CN118004346A - Floating type offshore wind power generation platform and design and operation control method thereof - Google Patents
Floating type offshore wind power generation platform and design and operation control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN118004346A CN118004346A CN202410101321.4A CN202410101321A CN118004346A CN 118004346 A CN118004346 A CN 118004346A CN 202410101321 A CN202410101321 A CN 202410101321A CN 118004346 A CN118004346 A CN 118004346A
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- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
- B63B43/02—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking
- B63B43/04—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
- B63B43/02—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking
- B63B43/04—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability
- B63B43/08—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability by transfer of solid ballast
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H75/00—Storing webs, tapes, or filamentary material, e.g. on reels
- B65H75/02—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks
- B65H75/34—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks specially adapted or mounted for storing and repeatedly paying-out and re-storing lengths of material provided for particular purposes, e.g. anchored hoses, power cables
- B65H75/38—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks specially adapted or mounted for storing and repeatedly paying-out and re-storing lengths of material provided for particular purposes, e.g. anchored hoses, power cables involving the use of a core or former internal to, and supporting, a stored package of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H75/00—Storing webs, tapes, or filamentary material, e.g. on reels
- B65H75/02—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks
- B65H75/34—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks specially adapted or mounted for storing and repeatedly paying-out and re-storing lengths of material provided for particular purposes, e.g. anchored hoses, power cables
- B65H75/38—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks specially adapted or mounted for storing and repeatedly paying-out and re-storing lengths of material provided for particular purposes, e.g. anchored hoses, power cables involving the use of a core or former internal to, and supporting, a stored package of material
- B65H75/44—Constructional details
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
- F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
- B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
- B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a floating offshore wind power generation platform and a design and operation control method thereof, comprising a platform main body and wind power generators arranged on the platform main body, wherein the platform main body is connected with a preset anchor point of a seabed through a plurality of mooring cables, the platform main body comprises a plurality of pontoons distributed along the circumferential direction, the pontoons are mutually connected and fixed through a truss structure, the wind power generators are fixedly connected on one pontoon, and an adjusting part for adjusting the gravity center of the platform is arranged on the platform main body. The platform can adjust the gravity center and the net weight of the platform, the net weight of the counterweight unit and the extreme thrust of the wind driven generator, the maximum allowable inclination angle, the platform floating center, the gravity center and other design parameters meet a certain mathematical relationship, and the parameters such as aerodynamic load of the wind driven generator, tower foundation bending moment, platform inclination angle, movement speed and the like are measured according to the sensor and transmitted to the control system, so that the stability of the platform is regulated and controlled, and the running stability of the floating platform and the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind driven generator are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of offshore wind power generation, in particular to a floating offshore wind power generation platform and a design and operation control method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with rapid development of world economy, new energy sources such as wind energy, tidal energy, solar energy as renewable energy sources and clean energy sources are gradually known to the public, and the new energy sources are gradually put into the production and life of the society. Because the traditional energy sources such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and other non-renewable energy sources generate a large amount of carbon dioxide isothermal chamber gas in the processing and manufacturing process and cause pollution to natural environment to different degrees, the development of novel energy sources has become an essential important part in social development. Wind energy is one of novel energy sources, has great development potential, is mainly divided into land wind energy and sea wind energy at present according to different working environments, and has higher availability because sea wind is limited by no environmental factors and is free from barriers compared with land wind. At present, the research center of gravity of wind energy is gradually changed from onshore wind energy to offshore wind energy, and an offshore wind power generator is taken as an offshore wind energy conversion device, and the development of the offshore wind power generator is a necessary trend.
The problems faced by the development of the offshore wind driven generator are more complex than those of the land wind driven generator, and the design of the platform is more important as the working foundation of the offshore wind driven generator, and the working efficiency of the wind driven generator is directly influenced by the reliability of the platform. Since offshore wind energy resources are usually abundant at locations further off the shore (about 37 km to 90 km), where the water depth is usually large (about 60 km or so), it is extremely difficult and not economically viable to build a stationary platform base, which necessitates investigation of floating offshore wind power platforms.
The main floating offshore wind power generation platform at present mainly comprises a first column type platform, a tension leg platform (TLP's) and a semi-submersible type platform, and various platforms have advantages and disadvantages. The first upright post type platform has deeper draft and stronger water-resistant dynamic response performance, but the horizontal plane area is smaller, and the stability is slightly poorer than that of other platforms; tension leg platforms (TLP's) are directly connected with the seabed through equipment such as cables, the stability is good, the problem of gravity center adjustment of the platforms is not needed to be considered, but the problem of tension force balance of connecting equipment is needed to be considered, and the establishment and installation cost of a mooring system is high; the semi-submersible platform has proper draft and stable performance, but the overall size is slightly larger than that of other platforms, and the installation process is complex and the cost is higher.
