CN117990043B - Monitoring method and system for ship shafting supporting structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于数据采集、船舶轴系技术领域，提出了一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测方法及系统，具体为：在船舶轴系中识别各个气囊隔振器，以气囊隔振器作为隔振单元，分别在隔振单元上布置压力传感器，再利用压力传感器测量获得测量值，并根据测量值计算各个隔振单元的均衡距离，并根据均衡距离进行筏架形变分析获得形变阶值，最后根据形变阶值向客户端进行轴系形变预警。量化了基于柔性筏架的船舶轴系支撑结构在外界刺激中发生的形变风险，为识别和防范柔性支撑形变引起的轴承变位等轴系故障提供数理支撑，提高支撑的轴系实际应用中的稳定性，尤其有利于船舶推进系统长期运行下的船舶轴系状态稳定。
The present invention belongs to the technical field of data acquisition and ship shafting, and proposes a monitoring method and system for ship shafting support structure, specifically: identifying each airbag isolator in the ship shafting, using the airbag isolator as a vibration isolation unit, arranging pressure sensors on the vibration isolation units respectively, and then using the pressure sensor to measure and obtain the measured value, and calculating the equilibrium distance of each vibration isolation unit according to the measured value, and performing raft deformation analysis according to the equilibrium distance to obtain the deformation order value, and finally providing the shafting deformation warning to the client according to the deformation order value. The deformation risk of the ship shafting support structure based on the flexible raft under external stimulation is quantified, providing mathematical support for identifying and preventing shafting faults such as bearing displacement caused by flexible support deformation, improving the stability of the supported shafting in practical applications, and being particularly beneficial to the stability of the ship shafting state under long-term operation of the ship propulsion system.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于数据采集、船舶轴系技术领域，具体涉及一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测方法及系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of data acquisition and ship shafting, and in particular relates to a monitoring method and system for a ship shafting support structure.
背景技术Background technique
船舶轴系由推力轴、中间轴、尾轴、螺旋桨轴、联轴器、推力轴承、中间轴承以及尾管轴承组成，作用于将电机产生的动力转变为船舶航行的推力。当轴系发生故障时则导致摩擦和振动增加，进而降低轴系效率并影响整个船舶推进系统的效率和安全性。The ship shaft system consists of thrust shaft, intermediate shaft, tail shaft, propeller shaft, coupling, thrust bearing, intermediate bearing and stern tube bearing, which is used to convert the power generated by the motor into the thrust of the ship's navigation. When the shaft system fails, it will lead to increased friction and vibration, thereby reducing the efficiency of the shaft system and affecting the efficiency and safety of the entire ship propulsion system.
传统船舶设计通常将轴系和电机安装在刚性支撑结构上，然而随着船舶减振技术的发展传统的刚性支撑已经无法满足要求，轴系产生的振动能量会通过刚性支撑结构传递到船体，引发多通道振动并产生声辐射，从而影响船舶的减振和隐蔽性能。因此当代船舶倾向采用柔性结构作为支撑，将主机及轴系安装在柔性筏架上并在筏架上配置多个气囊隔振器。Traditional ship design usually installs the shaft system and motor on a rigid support structure. However, with the development of ship vibration reduction technology, the traditional rigid support can no longer meet the requirements. The vibration energy generated by the shaft system will be transmitted to the hull through the rigid support structure, causing multi-channel vibration and generating sound radiation, thus affecting the vibration reduction and concealment performance of the ship. Therefore, modern ships tend to use flexible structures as supports, install the main engine and shaft system on a flexible raft frame, and configure multiple airbag vibration isolators on the raft frame.
传统的轴系故障监测方法通过在不同轴承上安装各种传感器，监测压力、温度、转速等参数以判断轴系是否发生故障。然而这种传统监测方法只考虑到轴系本身受到的外界应激影响，忽略了内部结构中柔性支撑对轴系的直接影响，进而在进行动力学分析时会引起分析误差，传统监测方法通常为在实验室模拟试验中获得气囊隔振器的固定气压参数，而并不会根据海上环境和工况变化做出实时的调整，也不会监测柔性支撑发生的形变，即对柔性结构的适应性分析程度并不完整。柔性支撑在受到水流冲击、海水腐蚀、温度变化、工况变化等外界影响时会发生的形变，会直接影响到其支撑的轴系的稳定性，引发轴承发生变位，为船舶推进系统的效率和安全性带来风险。因此在轴系健康监测中须全面考虑柔性支撑结构对轴系的影响，以实现更全面和准确的故障诊断。The traditional shaft fault monitoring method installs various sensors on different bearings to monitor parameters such as pressure, temperature, and speed to determine whether the shaft fault occurs. However, this traditional monitoring method only considers the external stress effect on the shaft itself, and ignores the direct effect of the flexible support in the internal structure on the shaft, which will cause analysis errors when performing dynamic analysis. The traditional monitoring method usually obtains the fixed air pressure parameters of the airbag isolator in the laboratory simulation test, but does not make real-time adjustments according to the offshore environment and working conditions, nor does it monitor the deformation of the flexible support, that is, the adaptability analysis of the flexible structure is not complete. The deformation of the flexible support when it is affected by external factors such as water flow impact, seawater corrosion, temperature changes, and working conditions will directly affect the stability of the shaft supported by it, causing the bearing to shift, which brings risks to the efficiency and safety of the ship propulsion system. Therefore, in the health monitoring of the shaft system, the influence of the flexible support structure on the shaft system must be fully considered to achieve more comprehensive and accurate fault diagnosis.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于提出一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测方法及系统，以解决现有技术中所存在的一个或多个技术问题，至少提供一种有益的选择或创造条件。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a monitoring method and system for a ship shaft support structure to solve one or more technical problems existing in the prior art and at least provide a beneficial option or create conditions.
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一方面，提供一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a monitoring method for a ship shafting support structure is provided, the method comprising the following steps:
S100，在船舶轴系中识别各个气囊隔振器，以气囊隔振器作为隔振单元，分别在隔振单元上布置压力传感器；S100, identifying each airbag vibration isolator in the ship shaft system, using the airbag vibration isolator as a vibration isolation unit, and arranging pressure sensors on the vibration isolation units respectively;
S200，利用压力传感器测量获得测量值，并根据测量值计算各个隔振单元的均衡距离；S200, obtaining a measurement value by using a pressure sensor, and calculating a balance distance of each vibration isolation unit according to the measurement value;
S300，根据均衡距离进行筏架形变分析获得形变阶值；S300, performing deformation analysis of the raft according to the equilibrium distance to obtain a deformation order value;
S400，根据形变阶值向客户端进行轴系形变预警。S400: Provide shaft deformation warning to the client according to the deformation order value.
