CN117990970A - Alternating voltage acquisition device used in railway system - Google Patents
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- CN117990970A CN117990970A CN202410185849.4A CN202410185849A CN117990970A CN 117990970 A CN117990970 A CN 117990970A CN 202410185849 A CN202410185849 A CN 202410185849A CN 117990970 A CN117990970 A CN 117990970A
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Abstract
The application discloses an alternating voltage acquisition device used in a railway system, which relates to the technical field of electric variable measurement and comprises a voltage signal sampling module, an electrode, a reference potential module and a signal processing module; wherein, the electrode is a printed circuit board with copper foil laid on two sides; the acquisition end of the voltage signal sampling module acquires alternating voltage through the electrode and transmits the acquired alternating voltage to the signal processing module; the signal processing module is used for switching amplification amplitude according to the acquired alternating voltage; the reference potential module is used for providing reference voltage for the voltage signal sampling module and the signal processing module. The alternating voltage acquisition device for the railway system provided by the application has the advantages of high safety, good isolation effect, strong anti-interference capability, high accuracy, convenience in use and no influence on tested equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of electric variable measurement, in particular to an alternating voltage acquisition device used in a railway system.
Background
In railway signalling systems, track circuits play a very important role. The track circuit is used for detecting whether a section of steel rail line is occupied by a train or not, so that the running safety of the train is ensured.
The track circuit generally comprises a transmitting device, a rail line and a receiving device, wherein the transmitting device transmits a current or voltage signal to the rail line, and the receiving device is responsible for detecting the current or voltage change on the rail line to determine whether a train passes through or occupies the rail line. When a section of rail line is occupied by a train, the track circuit detects a change in current or voltage and transmits this information to the control center of the railway signaling system. And the control center takes corresponding measures, such as changing the state of a signal lamp, adjusting the running speed of the train and the like, according to the received information so as to ensure that the following train can run safely.
If the track circuit breaks down, the train is late, and if the train is heavy, the subsequent train enters the rail line occupied by the existing train, so that extremely serious consequences are caused, and the track circuit is a safety demanding system.
In recent years, signal professional maintainers grasp the working state of a track circuit in real time, eliminate the fault of the track circuit in a sprouting state, and arrange a track circuit monitoring system (hereinafter referred to as a monitoring system) so as to monitor parameters such as working voltage, current and the like of track circuit equipment in real time on line, and strictly require that the fault of the monitoring system cannot influence the normal operation of the track circuit. The collection of alternating current can adopt a through type current transformer to carry out safe collection, but the safe collection of alternating voltage becomes a technical difficulty.
At present, the safety acquisition method of alternating voltage mainly comprises the following two steps:
1. high-barrier insurance method
Referring to fig. 1, the circuit in the high-isolation protection method mainly comprises a FUSE, a resistor R1, a current-type voltage transformer B, an operational amplifier AMP and a resistor R2.
The collected voltage Vi forms a current I1 on a series circuit formed by a resistor R1 and a primary coil of a current type voltage transformer B, the size of the current I1 can be determined by adjusting the resistance value of the resistor R1, the resistor R1 is generally larger in value, and the connection of the collection circuit is ensured not to reduce the measured voltage value. The secondary output current I2 of the current-type voltage transformer B is equal to the primary input current I1, and the isolation voltage between the primary and secondary is typically between 1000VAC and 2000 VAC. The amplifier AMP and the resistor R2 constitute an amplifying circuit whose output voltage Vo is equal to I2 times R2.
The FUSE has the function that when the acquisition circuit has short-circuit fault, the input loop is disconnected when the current is larger than the fusing current of the FUSE, so that the acquisition circuit is in an open circuit state.
2. Non-contact acquisition method
The installation mode of the non-contact acquisition method is similar to that of a through type current transformer, one of a pair of voltage cables passes through a non-contact voltage measuring head, the intensity of a voltage signal on the cable is detected by utilizing the charge-discharge principle between two polar plates of a capacitor, and the voltage signal is output after being processed by a special transmitter (containing algorithm software) which is matched with the voltage signal.