In order to solve various problems of the existing platform, such as stability of the floating platform, the first upright post is generally subjected to structural reinforcement, so that stability performance design is enhanced.
Chinese patent CN114056497a discloses a first column type platform, which adopts the scheme that: the multi-surface cylindrical cabin comprises at least 5 cylindrical cabins and/or multi-surface cylindrical cabins, wherein the cylindrical cabins and/or multi-surface cylindrical cabins enclose a ring-shaped structure, two adjacent cylindrical cabins and/or multi-surface cylindrical cabins are connected through an isolation cavity, and the tops of the cylindrical cabins and/or multi-surface cylindrical cabins are of closed structures.
Chinese patent CN113266527a discloses a floating offshore wind power, which is provided with the following scheme: the floating offshore wind power comprises a fan unit, a tower, a supporting structure and a mooring structure; the fan unit is connected to the top of the supporting structure through a tower, and the mooring structure is connected to the bottom of the supporting structure; the supporting structure is of a tetragonal framework structure, one side surface of the supporting structure is provided with an opening, and the opening is arranged at the downwind position; the other three sides of the supporting structure are correspondingly provided with culture cavities.
However, the center of gravity of the platform in the two schemes is fixed, however, various extreme weather often occurs on the sea surface, at this time, the floating center of the whole platform can be changed due to sea surface fluctuation, and the platform can shake greatly along with the change of the floating center of the platform due to the fact that the center of gravity is unchanged, so that the operation of equipment on the platform can be influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems at present, the main purpose of the invention is to provide a floating type offshore wind power generation platform, which can adjust the gravity center of the platform so as to reduce the shaking amplitude of the platform along with wind waves and improve the operation stability of the platform.
In order to achieve the technical characteristics, the aim of the invention is realized in the following way: the floating type offshore wind power generation platform comprises a platform main body and a wind driven generator arranged on the platform main body, wherein the platform main body is connected with a preset anchor point of a seabed through a plurality of mooring cables, and an adjusting part for adjusting the gravity center of the platform is arranged on the platform main body; the platform main body comprises a plurality of pontoons distributed along the circumferential direction, the pontoons are connected and fixed with each other through a truss structure, and the wind driven generator is fixedly connected to one pontoon; the adjusting part comprises a balancing weight, the balancing weight is suspended below the truss structure through a plurality of high-strength ropes, a plurality of connection points formed by the high-strength ropes and the truss structure are distributed at intervals around the circumferential direction, and a retractor for respectively winding and unwinding the ropes is arranged on the truss structure.
Preferably, the truss structure comprises a plurality of crossbars fixedly connected between two adjacent pontoons; a plurality of diagonal braces are fixedly connected between a plurality of cross bars of two adjacent pontoons.
Preferably, the retractor comprises a driving part, a rope guiding sliding block and a rope head clamping block, wherein the rope head clamping block is fixedly arranged in the cross rod, the rope head clamping block is fixedly connected with the end part of the rope far away from the balancing weight, the rope guiding sliding block is in sliding connection with the cross rod along the length direction of the cross rod, a rope guiding hole for the rope to pass through is formed in the rope guiding sliding block, and the driving part is arranged on the cross rod and used for driving the rope guiding sliding block to slide; the retractors can work independently or cooperatively, so that the vertical and horizontal positions of the balancing weights are adjusted.
Preferably, the driving part comprises a chain, a chain wheel and a motor, wherein the chain wheel is respectively arranged at two ends of the cross rod in a rotating way, the chain is wound on the chain wheel, the motor is fixedly arranged on the cross rod, the output end of the motor is in transmission connection with the chain wheel, the chain is fixedly connected with the rope guide sliding block, and one end of the motor is connected with the platform control system and used for transmitting control signals and the actual position and speed of the rope guide sliding block; according to the control instruction, the motor can control the rotation angle and speed of the chain wheel so as to adjust the position and the movement speed of the rope guide slide block; the rope guide sliding block can freely slide in a certain range.
Preferably, the pontoon comprises a stand column and a supporting seat which are mutually fixedly connected, the stand column and the supporting seat are of hollow iron cylinder structures, the stand column and the supporting seat are provided with first water filling ports, and the first water filling ports are provided with first water pumps for pumping or discharging water;
And the external diameter of stand is less than the external diameter of supporting seat, the height of stand is greater than the height of supporting seat, through upper portion's horizontal pole fixed connection between two adjacent stands, through lower part's horizontal pole fixed connection between two adjacent supporting seats, platform main part central point puts the fretwork.
