Background technology
In current operation of power networks, day by day under complicated situation, corresponding monitoring equipment---electric energy quality monitoring system is widely used, and provides large quantitative analysis data, for power grid operation plays immeasurable effect for electrical network detects.Along with the development of detection technique, to how accurately catching electrical network running parameter, more strict requirement has been proposed.Because electrical network contains a large amount of harmonic componentss conventionally, can be accompanied by the situations such as voltage swells rapid drawdown, fluctuation, flickering, wink stream, lightning surge simultaneously.General high voltage power transmission signal is at output rated voltage is 100V after measuring mutual inductor voltage signal, or civil power 220V signal, under lightning surge and nonlinear-load shock effect, can make voltage change between-6KV~6KV at instantaneous (Microsecond grade), signal in the face of wide-voltage range like this, in near Steady state and transient state power quality parameter assurance detects the range of nominal tension, also to capture the change in voltage of transient state, the voltage detecting of Power Quality Detection system has been proposed to very high requirement.
In traditional high voltage detection field the inside, generally adopt voltage transformer (VT) transformation to obtain being applicable to the voltage that electronic equipment detects.Voltage transformer (VT) is actually one with transformer unshakable in one's determination, and it is mainly comprised of first and second coil, iron core and insulating gel.When applying an alternating voltage U1 on a winding, in iron core, just produce a magnetic flux φ, according to the law of electromagnetic induction, in Secondary Winding, just produce a secondary voltage U2.Voltage transformer (VT) is widely used in all kinds of high pressure in low pressure transformation applications, and its voltage ratio can, according to once determining with the turn ratio of Secondary Winding, by regulating no-load voltage ratio, just can obtain required voltage.But voltage transformer (VT) exists its intrinsic shortcoming: 1, the volume of voltage transformer (VT) is generally all larger, and heavy, conventionally in electronic product, occupy very large space, in three-phase system, just need to be equipped with 3~4 voltage transformer (VT); 2, Secondary Circuit of Potential Transformer can not short circuit, otherwise can cause the excessive disastrous effect that causes of primary circuit electric current, to the electron device of secondary circuit, requires higher; 3, a large amount of harmonic componentss can cause voltage transformer (VT) Flux saturation, at secondary side, produces higher voltage, and waveform changes, and circuit is impacted, and equipment for monitoring power quality need to be monitored accurately to harmonic wave; 4, voltage transformer (VT) causes phase delay, and voltage transformer (VT) design is according to designing in the situation of power frequency 50Hz; 5, wide range input, the requirement that has improved the dielectric strength of voltage transformer (VT), when guaranteeing that volume is little, the insulating Design of voltage transformer (VT) has become very large problem; For avoiding and reducing the problems referred to above, produce, voltage transformer (VT) need be by special technique manufacture, and its cost also improves.And, while utilizing voltage transformer (VT) to detect, voltage signal input in the face of wide region, the insulating requirements of voltage transformer (VT) is also become to very high, and contain in a large amount of harmonic components situations, voltage transformer (VT) is easy to saturated, and the frequency analysis of paramount importance link that is electric energy quality monitoring system.
Because voltage transformer (VT) exists above-mentioned shortcoming, therefore, people need to find a kind of replacement voltage transformer (VT) transformation mode, please refer to accompanying drawing 1, by single-ended electric resistance partial pressure mode, realize voltage transitions, then adopt and obtain magnitude of voltage after dividing potential drop after the amplifier isolation of high resistant input.Adopt in this way, feature be input signal and system altogether, input voltage with output voltage ratio is: Uo/Ui=R2/ (R1+R2), adjust the value of R1 and R2, can obtain required lower magnitude of voltage, thereby play hypotensive effect.Amplifier U1A, as buffering isolation network, is characterized in high impedance input, and resistance pressure-dividing network is isolated, and avoids rear end to impact electric resistance partial pressure value.But, owing to having adopted input signal and system altogether in this mode, can cause the earth potential of whole circuit board to improve, when external signal interference ratio is larger, ground wire current potential is also being followed and is being changed, circuit accuracy test is impacted, and it is to cause signal cannot measure an important reason accurately that earth potential changes.For the voltage input of wide region like this, obviously can cause earthy wide cut to change, cause the signal cannot correct measurement.In addition, the insulating requirements that electrically isolates from other parts of high-voltage ground wire is also the difficult point in design, must increase the difficulty of structural design.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned voltage signal detection method of the prior art of mentioning, realize cost high, exist and measure the inaccurate shortcoming that maybe cannot measure, the invention provides a kind of voltage signal detection method of equipment for monitoring power quality, circuit and application, it adopts differential type resistance pressure-dividing network isolating exterior signal, adopt multisection type dividing potential drop to reach different input range voltage detecting, adopt high resistant input instrument amplifier to avoid affecting the technology such as electric resistance partial pressure value, the voltage of input wide region and the signal that contains a large amount of harmonic componentss can be become can supplied for electronic equipment Inspection low voltage signal.
