CN118000201A - 一种防治农作物蚜虫的植物源绿色农药及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防治农作物蚜虫的植物源绿色农药及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种防治农作物蚜虫的植物源绿色农药及其制备方法,植物源绿色农药由包括如下重量份的中药提取制备获得,2~6份黄连、3~8份肉桂、3~10份苦参、2~8份黄姜、2~6份薄荷、4~8份大蒜、1~2份天然防腐剂。本发明提供的植物源绿色农药,能够有效防治农作物蚜虫虫害,各成分的含量配比合理,能够有效发挥本发明组合物在防治蚜虫上的药效,并含有一定驱除其他害虫的能力;对作物、非靶标生物、环境友好,增加了药剂对害虫的速效性,且延缓害虫抗药性的产生、延长药剂持效性;其制备工艺,简单有效,绿色无害,稳定性好;所得浓缩液减少农药的使用量,降低农用成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药复配技术领域,具体涉及一种防治农作物蚜虫的植物源绿色农药及其制备方法。
背景技术
农作物在种植过程中受到蚜虫、咖啡虎天牛、木蠹蛾、尺蠖等害虫的危害日趋严重。蚜虫是影响很多农作物生产的主要害虫之一,其繁殖能力极强,每年至少发生10代,严重时叶片背面群集多达数百头,成虫、幼虫于叶片背面刺吸叶片汁液,影响叶片的光合作用,使受害叶片的叶绿素含量低于正常叶片,进而卷缩发黄,影响植株生长;在花蕾期会导致花蕾畸形,同时虫还可分泌蜜露,引起烟霉病,对农作物的产量和品质影响极大。
目前,农作物上蚜虫的防控主要以化学药剂为主,包括吡虫啉、啶虫脒等烟碱类化学药剂,造成采收的农作物中有化学农药残留现象,严重制约了农作物产业的健康发展。因此,有必要对农作物蚜虫的生物防治方法进行系统研究,保证产品质量安全。作为生物防治的重要组成部分,生物农药(绿色农药)是从天然的化学物质或生命体提取的新型农药,一般对靶标有害生物专一性强、使用量低、毒性大,而对高等动物毒性小,在避免环境污染、减少害虫抗药性、害虫科学防治等方面具有独特的优势。因此筛选有效防控农作物害虫的生物农药对农作物科学防治、绿色生产具有重要意义。
目前,大部分植物源绿色农药成分单一,药效慢,持续时间短,导致部分农民认为使用的农药没有效果,从来拖延了植物源绿色农药的推广速度。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种防治农作物蚜虫的植物源绿色农药及其制备方法,一种从黄连、苦参等中药中提取有效成分的技术,特别涉及将该提取液用于增加杀虫效果,降低蚜虫、蚂蚁等虫害对作物产生的影响,提高作物品质。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下的技术方案为:
一种防治农作物蚜虫的植物源绿色农药,其为包括黄连素、反式肉桂醛、姜黄素、苦参碱、L-薄荷醇的乙醇浓缩提取液和大蒜素水溶液。
进一步地还包括天然防腐剂;天然防腐剂为丁香酚。
一种防治农作物蚜虫的植物源绿色农药,其由如下重量份中药的乙醇提取物,再加入4~9份的大蒜和1~2份的天然防腐剂制备获得,中药包括2~6份黄连、3~8份肉桂、3~10份苦参、2~8份黄姜和2~8份薄荷叶。
一种防治农作物蚜虫的植物源绿色农药的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
S1、按重量份准备黄连2~6份、肉桂3~8份、苦参3~10份、黄姜2~8份、薄荷叶2~6份、大蒜4~8份、天然防腐剂1~2份;
将黄连、肉桂、苦参和黄姜磨成粉末状,得到四种主要物质的粉末;
S2、对步骤S1中的粉末加入新鲜薄荷叶,加入无水乙醇进行超声溶解;
S3、超声结束后过滤,得粉末沉淀和上清液,收集上清液,粉末沉淀用无水乙醇溶解后超声处理;
S4、重复步骤S3的乙醇提取3-4次;
S5、舍弃粉末沉淀,初步去除不溶性杂质,混合步骤S3和步骤S4中收集的上清液;
S6、将新鲜大蒜研碎,加水溶解,震荡溶解;
S7、将步骤S6所得溶液与步骤S5所得上清液混合,过滤,离心2-3次;
S8、向步骤S7所得溶液加入天然防腐剂,恒温水浴加热,所得溶液即为天然浓缩液。
如上所述的制备方法,优选地,在步骤S2中,无水乙醇按照乙醇:粉末的重量比=10:1~50:1的比例添加。
如上所述的制备方法,优选地,在步骤S2和S3中,超声的条件为:温度38~60℃、时间0.5~2h、频率30~50Khz。