Preferably, the balancing weight is of a hollow iron ball structure, a second water filling port is formed in the balancing weight, and a second water pump for pumping or discharging water is arranged at the second water filling port.
Simultaneously, the design method of the floating type offshore wind power generation platform is provided, the platform is in a balanced state in a still water state, the stress is balanced, and the applied moment is balanced; the gravity and the gravity center of the platform main body, the gravity and the tower length of the wind driven generator, the net gravity and the gravity center of the counterweight, the design wind wave load and the platform design dip angle parameters meet the following relations:
Wherein G WT is the gravity of the wind driven generator; f Aero Limit of and F Wave Limit of are limit design wind load and wave load, respectively; h is the length of the tower; z WT is the distance between the tower foundation and the sea level; c 55 is the static water recovery rigidity of the platform; θ Max is the maximum allowable inclination angle of the platform during operation; l is the horizontal distance between the gravity center of the counterweight and the gravity center of the platform; x G is the horizontal distance between the gravity center of the counterweight and the gravity center of the platform; x B is the horizontal distance between the center of buoyancy and the center of gravity of the platform; g Net weight of is the net weight of the counterweight, i.e., the difference between gravity and buoyancy; f B is the buoyancy force exerted on the platform; f Aero and F Wave are wind load and wave load, respectively; z G is the distance between the center of gravity of the counterweight and sea level.
Preferably, the ballast water can be completely discharged by the counterweight block during transportation and installation through the second water pump, and after the ballast water is towed to a service position through the towing device, the ballast water is filled to a designed water level through the second water pump;
Platform control system monitors platform overturning motion acceleration at ith moment in real time through sensor The horizontal coordinate x q,i of the gravity center of the balancing weight and the real-time net weight G q,i of the balancing weight are used for adjusting and controlling the horizontal coordinate x q,i+1 and the net weight G q,i+1 of the balancing weight at the (i+1) th moment through the retractor and the second water pump, and the adjusting mode meets the following formula:
Wherein, I yy and I add are respectively the moment of inertia and the additional mass of the platform; x G0 is the horizontal coordinate of the gravity center of the platform; x q,max is the horizontal coordinate of the maximum allowable movement position of the balancing weight, and the value of the coordinate is half of the distance between the gravity center of the platform and the upright post;
The control system monitors the vertical position z q,i, the motion acceleration a q,i, the net weight G q,i and the platform overturning motion acceleration of the gravity center of the balancing weight in real time through the sensor According to the vertical coordinate z q,i+1 of the retractor to the (i+1) moment of the balancing weight, the adjusting mode meets the following formula:
Wherein g is gravitational acceleration.
Meanwhile, the operation control method of the floating type offshore wind power generation platform is provided:
The power generation platform is installed in a modularized mode, all mechanism components are assembled in a wharf area at first, the initially installed components are assembled uniformly, a pretightening force is applied to a rope to fix the position of a gravity center adjusting part, and then the installed platform is transported to a working place by using a transport ship;
When the platform is transported to a working place, each module of the platform is required to be installed and debugged, a platform mooring system is firstly constructed, anchor points are firstly installed and connected with mooring cables, the platform mooring system adopts a tensioning mooring system, resonance phenomenon in waves is avoided through the mooring system, and motion response in the waves is reduced;
after the platform is moored, preparing work for normal operation of the wind driven generator is started, the winding device controls the rope to be wound and unwound, the pontoon and the balancing weight sink into the sea, and meanwhile, the water injection quantity of the inner cavity is gradually increased along with the sinking depth lifting of the pontoon and the balancing weight, so that the whole gravity center of the platform continuously sinks;
Wherein, because one pontoon is provided with a wind driven generator, the ballast provided by the side is obviously larger than that provided by the other two sides, the water injection quantity of the pontoon at the side is always smaller than that of the pontoons at the other two sides; meanwhile, the lifting height and the inner cavity water injection quantity of the balancing weight are adjusted according to the offshore wind direction load and the hydrodynamic load, when the aerodynamic load and the hydrodynamic load are changed, the signal receiving device can sense, collect and process corresponding information, the information is transmitted to the control system through the signal amplifier, the control system outputs a command to the motor and the water pump, and then the lifting height and the inner cavity water injection quantity of the balancing weight are controlled.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. through setting up flotation pontoon and truss structure, make platform main part simple structure, working property is stable, provides reliable work basis for aerogenerator, and has simplified the installation to a certain extent, has reduced the economic cost of platform installation, maintenance. During the use, through the regulation portion on the regulation platform main part, reach the purpose of adjustment focus to make the focus of platform and centre of buoyancy corresponding, also can remove the direction of focus position to the wind, with the resistance to wind-force that improves, the whole focus of platform can be regulated and control dynamically, effectively reduced the oscillation response of platform, improve the anti-capsizing ability of platform, make the platform can keep stable in extreme weather, in order to satisfy the normal work of platform under different operating conditions, improve the stability of platform work.