In the prior art, the first method has wider application range, but the isolation effect is bad because the isolation voltage is only 1000VAC to 2000VAC, and the acquisition current I1 is required to be acquired, the performance of a tested system is affected, and the requirement of a safety demanding system on voltage acquisition cannot be met; the second method has better isolation effect than the first method, but has high cost and complex structure, so the second method is not adopted in a large amount, and needs to be adjusted in the actual installation environment, if the relative position between the tested cable and the voltage measuring head changes, the second method also needs to be adjusted again, and the second method is very inconvenient to use.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the application provides an alternating voltage acquisition device for a railway system, which aims to solve the problems of poor isolation effect, poor safety, high cost and inconvenient use of an alternating voltage acquisition method in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
An alternating voltage acquisition device used in a railway system comprises a voltage signal sampling module, an electrode, a reference potential module and a signal processing module; the electrode is a printed circuit board with copper foils laid on two sides;
The acquisition end of the voltage signal sampling module acquires alternating voltage through the electrode and transmits the acquired alternating voltage to the signal processing module;
the signal processing module is used for switching amplification amplitude according to the acquired alternating voltage;
the reference potential module is used for providing reference voltage for the voltage signal sampling module and the signal processing module.
Optionally, two electrodes are provided.
Optionally, the voltage signal sampling module includes a first collecting end, a second collecting end, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a first capacitor and a tenth capacitor, where the collecting ends of the first collecting end and the second collecting end collect ac voltages through two electrodes respectively and output the collected ac voltages to the signal processing module, the first capacitor and the tenth capacitor are connected in series and then connected in parallel between the collecting ends of the first collecting end and the second collecting end, and the fourth resistor and the fifth resistor are connected in series and then connected in parallel between the output ends of the first collecting end and the second collecting end; and the midpoints of the first capacitor and the tenth capacitor are grounded, and the midpoints of the fourth resistor and the fifth resistor are input with the reference voltage provided by the reference potential module.
Optionally, the first collecting end includes a second capacitor and an eleventh resistor, one end of the second capacitor and the eleventh resistor are connected in series, and then the other end of the second capacitor and the eleventh resistor is electrically connected with the electrode, and the other end of the second capacitor and the eleventh resistor outputs the collected alternating voltage.
Optionally, the second collecting end includes a third capacitor and a tenth resistor, one end of the third capacitor and the tenth resistor are connected in series and then are electrically connected with the other electrode, and the other end outputs the collected alternating voltage.
Optionally, the voltage signal sampling module further includes a first electrostatic protection tube, a second electrostatic protection tube and a third electrostatic protection tube, the first electrostatic protection tube and the second electrostatic protection tube are respectively connected in parallel with the tenth capacitor and the two ends of the first capacitor, and the third electrostatic protection tube is connected in parallel between the first collecting end and the second collecting end, wherein the midpoints of the first electrostatic protection tube and the second electrostatic protection tube are grounded.
Optionally, the reference potential module includes an operational amplifier, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a fourth capacitor, where the second resistor and the fourth capacitor are connected in parallel, and one end of the second resistor is grounded, the other end of the second resistor is electrically connected with a connection point between one end of the first resistor and a non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier, the other end of the first resistor is used for inputting a positive voltage, an inverting input end of the operational amplifier is electrically connected with an output end of the operational amplifier through the third resistor, and the output end of the operational amplifier outputs a reference potential.
Optionally, the signal processing module includes an instrumentation amplifier, an analog switch, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor and a ninth capacitor, where the sixth resistor, the seventh resistor and the eighth resistor are respectively connected in series to a first pin, a third pin and a sixth pin of the analog switch, a connection point of the first pin and the third pin of the analog switch is electrically connected with the first pin of the instrumentation amplifier, a fourth pin of the analog switch is electrically connected with the eighth pin of the instrumentation amplifier, a second pin and the third pin of the instrumentation amplifier are used for inputting the collected ac voltage, the sixth pin of the instrumentation amplifier outputs a voltage signal through the ninth resistor, one end of the ninth capacitor is electrically connected with an output end of the ninth resistor, and another end of the ninth capacitor is grounded.
Compared with the prior art, the application has at least the following beneficial effects:
The application provides an alternating voltage acquisition device used in a railway system, which comprises a voltage signal sampling module, an electrode, a reference potential module and a signal processing module, wherein the voltage signal sampling module is used for sampling a voltage signal of the railway system; wherein, the electrode is a printed circuit board with copper foil laid on two sides; the acquisition end of the voltage signal sampling module acquires alternating voltage through the electrode and transmits the acquired alternating voltage to the signal processing module; the signal processing module is used for switching amplification amplitude according to the acquired alternating voltage; the reference potential module is used for providing reference voltage for the voltage signal sampling module and the signal processing module. The alternating voltage acquisition device for the railway system provided by the application has the advantages of high safety, good isolation effect, strong anti-interference capability, high accuracy, convenience in use and no influence on tested equipment.