如上所述的制备方法,优选地,在步骤S6中,水的加入量按照水:大蒜的重量比=5:1~30:1的比例添加。
如上所述的制备方法,优选地,在步骤S6中,震荡溶解的条件为温度45~60℃、时间1.5~3h、转速150~250rpm。
如上所述的制备方法,优选地,在步骤S7中,离心的条件为温度4~8℃、时间3~5min、转速8000~12000rpm。
如上所述的制备方法,优选地,在步骤S8中,水浴的条件为温度45~60℃、时间1~2.5h。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明提供的防治农作物蚜虫的植物源绿色农药,(1)通过多种可治蚜虫的植物提取物及蚜虫讨厌气味物质制备成的生态农业防治提取液,能够有效防治农作物蚜虫虫害,本发明组合物成分均为天然成分,在防虫治虫的同时对生态环境无污染无损坏;
(2)各成分的含量配比合理,能够有效发挥本发明组合物在防治蚜虫上的药效,并含有一定驱除其他害虫的能力,如蚂蚁,天牛等;
(3)本发明提供的防治农作物蚜虫的植物源绿色农药的制备工艺,简单有效,绿色无害,稳定性好;所得浓缩液减少农药的使用量,降低农用成本;
(4)本发明的植物源绿色农药,对作物、非靶标生物、环境友好,增加了药剂对害虫的速效性,且延缓害虫抗药性的产生、延长药剂持效性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的制备防治农作物蚜虫的天然提取液的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
目前,生物农药/绿色农药组分大都比较单一,导致效果单一且持续性弱。本发明经过多次实验,发现了黄连、肉桂、苦参、黄姜、薄荷、大蒜组合在一起可以形成耦合作用,从而大幅度提升效果。其中,黄连的主要功能成分是黄连素,含量在10-30%之间;肉桂的主要功能成分是反式肉桂醛,含量在20-40%之间;苦参的主要功能成分是苦参碱,含量在5-30%之间;黄姜的主要功能成分是姜黄素,含量在10-50%之间,苦参的主要功能成分是苦参碱,含量在30-50%之间,薄荷的主要功能成分是L-薄荷醇,含量在10-30%之间,大蒜的主要功能成分是大蒜素,含量在20-40%之间。实验发现,缺乏任何的组分都不利于提高效果。同时,如果用量太低,效果不明显,用量过高,虽然会提升效果,但同时会造成成本大幅度提升。因此,合适的配比至关重要。以下实施例用于进一步说明本发明,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。在不背离本发明精神和实质的前提下,对本发明所作的修饰或者替换,均属于本发明的范畴。
若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
实施例1
一种防治农作物蚜虫的天然提取液,其组合物成分包括:按重量份计,6份黄连、6份肉桂、6份苦参、6份黄姜、7份薄荷、9份大蒜、1份天然防腐剂,其制备工艺流程如图1所示,具体操作如下:
步骤(1)、将黄连、肉桂、苦参、黄姜磨成粉末状,得到四种主要物质的粉末;
步骤(2)、对步骤(1)中的粉末加入新鲜薄荷叶,按照配方要求加入无水乙醇进行超声溶解,条件为:温度38℃、时间0.5h、频率30Khz;
步骤(3)、超声结束后过滤,得粉末沉淀和上清液,收集上清液,粉末沉淀用乙醇溶解后超声处理;无水乙醇的用量按照乙醇:粉末的重量比=20:1进行;超声频率在30kHz,超声时间0.5h,超声温度38℃;
步骤(4)、重复步骤(3)的乙醇提取3-4次;
步骤(5)、舍弃粉末沉淀,初步去除不溶性杂质,混合步骤(3)和步骤(4)中收集的上清液;
步骤(6)、将新鲜大蒜研碎,按照水:大蒜的重量比=10:1加水溶解,震荡溶解,条件:温度45℃、时间1.5h、转速150rpm;
步骤(7)、将步骤(6)所得溶液与步骤(5)所得上清液混合,过滤,离心2-3次,离心的条件:温度4℃、时间3min、转速8000rpm;
步骤(8)、向步骤(7)所得溶液加入天然防腐剂丁香酚,加入比例为溶液:丁香酚的重量比=100:0.5,恒温水浴加热,条件:温度45℃、时间1h,所得溶液即为天然防治农作物蚜虫的提取液。
实施例2
一种防治农作物蚜虫的天然提取液,其组合物成分包括:按重量份计的2份黄连、3份肉桂、6份苦参、5份黄姜、7份薄荷叶、6份大蒜、1份天然防腐剂,其制备工艺为:
步骤(1)、将黄连、肉桂、苦参、黄姜磨成粉末状,得到四种主要物质的粉末;
步骤(2)、对步骤(1)中的粉末加入新鲜薄荷叶,按照新鲜薄荷叶:粉末=1:5的配方要求加入,按照乙醇:粉末的重量比=30:1加入无水乙醇进行超声溶解,条件为:温度60℃、时间1h、频率40Khz;
步骤(3)、超声结束后过滤,得粉末沉淀和上清液,收集上清液,粉末同时沉淀用无水乙醇溶解后超声处理;按照无水乙醇:粉末沉淀的重量比=30:1加入无水乙醇;超声频率在30kHz,超声时间0.5h,超声温度38℃;
步骤(4)、重复步骤(3)的乙醇提取3-4次;
步骤(5)、舍弃粉末沉淀,初步去除不溶性杂质,混合步骤(3)和步骤(4)中收集的上清液;
步骤(6)、将新鲜大蒜研碎,按照水:大蒜=15:1加水溶解,震荡溶解,条件:温度60℃、时间1h、转速250rpm;
步骤(7)、将步骤(6)所得溶液与步骤(5)所得上清液混合,过滤,离心2-3次,离心条件:温度8℃、时间5min、转速8000rpm;
步骤(8)、向步骤(7)所得溶液加入天然防腐剂丁香酚,加入比例为溶液:丁香酚=100:0.5,恒温水浴加热,条件:温度60℃、时间2.5h,所得溶液即为防治农作物蚜虫的提取液。
实施例3
一种防治农作物蚜虫的天然提取液,其组合物成分包括:按重量份计的4份黄连、4份肉桂、7份苦参、5份黄姜、8份薄荷叶、8份大蒜、1份天然防腐剂,其制备工艺为:
步骤(1)、将黄连、肉桂、苦参、黄姜磨成粉末状,得到四种主要物质的粉末;
步骤(2)、对步骤(1)中的粉末加入新鲜薄荷叶,新鲜薄荷叶:粉末=1:10,按照乙醇:粉末=15:1加入无水乙醇进行超声溶解,条件为:温度60℃、时间0.6h、频率50Khz;
步骤(3)、超声结束后过滤,得粉末沉淀和上清液,收集上清液,粉末沉淀用无水乙醇溶解后超声处理;按照乙醇:粉末沉淀=15:1进行添加无水乙醇;超声频率在30kHz,超声时间0.5h,超声温度38℃;
步骤(4)、重复步骤(3)的乙醇提取3-4次;
步骤(5)、舍弃粉末沉淀,初步去除不溶性杂质,混合步骤(3)和步骤(4)中收集的上清液;
步骤(6)、将新鲜大蒜研碎,按照水:大蒜=20:1加水溶解,震荡溶解,条件:温度55℃、时间1h、转速200rpm;
步骤(7)、将步骤(6)所得溶液与步骤(5)所得上清液混合,过滤,离心2-3次,条件:离心温度4℃、时间3min、转速12000rpm;
步骤(8)、向步骤(7)所得溶液加入天然防腐剂丁香酚,加入比例为溶液:丁香酚=100:0.5,,恒温水浴加热,条件:温度45℃、时间2h,所得溶液即为天然防治农作物蚜虫的提取液。
对照组1:去掉4份黄连,保留4份肉桂、7份苦参、5份黄姜、8份薄荷、8份大蒜,其他步骤同实施例3。
对照组2:去掉4份肉桂,保留4份黄连、7份苦参、5份黄姜、8份薄荷、8份大蒜,其他步骤同实施例3。
对照组3:去掉7份苦参,保留4份黄连、4份肉桂、5份黄姜、8份薄荷、8份大蒜,其他步骤同实施例3。
对照组4:去掉5份黄姜,保留4份黄连、4份肉桂、7份苦参、8份薄荷、8份大蒜,其他步骤同实施例3。
对照组5:去掉8份薄荷,保留4份黄连、4份肉桂、7份苦参、5份黄姜、8份大蒜,其他步骤同实施例3。
对照组6:去掉8份大蒜,保留4份黄连、4份肉桂、7份苦参、5份黄姜、8份薄荷,其他步骤同实施例3。
对照组7-12为单一中药对照,具体操作如下:
对照组7:去掉4份肉桂、7份苦参、5份黄姜、8份薄荷叶、8份大蒜,仅保留4份黄连,其他步骤同实施例3。
对照组8:去掉4份黄连、7份苦参、5份黄姜、8份薄荷叶、8份大蒜,仅保留4份肉桂,其他步骤同实施例3。
对照组9:4份黄连、4份肉桂、7份苦参、5份黄姜、8份薄荷叶、8份大蒜,仅保留7份苦参,其他步骤同实施例3。
对照组10:去掉4份黄连、4份肉桂、7份苦参、5份黄姜、8份薄荷叶、8份大蒜,仅保留5份黄姜,其他步骤同实施例3。
对照组11:去掉4份黄连、4份肉桂、7份苦参、5份黄姜、8份薄荷叶、8份大蒜,仅保留8份薄荷叶,其他步骤同实施例3。
对照组12:去掉4份黄连、4份肉桂、7份苦参、5份黄姜、8份薄荷叶、8份大蒜,仅保留8份大蒜,其他步骤同实施例3。
注:实施例3中的1份天然防腐剂的作用仅仅是为了保证产品的质量,其本身并不具备本发明的效果(防止农作物蚜虫病),因此,对照组并没有探究它。
对照组13:市售蚜虫杀虫剂(氯氰吡虫啉)。
对照组14:无水乙醇。
对照组15:空白对照