2. Through adopting above-mentioned regulation portion, the reeler can receive and release each rope respectively, makes the balancing weight can realize different direction removal, effectively changes the focus of platform, improves the focus regulation and control reliability of regulation portion.
3. Through adopting above-mentioned structure, make truss structure connect stably, improve the connection reliability between the flotation pontoon. Meanwhile, the structural strength of the truss structure is further increased, and the structural stability of the platform main body is improved.
4. By adopting the winding device, the rope is reliably wound, and the winding reliability of the rope is improved.
5. By adopting the driving part, the rope guide sliding block slides stably on the cross rod, and the driving stability of the driving part is improved.
6. The center of the platform main body is hollowed out. Therefore, the platform main body is simple and stable in structure and good in hydraulic performance, and the stability of the platform main body is enhanced.
7. The modularized installation mode simplifies the installation steps, and the whole installation link is more economic and effective.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a floating offshore wind power generation platform according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the platform body.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged view at a of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view at B of fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view at C of fig. 2.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a force applied to a platform.
In the figure: 1. a platform body; 11. a pontoon; 111. a column; 112. a support base; 12. a truss structure; 121. a cross bar; 122. a diagonal brace; 2. a wind power generator; 3. an adjusting section; 31. balancing weight; 32. a rope; 33. a retractor; 331. rope head clamping blocks; 332. a rope guide slide block; 333. a chain; 334. a sprocket; 4. a mooring line; 5. and (5) an anchor point.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
Referring to fig. 1-6, a floating offshore wind power generation platform comprises a platform main body 1 and a wind power generator 2 arranged on the platform main body 1, wherein the platform main body 1 is connected with a preset anchor point 5 of a seabed through a plurality of mooring cables 4, and an adjusting part 3 for adjusting the gravity center of the platform is arranged on the platform main body 1; the platform main body 1 comprises a plurality of pontoons 11 distributed along the circumferential direction, wherein the pontoons 11 are fixedly connected with each other through a truss structure 12, and the wind driven generator 2 is fixedly connected to one pontoon 11; the adjusting part 3 comprises a balancing weight 31, the balancing weight 31 is suspended below the truss structure 12 through a plurality of high-strength ropes 32, a plurality of connection points formed by the high-strength ropes 32 and the truss structure 12 are distributed at intervals around the circumference, and a retractor 33 for respectively winding and unwinding the ropes 32 is arranged on the truss structure 12. Through above-mentioned platform setting up flotation pontoon and truss structure, make platform main part simple structure, working property is stable, provides reliable work basis for aerogenerator, and simplified the installation to a certain extent, reduced the economic cost of platform installation, maintenance. During the use, through the regulation portion on the regulation platform main part, reach the purpose of adjustment focus to make the focus of platform and centre of buoyancy corresponding, also can remove the direction of focus position to the wind, with the resistance to wind-force that improves, the whole focus of platform can be regulated and control dynamically, effectively reduced the oscillation response of platform, improve the anti-capsizing ability of platform, make the platform can keep stable in extreme weather, in order to satisfy the normal work of platform under different operating conditions, improve the stability of platform work.
Wherein, in order to improve the regulation and control reliability of adjustment portion 3, adjustment portion 3 includes balancing weight 31, balancing weight 31 hangs through three rope 32 truss structure 12 below, the rope 32 forms with truss structure 12 three tie points around circumference interval evenly distributed, be equipped with on the truss structure 12 and be used for receiving and releasing the coiler 33 of rope 32 respectively, truss structure 12 includes two horizontal poles 121 of fixed connection between two adjacent pontoons 11, two horizontal poles 121 interval parallel arrangement from top to bottom, and two diagonal brace 122 of fixed connection between two horizontal poles 121 for improve truss structure 12's support strength. The retractor 33 may be powered by the wind-powered generator 2. Through adopting above-mentioned regulation portion 3, the reeler can receive and release each rope respectively, makes the balancing weight can realize different direction removal, effectively changes the focus of platform, improves the focus regulation and control reliability of regulation portion.
