CN1179809A

CN1179809A - Pre-cast building methods and components

Info

Publication number: CN1179809A
Application number: CN 96192866
Authority: CN
Inventors: M·O·A·L·B·雅扎尔
Original assignee: DON TRUST, University of, Trustees of
Current assignee: DON TRUST, University of, Trustees of
Priority date: 1995-02-07
Filing date: 1996-01-24
Publication date: 1998-04-22

Abstract

Methods of joining pre-cast building units (76A, 76B) of U-shaped cross section are disclosed in the invention, including earthquake-attenuating joints, and combinations of the above building units and support pillars for forming large open-plan areas. Methods of incorporating insulation or lightweight foamed material into the wall and horizontal panels of the units are also disclosed.

Description

The method of pre-cast building and member

The background of invention

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the Modular building member in the precast concrete, this member is such as being disclosed in my United States Patent (USP) of announcing on January 21st, 1,992 5,081,805 " precast concrete building unit and manufacture method thereof " in the past.Patent before me has disclosed the precast concrete building unit of the free-standing that a kind of cross section takes the shape of the letter U, it comprises top or the web that is plane substantially, stretch out at the opposed end of this top or web a pair of isolated, the flange or the shank of basic keeping parallelism.The bottom of above-mentioned shank is provided with the protruding and/or recessed parts that cooperatively interact, thereby so that form the first half and the Lower Half in room in that two identical members are assembled together with the mutual inverse manner of their shank, or cutting off of interlocking is provided during sidewall.The outside apical margin of each unit is formed with and cooperatively interacts, rectangle protuberance that is arranged alternately and recess with the adjacent top of convenient identical components during along the diagonal upside down adjacent edge lock mutually.

Description of the invention

The applicant has developed a kind of connection and manufacture method with building unit of significant improvement, and above-mentioned building unit has stability and the intensity that improves greatly.Particularly, the 1st aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of claim 1 or the 3 described linkages that are arranged between the building unit.This linkage provides a kind of unique way that building unit is connected in stacked mode, thereby can form the combining structure of building unit, this combining structure can be born less earthquake or hurricane fully, can make the dislocation of said structure or destruction drop to minimum degree under the situation that more serious earthquake takes place.Such scheme can be to the fastening devices in the building unit, deposits article and the inhabitation personnel provide protection, and guarantees the integrity of building unit itself.

Above-mentioned member interconnects in the following manner, and this mode is intended to produce between the member syndeton, and this syndeton is surrendered before reaching the numerical value that can cause damage to the globality of primary structure member at the stress on the building unit.Such as, above-mentioned member can be installed on the rubber pad of rectangle, and this rubber pad absorbs the less motion that earthquake produces, and above-mentioned member also can connect by high-strength bolt, and this bolt is used for surrendering before the breakdown point of concrete component.

In the manner described above, the invention provides the stage of 3 protections: i.e. cutting off of bolt, member relatively moves on its rubber pad, and rubber pad breaks at last.After earthquake, member is alignd again, the replaceable if desired rubber pad that can bear heavy duty.The bolt that stops rubber pad to move also can be cut off, so must change it.

In a preferred embodiment, flat board is connected on each member at the Kong Zhongyong in their bights bolt.Above-mentioned flat board is porose, and this hole is used to receive the safetybolt between the building unit, thereby the block rubber or the pad that will be adhered to the weight between the above-mentioned flat board are clamped.Therefore, design makes that above-mentioned bolt is cut off under the situation that member takes place laterally to move like this, absorb energy, if also have not used up energy afterwards, then by making rubber pad produce distortion, above-mentioned member can be further along laterally moving relative to each other on this rubber pad.Each stage all absorbs seismic energy, eliminate stress, otherwise this power can act on whole body of wall originally on one's body.This farthest reduces the dislocation and the destruction of member.In other words, above-mentioned connector can destroy before any broken ring takes place member itself gradually.

Alternative coupling arrangement between member comprises the 1st crank, under the situation that earthquake takes place, this crank aligns with horizontal ground moving direction, said apparatus also can comprise the 2nd crank selectively, this crank is supported on the 1st crank, further horizontal ground is moved to be converted to the vertical mobile of building unit.

For any later earthquake, above-mentioned seismic attenuation system can reload automatically, or starting.If seismic energy does not surpass the limiting value of attenuating device, then can need not under the situation of crane, attenuation part can make the position before building unit returns to initial earthquake, does not need crane that building unit is stacked together again and do not resemble many existing situations.In addition, when each earthquake, need not parts place under repair or replacing.