将按上述制备的绿色农药喷到有蚜虫的小麦上,使用量45 mL/亩,施用24小时后,计算致死率。其中致死率(%)=(喷前活虫数-喷后活虫数)/喷前活虫数×100%。每组3次,取平均值。
表1 结果
致死率 | |
实施例1 | 92a |
实施例2 | 91a |
实施例3 | 94a |
对照组1 | 80b |
对照组2 | 82b |
对照组3 | 86b |
对照组4 | 83b |
对照组5 | 71c |
对照组6 | 63d |
对照组7 | 0f |
对照组8 | 0f |
对照组9 | 0f |
对照组10 | 0f |
对照组11 | 3f |
对照组12 | 4f |
对照组13 | 89a |
对照组14 | 9e |
对照组15 | 0f |
注:表中角标不同的小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)
根据上述表格数据可以得出,当实施实施例3时,本发明一种防治农作物蚜虫的天然提取液,其性能参数为蚜虫致死率94%,对环境不产生损坏,而现有技术标准为蚜虫致死率85%,对环境不产生损坏,药效时长1个月,防虫效率90%,对其他害虫的驱除率70%;当仅有一种中药的提取液时,其并没有防虫效果,或其作用及其微小,因此本发明提供的一种防治农作物害虫的天然提取液,蚜虫致死率更高,治虫效果更好,环境友好,药效持续性能更好,防虫效率更高,能够有效防止农作物蚜虫虫害复发,因此本发明具备显著的优越性。
Claims (10)
1.一种防治农作物蚜虫的植物源绿色农药,其特征在于,其为包括黄连素、反式肉桂醛、姜黄素、苦参碱、L-薄荷醇的乙醇浓缩提取液和大蒜素水溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的植物源绿色农药,其特征在于,还包括天然防腐剂。
3.一种防治农作物蚜虫的植物源绿色农药,其特征在于,其由如下重量份中药的乙醇提取物,再加入4~9份的大蒜和1~2份的天然防腐剂制备获得中药包括2~6份黄连、3~8份肉桂、3~10份苦参、2~8份黄姜、2~8份薄荷叶。
4.一种防治农作物蚜虫的植物源绿色农药的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括如下步骤:
S1、按重量份准备黄连2~6份、肉桂3~8份、苦参3~10份、黄姜2~8份、薄荷叶2~8份、大蒜4~9份、天然防腐剂1~2份;
将黄连、肉桂、苦参和黄姜磨成粉末状,得到四种主要物质的粉末;
S2、对步骤S1中的粉末加入新鲜薄荷叶,加入无水乙醇进行超声溶解;
S3、超声结束后过滤,得粉末沉淀和上清液,收集上清液,粉末沉淀用无水乙醇溶解后超声处理;
S4、重复步骤S3的乙醇提取3-4次;
S5、舍弃粉末沉淀,初步去除不溶性杂质,混合步骤S3和步骤S4中收集的上清液;
S6、将新鲜大蒜研碎,加水溶解,震荡溶解;
S7、将步骤S6所得溶液与步骤S5所得上清液混合,过滤,离心2-3次,;
S8、向步骤S7所得溶液加入天然防腐剂,恒温水浴加热,所得溶液即为天然浓缩液。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S2中,无水乙醇按照乙醇:粉末的重量比=10:1~50:1添加。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S2和S3中,超声的条件为:温度38~60℃、时间0.5~2h、频率30~50Khz。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S6中,水的加入量按照水:大蒜的重量比=5:1~30:1添加。
8.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S6中,震荡溶解的条件为温度45~60℃、时间1.5~3h、转速150~250rpm。
9.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S7中,离心的条件为温度4~8℃、时间3~5min、转速8000~12000rpm。
10.根据权利要求4-9中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S8中,水浴的条件为温度45~60℃、时间1~2.5h。
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