The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention adopts is: a kind of voltage signal detection device of equipment for monitoring power quality, this device is for being provided with amplifier more than one-level, measured signal inputs to respectively two input ends of first order amplifier by the high-impedance resistors of series connection, between two high-impedance resistors and first order amp.in, be all connected with resistance pressure-dividing network, resistance pressure-dividing network is connected between first order amp.in and signal ground, amplifier output measurement result.
A kind of circuit of realizing the voltage signal detection device of above-mentioned equipment for monitoring power quality, this circuit comprises amplifier more than one-level, measured signal inputs to respectively two input ends of first order amplifier by the high-impedance resistors of series connection, high-impedance resistors R1, resistance R 31 and resistance R 32 form one group of resistance pressure-dividing network, high-impedance resistors R2, resistance R 41 and resistance R 42 form other one group of resistance pressure-dividing network, first order amp.in is connected to the common port of high-impedance resistors R1 and resistance R 31 and the common port of high-impedance resistors R2 and resistance R 41, resistance R 31 and resistance R 32 and resistance R 41 and resistance R 42 are connected between first order amp.in and signal ground, amplifier output measurement result.
A kind of application process of voltage signal detection device of equipment for monitoring power quality described above, the method is for detection of phase three-wire three or three-phase and four-line alternating current, when the method is during for detection of phase three-wire three alternating current, two phase lines are connected on a measured signal input line; When the method is during for detection of three-phase and four-line alternating current, a phase line is connected on the positive pole of measured signal input line, on the negative pole of measured signal input line, connects zero line.
The technological means that the present invention adopts further comprises:
Described when amplifier is provided with more than two, resistance pressure-dividing network adopts two resistance that are connected in series above to form, and in resistance pressure-dividing network, the partial pressure value of each resistance is introduced into the input end of subsequent stages amplifier successively.
On described amplifier out, be connected with clamp diode.
Described amplifier is that the instrument amplifier of high resistant input is, the amplifying circuit that instrument amplifier, differential amplifier, triode or the metal-oxide-semiconductor of three amplifiers compositions form.
Described high-impedance resistors adopts plastic packaging EE resistance or adopts several resistance series systems to realize.
Between two described measured signal lines, cross-over connection has voltage dependent resistor (VDR) or TVS pipe.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention program can well solve high voltage signal test problems, meet the requirement to the input of external signal high resistant, be common to the occasion of various high-accuracy voltage input.The low-voltage signal that adopts electric resistance partial pressure mode to obtain, can well reduce input signal characteristics, truly reflected signal input situation of change; External signal and internal signal high impedance mode are isolated, and realize the output of high resistant input low-resistance, neither can impact external input signal, also simplify internal circuitry senses entry method simultaneously; Adopt multisection type dividing potential drop, can meet different input range voltage detecting.