Drawings
In order to more intuitively illustrate the prior art and the application, exemplary drawings are presented below. It should be understood that the specific shape and configuration shown in the drawings are not generally considered limiting conditions in carrying out the application; for example, those skilled in the art will be able to make routine adjustments or further optimizations for the addition/subtraction/attribution division, specific shapes, positional relationships, connection modes, dimensional proportion relationships, and the like of certain units (components) based on the technical concepts and the exemplary drawings disclosed in the present application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a conventional high-barrier-to-fuse method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a voltage signal sampling module according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a reference potential module circuit provided by the application;
fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a signal processing module according to the present application.
Detailed Description
The application will be further described in detail by means of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present application: unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more. The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like in this disclosure are intended to distinguish between the referenced objects without a special meaning in terms of technical connotation (e.g., should not be construed as emphasis on the degree of importance or order, etc.). The expressions "comprising", "including", "having", etc. also mean "not limited to" (certain units, components, materials, steps, etc.).
The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", and the like, as used herein, are generally used for the purpose of facilitating an intuitive understanding with reference to the drawings and are not intended to be an absolute limitation of the positional relationship in actual products.
The application provides an alternating voltage acquisition device used in a railway system, which comprises a voltage signal sampling module, an electrode, a reference potential module and a signal processing module, wherein the voltage signal sampling module is used for sampling a voltage signal of the railway system; wherein, the electrode is a printed circuit board with copper foil laid on two sides.
The acquisition end of the voltage signal sampling module acquires alternating voltage through the electrode and transmits the acquired alternating voltage to the signal processing module; the signal processing module is used for switching amplification amplitude according to the acquired alternating voltage; the reference potential module is used for providing reference voltage for the voltage signal sampling module and the signal processing module.
Specifically, the two electrodes are arranged and comprise a first electrode T1 and a second electrode T2, the first electrode T1 and the second electrode T2 are both made of a circuit board, a large-area copper foil is respectively laid on the top layer and the bottom layer of the circuit board and is equivalent to two polar plates of a capacitor, and the circuit board substrate is equivalent to the dielectric medium of the capacitor, that is, the electrode in the application is a special capacitor with the withstand voltage performance reaching 2 ten thousand volts, thereby not only solving the high-voltage isolation problem of a measuring end, but also realizing the signal transmission.
Referring to fig. 2, in fig. 2, vi+ and Vi-are the collected ac voltages, and Vi 1-are the sampled ac voltages, which are also input to the signal processing module.
Specifically, the voltage signal sampling module comprises a first acquisition end, a second acquisition end, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a first capacitor C1 and a tenth capacitor C10, the acquisition ends of the first acquisition end and the second acquisition end acquire alternating voltage through a first electrode T1 and a second electrode T2 respectively, the acquired alternating voltage is output to the signal processing module, the first capacitor C1 and the tenth capacitor C10 are connected in series and then connected in parallel between the acquisition ends of the first acquisition end and the second acquisition end, and the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 are connected in series and then connected in parallel between the output ends of the first acquisition end and the second acquisition end; the midpoints of the first capacitor C1 and the tenth capacitor C10 are grounded, the midpoints of the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 are input with a reference voltage REF provided by the reference potential module, and the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 are used for clamping the voltages vi1+, vi 1-to the reference potential, so that the acquisition of the single-power analog-digital converter is satisfied.
The first acquisition end comprises a second capacitor C2 and an eleventh resistor R11, one end of the second capacitor C2 and the eleventh resistor R11 which are connected in series is electrically connected with the first electrode T1, and the other end of the second capacitor C2 and the eleventh resistor R11 outputs acquired alternating voltage; the second capacitor C2 is a coupling capacitor, and plays a role in isolating direct current, and the eleventh resistor R11 is used for further attenuating transient pulse interference.
The second acquisition end comprises a third capacitor C3 and a tenth resistor R10, one end of the third capacitor C3 and the tenth resistor R10 which are connected in series is electrically connected with the second electrode T2, and the other end of the third capacitor C3 and the tenth resistor R10 outputs acquired alternating voltage; the third capacitor C3 is a coupling capacitor, and is used for isolating direct current, and the tenth resistor R10 is used for further attenuating transient pulse interference.
