CN118008589A - 一种甲醇与氨重整气掺烧的发动机系统 - Google Patents

一种甲醇与氨重整气掺烧的发动机系统 Download PDF

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CN118008589A
CN118008589A CN202410184325.3A CN202410184325A CN118008589A CN 118008589 A CN118008589 A CN 118008589A CN 202410184325 A CN202410184325 A CN 202410184325A CN 118008589 A CN118008589 A CN 118008589A
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ammonia
methanol
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reformed gas
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孟相宇
祝文超
秦美超
刘丽子
张轩睿
苗梦澜
毕明树
隆武强
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Dalian University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明属于内燃机技术领域，公开了一种甲醇与氨重整气掺烧的发动机系统，包括氨储罐、氨加热器、氨喷油器、氨重整器、尾气加热管、氨重整气泵、氨重整气喷油器、点火装置、甲醇喷油器、甲醇储罐、甲醇高压共轨、电控单元ECU和尾气排空管。本发明利用废气余热催化重整氨，不仅可以回收废气的余热能量，而且还能制备氢气，从而高效利用氨燃料；通过将含有氨气、氢气、氮气的重整气直接喷入发动机的进气道内，形成重整气/空气的预混合气；甲醇燃料通过缸内直喷喷射与重整气混合燃烧。根据发动机的负荷需求、氨催化重整率、重整量等条件来灵活调节甲醇和重整气的喷射量，从而实现发动机在各个工况下的高效清洁燃烧。