Embodiment
Please refer to accompanying drawing 2, the main circuit in the present invention will comprise instrument amplifier and the catching diode of differential type resistance pressure-dividing network, multiterminal formula electric resistance partial pressure, high resistant input.In the present embodiment, take two-stage amplifier as example, circuit of the present invention is specifically described, during concrete enforcement, also can select according to actual needs one-level amplifier or polystage amplifier more than two-stage, in the present embodiment, instrument amplifier U1 and instrument amplifier U2 adopt respectively the instrument amplifier of high resistant input, during concrete enforcement, instrument amplifier U1 and instrument amplifier U2 also can adopt alternate manner to realize, such as instrument amplifier or differential amplifier that three amplifiers form, or the amplifier that the high-impedance state that adopts triode or metal-oxide-semiconductor formation is inputted etc., so long as the amplifier circuit of high-impedance state input is all suitable for.In the present embodiment, on two input ends of instrument amplifier U1, be connected with differential type resistance pressure-dividing network, wherein, resistance R 1, resistance R 31 and resistance R 32 form one group of resistance pressure-dividing network, resistance R 2, resistance R 41 and resistance R 42 form other one group of resistance pressure-dividing network, these two groups of resistance pressure-dividing networks form differential type resistance pressure-dividing network, resistance R 1 and resistance R 2 are high resistance measurement, generally can select resistance is R1=R2=20M Ω, precision is 0.1%, rated power 0.5W, temperature is floated the resistance for 25ppm, resistance R 1 and resistance R 2 should possess high impedance, high withstand voltage, the characteristic such as high precision and Low Drift Temperature, can select plastic packaging EE resistance to realize, external input signal and internal signal are isolated, requiring lower-cost occasion, is not in very high situation to accuracy requirement, can select to realize high impedance with several resistance series systems, the high characteristic such as withstand voltage.External high pressure signal input Ui inputs instrument amplifier U1, by instrument amplifier U1 output detections result after the resistance R 1 of high value and resistance R 2 isolation.In the present embodiment, the common node of resistance R 31 and resistance R 32, the common node of resistance R 41 and resistance R 42, these two nodes form other one group of partial pressure value, and input in instrument amplifier U2, by instrument amplifier U2 output detections result.The resistance of resistance R 31, resistance R 32, resistance R 41 and resistance R 42 is lower, generally can select resistance is that R31=R32=R41=R42 is that 5K, precision are 0.1%, rated power 0.25W, temperature are floated the resistance for 25ppm, the resistance value ratio of resistance R 31, resistance R 32, resistance R 41 and resistance R 42 is lower, therefore superpose, superincumbent magnitude of voltage is also lower, there is no need the high withstand voltage resistance of selecting cost compare high, only need to guarantee high precision and Low Drift Temperature characteristic.Above-mentioned resistance also should be noted that its power, specifically in side circuit, selects the resistance of suitable high or low power.In the present embodiment, it is as a reference point that resistance R 32 and resistance R 42 connect signal ground.
The present invention samples by the dividing potential drop of divider resistance R31, resistance R 32 and resistance R 41, resistance R 42, generally, get R1=R2, R31=R41, R32=R42, (R31+R32)=and (R41+R42), both sides input voltage is balanced dividing potential drop like this, and its current return is: R1 → R31 → R32 → R42 → R41 → R2.
Instrument amplifier U1 two differential input ends detect the pressure reduction of low resistance resistance R 31, resistance R 32 and resistance R 41, resistance R 42, obtain magnitude of voltage: U1in=[(R31+R32)/(R1+R31+R32)] * Uin, by the no-load voltage ratio of regulating resistance, the magnitude of voltage that obtains being applicable to U1 input range, the Power supply of instrument amplifier is provided by internal circuit.
The input voltage of instrument amplifier U2 is U2in=[R32/(R31+R32)] * U1in.
For adapting to wide-voltage range input, U1out may cause output voltage to exceed the scope of back-end circuit because enlargement factor is too high, thus adopt catching diode D1 that output voltage is clamped, in order to avoid damage the circuit of rear end.In the present embodiment, it is the catching diode of BAV99 that catching diode D1 selects model.
The output end signal U2out of instrument amplifier U1 output end signal U1out and instrument amplifier U2 is input in analog to digital converter ADC after signal condition, obtains digital signal and processes for DSP, and this belongs to universal method, in the present invention, is not described in detail.Input signal Anti-surging, anti-overvoltage protection can increase voltage dependent resistor (VDR) and TVS pipe at corresponding site (being external high pressure signal input part place).