Further, the truss structure 12 includes a plurality of crossbars 121 fixedly connected between two adjacent pontoons 11; a plurality of diagonal braces 122 are fixedly connected between the cross bars 121 of two adjacent pontoons 11. Through adopting above-mentioned structure, make truss structure connect stably, improve the connection reliability between the flotation pontoon. Meanwhile, the structural strength of the truss structure is further increased, and the structural stability of the platform main body is improved.
Further, as shown in fig. 3 to 5, the retractor 33 includes a driving portion, a rope guiding slider 332 and a rope head clamping block 331, the rope head clamping block 331 is fixedly installed inside the cross rod 121, the rope head clamping block 331 is fixedly connected with an end portion of the rope 32 far away from the balancing weight 31, the rope guiding slider 332 is slidably connected with the cross rod 121 along a length direction of the cross rod 121, a rope guiding hole through which the rope 32 passes is formed in the rope guiding slider 332, and the driving portion is installed on the cross rod 121 and is used for driving the rope guiding slider 332 to slide; the retractors can work independently or cooperatively so as to adjust the vertical and horizontal positions of the weight 31. By adopting the retractor 33, the rope is reliably retracted, and the retraction reliability of the rope is improved.
Further, the driving part includes a chain 333, a sprocket 334 and a motor, the sprocket 334 is respectively rotatably disposed at two ends of the cross bar 121, the chain 333 is wound on the sprocket 334, the motor is fixedly mounted on the cross bar 121, an output end of the motor is in transmission connection with the sprocket 334, the chain 333 is fixedly connected with the rope guiding slider 332, and one end of the motor is connected with the platform control system and is used for transmitting control signals and actual positions and speeds of the rope guiding slider 332; according to the control command, the rotation angle and speed of the chain wheel can be controlled to adjust the position and movement speed of the rope guide slide block 332; the rope guide sliding block can freely slide in a certain range. By adopting the driving part, the rope guide sliding block slides stably on the cross rod, and the driving stability of the driving part is improved.
Further, in order to improve the floating stability of the platform main body 1, each pontoon 11 includes a vertical column 111 and a supporting seat 112 that are fixedly connected with each other, the vertical column 111 and the supporting seat 112 are both hollow cylindrical structures made of iron, the vertical column 111 and the supporting seat 112 are both provided with a first water filling port, and a first water pump for pumping or discharging water is arranged at the first water filling port; thereby the floating center of the pontoon 11 is adjustable, and the floating stability of the platform main body is improved.
Further, the outer diameter of the upright post 111 is smaller than the outer diameter of the supporting seat 112, the height of the upright post 111 is larger than the height of the supporting seat 112, two adjacent upright posts 111 are fixedly connected through a cross rod 121 on the upper portion, two adjacent supporting seats 112 are fixedly connected through a cross rod 121 on the lower portion, and the center position of the platform main body 1 is hollowed out. Therefore, the platform main body 1 is simple and stable in structure and good in hydraulic performance, and the stability of the platform main body 1 is enhanced.
Further, the balancing weight 31 is of a hollow iron ball structure, a second water filling port is formed in the balancing weight 31, and a second water pump for pumping or discharging water is arranged at the second water filling port.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a design method of a floating offshore wind power generation platform, wherein the platform is in a balanced state in a still water state, the stress is balanced, and the applied moment is balanced; the gravity and the gravity center of the platform main body, the gravity and the tower length of the wind driven generator, the net gravity and the gravity center of the counterweight, the design wind wave load and the platform design dip angle parameters meet the following relations:
Wherein G WT is the gravity of the wind driven generator; f Aero Limit of and F Wave Limit of are limit design wind load and wave load, respectively; h is the length of the tower; z WT is the distance between the tower foundation and the sea level; c 55 is the static water recovery rigidity of the platform; θ Max is the maximum allowable inclination angle of the platform during operation; l is the horizontal distance between the gravity center of the counterweight and the gravity center of the platform; x G is the horizontal distance between the gravity center of the counterweight and the gravity center of the platform; x B is the horizontal distance between the center of buoyancy and the center of gravity of the platform; g Net weight of is the net weight of the counterweight, i.e., the difference between gravity and buoyancy; f B is the buoyancy force exerted on the platform; f Aero and F Wave are wind load and wave load, respectively; z G is the distance between the center of gravity of the counterweight and sea level.
