parameters (namely, fruit fly individual position), and updating each group of design parameters (namely, fruit fly individual position update);
s334, evaluating the performances (such as stress, deformation and the like) of each group of designed ship bodies by using a finite element analysis tool, and calculating the performance fitness (namely, the individual taste concentration judgment value of the drosophila) by comparing the differences between the designed performances and preset use conditions;
S335, evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of each group of designs (namely evaluating the fitness of individual drosophila) according to the calculated performance fitness;
S336, finding out the design with optimal performance (namely, the optimal individual of the drosophila), and recording the performance fitness of the design and corresponding design parameters;
s337, adjusting other design parameters in the direction of the optimal design parameters (namely updating the individual position of the drosophila);
s338, repeating the steps S333 to S336, continuously optimizing the design parameters, and terminating the optimization process when the optimization of the design parameters meets the preset use conditions.
Specifically, the preliminary optimization algorithm is a drosophila optimization algorithm (FOA), which is a new global optimization evolutionary algorithm derived from the evolution of foraging behaviors of drosophila, drosophila has the characteristics of smell and vision superior to other species, drosophila groups effectively collect various smells floating in the air through smell and approach to the direction of food, then the positions of the food and the companion are distinguished by using sharp vision, the positions with high taste concentration of the food are polymerized, and then the food is searched by flying out along random directions by using the smell, so that the circulation is performed until the food is found.
Preferably, the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model is imported into simulation software, and the physical simulation model is built according to the working condition and environment of the ship, and comprises the following steps:
s41, importing the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model into simulation software;
In particular, simulation software includes Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software (e.g., ANSYS, ABAQUS, COMSOL, etc., which may be used to analyze the performance of the vessel structure, such as stress, deformation, and fatigue), computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software (e.g., FLUENT, STAR-ccm+, openFOAM, etc., which may be used to simulate and analyze the flow properties of the vessel in water, such as drag, swell, fluid-structure interactions, etc.), vessel design and performance assessment software (e.g., maxsurf, NAPA, DNV GL SESAM, etc., which may be used to design vessels, assess the performance of the vessel, such as stability, wave resistance, manipulability, etc.), and multiple physical field simulation software (e.g., answorkband, which may be used to simultaneously handle the simulation and analysis of multiple physical fields, such as to simultaneously account for the effects of fluid dynamics and structural mechanics), etc.
S42, setting corresponding physical environment parameters according to the working conditions and the environment of the ship;
in particular, the physical environmental parameters include the hydrographic conditions (e.g., sea surface wind speed, wind direction, wave height, wavelength, wave direction, flow rate, flow direction, tide, air temperature, etc.), the marine environment (e.g., sea water density, viscosity, salinity, temperature, etc., which affect the buoyancy and drag of the vessel), the navigational area characteristics (e.g., water depth, channel size, ice conditions present, seafloor topography, etc.), the vessel operating conditions (e.g., cargo type of the vessel, cargo distribution, operating frequency, berthing frequency, etc.), etc.
S43, establishing a physical simulation model in simulation software based on the imported ship three-dimensional digital model and the set physical environment parameters;
specifically, in simulation software, a physical simulation model refers to a calculation model created by simulation software and used for simulating actual physical phenomena. The model predicts and analyzes the behavior of the physical system under various operating conditions and environments based on real world laws of physics, such as newton's law of motion, thermodynamic laws, fluid dynamics equations, and the like.
S44, setting boundary conditions and initial conditions of a physical simulation model according to the working conditions and environment of the ship;
In particular, the operating conditions and environments include sea conditions (e.g., wave height, period, direction, etc.), the speed of the vessel, loading conditions, and expected weather conditions, among others, for a particular course.
Specifically, the boundary conditions include fluid flow boundary conditions (e.g., distribution of flow velocity around the hull, pressure, etc.), structural boundary conditions (e.g., fixed points or allowable range of motion at the connection of the hull to the vessel structure), thermal boundary conditions (e.g., heat flow or temperature distribution at the vessel surface), etc.
Specifically, the initial conditions include an initial velocity profile of the hull and fluid, an initial pressure field, a profile of a temperature field, etc., and an initial load state of the vessel (e.g., an initial weight of cargo, fuel, and other materials).