Description

一种甲醇与氨重整气掺烧的发动机系统
技术领域
本发明属于内燃机技术领域，涉及一种甲醇与氨重整气掺烧的发动机系统。
背景技术
自工业革命以来，大气中温室气体的浓度显著增加，使得气候问题已成为各国当前及未来面临的严峻挑战。
氨(NH3)作为一种无碳燃料及高效的氢载体，受到了广泛的关注。目前，氨的储存和运输已相对成熟。然而，将氨作为发动机燃料使用时面临着两大挑战：燃烧速率过慢和氮氧化物的排放过高。由于甲醇具有较高的辛烷值和较快的火焰速度，作为碳中性燃料也备受关注。
氨的重整是一个吸热过程，通常能生成25％氮气和75％氢气的混合器。在温度高于350℃时，可实现超过99％的氨重整率。利用高温废气，可以实现氨的在线重整。氨重整产生的氢气可以显著提高氨的燃烧速率，且随着氨重整率的提高，部分重整气的层流燃烧速度增加。在氨重整率为40％时，混合物的层流燃烧速度与相同条件下甲烷/空气混合物的层流燃烧速度相接近。此外，氨重整还可以显著扩大稀燃极限。
氨燃料的燃烧过程中产生的燃料型的氮氧化物排放量过高。通过氨的重整制氢，可以避免氨燃料的直接燃烧，从而减少燃料型氮氧化物的产生。然而，在发动机在线重整过程中，由于尾气温度以及重整量的限制，难以直接满足发动机高负荷的需求。
在无法直接满足发动机高负荷的需求情况下，考虑将甲醇与氨重整气混合燃烧，能够有效解决全工况下燃料高效燃烧问题。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种甲醇与氨重整气掺烧的发动机系统，将氨作为氢载体便于使用和运输，利用发动机尾气废气余热催化重整氨以供应氢气；此外，根据发动机的具体工况调节甲醇和氨重整气的喷射量，以改善各工况下的热效率和排放性能，提供一种内燃机的低碳能源替代方案。
本发明的技术方案：
一种甲醇与氨重整气掺烧的发动机系统，包括甲醇储罐、甲醇泵、甲醇控制阀、甲醇高压共轨、甲醇高压共轨阀、甲醇直喷进气管、甲醇喷油器、发动机、点火装置、发动机排气管、废气管、氨储罐、氨泵、氨控制阀、压力传感器、氨加热器、氨输送管、氨喷油器、温度传感器、氨重整器、氨重整气输送管、氨重整气泵、氨重整气控制阀、氨重整气喷油器、发动机进气管、废气排空管和电控单元ECU。
甲醇储罐依次通过甲醇泵、甲醇控制阀、甲醇高压共轨加压后，将甲醇通过甲醇直喷进气管喷入发动机缸内；氨储罐依次通过氨泵、氨控制阀和氨加热器，将液氨转变为气态后，经氨输送管喷入氨重整器；氨重整器的出口依次通过重整气泵和重整气喷油管连通，氨重整气经加压后直喷到发动机进气道内；发动机排气总管依次通过氨重整器的废气入口、废气出口、加热器入口和驱动气体出口相连接；发动机排气管将尾气余热回收至氨重整器。
电控单元ECU与甲醇控制阀、压力传感器相连，通过压力传感器反馈调整甲醇的进口流量；此外，电控单元ECU与氨溶液控制阀、压力传感器以及氨重整器上的温度传感器相连，综合压力传感器和温度传感器反馈调整氨的进口流量；ECU电控单元还能根据发动机的具体工况控制两个喷油器的喷油量灵活来优化燃烧过程。
氨重整器利用发动机排放的热量重整氨制备氢气，氨重整气经过氨重整气泵加压后通过氨重整气喷油器喷入发动机内；电控单元ECU根据具体工况条件确定甲醇和重整气的喷射量。
根据发动机负荷需求、氨催化重整率、重整量来调节甲醇和重整气的喷射量，实现发动机在各个工况下的高效清洁燃烧。
当氨重整率较高时，根据工况情况调配重整气和甲醇比例；当氨重整率较低时，则以甲醇为主燃料，少量使用重整气，以避免直接燃用重整气里的氨气所产生的高NOx排放。
本发明的有益效果：
1、本发明有效地结合了甲醇和氨重整气的掺烧技术，利用废气余热提高了燃烧效率。
2、氨作为氢气的载体，相较于直接运输氢气更为安全与方便，并根据发动机对氢气的需求实现在线制氢。
3、重整氨后产生的氢气燃烧速度快，有利于扩展稀燃极限，并降低燃料型NOx排放。
4、系统通过优化的控制策略灵活调节甲醇和重整气燃料喷射量，适应不同的运行工况。燃烧过程中的低排放特性，有助于减少环境污染。
附图说明
图1为本发明的系统整体结构示意图；
图中：1-甲醇储罐；2-甲醇泵；3-甲醇控制阀；4-甲醇高压共轨；5-甲醇高压共轨阀；6-甲醇直喷进气管；7-甲醇喷油器；8-发动机；9-点火装置；10-发动机排气管；11-废气管；12-氨储罐；13-氨泵；14-氨控制阀；15-压力传感器；16-氨加热器；17-氨输送管；18-氨喷油器；19-温度传感器；20-氨重整器；21-氨重整气输送管；22-氨重整气泵；23-氨重整气控制阀；24-氨重整气喷油器；25-发动机进气管；26-废气排空管；27-电控单元ECU。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和技术方案，进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
结合图1对使用的甲醇与氨重整气掺烧发动机系统组件之间的相对位置、连接关系及其工作原理进行说明：
如图1所示，给出了本发明所提出的利用发动机废气余热在线重整氨制氢的甲醇与氨重整气掺烧的发动机系统的一个实施例的具体结构。
所述系统包括：甲醇储罐1、甲醇泵2、甲醇控制阀3、甲醇高压共轨4、甲醇高压共轨阀5、甲醇直喷进气管6、甲醇喷油器7、发动机8、点火装置9、发动机排气管10、废气管11、氨储罐12、氨泵13、氨控制阀14、压力传感器15、氨加热器16、氨输送管17、氨喷油器18、温度传感器19、氨重整器20、氨重整气输送管21、氨重整气泵22、氨重整气控制阀23、氨重整气喷油器24、发动机进气管25、废气排空管26、电控单元ECU27。
所述的发动机8的上方设有甲醇喷油器7；甲醇喷油器7通过甲醇直喷进气管6与甲醇高压共轨4连通；甲醇高压共轨4另一端通过甲醇输送管与甲醇储罐1相连；甲醇输送管上配有甲醇泵2与甲醇控制阀3；甲醇高压共轨4上安装甲醇高压共轨阀5；发动机8的上方还设置发动机进气管25；氨重整气输送管21通过氨重整气泵22、氨重整气控制阀23和氨重整气喷油器24与发动机进气管25连通；所述氨重整器20通过发动机废气余热催化重整氨为富氢混合气体；所述氨重整器20分别与发动机排气入口、氨重整气出口、氨入口和发动机废气出口相连；所述发动机排气管10与发动机排气入口连通；所述氨重整气出口与氨重整气输送管21连通；所述氨加热器16通过氨喷油器18与氨重整器20的氨入口连通，并通过废气管11与发动机废气出口连通；所述氨加热器16具有废气管11、氨出口、氨溶液入口和废气排空管26四个通路；所述氨储罐12依次通过氨泵13、氨控制阀14和压力传感器15与氨加热器16的氨溶液入口连通；所述氨重整器20设置温度传感器19；所述尾气排空管26通过废气管11与发动机排气管10相连；
所述甲醇控制阀3、甲醇高压共轨阀5、氨重整气控制阀23、氨控制阀14、压力传感器15、氨重整气喷油器24、甲醇喷油器7、点火装置9、氨喷油器18和温度传感器19分别与电控单元ECU27相连接。
所述氨重整器20利用发动机排放的热量来重整氨制备氢气，氨重整气经过氨重整气泵22加压后，通过氨重整气喷油器24输送至发动机，所述电控单元ECU27根据具体工况条件控制甲醇喷油器7和氨喷油器18来调整甲醇和氨气，所述电控单元ECU27同时根据重整气的需求量反馈氨泵13、氨控制阀14与压力传感器15调节从氨储罐12到氨加热器16的氨的流量。
本发明的控制原理如下：
当发动机运行时，所述发动机的排气经过发动机排气管10流向氨重整器20，继而流向氨加热器16；在此过程中，将部分热量分别传递给氨重整器20和氨加热器16，最后经废气排空管26排向大气中。
所述电控单元ECU27接收来自温度传感器19的信号，当氨重整器20的温度达到氨重整反应所需温度条件时，开启氨泵13的电源与氨控制阀14，将氨储罐12内的氨溶液输送至氨加热器16，压力传感器15用于检测氨溶液输送流量；所述电控单元ECU27开启氨喷油器18按照初始预设输送流量送至氨重整器20内；所述氨重整器20将氨催化重整为富氢含量的重整气，并通过连接到氨重整器20的重整气出口管道输送至氨重整气输送管21，氨重整气输送管21配置有氨重整气泵22、氨重整气控制阀23以增压和控制氨重整气，最终通过氨重整气喷油器24喷入发动机进气管25。
所述电控单元ECU27根据来自甲醇高压共轨阀5的信号开启甲醇喷油器7和氨重整气喷油器24，以便根据发动机不同工况条件来精确控制甲醇和氨重整气的供给量；随着氨重整气经过发动机进气管25进入发动机燃烧室中，其与甲醇气体混合作为发动机燃料；所述电控单元ECU27根据重整气需求量的反馈与压力传感器15的信号控制氨控制阀14，从而调整氨泵13向氨加热器16输送的氨流量。同时，所述电控单元ECU27还根据重整气需求量调整氨喷油器18，以控制的氨加热器16到氨重整器20的氨气流量。