进一步地，在步骤S100中，在船舶轴系中识别各个气囊隔振器，以气囊隔振器作为隔振单元，分别在隔振单元上布置压力传感器的方法是：船舶的轴系安装在柔性筏架上，柔性筏架的肋板或者下板安装有若干个气囊隔振器，以安装在下板的气囊隔振器作为隔振单元，分别在各个隔振单元上布置压力传感器；其中气囊隔振器包括鼓型橡胶气囊隔振器和长圆形囊式气囊隔振器中的任意一种；在每个气囊隔振器的位置均安装一个压力传感器；压力传感器为荷重传感器、应力传感器或压电式传感器中的任意一种。Further, in step S100, each airbag isolator is identified in the ship's shafting, and the airbag isolator is used as a vibration isolation unit. The method of arranging pressure sensors on the vibration isolation units is as follows: the ship's shafting is installed on a flexible raft, and a plurality of airbag isolators are installed on the ribs or lower plates of the flexible raft, and the airbag isolator installed on the lower plate is used as the vibration isolation unit, and pressure sensors are arranged on each vibration isolation unit; wherein the airbag isolator includes any one of a drum-type rubber airbag isolator and an oblong bag airbag isolator; a pressure sensor is installed at the position of each airbag isolator; and the pressure sensor is any one of a load sensor, a stress sensor or a piezoelectric sensor.
进一步地，在步骤S200中，利用压力传感器测量获得测量值，并根据测量值计算各个隔振单元的均衡距离的方法是：各个隔振单元通过压力传感器实时测量获得测量值；若一个时刻较其前一个时刻和其后一个时刻的测量值都大，则定义该时刻发生压力攀升；设定一个时间段作为反馈间隔RT,RT∈[1,3]分钟，每隔一个反馈间隔定义一个时刻为反馈点，定义一个反馈点与其逆时间方向的首个反馈点之间的时间区间为该反馈点的反馈区间；获取反馈区间内各个发生压力攀升的时刻对应的测量值，并计算所得各个测量值的平均值作为攀升期望，获取反馈区间内各个测量值的平均值为均衡期望；将攀升期望与均衡期望的比值记为攀升比例Ovt，将同一反馈点下各个隔振单元的攀升比例的平均值记为攀升均衡度e.Ovt,则该反馈点下任一隔振单元的均衡距离Bds为：Bds＝ln(1+Ovt/e.Ovt)。Further, in step S200, the method of obtaining the measured value by using the pressure sensor and calculating the equilibrium distance of each vibration isolation unit according to the measured value is as follows: each vibration isolation unit obtains the measured value by real-time measurement through the pressure sensor; if the measured value at a moment is larger than the measured value at the previous moment and the measured value at the next moment, it is defined that the pressure rise occurs at the moment; a time period is set as the feedback interval RT, RT∈[1,3] minutes, a moment is defined as a feedback point every other feedback interval, and the time interval between a feedback point and the first feedback point in the reverse time direction is defined as the feedback interval of the feedback point; the measured values corresponding to the moments when the pressure rise occurs in the feedback interval are obtained, and the average value of each measured value is calculated as the climbing expectation, and the average value of each measured value in the feedback interval is obtained as the equilibrium expectation; the ratio of the climbing expectation to the equilibrium expectation is recorded as the climbing ratio Ovt, and the average value of the climbing ratios of each vibration isolation unit at the same feedback point is recorded as the climbing balance e.Ovt, then the equilibrium distance Bds of any vibration isolation unit at the feedback point is: Bds＝ln(1+Ovt/e.Ovt).
进一步地，在步骤S300中，根据均衡距离进行筏架形变分析获得形变阶值的方法是：设定一个时间段TgCB，TgCB∈[40,80]分钟；对于一个隔振单元，定义其在最近TgCB时段中均衡距离的上四分位值为第一距离，当一个反馈点下的均衡距离大于等于第一距离则定义该反馈点发生越界事件；Further, in step S300, the method for performing deformation analysis of the raft according to the equilibrium distance to obtain the deformation order value is as follows: a time period TgCB is set, TgCB∈[40,80] minutes; for a vibration isolation unit, the upper quartile value of the equilibrium distance in the most recent TgCB period is defined as the first distance, and when the equilibrium distance under a feedback point is greater than or equal to the first distance, it is defined that the feedback point has an out-of-bounds event;
将同一反馈点下各个隔振单元的均衡距离的最大值记为第二距离；同一反馈点下发生越界事件的隔振单元的数量为该反馈点的越界阶值；若一个反馈点较其前一个和后一个反馈点的越界阶值都大，则定义该反馈点为一阶越界点；以任意一阶越界点作为当前越界点，从当前越界点逆时间方向遍历各个反馈点，直到各个隔振单元均发生越界事件，则定义最后遍历的反馈点为当前越界点的一阶回归点；当前越界点到其对应一阶回归点的各个反馈点构成集合并记为回归集；The maximum value of the equilibrium distance of each vibration isolation unit under the same feedback point is recorded as the second distance; the number of vibration isolation units that have out-of-bounds events under the same feedback point is the out-of-bounds order value of the feedback point; if a feedback point has a larger out-of-bounds order value than the previous and next feedback points, the feedback point is defined as a first-order out-of-bounds point; take any first-order out-of-bounds point as the current out-of-bounds point, traverse each feedback point in the reverse time direction from the current out-of-bounds point until all vibration isolation units have out-of-bounds events, then define the last traversed feedback point as the first-order regression point of the current out-of-bounds point; each feedback point from the current out-of-bounds point to its corresponding first-order regression point constitutes a set and is recorded as a regression set;
以任意隔振单元作为当前隔振单元；根据均衡距离和第二距离计算一阶越界点的骤变比例Ptr:；分别以sc.Olst和sc.Elst代表当前隔振单元在当前越界点的均衡距离和第二距离，分别以e.Olst和e.Elst代表当前隔振单元对应回归集中各个均衡距离和各个第二距离的平均值；计算当前隔振单元的形变阶值SV_Rsk：Take any vibration isolation unit as the current vibration isolation unit; calculate the sudden change ratio Ptr of the first-order crossing point according to the equilibrium distance and the second distance: ; sc.Olst and sc.Elst represent the equilibrium distance and second distance of the current vibration isolation unit at the current crossing point, respectively; e.Olst and e.Elst represent the average values of each equilibrium distance and each second distance in the corresponding regression set of the current vibration isolation unit; calculate the deformation order value SV_Rsk of the current vibration isolation unit:
； ;
其中i1为累加变量，NFR代表回归集的数量，LOPi1为第i1个回归集中反馈点的数量，Ptri1代表第i1个回归集的骤变比例；Xta代表当前隔振单元所有均衡距离的标准差，e为自然常数，Tmp为当前反馈点的均衡距离；e.Olsti1代表第i1个回归集中各个均衡距离的平均值。Where i1 is the cumulative variable, NFR represents the number of regression sets, LOP i1 is the number of feedback points in the i1th regression set, Ptr i1 represents the sudden change ratio of the i1th regression set; Xta represents the standard deviation of all equilibrium distances of the current vibration isolation unit, e is a natural constant, Tmp is the equilibrium distance of the current feedback point; e.Olst i1 represents the average value of each equilibrium distance in the i1th regression set.