While utilizing the present invention to carry out the detection of quality of power supply voltage signal, can utilize the present invention after measuring mutual inductor, to obtain the ac voltage that rated voltage is 100V to the high-voltage signal of the various grades such as 220KV, 110KV, 10KV and detect, be generally the forms such as phase three-wire three alternating current or three-phase and four-line alternating current.When detecting phase three-wire three alternating current, two phase lines are connected on input end, as input signal Uin; When detecting three-phase and four-line alternating current, the positive input of input signal Uin is A, B or C line, i.e. phase line, and Uin negative input is N line, zero line, adopts three groups of above-mentioned modules just can realize voltage transitions.
While utilizing the present invention for Steady state and transient state accuracy detection, because change in voltage scope changes near rated voltage, for meeting rear end ADC sample requirement, can select the smaller output changing in a narrow margin of no-load voltage ratio, by described instrument amplifier U1 channel signal, export.
Utilize the present invention to detect for transient signal, because its voltage range changes between-6KV~+ 6KV, if resistance pressure-dividing network is selected larger no-load voltage ratio output, may cause rear end testing circuit overvoltage saturated, a value that no-load voltage ratio is smaller need to be selected, described instrument amplifier U2 passage output can be selected.
Instrument amplifier U1 and instrument amplifier U2 detect input voltage signal with differential mode, have very high common-mode rejection ratio, play the effect of the common mode interference that suppresses two input signal cables.Meanwhile, due to high impedance input characteristics of the present invention (can reach 109 Ω), prevent from electric resistance partial pressure value to impact.At cost sensitivity and accuracy requirement, not very high occasion, can use three operational amplifiers to realize instrument amplifier function, can adopt other high impedance input method as field effect transistor input, the realization of operational amplifier homophase input mode yet.
With a concrete example, the present invention will be described below, selecting resistance R 1=R2 is 20M Ω, 0.1%, 0.5W, 25ppm, resistance R 31=R32=R41=R42 is 5K, 0.1%, 0.25W, 25ppm, the voltage U 1i=0.00049975Ui of instrument amplifier U1 two input ends, under rated voltage, U1i=0.049975V, the enlargement factor of instrument amplifier can be chosen as 10 times, analog to digital converter for 5V power supply, can support 3 times of above transient voltages to detect, also can guarantee near the precision of the Steady-state Parameters that rated voltage is simultaneously.
When transient voltage is when changing between-6KV~+ 6KV, the input range of U2i changes between-1.49925V~+ 1.49925V, can meet rear end ADC sampled voltage demand completely.
When voltage range variation is wider, the output voltage values of U1out has exceeded the sensing range of ADC, because be Steady state and transient state data channel, can not consider that excessive voltage range changes, now, catching diode D1 on U1out on power supply VCC, avoids surpassing the input voltage range of ADC voltage clamping.
In above-described embodiment, for meeting the voltage detecting of different range, divider resistance R3 adopts the series system of resistance R 31 and resistance R 32 to realize and divider resistance R4 adopts the series system of resistance R 41 and resistance R 42 to realize, two groups of different voltages in above-described embodiment, have only been divided, in reality, can also select as required plural more resistance to realize divider resistance R3 and divider resistance R4, between corresponding resistance, draw input signal to corresponding instrument amplifier, instrument amplifier also can be selected a plurality of, and the voltage ratio of multichannel different range is carried out to State selective measurements.
The present invention program can well solve high voltage signal test problems, meets the requirement to the input of external signal high resistant, is common to the occasion of various high-accuracy voltage input.The low-voltage signal that adopts electric resistance partial pressure mode to obtain, can well reduce input signal characteristics, truly reflected signal input situation of change; External signal and internal signal high impedance mode are isolated, and realize the output of high resistant input low-resistance, neither can impact external input signal, also simplify internal circuitry senses entry method simultaneously; Adopt multisection type dividing potential drop, can meet different input range voltage detecting.