Claims (4)

1.一种甲醇与氨重整气掺烧的发动机系统，其特征在于，该甲醇与氨重整气掺烧的发动机系统包括甲醇储罐(1)、甲醇泵(2)、甲醇控制阀(3)、甲醇高压共轨(4)、甲醇高压共轨阀(5)、甲醇直喷进气管(6)、甲醇喷油器(7)、发动机(8)、点火装置(9)、发动机排气管(10)、废气管(11)、氨储罐(12)、氨泵(13)、氨控制阀(14)、压力传感器(15)、氨加热器(16)、氨输送管(17)、氨喷油器(18)、温度传感器(19)、氨重整器(20)、氨重整气输送管(21)、氨重整气泵(22)、氨重整气控制阀(23)、氨重整气喷油器(24)、发动机进气管(25)、废气排空管(26)和电控单元ECU(27)；
发动机(8)的上方设有甲醇喷油器(7)；甲醇喷油器(7)通过甲醇直喷进气管(6)与甲醇高压共轨(4)连通；甲醇高压共轨(4)另一端通过甲醇输送管与甲醇储罐(1)相连；甲醇输送管上配有甲醇泵(2)与甲醇控制阀(3)；甲醇高压共轨(4)上安装甲醇高压共轨阀(5)；发动机(8)的上方还设置发动机进气管(25)；氨重整气输送管(21)依次通过氨重整气泵(22)、氨重整气控制阀(23)、氨重整气喷油器(24)与发动机进气管(25)连通；氨重整器(20)分别与发动机排气入口、氨重整气出口、氨入口和发动机废气出口相连；发动机排气管(10)与发动机排气入口连通；氨重整气出口与氨重整气输送管(21)连通；氨加热器(16)通过氨输送管(17)、氨喷油器(18)与氨重整器(20)的氨入口连通；氨加热器(16)通过废气管(11)与发动机废气出口连通；氨加热器(16)具有废气管(11)、氨出口、氨溶液入口和废气排空管(26)四个通路；氨储罐(12)依次通过氨泵(13)、氨控制阀(14)、压力传感器(15)与氨加热器(16)的氨溶液入口连通；氨重整器(20)设置温度传感器(19)；尾气排空管26通过废气管(11)与发动机排气管(10)相连；
甲醇控制阀(3)、甲醇高压共轨阀(5)、氨重整气控制阀(23)、氨控制阀(14)、压力传感器(15)、氨重整气喷油器(24)、甲醇喷油器(7)、点火装置(9)、氨喷油器(18)和温度传感器(19)分别与电控单元ECU(27)相连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的甲醇与氨重整气掺烧的发动机系统，其特征在于，所述氨重整器(20)利用发动机排放的热量重整氨制备氢气，氨重整气经过氨重整气泵(22)加压后通过氨重整气喷油器(24)喷入发动机(8)内；电控单元ECU(27)根据具体工况条件确定甲醇和重整气的喷射量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的甲醇与氨重整气掺烧的发动机系统，其特征在于，根据发动机负荷需求、氨催化重整率、重整量来调节甲醇和重整气的喷射量，实现发动机在各个工况下的高效清洁燃烧。
4.根据权利要求1所述的甲醇与氨重整气掺烧的发动机系统，其特征在于，当氨重整率较高时，根据工况情况调配重整气和甲醇比例；当氨重整率较低时，则以甲醇为主燃料，少量使用重整气，以避免直接燃用重整气里的氨气所产生的高NOx排放。
CN202410184325.3A 2024-02-19 2024-02-19 一种甲醇与氨重整气掺烧的发动机系统 Pending CN118008589A (zh)

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