由于形变阶值是通过对各个均衡距离进行分类筛选后计算获得，有效地将隔振单元下的均衡距离量化形成数据，然而在连续的均衡距离变化较小的情况下，利用上述方法所算出的形变阶值可能会出现量化程度不足的现象，这是因为这个方法对差异较小的数据具有较弱的敏感性，无法较为准确地分类筛选这类数据，导致处理所得的形变阶值出现欠拟合问题，而目前尚未存在可行的技术来弥补这个方法带来的量化不足现象，为消除均衡距离变化较小导致分类筛选不合理对形变阶值计算出现欠拟合的影响，本发明提出了一个更优选的方案：Since the deformation order value is calculated by classifying and screening each equilibrium distance, the equilibrium distance under the vibration isolation unit is effectively quantified to form data. However, when the continuous equilibrium distance changes slightly, the deformation order value calculated by the above method may be insufficiently quantified. This is because this method has a weaker sensitivity to data with smaller differences and cannot classify and screen such data more accurately, resulting in an under-fitting problem in the processed deformation order value. At present, there is no feasible technology to compensate for the insufficient quantization caused by this method. In order to eliminate the influence of unreasonable classification and screening caused by small changes in equilibrium distance on the under-fitting of deformation order value calculation, the present invention proposes a more preferred solution:
进一步地，其特征在于，在步骤S300中，根据均衡距离进行筏架形变分析获得形变阶值的方法是：设定一个时间段TgCA，TgCA∈[10,30]分钟，以任意隔振单元作为当前隔振单元；获取当前隔振单元TgCA时间段内不同反馈点下均衡距离的值形成一个序列记作形变分析序列；将形变分析序列内极大值和极小值所对应的反馈点分别记作险变反馈点和稳变反馈点；将险变反馈点和稳变反馈点定义为第一条件时刻；计算获得形变分析序列内小于上四分位的各个均衡距离的平均值记作稳形距离；获取任一反馈点下均衡距离与稳形距离的差值并取绝对值，然后将其与稳形距离相除得到比值，将该比值记作反馈点的形变阈比；Further, it is characterized in that, in step S300, the method for performing deformation analysis of the raft according to the equilibrium distance to obtain the deformation order value is as follows: set a time period TgCA, TgCA∈[10,30] minutes, and take any vibration isolation unit as the current vibration isolation unit; obtain the values of the equilibrium distance at different feedback points in the time period TgCA of the current vibration isolation unit to form a sequence recorded as a deformation analysis sequence; record the feedback points corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value in the deformation analysis sequence as dangerous feedback points and stable feedback points respectively; define the dangerous feedback points and the stable feedback points as the first conditional moment; calculate and obtain the average value of each equilibrium distance less than the upper quartile in the deformation analysis sequence and record it as the stable distance; obtain the difference between the equilibrium distance and the stable distance at any feedback point and take the absolute value, then divide it by the stable distance to obtain a ratio, and record the ratio as the deformation threshold ratio of the feedback point;
若以当前反馈点逆时间搜索获得的首个第一条件时刻为稳变反馈点，则将其作为压变起点，否则将当前反馈点作为压变起点；以压变起点逆时间顺序遍历各个反馈点划分压变区间：将压变起点与遍历反馈点的均衡距离作差并取绝对值，再与遍历反馈点下的均衡距离相除，所得值为遍历反馈点的子形变阈比，当子形变阈比不小于压变起点的形变阈比，或者遍历反馈点为险变反馈点，则停止遍历并将遍历反馈点作为压变终点，将压变起点与压变终点之间的各个反馈点划分为一个压变区间；若压变终点不为险变反馈点，则定义其逆时间方向的首个反馈点为新的压变起点，否则定义其逆时间方向的首个稳变反馈点为新的压变起点，继续在形变分析序列内划分压变区间；If the first first conditional moment obtained by reverse time search of the current feedback point is a stable change feedback point, it is used as the starting point of compression change, otherwise the current feedback point is used as the starting point of compression change; the compression change interval is divided by traversing each feedback point in reverse time order from the starting point of compression change: the difference between the equilibrium distance between the starting point of compression change and the traversed feedback point is taken as the absolute value, and then divided by the equilibrium distance under the traversed feedback point. The obtained value is the sub-deformation threshold ratio of the traversed feedback point. When the sub-deformation threshold ratio is not less than the deformation threshold ratio of the starting point of compression change, or the traversed feedback point is a dangerous change feedback point, the traversal is stopped and the traversed feedback point is used as the end point of compression change, and each feedback point between the starting point of compression change and the end point of compression change is divided into a compression change interval; if the end point of compression change is not a dangerous change feedback point, the first feedback point in the reverse time direction is defined as the new starting point of compression change, otherwise the first stable change feedback point in the reverse time direction is defined as the new starting point of compression change, and the compression change interval is continued to be divided in the deformation analysis sequence;
获取任一压变区间内各个均衡距离，将其中的中位值与稳形距离的差值作为该压变区间的压衡差距；若压变区间的压衡差距小于零，则将该压变区间内各个均衡距离的最大值与稳形距离的均方根值记为第一形变参，否则将该压变区间内各个均衡距离的最小值与稳形距离的均方根值记为第一形变参，将第一形变参与压变区间极差的比值记作变距调整系数；Obtain each equilibrium distance in any compression interval, and take the difference between the median value and the stable shape distance as the pressure balance gap of the compression interval; if the pressure balance gap of the compression interval is less than zero, then the maximum value of each equilibrium distance in the compression interval and the root mean square value of the stable shape distance are recorded as the first deformation parameter, otherwise, the minimum value of each equilibrium distance in the compression interval and the root mean square value of the stable shape distance are recorded as the first deformation parameter, and the ratio of the first deformation to the extreme difference of the compression interval is recorded as the variable distance adjustment coefficient;
对当前隔振单元的任一压变区间，分别获取各个隔振单元在该压变区间的极差记为压变负载，将各个隔振单元的压变负载的平均值和最大值记为负载阈值和负载基值，若当前隔振单元在该压变区间的压变负载大于负载阈值，则定义该压变区间为增压区间，当前隔振单元在增压区间的增压负载为的负载基值与压变负载的差值；For any pressure variation interval of the current vibration isolation unit, obtain the extreme difference of each vibration isolation unit in the pressure variation interval and record it as the pressure variation load, record the average value and the maximum value of the pressure variation load of each vibration isolation unit as the load threshold and the load base value, if the pressure variation load of the current vibration isolation unit in the pressure variation interval is greater than the load threshold, then define the pressure variation interval as a boost interval, and the boost load of the current vibration isolation unit in the boost interval is the difference between the load base value and the pressure variation load;
通过增压负载和变距调整系数计算隔振单元的形变阶值SV_Rsk：The deformation order value SV_Rsk of the vibration isolation unit is calculated by the boost load and the variable pitch adjustment coefficient:
； ;
其中j1为增压区间的序号，j2为压变区间的序号，SrqTLj1和SrqTLj2分别为第j1个增压区间和第j2个压变区间的变距调整系数，TvdnQ为形变分析序列内不属于压变区间的各个反馈点下的均衡距离的平均值，LBDj1为除第j1个增压区间的增压负载，exp()为以自然数e为底数的指数函数；sqrt()为平方根函数，通过平方根函数返回调用值的平方根值；mean{}为平均值函数，通过平均值函数返回调用数据集的平均值；exp()为自然常数e为底数的指数函数；Wherein, j1 is the serial number of the supercharging interval, j2 is the serial number of the pressure change interval, SrqTL j1 and SrqTL j2 are the variable distance adjustment coefficients of the j1th supercharging interval and the j2th pressure change interval respectively, TvdnQ is the average value of the equilibrium distance under each feedback point that does not belong to the pressure change interval in the deformation analysis sequence, LBD j1 is the supercharging load except the j1th supercharging interval, exp() is an exponential function with the natural number e as the base; sqrt() is a square root function, which returns the square root value of the calling value through the square root function; mean{} is an average value function, which returns the average value of the calling data set through the average value function; exp() is an exponential function with the natural constant e as the base;
有益效果：由于形变阶值是通过在柔性筏架配置的气囊隔振器上安装的压力传感数据进行实时分析，高效量化了基于柔性筏架的船舶轴系支撑结构在外界刺激中发生的形变风险，为识别和防范柔性支撑形变引起的轴承变位等轴系故障提供可靠数理支撑，为降低单独考虑轴系本身受外界影响引起故障的诊断误差风险提供分析依据。Beneficial effects: Since the deformation order value is analyzed in real time through the pressure sensor data installed on the airbag isolator configured on the flexible raft, the deformation risk of the ship shafting support structure based on the flexible raft under external stimulation is efficiently quantified, providing reliable mathematical support for identifying and preventing shafting failures such as bearing displacement caused by flexible support deformation, and providing an analytical basis for reducing the risk of diagnostic error caused by considering only the shafting itself affected by external factors.