S45, after the physical environment parameters, the boundary conditions and the initial conditions are set, running simulation, and observing the behavior and performance of the ship under the set working conditions and environments;
s46, analyzing the simulation result and comparing the simulation result with actual observation data to verify the accuracy of the simulation model;
And S47, if the comparison result does not meet the expectation, returning to the step S41 to re-optimize the three-dimensional digital model of the ship.
Preferably, the simulation test of various working conditions is carried out on the ship in the established physical simulation model, and the ship design is optimized by utilizing an optimization algorithm according to the simulation test result, so that the ship design scheme comprises the following steps:
S51, in the established physical simulation model, performing simulation tests of various working conditions on the ship;
S52, collecting results of simulation tests, and analyzing performance data of the ship under various working conditions to understand performance characteristics and existing problems of the ship;
S53, defining an optimization target and constraint conditions according to simulation test results and the use requirements of the ship;
Specifically, the optimization objectives include improving the speed of the ship, reducing drag, improving stability, improving fuel efficiency, and the like.
Specifically, the constraint conditions include ship size, load capacity, safety regulations, environmental protection requirements and the like.
S54, searching an optimal solution in a set of ship design parameters by utilizing an optimization algorithm so as to meet an optimization target and constraint conditions, and generating a preliminary ship design scheme;
S55, performing simulation test on the obtained preliminary ship design scheme, analyzing performance data of the ship under various working conditions, and verifying whether the optimized result meets preset use conditions and performance requirements;
and S56, if the preliminary ship design scheme does not meet the preset use condition and performance requirement, returning to the step S54, adjusting the design parameters, and re-optimizing, and if the preliminary ship design scheme meets the preset use condition and performance requirement, taking the preliminary ship design scheme as a final ship design scheme.
Preferably, searching for an optimal solution in the set of vessel design parameters using an optimization algorithm to meet optimization objectives and constraints, and generating a preliminary vessel design solution comprises the steps of:
s551, initializing an optimization algorithm, and setting initial ship design parameters (such as the size of a ship, power system configuration and the like);
s552, repeating the steps S553 to S556 according to the set initial ship design parameters;
s553, randomly disturbing the initial ship design parameters to generate new ship design parameters;
S554, calculating the difference between the adaptability value (such as transportation efficiency, fuel consumption and the like) of the new ship design parameter and the adaptability value of the initial ship design parameter;
S555, if the fitness value of the new ship design parameter is higher than that of the initial ship design parameter, the new ship design parameter is accepted as the new initial ship design parameter, otherwise, the acceptance probability of the new ship design parameter is calculated according to an acceptance criterion;
Specifically, the acceptance criterion, i.e., the Metropolis rule, is an acceptance-rejection criterion used in Monte Carlo simulation, the basic idea of which is: accepting the new state if the new state has lower energy (or higher probability) than the current state; otherwise, the new state is accepted with a probability that is a negative index of the energy difference (or probability ratio) of the new state compared to the current state.
S556, if the acceptance probability is larger than the random number, accepting the new ship design parameters as new initial ship design parameters, otherwise, reserving the initial ship design parameters;
S557, if the set termination condition is met, outputting the initial ship design parameters as the optimal ship design parameters, otherwise, returning to the step S552 after attenuating the ship design parameters through an attenuation function;
S558, repeating the steps S553 to S557 until the optimal ship design parameters are found, and generating a preliminary ship design scheme.
Specifically, the optimization algorithm is a simulated annealing algorithm, which is a heuristic optimization algorithm, and the objective function value is gradually optimized through a cooling process in the simulated solid annealing process. The fitness value for each design is calculated based on the performance metrics (e.g., speed, drag, stability, and fuel efficiency) and design constraints (e.g., vessel size, load capacity, safety regulations, and environmental requirements) for each parameter combination. The scheme with high performance index and meeting design constraint has larger adaptability value. And the simulated annealing algorithm searches for a design parameter combination with the maximum fitness value in a design parameter space, and generates a preliminary ship design scheme.