The voltage signal sampling module further comprises a first electrostatic protection tube D1, a second electrostatic protection tube D2 and a third electrostatic protection tube D3, wherein the first electrostatic protection tube D1 and the second electrostatic protection tube D2 are respectively connected in parallel with two ends of a tenth capacitor C10 and a first capacitor C1, the third electrostatic protection tube D3 is connected in parallel between a first acquisition end and a second acquisition end, the middle points of the first electrostatic protection tube D1 and the second electrostatic protection tube D2 are grounded, and the third electrostatic protection tube D3 is used for inhibiting transient pulse interference.
In the application, the voltage signal sampling module realizes high-isolation sampling of alternating voltage. The first electrode T1, the first capacitor C1, the tenth capacitor C10, and the second electrode T2 form a capacitive voltage division network, and the first capacitor C1, the tenth capacitor C10, the first electrostatic protection tube D1, and the second electrostatic protection tube D2 form a common mode interference protection circuit.
Referring to fig. 3, the reference potential module includes an operational amplifier U1, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3 and a fourth capacitor C4, wherein one end of the second resistor R2 and one end of the fourth capacitor C4 are connected in parallel and then grounded, the other end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected with a connection point between one end of the first resistor R1 and a non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1, the other end of the first resistor R1 is used for inputting a positive voltage, an inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected with an output end of the operational amplifier U1 through the third resistor R3, and an output end of the operational amplifier U1 outputs a reference potential.
In the application, the reference potential module is responsible for providing reference potential for the voltage signal sampling module and the signal processing module, wherein the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 form a resistor voltage division network, the voltage on the second resistor R2 is the reference potential value, the fourth capacitor C4 is used for filtering ripple voltage thereof, and the operational amplifier U1 and the third resistor R3 form a voltage follower circuit and output as the reference potential.
Referring to fig. 4, the signal processing module includes an instrumentation amplifier U2, an analog switch U3, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, and a ninth capacitor C9, where the sixth resistor R6, the seventh resistor R7, and the eighth resistor R8 are respectively connected in series to a first pin, a third pin, and a sixth pin of the analog switch U3, a connection point of the first pin and the third pin of the analog switch U3 is electrically connected to the first pin of the instrumentation amplifier U2, a fourth pin of the analog switch U3 is electrically connected to the eighth pin of the instrumentation amplifier U2, the second pin and the third pin of the instrumentation amplifier U2 are used for inputting the collected ac voltage, the sixth pin of the instrumentation amplifier U2 outputs a voltage signal through the ninth resistor R9, one end of the ninth capacitor C9 is electrically connected to an output end of the ninth resistor R9, and the other end of the ninth capacitor C9 is grounded.
In the application, the signal processing module is responsible for further processing the output voltages Vi1+, vi1-of the voltage sampling module; the amplification factor of the instrumentation amplifier U2 is related to the parallel resistance value between the first pin and the eighth pin. The sixth pin of the analog switch U3 is a network Ctrl, when the network Ctrl is at a high level, the first pin and the fourth pin of the analog switch U3 are communicated, and a sixth resistor R6 is connected in parallel between the first pin and the eighth pin of the instrument amplifier U2; when the network Ctrl is at a low level, the third pin and the fourth pin of the network Ctrl are communicated, and the electric seven resistor R7 is connected between the first pin and the eighth pin of the instrument amplifier U2 in parallel, so that the function of adjusting the gain of the instrument amplifier U2 based on the magnitude of an input voltage value is realized, and the acquisition precision can be effectively improved.
The ninth resistor R9 and the ninth capacitor C9 form a low-pass filter circuit, high-frequency components in the output voltage signal are filtered, and the anti-interference capability of the acquisition circuit is improved.
The alternating voltage acquisition device for the railway system can be used for measuring voltage signals of six central frequency bands of 25Hz, 50Hz, 1700Hz, 2000Hz, 2300Hz and 2600Hz independently or simultaneously; the two sides of the printed circuit board with copper foils laid on the two sides are used as electrodes, and parasitic capacitance between the copper foils on the two sides forms a signal coupling relation, so that the problem of high-voltage isolation of a measuring end is solved, and signal transmission is realized; the voltage signal sampling module adopts the NP0 type measuring capacitor connected in series with the voltage signal sampling module as a sampling end, and the connecting point of the two capacitors is used as a voltage zero point of sampling, so that the interference of common-mode voltage can be effectively prevented; the signal conditioning module can switch the amplification amplitude according to the strength of the sampled signal so as to meet the measurement precision of the small signal.
The alternating current voltage acquisition device for the railway system can be used for voltage acquisition of the track circuit signals and the traction reflux signals in the railway system, and has the advantages of high safety, high isolation level, high accuracy, strong anti-interference capability, convenience in use and no influence on tested equipment.