进一步地，在步骤S400中根据形变阶值向客户端进行轴系形变预警的方法是：把所有隔振单元在同一个反馈点下获得的形变阶值构成元组并记为该反馈点的形变风险组；任一形变风险组内各个元素的平均值和极差分别记为风险组水平和风险组振幅；预设第一时间区间TSZ,TSZ∈[1,2]小时；预设第二时间区间TSZ_S为TSZ_S＝1/4×TSZ；Furthermore, in step S400, the method for providing shaft deformation warning to the client according to the deformation order value is as follows: the deformation order values obtained by all vibration isolation units at the same feedback point are formed into a tuple and recorded as the deformation risk group of the feedback point; the average value and the range of each element in any deformation risk group are recorded as the risk group level and the risk group amplitude respectively; the first time interval TSZ is preset, TSZ∈[1,2] hours; the second time interval TSZ_S is preset as TSZ_S=1/4×TSZ;
定义任一反馈点前TSZ时段中各风险组水平的平均值为风险组基值；若一个反馈点的风险组水平大于风险组基值，并且该反馈点较其前一个反馈点的风险组水平大，则定义该反馈点满足第一异常条件；若一个反馈点较其前一个反馈点的风险组振幅大，则定义该反馈点发生振幅增溢；定义任一反馈点前TSZ_S时段内各反馈点中，发生振幅增溢的反馈点的比例为增益比例；Define the average value of each risk group level in the TSZ period before any feedback point as the risk group base value; if the risk group level of a feedback point is greater than the risk group base value, and the risk group level of this feedback point is greater than that of the previous feedback point, then this feedback point is defined to meet the first abnormal condition; if the risk group amplitude of a feedback point is greater than that of the previous feedback point, then this feedback point is defined to have amplitude overflow; define the proportion of feedback points that have amplitude overflow among all feedback points in the TSZ_S period before any feedback point as the gain proportion;
如果当前反馈点的增益比例较其前TSZ_S时段内所有增益比例都大，则向管理员的客户端发送轴系形变预警；将当前反馈点的形变风险组作为实时组，将当前TSZ时段内各个满足第一异常条件的反馈点对应形变风险组作为观测组，将实时组和观测组发送到管理员客户端。If the gain ratio of the current feedback point is larger than all the gain ratios in the previous TSZ_S period, an axis deformation warning is sent to the administrator's client; the deformation risk group of the current feedback point is used as the real-time group, and the deformation risk group corresponding to each feedback point that meets the first abnormal condition in the current TSZ period is used as the observation group, and the real-time group and the observation group are sent to the administrator's client.
进一步地，服务器通过搜集的实时组和观测组进行机器学习模型建立，其中机器学习模型为梯度提升树模型或者支持向量机模型；通过构建模型可进一步提升预警精确性。Furthermore, the server establishes a machine learning model through the collected real-time group and observation group, wherein the machine learning model is a gradient boosting tree model or a support vector machine model; by constructing the model, the accuracy of the warning can be further improved.
优选地，其中，本发明中所有未定义的变量，若未有明确定义，均可为人工设置的阈值。Preferably, all undefined variables in the present invention, if not clearly defined, can be manually set thresholds.
本发明还提供了一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测系统，所述一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测系统包括：处理器、存储器及存储在所述存储器中并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现所述一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测方法中的步骤，所述一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测系统可以运行于桌上型计算机、笔记本电脑、掌上电脑及云端数据中心等计算设备中，可运行的系统可包括，但不仅限于，处理器、存储器、服务器集群，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序运行在以下系统的单元中：The present invention also provides a monitoring system for a ship shaft support structure, the monitoring system for a ship shaft support structure comprising: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps in the monitoring method for a ship shaft support structure when executing the computer program, the monitoring system for a ship shaft support structure can be run in computing devices such as desktop computers, notebook computers, PDAs, and cloud data centers, the executable system may include, but is not limited to, a processor, a memory, and a server cluster, the processor executing the computer program runs in the following system units:
传感器预设单元，用于在船舶轴系中识别各个气囊隔振器，以气囊隔振器作为隔振单元，分别在隔振单元上布置压力传感器；A sensor preset unit is used to identify each airbag vibration isolator in the ship shaft system, use the airbag vibration isolator as a vibration isolation unit, and arrange pressure sensors on the vibration isolation units respectively;
数据测量单元，用于利用压力传感器测量获得测量值，并根据测量值计算各个隔振单元的均衡距离；A data measurement unit, used to obtain measurement values by using a pressure sensor, and calculate the equilibrium distance of each vibration isolation unit according to the measurement values;
形变分析单元，用于根据均衡距离进行筏架形变分析获得形变阶值；A deformation analysis unit, used for performing deformation analysis of the raft according to the equilibrium distance to obtain a deformation order value;
预警触发单元，用于根据形变阶值向客户端进行轴系形变预警。The early warning trigger unit is used to issue an early warning of shaft system deformation to the client according to the deformation order value.