Preferably, the formula for attenuation of the attenuation function is:
；
wherein m s is the ship design parameter at the nth step;
m 0 is denoted as the initial vessel design parameter.
Preferably, the analysis of the obtained ship design by the analysis algorithm, the evaluation of the feasibility of the obtained ship design comprises the following steps:
s61, processing an original parameter matrix of the obtained ship design scheme by adopting a range transformation method, and calculating to obtain a normalized value of each parameter;
Specifically, normalized parameter value= (original parameter value-minimum value in all schemes of the parameter)/(maximum value in all schemes of the parameter-minimum value in all schemes of the parameter).
Specifically, the range transformation method, also known as range scaling or normalization, is a statistical method used to transform raw data of different magnitudes or dimensions to the same scale to facilitate comparison and analysis between the different data.
S62, endowing the normalized parameter matrix with corresponding weight according to the importance of each parameter;
specifically, assigning a corresponding weight means that a weight value is set for each target or parameter to indicate its relative importance in the optimization process. The weight value is typically between 0 and 1, and the sum of all weights is 1. For example, in marine design, if fuel efficiency is considered the most important goal, it is weighted higher than other goals (such as speed or stability).
S63, finding out an ideal optimal value (parameter value most suitable for ship design) of each parameter to form an ideal scheme (marked as positive solution) and an ideal worst value (parameter value most unsuitable for ship design) of each parameter to form a non-ideal scheme (marked as negative solution) through the weighted parameter matrix;
specifically, the weighted parameter value=the corresponding weight×the normalized parameter value.
S64, for each ship design scheme, gray correlation coefficients of the ship design scheme, the ideal scheme and the non-ideal scheme are calculated;
specifically, the ideal scheme and the non-ideal scheme are respectively used as reference sequences for gray correlation analysis. An ideal scenario is one where all targets or parameters are optimal, while a non-ideal scenario is one where all targets or parameters are worst.
Specifically, calculating the gray correlation coefficients of the ideal scheme and the non-ideal scheme includes determining a reference sequence and a comparison sequence (the comparison sequence is a ship design scheme, the reference sequence has two comparison sequences, one is an ideal scheme, the other is a non-ideal scheme), calculating absolute differences (for each comparison sequence, absolute differences of corresponding elements of the ideal scheme and the non-ideal scheme are calculated respectively), calculating the gray correlation coefficients (for each comparison sequence, the gray correlation coefficients of the ideal scheme and the non-ideal scheme are calculated respectively by using a formula of correlation coefficients= (minimum difference value+resolution coefficient x maximum difference value)/(current difference value+resolution coefficient x maximum difference value), wherein the correlation coefficients represent gray correlation degrees between the comparison sequence and the reference sequence, the minimum difference value represents the minimum value of the absolute differences between the comparison sequence and the reference sequence, the maximum value of the absolute differences between the comparison sequence and the reference sequence, the difference value represents a specific absolute difference between the comparison sequence and the reference sequence, and the resolution coefficient is a coefficient between 0 and 1, and the influence of the difference value is 0.5.
S65, calculating gray correlation degree of each ship design scheme based on the obtained gray correlation coefficient;
S66, constructing a relative closeness index through the gray correlation degree obtained through calculation, and evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of each design scheme;
Specifically, relative closeness=positive association of design solution/(positive association+negative association).
S67, sorting all ship design schemes according to the calculated relative closeness, and guiding and selecting the optimal ship design scheme by the sorting result.
Specifically, the analysis algorithm is a TOP-SIS algorithm based on grey correlation degree, is a decision analysis algorithm combining grey correlation analysis and a TOPSIS method, and the grey correlation analysis is an analysis method for processing incomplete information and is used for system analysis of small samples and the incomplete information. The similarity among the factors is determined by calculating the gray correlation degree among the factors, and the TOPSIS method is a multi-attribute decision analysis method. It evaluates and orders the individual decision schemes according to their distance from the ideal and negative ideal schemes, i.e. the scheme closest to the ideal and furthest from the negative ideal scheme is considered optimal.