Any combination of the technical features of the above embodiments may be performed (as long as there is no contradiction between the combination of the technical features), and for brevity of description, all of the possible combinations of the technical features of the above embodiments are not described; these examples, which are not explicitly written, should also be considered as being within the scope of the present description.
Claims (8)
1. The alternating current voltage acquisition device used in the railway system is characterized by comprising a voltage signal sampling module, an electrode, a reference potential module and a signal processing module; the electrode is a printed circuit board with copper foils laid on two sides;
The acquisition end of the voltage signal sampling module acquires alternating voltage through the electrode and transmits the acquired alternating voltage to the signal processing module;
the signal processing module is used for switching amplification amplitude according to the acquired alternating voltage;
the reference potential module is used for providing reference voltage for the voltage signal sampling module and the signal processing module.
2. An ac voltage acquisition device for use in a railway system according to claim 1, wherein the electrodes are provided in two.
3. The alternating current voltage acquisition device for a railway system according to claim 2, wherein the voltage signal sampling module comprises a first acquisition end, a second acquisition end, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a first capacitor and a tenth capacitor, the acquisition ends of the first acquisition end and the second acquisition end acquire alternating current voltages through two electrodes respectively and output the acquired alternating current voltages to the signal processing module, the first capacitor and the tenth capacitor are connected in series and then connected in parallel between the acquisition ends of the first acquisition end and the second acquisition end, and the fourth resistor and the fifth resistor are connected in series and then connected in parallel between the output ends of the first acquisition end and the second acquisition end; and the midpoints of the first capacitor and the tenth capacitor are grounded, and the midpoints of the fourth resistor and the fifth resistor are input with the reference voltage provided by the reference potential module.
4. An ac voltage acquisition device for use in a railway system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first acquisition terminal comprises a second capacitor and an eleventh resistor, the second capacitor and the eleventh resistor being connected in series and having one end electrically connected to the electrode and the other end outputting an acquired ac voltage.
5. An ac voltage collecting device for use in a railway system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the second collecting terminal comprises a third capacitor and a tenth resistor, and one terminal of the third capacitor and the tenth resistor after being connected in series is electrically connected to the other electrode, and the other terminal outputs the collected ac voltage.
6. The ac voltage sampling device for use in a railway system of claim 3, wherein the voltage signal sampling module further comprises a first electrostatic protection tube, a second electrostatic protection tube, and a third electrostatic protection tube, the first electrostatic protection tube and the second electrostatic protection tube being connected in parallel with the tenth capacitor and the first capacitor, respectively, and the third electrostatic protection tube being connected in parallel between the first collection terminal and the second collection terminal, wherein a midpoint of the first electrostatic protection tube and the second electrostatic protection tube is grounded.
7. The ac voltage acquisition device for use in a railway system according to claim 1, wherein the reference potential module comprises an operational amplifier, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a fourth capacitor, the second resistor and the fourth capacitor are connected in parallel, one end of the second resistor is grounded, the other end of the second resistor is electrically connected to a connection point between one end of the first resistor and a non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier, the other end of the first resistor is used for inputting a positive voltage, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier is electrically connected to an output end of the operational amplifier through the third resistor, and the output end of the operational amplifier outputs a reference potential.
8. The ac voltage acquisition device for use in a railway system according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing module comprises an instrumentation amplifier, an analog switch, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor and a ninth capacitor, the sixth resistor, the seventh resistor and the eighth resistor are respectively connected in series on a first pin, a third pin and a sixth pin of the analog switch, a connection point of the first pin and the third pin of the analog switch is electrically connected with the first pin of the instrumentation amplifier, a fourth pin of the analog switch is electrically connected with an eighth pin of the instrumentation amplifier, the second pin and the third pin of the instrumentation amplifier are used for inputting an acquired ac voltage, the sixth pin of the instrumentation amplifier outputs a voltage signal through the ninth resistor, one end of the ninth capacitor is electrically connected with an output end of the ninth resistor, and the other end of the ninth capacitor is grounded.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202410185849.4A CN117990970A (en) | 2024-02-19 | 2024-02-19 | Alternating voltage acquisition device used in railway system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202410185849.4A CN117990970A (en) | 2024-02-19 | 2024-02-19 | Alternating voltage acquisition device used in railway system |
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| CN117990970A true CN117990970A (en) | 2024-05-07 |
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| CN202410185849.4A Pending CN117990970A (en) | 2024-02-19 | 2024-02-19 | Alternating voltage acquisition device used in railway system |
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