本发明的有益效果为：本发明提供一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测方法及系统，通过在柔性筏架配置的气囊隔振器上安装的压力传感数据进行实时分析，高效量化了基于柔性筏架的船舶轴系支撑结构在外界刺激中发生的形变风险，为识别和防范柔性支撑形变引起的轴承变位等轴系故障提供可靠数理支撑，为降低单独考虑轴系本身受外界影响引起故障的诊断误差风险提供分析依据。通过对柔性结构的适应性分析程度完善，对船舶轴系内部结构中柔性支撑对轴系的直接影响进行实时监测，进而提高了支撑的轴系的稳定性，保证船舶推进系统的安全性可长期运行下的船舶轴系状态稳定。The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a monitoring method and system for a ship shafting support structure, which effectively quantifies the deformation risk of a ship shafting support structure based on a flexible raft frame under external stimulation by performing real-time analysis on the pressure sensor data installed on the airbag isolator configured on the flexible raft frame, provides reliable mathematical support for identifying and preventing shafting failures such as bearing displacement caused by deformation of the flexible support, and provides an analytical basis for reducing the risk of diagnostic errors caused by considering the shafting system itself under external influences alone. By improving the adaptability analysis degree of the flexible structure, the direct influence of the flexible support on the shafting system in the internal structure of the ship shafting system is monitored in real time, thereby improving the stability of the supported shafting system, ensuring the safety of the ship propulsion system and the stability of the ship shafting system under long-term operation.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
通过对结合附图所示出的实施方式进行详细说明，本发明的上述以及其他特征将更加明显，本发明附图中相同的参考标号表示相同或相似的元素，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图，在附图中：The above and other features of the present invention will become more obvious by describing in detail the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the present invention represent the same or similar elements. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without creative work. In the accompanying drawings:
图1所示为一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测方法的流程图；FIG1 is a flow chart showing a method for monitoring a ship shafting support structure;
图2所示为一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测系统结构图。FIG. 2 shows a structural diagram of a monitoring system for a ship shafting support structure.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下将结合实施例和附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整的描述，以充分地理解本发明的目的、方案和效果。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。The following will be combined with the embodiments and drawings to clearly and completely describe the concept, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention, so as to fully understand the purpose, scheme and effect of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other without conflict.
如图1所示为一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测方法的流程图，下面结合图1来阐述根据本发明的实施方式的一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for monitoring a ship shaft support structure. The following describes a method for monitoring a ship shaft support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with FIG. 1 . The method includes the following steps:
S100，在船舶轴系中识别各个气囊隔振器，以气囊隔振器作为隔振单元，分别在隔振单元上布置压力传感器；S100, identifying each airbag vibration isolator in the ship shaft system, using the airbag vibration isolator as a vibration isolation unit, and arranging pressure sensors on the vibration isolation units respectively;
S200，利用压力传感器测量获得测量值，并根据测量值计算各个隔振单元的均衡距离；S200, obtaining a measurement value by using a pressure sensor, and calculating a balance distance of each vibration isolation unit according to the measurement value;
S300，根据均衡距离进行筏架形变分析获得形变阶值；S300, performing deformation analysis of the raft according to the equilibrium distance to obtain a deformation order value;
S400，根据形变阶值向客户端进行轴系形变预警。S400: Provide shaft deformation warning to the client according to the deformation order value.
进一步地，在步骤S100中，在船舶轴系中识别各个气囊隔振器，以气囊隔振器作为隔振单元，分别在隔振单元上布置压力传感器的方法是：船舶的轴系安装在柔性筏架上，柔性筏架的肋板或者下板安装有若干个气囊隔振器，以安装在下板的气囊隔振器作为隔振单元，分别在各个隔振单元上布置压力传感器；其中气囊隔振器包括鼓型橡胶气囊隔振器和长圆形囊式气囊隔振器中的任意一种；在每个气囊隔振器的位置均安装一个压力传感器；压力传感器为荷重传感器、应力传感器或压电式传感器中的任意一种。Further, in step S100, each airbag isolator is identified in the ship's shafting, and the airbag isolator is used as a vibration isolation unit. The method of arranging pressure sensors on the vibration isolation units is as follows: the ship's shafting is installed on a flexible raft, and a plurality of airbag isolators are installed on the ribs or lower plates of the flexible raft, and the airbag isolator installed on the lower plate is used as the vibration isolation unit, and pressure sensors are arranged on each vibration isolation unit; wherein the airbag isolator includes any one of a drum-type rubber airbag isolator and an oblong bag airbag isolator; a pressure sensor is installed at the position of each airbag isolator; and the pressure sensor is any one of a load sensor, a stress sensor or a piezoelectric sensor.
其中柔性筏架为支撑轴系的柔性结构，包括主体和气囊隔振器，主体为钢质材料，包括上板、下板和肋板，其中上板、下板和肋板上设有孔槽用以安装轴系和气囊隔振器，轴系安装于主体的上板；主体四周的肋板和下板安装有若干个气囊隔振器，其中安装在下板的气囊隔振器一端连接筏架主体，另一端连接于船舶船体的钢板上，通过压力传感器测量气囊隔振器两端压力，即通过压力传感器获得气囊隔振器所受的压力值。The flexible raft is a flexible structure supporting the shaft system, including a main body and an airbag isolator. The main body is made of steel material, including an upper plate, a lower plate and a rib plate. The upper plate, the lower plate and the rib plate are provided with holes and grooves for installing the shaft system and the airbag isolator. The shaft system is installed on the upper plate of the main body; the rib plates and the lower plate around the main body are installed with a number of airbag isolators, wherein one end of the airbag isolator installed on the lower plate is connected to the raft main body, and the other end is connected to the steel plate of the ship hull. The pressure at both ends of the airbag isolator is measured by a pressure sensor, that is, the pressure value of the airbag isolator is obtained by the pressure sensor.
进一步地，在步骤S200中，利用压力传感器测量获得测量值，并根据测量值计算各个隔振单元的均衡距离的方法是：各个隔振单元通过压力传感器实时测量获得测量值；若一个时刻较其前一个时刻和其后一个时刻的测量值都大，则定义该时刻发生压力攀升；设定一个时间段作为反馈间隔RT,RT∈[1,3]分钟，每隔一个反馈间隔定义一个时刻为反馈点，定义一个反馈点与其逆时间方向的首个反馈点之间的时间区间为该反馈点的反馈区间；获取反馈区间内各个发生压力攀升的时刻对应的测量值，并计算所得各个测量值的平均值作为攀升期望，获取反馈区间内各个测量值的平均值为均衡期望；将攀升期望与均衡期望的比值记为攀升比例Ovt，将同一反馈点下各个隔振单元的攀升比例的平均值记为攀升均衡度e.Ovt,则该反馈点下任一隔振单元的均衡距离Bds为：Bds＝ln(1+Ovt/e.Ovt)。Further, in step S200, the method of obtaining the measured value by using the pressure sensor and calculating the equilibrium distance of each vibration isolation unit according to the measured value is as follows: each vibration isolation unit obtains the measured value by real-time measurement through the pressure sensor; if the measured value at a moment is larger than the measured value at the previous moment and the measured value at the next moment, it is defined that the pressure rise occurs at the moment; a time period is set as the feedback interval RT, RT∈[1,3] minutes, a moment is defined as a feedback point every other feedback interval, and the time interval between a feedback point and the first feedback point in the reverse time direction is defined as the feedback interval of the feedback point; the measured values corresponding to the moments when the pressure rise occurs in the feedback interval are obtained, and the average value of each measured value is calculated as the climbing expectation, and the average value of each measured value in the feedback interval is obtained as the equilibrium expectation; the ratio of the climbing expectation to the equilibrium expectation is recorded as the climbing ratio Ovt, and the average value of the climbing ratios of each vibration isolation unit at the same feedback point is recorded as the climbing balance e.Ovt, then the equilibrium distance Bds of any vibration isolation unit at the feedback point is: Bds＝ln(1+Ovt/e.Ovt).