Specifically, the TOPSIS algorithm based on gray correlation combines the advantages of both methods. The method comprises the steps of firstly calculating the association degree of each scheme with an ideal scheme and a negative ideal scheme by using grey association analysis, and then sequencing each scheme according to the association degree by using a TOPSIS method.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, there is also provided a design optimization system based on a ship simulation model, the design optimization system based on the ship simulation model including:
The acquisition data and processing module 1 is used for acquiring relevant parameters of ship design and preprocessing the relevant parameters to obtain accurate ship design parameters;
the three-dimensional digital model construction module 2 is used for constructing a three-dimensional digital model of the ship according to the obtained accurate ship design parameters by utilizing a computer aided design technology;
The structure optimization and collision detection module 3 is used for carrying out structure optimization and collision detection in the constructed ship three-dimensional digital model, checking whether the ship body structure accords with preset use conditions, and obtaining an optimized ship three-dimensional digital model;
The simulation model construction module 4 is used for importing the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model into simulation software and establishing a physical simulation model according to the working conditions and environment of the ship;
The design evaluation and optimization module 5 is used for performing simulation tests on various working conditions on the ship in the established physical simulation model, and optimizing the ship design by utilizing an optimization algorithm according to the simulation test results to obtain a ship design scheme;
the scheme analysis module 6 is used for analyzing the obtained ship design scheme through an analysis algorithm to obtain the evaluation of the feasibility of the design scheme;
The acquisition data and processing module 1 is connected with the structural optimization and collision detection module 3 through the three-dimensional digital model building module 2, the structural optimization and collision detection module 3 is connected with the design evaluation and optimization module 5 through the simulation model building module 4, and the design evaluation and optimization module 5 is connected with the scheme analysis module 6.
In summary, by means of the technical scheme, the design method and the design system have the advantages that the problems in design can be found and solved in an early stage by using the finite element analysis and collision detection tool, so that the safety and reliability of the ship are enhanced, the design can be automatically optimized by the designer through the use of the structural optimization tool, a great amount of manual optimization time is saved, the design efficiency is improved, and the designer can be helped to finish the design of the ship more effectively, safely and with higher quality. According to the invention, through the physical simulation model, the performance of the ship under various working conditions can be simulated and tested at the initial stage of design, so that the performance of the ship can be predicted more accurately, the number of design modification and test times is reduced, and through an optimization algorithm, the optimal design parameters meeting preset use conditions and performance requirements can be found, so that the obtained design scheme can meet the preset use conditions and performance requirements, and the reliability of the design is enhanced. The invention can eliminate the influence caused by the dimension and numerical value difference among the parameters through the standardization processing and the weight giving of the parameters, so that the evaluation result is more accurate, the quality of each design scheme can be quantitatively evaluated by adopting gray correlation analysis, the scientificity of the evaluation is improved, and meanwhile, the quality of each design scheme can be intuitively seen through calculating the relative closeness of each design scheme, so that decision support is provided for selecting the optimal design scheme.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The design scheme optimization method based on the ship simulation model is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
S1, acquiring relevant parameters of ship design, and preprocessing to obtain accurate ship design parameters;
s2, constructing a ship three-dimensional digital model according to the obtained accurate ship design parameters by utilizing a computer aided design technology;
S3, performing structural optimization and collision detection in the constructed ship three-dimensional digital model, checking whether the ship body structure accords with preset use conditions, and obtaining an optimized ship three-dimensional digital model;
S4, importing the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model into simulation software, and establishing a physical simulation model according to the working conditions and environment of the ship;
s5, performing simulation tests on various working conditions of the ship in the established physical simulation model, and optimizing the ship design by utilizing an optimization algorithm according to the simulation test results to obtain a ship design scheme;
S6, analyzing the obtained ship design scheme through an analysis algorithm to obtain the feasibility assessment of the design scheme;
The method for carrying out structural optimization and collision detection in the constructed ship three-dimensional digital model, checking whether the ship body structure accords with preset use conditions, and obtaining the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model comprises the following steps:
s31, loading tools for structure optimization and collision detection in a computer aided design technology;
S32, carrying out finite element analysis on the three-dimensional digital model of the ship according to accurate ship design parameters, and checking whether the ship structure meets preset use conditions;