Furthermore, the balancing weight can discharge all the ballast water through the second water pump during transportation and installation, and after being towed to a service position through the towing device, the balancing weight is filled with the ballast water to a designed water level through the second water pump;
Platform control system monitors platform overturning motion acceleration at ith moment in real time through sensor The horizontal coordinate x q,i of the gravity center of the balancing weight and the real-time net weight G q,i of the balancing weight are used for adjusting and controlling the horizontal coordinate x q,i+1 and the net weight G q,i+1 of the balancing weight at the (i+1) th moment through the retractor and the second water pump, and the adjusting mode meets the following formula:
Wherein, I yy and I add are respectively the moment of inertia and the additional mass of the platform; x G0 is the horizontal coordinate of the gravity center of the platform; x q,max is the horizontal coordinate of the maximum allowable movement position of the balancing weight, and the value of the coordinate is half of the distance between the gravity center of the platform and the upright post;
The control system monitors the vertical position z q,i, the motion acceleration a q,i, the net weight G q,i and the platform overturning motion acceleration of the gravity center of the balancing weight 31 in real time through the sensor According to the vertical coordinate z q,i+1 of the retractor to the (i+1) moment of the balancing weight, the adjusting mode meets the following formula:
Wherein g is gravitational acceleration.
Example 3:
Referring to fig. 6, the platform is in an equilibrium state in a still water state, and is in force balance, and the applied moment is also balanced. The platform diagram is shown in fig. 6.
Taking x-z plane analysis, wherein the platform is acted by aerodynamic force F Aero and wave force F Wave besides the gravity G Platform of the platform, buoyancy F B, gravity G WT of a wind turbine and a tower frame and gravity G q of a counterweight unit, and is in a force balance state under the action of external force in the normal working process, when the external force applied to the platform changes, the platform needs to meet a platform moment balance motion equation (1) in the pitching direction:
where I yy is the moment of inertia of the platform about the y-axis, I add is the moment of inertia resulting from additional damping of the platform, θ is the pitch angle at the current time, Is the rotational acceleration in the pitch direction of the platform.
As can be seen from the above, when the external force applied to the platform changes, i.e. the aerodynamic force F Aero and the wave force F Wave change, the platform rotates, i.e. the platform generates a rotational accelerationTo enhance the motion stability of the platform, the weight G q of the counterweight unit or the position x q of the counterweight unit in the x-direction may be adjusted.
The specific control mode is as follows:
(1) Measuring rotation acceleration increment at moment i under platform running state through sensor
(2) The rotational acceleration is led into a control system, and the equivalent restoring moment corresponding to the platform is calculated:
(3) Adjusting the horizontal position x q or the net weight G q of the balancing weight; when the distance between the current position x qi of the balancing weight and the gravity center x G of the platform is smaller than the distance between the 1/2 eccentric upright post and the gravity center of the platform, the position x q of the balancing weight is adjusted, so that the net weight G qi, the position x qi and the equivalent restoring moment delta M i at the current moment of the balancing weight meet the following relation:
Wherein x qi-1 is the horizontal coordinate of the balancing weight at the previous moment;
(4) When the distance is greater than 1/2 of the distance between the eccentric upright post and the center of gravity of the platform, the gravity G q of the counterweight unit is regulated, so that the net gravity G qi, the position x qi and the equivalent restoring moment delta M i of the counterweight at the current moment meet the following relation:
(5) When the movement speed and the acceleration of the balancing weight are large, the vertical position of the balancing weight is adjusted, so that the distance between the balancing weight and the platform main body is reduced, and the influence of the inertial load of the balancing weight on the platform is reduced; when the platform moves greatly, the vertical position of the balancing weight is reduced, so that the inertial load effect of the balancing weight is increased, and the movement of the platform is reduced; the real-time vertical position control mode of the balancing weight is as follows:
Wherein g is gravitational acceleration; a q,i-1 is the acceleration of the balancing weight i-1 at the moment.
Similarly, the stability of the platform can be adjusted by analyzing the y-z plane to obtain the horizontal position y q or the net weight G q of the adjusting counterweight.