其中Ovt指的是该隔振单元的攀升比例。Ovt refers to the climbing ratio of the vibration isolation unit.
进一步地，在步骤S300中，根据均衡距离进行筏架形变分析获得形变阶值的方法是：设定一个时间段TgCB，TgCB∈[40,80]分钟；对于一个隔振单元，定义其在最近TgCB时段中均衡距离的上四分位值为第一距离，当一个反馈点下的均衡距离大于等于第一距离则定义该反馈点发生越界事件；Further, in step S300, the method for performing deformation analysis of the raft according to the equilibrium distance to obtain the deformation order value is as follows: a time period TgCB is set, TgCB∈[40,80] minutes; for a vibration isolation unit, the upper quartile value of the equilibrium distance in the most recent TgCB period is defined as the first distance, and when the equilibrium distance under a feedback point is greater than or equal to the first distance, it is defined that the feedback point has an out-of-bounds event;
其中最近TgCB时段指的是当前时刻逆时间反向时间长度为TgCB的时间段；The most recent TgCB period refers to the period of time with a reverse time length of TgCB at the current moment;
将同一反馈点下各个隔振单元的均衡距离的最大值记为第二距离；同一反馈点下发生越界事件的隔振单元的数量为该反馈点的越界阶值；若一个反馈点较其前一个和后一个反馈点的越界阶值都大，则定义该反馈点为一阶越界点；以任意一阶越界点作为当前越界点，从当前越界点逆时间方向遍历各个反馈点，直到各个隔振单元均发生越界事件，则定义最后遍历的反馈点为当前越界点的一阶回归点；当前越界点到其对应一阶回归点的各个反馈点构成集合并记为回归集；回归集中反馈点的数量记为LOP；The maximum value of the equilibrium distance of each vibration isolation unit under the same feedback point is recorded as the second distance; the number of vibration isolation units that have out-of-bounds events under the same feedback point is the out-of-bounds order value of the feedback point; if a feedback point has a larger out-of-bounds order value than the previous and next feedback points, the feedback point is defined as a first-order out-of-bounds point; take any first-order out-of-bounds point as the current out-of-bounds point, traverse each feedback point in the reverse time direction from the current out-of-bounds point until all vibration isolation units have out-of-bounds events, then define the last traversed feedback point as the first-order regression point of the current out-of-bounds point; each feedback point from the current out-of-bounds point to its corresponding first-order regression point constitutes a set and is recorded as a regression set; the number of feedback points in the regression set is recorded as LOP;
其中从当前越界点逆时间方向遍历各个反馈点，直到各个隔振单元均发生越界事件指的是，从当前越界点逆时间方向遍历各个反馈点，以正在遍历的反馈点作为进行反馈点，将当前反馈点到进行反馈点之间的所有反馈点作为经遍历反馈点，若所有隔振单元在经遍历反馈点中至少发生一次越界事件，则满足停止遍历条件；The step of traversing each feedback point in reverse time direction from the current out-of-bounds point until an out-of-bounds event occurs in each vibration isolation unit refers to traversing each feedback point in reverse time direction from the current out-of-bounds point, taking the feedback point being traversed as the ongoing feedback point, and taking all feedback points between the current feedback point and the ongoing feedback point as traversed feedback points. If at least one out-of-bounds event occurs in all vibration isolation units in the traversed feedback points, the traversal stop condition is satisfied.
一阶越界点和一阶回归点、回归集均有一一对应关系；There is a one-to-one correspondence between the first-order out-of-bounds points and the first-order regression points and regression sets;
以任意隔振单元作为当前隔振单元；根据均衡距离和第二距离计算一阶越界点的骤变比例Ptr:；分别以sc.Olst和sc.Elst代表当前隔振单元在当前越界点的均衡距离和第二距离，分别以e.Olst和e.Elst代表当前隔振单元对应回归集中各个均衡距离和各个第二距离的平均值；计算当前隔振单元的形变阶值SV_Rsk：Take any vibration isolation unit as the current vibration isolation unit; calculate the sudden change ratio Ptr of the first-order crossing point according to the equilibrium distance and the second distance: ; sc.Olst and sc.Elst represent the equilibrium distance and second distance of the current vibration isolation unit at the current crossing point, respectively; e.Olst and e.Elst represent the average values of each equilibrium distance and each second distance in the corresponding regression set of the current vibration isolation unit; calculate the deformation order value SV_Rsk of the current vibration isolation unit:
； ;
其中i1为累加变量，NFR代表回归集的数量，LOPi1为第i1个回归集中反馈点的数量，Ptri1代表第i1个回归集的骤变比例；Xta代表当前隔振单元所有均衡距离的标准差，e为自然常数，Tmp为当前反馈点的均衡距离；e.Olsti1代表第i1个回归集中各个均衡距离的平均值；其中当前反馈点指的是距离当前时刻最近的反馈点；Where i1 is the cumulative variable, NFR represents the number of regression sets, LOP i1 is the number of feedback points in the i1th regression set, Ptr i1 represents the sudden change ratio of the i1th regression set; Xta represents the standard deviation of all equilibrium distances of the current vibration isolation unit, e is a natural constant, Tmp is the equilibrium distance of the current feedback point; e.Olst i1 represents the average value of each equilibrium distance in the i1th regression set; the current feedback point refers to the feedback point closest to the current moment;
优选地，其特征在于，在步骤S300中，根据均衡距离进行筏架形变分析获得形变阶值的方法是：设定一个时间段TgCA，TgCA∈[10,30]分钟，以任意隔振单元作为当前隔振单元；Preferably, it is characterized in that, in step S300, the method for obtaining the deformation order value by performing deformation analysis of the raft according to the equilibrium distance is: setting a time period TgCA, TgCA∈[10,30] minutes, and taking any vibration isolation unit as the current vibration isolation unit;
其余不为当前隔振单元的隔振单元作为其余隔振单元；The remaining vibration isolation units that are not the current vibration isolation units are regarded as the remaining vibration isolation units;
获取当前隔振单元TgCA时间段内不同反馈点下均衡距离的值形成一个序列记作形变分析序列；将形变分析序列内极大值和极小值所对应的反馈点分别记作险变反馈点和稳变反馈点；将险变反馈点和稳变反馈点定义为第一条件时刻；计算获得形变分析序列内小于上四分位的各个均衡距离的平均值记作稳形距离；获取任一反馈点下均衡距离与稳形距离的差值并取绝对值，然后将其与稳形距离相除得到比值，将该比值记作反馈点的形变阈比；The values of equilibrium distances at different feedback points in the TgCA time period of the current vibration isolation unit are obtained to form a sequence recorded as a deformation analysis sequence; the feedback points corresponding to the maximum and minimum values in the deformation analysis sequence are recorded as dangerous feedback points and stable feedback points respectively; the dangerous feedback points and stable feedback points are defined as the first conditional moments; the average value of each equilibrium distance less than the upper quartile in the deformation analysis sequence is calculated and recorded as the stable distance; the difference between the equilibrium distance and the stable distance at any feedback point is obtained and the absolute value is taken, and then the ratio is obtained by dividing the difference with the stable distance, and the ratio is recorded as the deformation threshold ratio of the feedback point;
若以当前反馈点逆时间搜索获得的首个第一条件时刻为稳变反馈点，则将其作为压变起点，否则将当前反馈点作为压变起点；If the first first condition moment obtained by reverse time search of the current feedback point is the stable change feedback point, it is used as the starting point of the pressure change; otherwise, the current feedback point is used as the starting point of the pressure change;
其中当前反馈点指的是距离当前时刻最近的反馈点；The current feedback point refers to the feedback point closest to the current moment;