S33, if the finite element analysis result shows that the hull structure does not meet the preset use condition, a structure optimization tool is used for optimizing the ship three-dimensional digital model;
s34, after optimization is completed, carrying out finite element analysis again, checking whether the hull structure meets preset use conditions again, and repeating the steps S33 to S34 until the hull structure meets the preset conditions;
s35, checking the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model by using a collision detection tool, and if the detection result meets the preset condition, storing and exporting the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model to obtain the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model;
the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model is imported into simulation software, and a physical simulation model is established according to the working conditions and environment of the ship, and comprises the following steps:
s41, importing the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model into simulation software;
s42, setting corresponding physical environment parameters according to the working conditions and the environment of the ship;
S43, establishing a physical simulation model in simulation software based on the imported ship three-dimensional digital model and the set physical environment parameters;
S44, setting boundary conditions and initial conditions of a physical simulation model according to the working conditions and environment of the ship;
S45, after the physical environment parameters, the boundary conditions and the initial conditions are set, running simulation, and observing the behavior and performance of the ship under the set working conditions and environments;
s46, analyzing the simulation result and comparing the simulation result with actual observation data to verify the accuracy of the simulation model;
s47, if the comparison result does not meet the expectation, returning to the step S41 to re-optimize the three-dimensional digital model of the ship;
The analysis algorithm is used for analyzing the obtained ship design scheme, and the evaluation of the feasibility of the ship design scheme comprises the following steps:
s61, processing an original parameter matrix of the obtained ship design scheme by adopting a range transformation method, and calculating to obtain a normalized value of each parameter;
s62, endowing the normalized parameter matrix with corresponding weight according to the importance of each parameter;
s63, finding out that ideal optimal values of all parameters form an ideal scheme and ideal worst values of all parameters form a non-ideal scheme through the weighted parameter matrix;
s64, for each ship design scheme, gray correlation coefficients of the ship design scheme, the ideal scheme and the non-ideal scheme are calculated;
s65, calculating gray correlation degree of each ship design scheme based on the obtained gray correlation coefficient;
S66, constructing a relative closeness index through the gray correlation degree obtained through calculation, and evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of each design scheme;
S67, sorting all ship design schemes according to the calculated relative closeness, and guiding and selecting the optimal ship design scheme by the sorting result.
2. The method for optimizing design scheme based on ship simulation model according to claim 1, wherein the steps of obtaining the related parameters of ship design, and preprocessing to obtain the accurate ship design parameters comprise the following steps:
s11, acquiring repeated data, missing values and abnormal values of related parameters of the ship design, and denoising, filtering and smoothing the repeated data, the missing values and the abnormal values;
S12, connecting unprocessed data in related parameters to generate a new data table, and associating different data tables through external key values to generate a complete data table and obtain an accurate data set;
S13, determining external key relations among different data sets, connecting data rows in different data tables with each other according to requirements, creating a new data table, and associating through preset external key values;
S14, connecting the data tables to be joined together through the JOIN operators in the SQL sentences, and ensuring that the integrity constraint of the data is satisfied when the joining is carried out;
And S15, after the connection is completed, inserting test data to check whether the connection result is correct, so as to ensure that the connection result can be correctly identified and correlated, and obtaining accurate ship design parameters.
3. The method for optimizing design scheme based on ship simulation model according to claim 1, wherein if the finite element analysis result shows that the hull structure does not meet the preset use condition, optimizing the ship three-dimensional digital model by using the structure optimization tool comprises the following steps:
s331, running a preliminary optimization algorithm in a structure optimization tool;
s332, determining the size of a design variable set according to the ship structure scale to be optimized, and randomly selecting a group of preliminary designs in the design variable set;
S333, randomly adjusting design variables for each group of design parameters, and updating each group of design parameters;
S334, evaluating the performance of each group of designed ship body by using a finite element analysis tool, and calculating the performance fitness by comparing the designed performance with the gap of preset use conditions;
S335, evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of each group of designs according to the calculated performance fitness;
S336, finding out the design with optimal performance, and recording the performance fitness of the design and corresponding design parameters;
s337, adjusting other design parameters in the direction of the optimal design parameters;
s338, repeating the steps S333 to S336, continuously optimizing the design parameters, and terminating the optimization process when the optimization of the design parameters meets the preset use conditions.