The others of the present invention that claim 7 and 9 is limited are to provide the floor and the wallboard of a kind of lightweight and/or isolated property.This floor and wallboard are made like this, comprise the laminboard layer than low-density (such as polystyrene foam) or barrier material, and the thickness of this laminboard layer is generally 2～6 inch (50～100mm).For given weight, above-mentioned member can be made thicklyer, thereby obtains bigger rigidity and intensity.Lighter member also can reduce the inertia of building, and then reduces seimic active force.

In one embodiment, polystyrene foam plate has isolated hole, and the diameter in this hole is about 5 inches (13mm), and the center to center distance in hole is 2 feet (0.6m), fluid concrete in above-mentioned hole just can form the pin that two reinforced concrete floors are linked together so later on.

The concrete reinforcement that is fit to is passed above-mentioned hole, it is connected with steel mesh reinforcement in each concrete side plate.

The outer rim in the hole in the polystyrene foam plate can be level and smooth circular arc, is convenient to concrete and flows through polystyrene foam plate, thereby the skin of above-mentioned polystyrene foam plate is interconnected.

Formed product is the integrated support structure with whole isolation performance, and in this member, relative isolated concrete slab fixes on together by the reinforcing bar lock, and the outside of this reinforcing bar pin is surrounded by the concrete up to 3 inches (100mm), to form wall construction.

In another embodiment, have isolation performance, lightweight, harder floor and ceiling be to be combined together to form by the polystyrene columns with spaced apart parallel.In molding process, above-mentioned polystyrene columns can be bearing in the cut-out of steel mesh reinforcement and crooked end, and above-mentioned steel mesh reinforcement is attached in the floor of above and below of polystyrene columns.The cross section of solid concrete is I-beam between above-mentioned polystyrene columns.In general, above-mentioned polystyrene columns can make the floor of formed half member and ceiling have soundproof effect, intensity is not being caused under the situation of any loss in addition, can make the lightweight many of formed building unit.Polystyrene columns is suspended in the concrete, and spacing general and floor end face and bottom surface is 2 inches (50mm).

The weight of formed floor is less than existing plate, and the shape of cross section of I-beam has increased the ability that meets with stresses, and has reduced to be used for the size of the required crane of lifting operation.Because above-mentioned plate is lighter, and has bigger rigidity, thereby a plate can stride across the longer distance that surpasses general restriction.

Another aspect of system provided by the present invention is by steel hoop a plurality of building units to be linked together, or these building units are connected with other building unit, so that the interpolation of other concrete component connects, the advantage of this method is not see that any structure connects, and the junction looks the concrete that resembles cast-in-situ.Said method can make the major defect of prefabricated concrete structure, and promptly the defective of the visible junction in the building unit drops to minimum degree.Claim 11 pair above-mentioned aspect of the present invention limits.

Stated another aspect of the present invention in the claim 16 and 20.Various preferred characteristic of the present invention is described in the dependent claims, perhaps find out easily from the following description, in this description with reference to accompanying drawing by way of example to various aspects of the present invention illustrative embodiment be illustrated.

Brief Description Of Drawings

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is the decomposition diagram of wall plate member, and this wallboard comprises the layer of polystyrene foam that is clipped between the concrete side plate;

Fig. 2 is the phantom drawing that is in the concrete component of casting condition;

Fig. 3 is the sectional drawing along Fig. 2 center line 3-3;

Fig. 4 is the sectional drawing along Fig. 2 center line 4-4;

Fig. 5 is the amplification profile of the part of the complete member shown in Fig. 1-4;

Fig. 6 is for being provided with the decomposition diagram of the floor member of polystyrene columns in it;

Fig. 7 represents the assembly structure of the member shown in Figure 6 preparing to pour into a mould;

Fig. 8 is the end diagrammatic sketch of assembly structure shown in Figure 7;

Fig. 9 is the sectional drawing along Fig. 8 center line 9-9;

Figure 10 is the end diagrammatic sketch of the floor that pours;

Figure 11 represents the schematic diagram according to the reinforcing bar in half room of U-shaped of another embodiment of the present invention;

Half Room member after Figure 12 represents to adopt reinforcing bar shown in Figure 11 to pour;

Figure 13 represents the member that is complementary according to this embodiment;

Figure 14 represent to be in interconnect before mounted top and bottom member;

Figure 15 represents along the sectional drawing of Figure 14 center line 15-15, and its expression installs a kind of form that building unit is linked together of being used for;

Figure 16 is the phantom drawing that is used for two interconnective a kind of forms of member, and the part of this figure is illustrated by the broken lines;