Example 4:
meanwhile, the operation control method of the floating type offshore wind power generation platform is provided:
the power generation platform is installed in a modularized mode, all mechanism components are assembled in a wharf area at first, the initially installed components are assembled uniformly, a pretightening force is applied to a rope 32 to fix the position of a gravity center adjusting part 3, and then the installed platform is transported to a working place by using a transport ship;
When the platform is transported to a working place, each module of the platform is required to be installed and debugged, a platform mooring system is firstly constructed, an anchor point 5 is firstly installed and connected with a mooring cable 4, and in order to prevent the mooring cable 4 from obstructing the movement of the gravity center adjusting part 3 of the platform, the platform mooring system adopts a tensioning mooring system, so that the resonance phenomenon in waves is avoided through the mooring system, and the movement response in the waves is reduced;
after the platform is moored, the preparation work is started for the normal operation of the wind driven generator 2, the retractor 33 controls the rope 32 to retract and release, the pontoon 11 and the counterweight 31 sink into the sea, and meanwhile, the water injection quantity of the inner cavity is gradually increased along with the lifting of the sinking depth of the pontoon and the counterweight, so that the whole gravity center of the platform continuously sinks;
Wherein, because one of the pontoons 11 is provided with the wind driven generator 2, the ballast provided by the side is obviously larger than that provided by the other two sides, the water injection quantity of the side pontoon 11 is always smaller than that of the pontoons 11 at the other two sides; meanwhile, the lifting height and the inner cavity water injection quantity of the balancing weight 31 are adjusted according to the offshore wind direction load and the hydrodynamic load, when the aerodynamic load and the hydrodynamic load are changed, the signal receiving device can sense, collect and process corresponding information, the information is transmitted to the control system through the signal amplifier, the control system outputs a command to the motor and the water pump, and then the lifting height and the inner cavity water injection quantity of the balancing weight 31 are controlled.
Claims (9)
1. The floating type offshore wind power generation platform is characterized by comprising a platform main body (1) and a wind power generator (2) arranged on the platform main body (1), wherein the platform main body (1) is connected with a preset anchor point (5) of a seabed through a plurality of mooring cables (4), and an adjusting part (3) for adjusting the gravity center of the platform is arranged on the platform main body (1);
the platform main body (1) comprises a plurality of pontoons (11) distributed along the circumferential direction, the pontoons (11) are connected and fixed with each other through a truss structure (12), and the wind driven generator (2) is fixedly connected to one pontoon (11);
The adjusting part (3) comprises a balancing weight (31), the balancing weight (31) is suspended below the truss structure (12) through a plurality of high-strength ropes (32), a plurality of connection points formed by the high-strength ropes (32) and the truss structure (12) are distributed at intervals around the circumferential direction, and a retractor (33) for respectively winding and unwinding the ropes (32) is arranged on the truss structure (12).
2. A floating offshore wind power generation platform according to claim 1, wherein: the truss structure (12) comprises a plurality of cross bars (121) fixedly connected between two adjacent pontoons (11); a plurality of diagonal braces (122) are fixedly connected between a plurality of cross bars (121) of two adjacent pontoons (11).
3. A floating offshore wind power generation platform according to claim 2, wherein: the winding device (33) comprises a driving part, a rope guide sliding block (332) and a rope head clamping block (331), wherein the rope head clamping block (331) is fixedly arranged inside the cross rod (121), the rope head clamping block (331) is fixedly connected with the end part of the rope (32) far away from the balancing weight (31), the rope guide sliding block (332) is in sliding connection with the cross rod (121) along the length direction of the cross rod (121), a rope guide hole for the rope (32) to pass through is formed in the rope guide sliding block (332), and the driving part is arranged on the cross rod (121) and used for driving the rope guide sliding block (332) to slide; the retractors can work independently or cooperatively, so that the vertical and horizontal positions of the balancing weights (31) can be adjusted.
4. A floating offshore wind power generation platform according to claim 3, wherein: the driving part comprises a chain (333), a chain wheel (334) and a motor, wherein the chain wheel (334) is respectively arranged at two ends of the cross rod (121) in a rotating mode, the chain (333) is wound on the chain wheel (334), the motor is fixedly arranged on the cross rod (121), the output end of the motor is in transmission connection with the chain wheel (334), the chain (333) is fixedly connected with the rope guide sliding block (332), and one end of the motor is connected with the platform control system and used for transmitting control signals and the actual position and speed of the rope guide sliding block (332); according to the control instruction, the motor can control the rotation angle and speed of the chain wheel so as to adjust the position and movement speed of the rope guide slide block (332); the rope guide sliding block can freely slide in a certain range.
5. A floating offshore wind power generation platform according to claim 2, wherein: the pontoon (11) comprises an upright post (111) and a supporting seat (112) which are mutually fixedly connected, the upright post (111) and the supporting seat (112) are of hollow iron cylindrical structures, the upright post (111) and the supporting seat (112) are provided with first water filling openings, and a first water pump for pumping or discharging water is arranged at the first water filling openings;
And the external diameter of stand (111) is less than the external diameter of supporting seat (112), the height of stand (111) is greater than the height of supporting seat (112), through horizontal pole (121) fixed connection on upper portion between two adjacent stands (111), through horizontal pole (121) fixed connection of lower part between two adjacent supporting seats (112), platform main part (1) central point puts fretwork.
6. A floating offshore wind power generation platform according to claim 3, wherein: the balancing weight (31) is of a hollow iron ball structure, a second water filling port is formed in the balancing weight (31), and a second water pump for pumping or discharging water is arranged at the second water filling port.