以压变起点逆时间顺序遍历各个反馈点划分压变区间：将压变起点与遍历反馈点的均衡距离作差并取绝对值，再与遍历反馈点下的均衡距离相除，所得值为遍历反馈点的子形变阈比，当子形变阈比不小于压变起点的形变阈比，或者遍历反馈点为险变反馈点，则停止遍历并将遍历反馈点作为压变终点，将压变起点与压变终点之间的各个反馈点划分为一个压变区间；若压变终点不为险变反馈点，则定义其逆时间方向的首个反馈点为新的压变起点，否则定义其逆时间方向的首个稳变反馈点为新的压变起点，继续在形变分析序列内划分压变区间；The compression interval is divided by traversing each feedback point in reverse time order from the compression starting point: the difference between the equilibrium distance between the compression starting point and the traversed feedback point is taken as the absolute value, and then divided by the equilibrium distance under the traversed feedback point. The obtained value is the sub-deformation threshold ratio of the traversed feedback point. When the sub-deformation threshold ratio is not less than the deformation threshold ratio of the compression starting point, or the traversed feedback point is a dangerous feedback point, the traversal is stopped and the traversed feedback point is used as the compression end point, and each feedback point between the compression starting point and the compression end point is divided into a compression interval; if the compression end point is not a dangerous feedback point, the first feedback point in the reverse time direction is defined as the new compression starting point, otherwise the first stable feedback point in the reverse time direction is defined as the new compression starting point, and the compression interval is continued to be divided in the deformation analysis sequence;
其中遍历反馈点为正在遍历的反馈点，遍历的反馈点为压变起点逆时间方向搜索的任一反馈点，当压变终点无法获取，则不再划分压变区间；The traversal feedback point is the feedback point being traversed, and the traversal feedback point is any feedback point searched in the reverse time direction from the compression start point. When the compression end point cannot be obtained, the compression interval is no longer divided;
获取任一压变区间内各个均衡距离，将其中的中位值与稳形距离的差值作为该压变区间的压衡差距；若压变区间的压衡差距小于零，则将该压变区间内各个均衡距离的最大值与稳形距离的均方根值记为第一形变参，否则将该压变区间内各个均衡距离的最小值与稳形距离的均方根值记为第一形变参，将第一形变参与压变区间极差的比值记作变距调整系数；Obtain each equilibrium distance in any compression interval, and take the difference between the median value and the stable shape distance as the pressure balance gap of the compression interval; if the pressure balance gap of the compression interval is less than zero, then the maximum value of each equilibrium distance in the compression interval and the root mean square value of the stable shape distance are recorded as the first deformation parameter, otherwise, the minimum value of each equilibrium distance in the compression interval and the root mean square value of the stable shape distance are recorded as the first deformation parameter, and the ratio of the first deformation to the extreme difference of the compression interval is recorded as the variable distance adjustment coefficient;
对当前隔振单元的任一压变区间，分别获取各个隔振单元在该压变区间的极差记为压变负载，将各个隔振单元的压变负载的平均值和最大值记为负载阈值和负载基值，若当前隔振单元在该压变区间的压变负载大于负载阈值，则定义该压变区间为增压区间，当前隔振单元在增压区间的增压负载为的负载基值与压变负载的差值；For any pressure variation interval of the current vibration isolation unit, obtain the extreme difference of each vibration isolation unit in the pressure variation interval and record it as the pressure variation load, record the average value and the maximum value of the pressure variation load of each vibration isolation unit as the load threshold and the load base value, if the pressure variation load of the current vibration isolation unit in the pressure variation interval is greater than the load threshold, then define the pressure variation interval as a boost interval, and the boost load of the current vibration isolation unit in the boost interval is the difference between the load base value and the pressure variation load;
此处压变负载指的是当前隔振单元在该增压区间的压变负载；The pressure-dependent load here refers to the pressure-dependent load of the current vibration isolation unit in the pressurization range;
通过增压负载和变距调整系数计算隔振单元的形变阶值SV_Rsk：The deformation order value SV_Rsk of the vibration isolation unit is calculated by the boost load and the variable pitch adjustment coefficient:
； ;
其中j1为增压区间的序号，j2为压变区间的序号，SrqTLj1和SrqTLj2分别为第j1个增压区间和第j2个压变区间的变距调整系数，TvdnQ为形变分析序列内不属于压变区间的各个反馈点下的均衡距离的平均值，LBDj1为除第j1个增压区间的增压负载，exp()为以自然数e为底数的指数函数；sqrt()为平方根函数，通过平方根函数返回调用值的平方根值；mean{}为平均值函数，通过平均值函数返回调用数据集的平均值；exp()为自然常数e为底数的指数函数；Wherein, j1 is the serial number of the supercharging interval, j2 is the serial number of the pressure change interval, SrqTL j1 and SrqTL j2 are the variable distance adjustment coefficients of the j1th supercharging interval and the j2th pressure change interval respectively, TvdnQ is the average value of the equilibrium distance under each feedback point that does not belong to the pressure change interval in the deformation analysis sequence, LBD j1 is the supercharging load except the j1th supercharging interval, exp() is an exponential function with the natural number e as the base; sqrt() is a square root function, which returns the square root value of the calling value through the square root function; mean{} is an average value function, which returns the average value of the calling data set through the average value function; exp() is an exponential function with the natural constant e as the base;
进一步地，在步骤S400中根据形变阶值向客户端进行轴系形变预警的方法是：把所有隔振单元在同一个反馈点下获得的形变阶值构成元组并记为该反馈点的形变风险组；任一形变风险组内各个元素的平均值和极差分别记为风险组水平和风险组振幅；预设第一时间区间TSZ,TSZ∈[1,2]小时；预设第二时间区间TSZ_S为TSZ_S＝1/4×TSZ；Furthermore, in step S400, the method for providing shaft deformation warning to the client according to the deformation order value is as follows: the deformation order values obtained by all vibration isolation units at the same feedback point are formed into a tuple and recorded as the deformation risk group of the feedback point; the average value and the range of each element in any deformation risk group are recorded as the risk group level and the risk group amplitude respectively; the first time interval TSZ is preset, TSZ∈[1,2] hours; the second time interval TSZ_S is preset as TSZ_S=1/4×TSZ;
定义任一反馈点前TSZ时段中各风险组水平的平均值为风险组基值；若一个反馈点的风险组水平大于风险组基值，并且该反馈点较其前一个反馈点的风险组水平大，则定义该反馈点满足第一异常条件；若一个反馈点较其前一个反馈点的风险组振幅大，则定义该反馈点发生振幅增溢；定义任一反馈点前TSZ_S时段内各反馈点中，发生振幅增溢的反馈点的比例为增益比例；Define the average value of each risk group level in the TSZ period before any feedback point as the risk group base value; if the risk group level of a feedback point is greater than the risk group base value, and the risk group level of this feedback point is greater than that of the previous feedback point, then this feedback point is defined to meet the first abnormal condition; if the risk group amplitude of a feedback point is greater than that of the previous feedback point, then this feedback point is defined to have amplitude overflow; define the proportion of feedback points that have amplitude overflow among all feedback points in the TSZ_S period before any feedback point as the gain proportion;
如果当前反馈点的增益比例较其前TSZ_S时段内所有增益比例都大，则向管理员的客户端发送轴系形变预警；将当前反馈点的形变风险组作为实时组，将当前TSZ时段内各个满足第一异常条件的反馈点对应形变风险组作为观测组，将实时组和观测组发送到管理员客户端。If the gain ratio of the current feedback point is larger than all the gain ratios in the previous TSZ_S period, an axis deformation warning is sent to the administrator's client; the deformation risk group of the current feedback point is used as the real-time group, and the deformation risk group corresponding to each feedback point that meets the first abnormal condition in the current TSZ period is used as the observation group, and the real-time group and the observation group are sent to the administrator's client.