4. The method for optimizing design scheme based on ship simulation model according to claim 1, wherein the performing simulation test of various working conditions on the ship in the established physical simulation model, and optimizing the ship design by using an optimization algorithm according to the simulation test result, to obtain the ship design scheme comprises the following steps:
S51, in the established physical simulation model, performing simulation tests of various working conditions on the ship;
S52, collecting results of simulation tests, and analyzing performance data of the ship under various working conditions to understand performance characteristics and existing problems of the ship;
S53, defining an optimization target and constraint conditions according to simulation test results and the use requirements of the ship;
s54, searching an optimal solution in a set of ship design parameters by utilizing an optimization algorithm so as to meet an optimization target and constraint conditions, and generating a preliminary ship design scheme;
S55, performing simulation test on the obtained preliminary ship design scheme, analyzing performance data of the ship under various working conditions, and verifying whether the optimized result meets preset use conditions and performance requirements;
and S56, if the preliminary ship design scheme does not meet the preset use condition and performance requirement, returning to the step S54, adjusting the design parameters, and re-optimizing, and if the preliminary ship design scheme meets the preset use condition and performance requirement, taking the preliminary ship design scheme as a final ship design scheme.
5. The method for optimizing design solutions based on a ship simulation model according to claim 4, wherein the searching for an optimal solution in a set of ship design parameters by using an optimization algorithm to satisfy optimization targets and constraints, and generating a preliminary ship design solution comprises the steps of:
s551, initializing an optimization algorithm, and setting initial ship design parameters;
s552, repeating the steps S553 to S556 according to the set initial ship design parameters;
s553, randomly disturbing the initial ship design parameters to generate new ship design parameters;
S554, calculating a difference value between the fitness value of the new ship design parameter and the fitness value of the original ship design parameter;
S555, if the fitness value of the new ship design parameter is higher than that of the initial ship design parameter, the new ship design parameter is accepted as the new initial ship design parameter, otherwise, the acceptance probability of the new ship design parameter is calculated according to an acceptance criterion;
s556, if the acceptance probability is larger than the random number, accepting the new ship design parameters as new initial ship design parameters, otherwise, reserving the initial ship design parameters;
S557, if the set termination condition is met, outputting the initial ship design parameters as the optimal ship design parameters, otherwise, returning to the step S552 after attenuating the ship design parameters through an attenuation function;
S558, repeating the steps S553 to S557 until the optimal ship design parameters are found, and generating a preliminary ship design scheme.
6. The method for optimizing design solutions based on a ship simulation model according to claim 5, wherein the formula of attenuation of the attenuation function is:
；
wherein m s is the ship design parameter at the nth step;
m 0 is denoted as the initial vessel design parameter.
7. A design optimization system based on a ship simulation model for implementing the design optimization method based on a ship simulation model according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the design optimization system based on a ship simulation model comprises:
The acquisition data and processing module is used for acquiring relevant parameters of ship design and preprocessing the relevant parameters to obtain accurate ship design parameters;
the three-dimensional digital model construction module is used for constructing a three-dimensional digital model of the ship by utilizing a computer aided design technology according to the obtained accurate ship design parameters;
The structure optimization and collision detection module is used for carrying out structure optimization and collision detection in the constructed ship three-dimensional digital model, checking whether the ship body structure accords with preset use conditions, and obtaining an optimized ship three-dimensional digital model;
the simulation model construction module is used for importing the optimized ship three-dimensional digital model into simulation software and establishing a physical simulation model according to the working conditions and environment of the ship;
The design evaluation and optimization module is used for performing simulation tests of various working conditions on the ship in the established physical simulation model, and optimizing the ship design by utilizing an optimization algorithm according to the simulation test results to obtain a ship design scheme;
the scheme analysis module is used for analyzing the obtained ship design scheme through an analysis algorithm to obtain the feasibility evaluation of the design scheme;
The system comprises an acquisition data and processing module, a three-dimensional digital model building module, a structural optimization and collision detection module, a simulation model building module, a design evaluation and optimization module and a scheme analysis module.
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