7. The method for designing a floating offshore wind power generation platform according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the platform is in a balanced state in a still water state, and is balanced in stress and in applied moment; the gravity and the gravity center of the platform main body, the gravity and the tower length of the wind driven generator, the net gravity and the gravity center of the counterweight, the design wind wave load and the platform design dip angle parameters meet the following relations:
；
Wherein, The gravity of the wind driven generator; /(I)And/>Respectively designing wind load and wave load for the limit; h is the length of the tower; /(I)The distance between the tower foundation and the sea level; /(I)Restoring rigidity for the static water of the platform; /(I)The maximum allowable inclination angle is the maximum allowable inclination angle when the platform operates; l is the horizontal distance between the gravity center of the counterweight and the gravity center of the platform; /(I)Is the horizontal distance between the gravity center of the counterweight and the gravity center of the platform; /(I)The horizontal distance between the floating center and the gravity center of the platform; /(I)Is the balance weight, i.e. the difference between gravity and buoyancy; /(I)The buoyancy is applied to the platform; and/> Wind load and wave load respectively; /(I)Is the distance between the gravity center of the counterweight and the sea level.
8. The method of designing a floating offshore wind turbine platform of claim 7, wherein:
The ballast water can be completely discharged through the second water pump during transportation and installation, and after the ballast water is towed to a service position through the towing device, the ballast water is filled to a designed water level through the second water pump;
Platform control system monitors platform overturning motion acceleration at ith moment in real time through sensor Horizontal coordinate of gravity center of balancing weight/>Real-time net weight of counterweight/>The horizontal coordinate/>, at the (i+1) th moment, of the balancing weight is obtained through the coiler and the second water pumpAnd net weight/>And (3) performing adjustment and control, wherein the adjustment mode meets the following formula:
；
Wherein, And/>The moment of inertia and the additional mass of the platform are respectively; /(I)The gravity center of the platform is the horizontal coordinate; /(I)The horizontal coordinate of the maximum allowable movement position of the balancing weight is half of the distance between the gravity center of the platform and the upright post;
The control system monitors the vertical position of the gravity center of the balancing weight (31) in real time through a sensor Motion acceleration/>Net weight ofPlatform overturning motion acceleration/>; According to the vertical coordinate/>, of the retractor, to the (i+1) th moment of the balancing weightThe adjustment is carried out, and the adjustment mode meets the following formula:
；
Wherein g is gravitational acceleration.
9. The operation control method of the floating offshore wind power generation platform according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that:
The power generation platform is installed in a modularized mode, all mechanism components are assembled in a wharf area at first, then the initially installed components are assembled uniformly, a pretightening force is applied to a rope (32) to fix the position of a gravity center adjusting part (3), and then the installed platform is transported to a working place by using a transport ship;
When the platform is transported to a working place, each module of the platform is required to be installed and debugged, a platform mooring system is firstly constructed, an anchor point (5) is firstly installed and connected with a mooring cable (4), and in order to prevent the mooring cable (4) from obstructing the movement of the gravity center adjusting part (3) of the platform, the platform mooring system adopts a tensioning mooring system, so that the resonance phenomenon in waves is avoided through the mooring system, and the movement response in the waves is reduced;
After the platform is moored, the preparation work is started for the normal operation of the wind driven generator (2), the winding device (33) controls the rope (32) to be wound and unwound, the pontoon (11) and the counterweight (31) sink into the sea, and meanwhile, the water injection quantity of the inner cavity is gradually increased along with the lifting of the sinking depth of the pontoon and the counterweight, so that the whole gravity center of the platform continuously sinks;
Wherein, because one pontoon (11) is provided with a wind driven generator (2), the ballast provided by the side is obviously larger than that provided by the other two sides, the water injection quantity of the side pontoon (11) is always smaller than that of the pontoons (11) at the other two sides; meanwhile, the lifting height and the inner cavity water injection quantity of the balancing weight (31) are adjusted according to the offshore wind direction load and the hydrodynamic load, when the aerodynamic load and the hydrodynamic load are changed, the signal receiving device can sense, collect and process corresponding information, the information is transmitted to the control system through the signal amplifier, the control system outputs a command to the motor and the water pump, and then the lifting height and the inner cavity water injection quantity of the balancing weight (31) are controlled.
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| US20090072544A1 (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2009-03-19 | Floating Windfarms Corporation | Offshore Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine and Associated Systems and Methods |
| US20180148140A1 (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2018-05-31 | Esteyco S.A.P. | Floating structure and method of intalling same |
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