本发明的实施例提供的一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测系统，如图2所示为本发明的一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测系统结构图，该实施例的一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测系统包括：处理器、存储器以及存储在所述存储器中并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现上述一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测方法实施例中的步骤。A monitoring system for a ship shafting support structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG2 which is a structural diagram of a monitoring system for a ship shafting support structure of the present invention. The monitoring system for a ship shafting support structure of this embodiment includes: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps in the above-mentioned embodiment of a monitoring method for a ship shafting support structure are implemented.
所述系统包括：存储器、处理器以及存储在所述存储器中并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序运行在以下系统的单元中：The system comprises: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to run in the following units of the system:
传感器预设单元，用于在船舶轴系中识别各个气囊隔振器，以气囊隔振器作为隔振单元，分别在隔振单元上布置压力传感器；A sensor preset unit is used to identify each airbag vibration isolator in the ship shaft system, use the airbag vibration isolator as a vibration isolation unit, and arrange pressure sensors on the vibration isolation units respectively;
数据测量单元，用于利用压力传感器测量获得测量值，并根据测量值计算各个隔振单元的均衡距离；A data measurement unit, used to obtain measurement values by using a pressure sensor, and calculate the equilibrium distance of each vibration isolation unit according to the measurement values;
形变分析单元，用于根据均衡距离进行筏架形变分析获得形变阶值；A deformation analysis unit, used for performing deformation analysis of the raft according to the equilibrium distance to obtain a deformation order value;
预警触发单元，用于根据形变阶值向客户端进行轴系形变预警。The early warning trigger unit is used to issue an early warning of shaft system deformation to the client according to the deformation order value.
所述一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测系统可以运行于桌上型计算机、笔记本电脑、掌上电脑及云端服务器等计算设备中。所述一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测系统，可运行的系统可包括，但不仅限于，处理器、存储器。本领域技术人员可以理解，所述例子仅仅是一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测系统的示例，并不构成对一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测系统的限定，可以包括比例子更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者不同的部件，例如所述一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测系统还可以包括输入输出设备、网络接入设备、总线等。The monitoring system for a ship shaft support structure can be run on computing devices such as desktop computers, laptop computers, PDAs, and cloud servers. The monitoring system for a ship shaft support structure can include, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the example is merely an example of a monitoring system for a ship shaft support structure, and does not constitute a limitation on a monitoring system for a ship shaft support structure. The example may include more or fewer components than the example, or a combination of certain components, or different components. For example, the monitoring system for a ship shaft support structure may also include input and output devices, network access devices, buses, and the like.
所称处理器可以是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit，CPU)，还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器 (Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列 (Field-Programmable Gate Array，FPGA) 或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等，所述处理器是所述一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测系统运行系统的控制中心，利用各种接口和线路连接整个一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测系统可运行系统的各个部分。The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The processor is the control center of the operating system of the monitoring system for the ship shafting support structure, and uses various interfaces and lines to connect the various parts of the entire operating system of the monitoring system for the ship shafting support structure.
所述存储器可用于存储所述计算机程序和/或模块，所述处理器通过运行或执行存储在所述存储器内的计算机程序和/或模块，以及调用存储在存储器内的数据，实现所述一种船舶轴系支撑结构的监测系统的各种功能。所述存储器可主要包括存储程序区和存储数据区，其中，存储程序区可存储操作系统、至少一个功能所需的应用程序（比如声音播放功能、图像播放功能等）等；存储数据区可存储根据手机的使用所创建的数据（比如音频数据、电话本等）等。此外，存储器可以包括高速随机存取存储器，还可以包括非易失性存储器，例如硬盘、内存、插接式硬盘，智能存储卡（Smart Media Card, SMC），安全数字（SecureDigital, SD）卡，闪存卡（Flash Card）、至少一个磁盘存储器件、闪存器件、或其他易失性固态存储器件。The memory can be used to store the computer program and/or module, and the processor realizes various functions of the monitoring system of the ship shaft support structure by running or executing the computer program and/or module stored in the memory and calling the data stored in the memory. The memory can mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area can store an operating system, an application required for at least one function (such as a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.), etc.; the data storage area can store data created according to the use of the mobile phone (such as audio data, a phone book, etc.), etc. In addition, the memory can include a high-speed random access memory, and can also include a non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (SecureDigital, SD) card, a flash card (Flash Card), at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage devices.
尽管本发明的描述已经相当详尽且特别对几个所述实施例进行了描述，但其并非旨在局限于任何这些细节或实施例或任何特殊实施例，从而有效地涵盖本发明的预定范围。此外，上文以发明人可预见的实施例对本发明进行描述，其目的是为了提供有用的描述，而那些目前尚未预见的对本发明的非实质性改动仍可代表本发明的等效改动。Although the description of the present invention has been quite detailed and has been described in particular with respect to several described embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to any of these details or embodiments or any particular embodiment, so as to effectively cover the intended scope of the present invention. In addition, the present invention is described above with the embodiments foreseeable by the inventors, and its purpose is to provide a useful description, and those non-substantial changes to the present invention that are not currently foreseen may still represent equivalent changes of the present invention.
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