How Figure 17 connects member the top view of the example that forms different combining structures for expression;

Figure 18 is the phantom drawing of another embodiment of the present invention, the mechanism that the bight of the independent member that its expression will be mutual stacked links together, and this mechanism is used to absorb seismic energy;

Figure 19 is the different phantom drawings of the member that adopts present embodiment and link together, and it is illustrated in member in the seismic process and produces state after laterally moving;

Figure 20 is the amplification profile of the structure of the parts in the linkage shown in Figure 18 and 19;

Figure 21 is the side view of formed connecting portion between two interconnective members, and this figure part is illustrated by the broken lines;

Figure 22 is the elevation of member shown in Figure 21;

Figure 23 is the interconnective element cross-section figure that produces lateral displacement because of the effect of seismic forces;

Figure 24 is the enlarged perspective of another embodiment that is used for the seismic energy absorption plant of connecting elements, and this figure part is illustrated by the broken lines;

Figure 25 is the enlarged detail view of device shown in Figure 24, and this figure part is illustrated by the broken lines;

Figure 26 is the side view of device shown in Figure 24;

Figure 27 is the view similar with Figure 26, and indication device is alignd by seismic forces;

Figure 28 is illustrated in a position of installing in the seismic process, and the following relatively member of one of them member is raised;

Figure 29 represents that said apparatus turns back to the normal position;

Figure 30 represents to make the continuous improved syndeton in bight of U-shaped building unit;

Figure 31 represents along the sectional drawing of Figure 30 center line 31-31;

Figure 32 represents along the sectional drawing of Figure 30 center line 32-32;

Figure 33 is and the corresponding sectional drawing of Figure 31 the bight of adjacency in two members of its expression;

Figure 34 is and the corresponding sectional drawing of Figure 32 the bight of adjacency in two members of its expression;

Figure 35 represents to be installed in the member on the carrying hoist cable;

Figure 36 represents a kind of building unit of change, uses with bearing post;

Figure 37 represents above-mentioned bearing post;

Figure 38 represents the details in the bight of the member shown in Figure 36 that is assembled together with bearing post shown in Figure 37;

Figure 39 represents the bearing post by the crossbeam connection;

Figure 40 represents the downside view of the member that uses with post shown in Figure 39;

Figure 41 represents the downside view of two members shown in Figure 36 of being fixed together side by side.

Illustrative certain embodiments

In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is illustrated in and forms wallboard reinforcing bar and polystyrene laminboard layer before.Above-mentioned wall plate member is by label 2 expressions.

Lateral wall template

4 and 6 spaced apart according to the thickness of required final wall is generally 3 inch (50～70mm) with the spacing between the

steel mesh reinforcement

8 and 10 accordingly usually.Thickness is to offer porosely 14 on the polystyrene foam plate 12 of 4 inches (100mm), and shown in Figure 4 and 5, the outer rim in this hole is curved, so that make flowing of liquid concrete when forming above-mentioned member.As Fig. 2, shown in 3 and 4, reinforcing bar 18 passes each hole 14, and is tied together with each

steel mesh reinforcement

8 and 10 in the side plate.Above-mentioned hole 14 generally is arranged at a distance of 2 feet (0.6m) in the heart, and its diameter is generally 5～7 inch (130～180mm).

When Fig. 4 is illustrated in fluid concrete 24, the sectional drawing that has the wallboard of

template

4 and 6 on it, in the figure, vertically reinforcing bar 22 intersects with horizontal reinforcement 26, reinforcing bar 18 is connected with 10 with steel mesh reinforcement 8 by the hole 14 in the polystyrene foam plate 12, present fluid concrete in the above-mentioned structure so just can partly couple together two concrete the formation integral wall.

Liquid concrete 24 cast are entered, as shown in Figure 3.Fig. 5 represents the sectional drawing of the wallboard poured into a mould, and remove

template

4 and 6 this moment, and two layer of concrete 28 are connected with the concrete pin 30 that 29 usefulness are passed hole 14.

Owing to have layer of polystyrene foam, formed wallboard has very high intensity, very high rigidity, and move very gently, in addition, above-mentioned layer of polystyrene foam also rises heat insulation and deadening to the body of wall between above-mentioned member.

With reference to Fig. 6, expression is used for the

template

31 and 32 of ceiling or floor 54, and top and bottom reinforcement bars net 33 and 35 are cut off, and the end of formed reinforcing bar is 40,42, and 44 and 46 places inwards and outside curve.Inwards crooked is end reinforced, inserts respectively in polystyrene columns 48,50 and 52 so that in the fluid concrete process they are fixed such as 40,46.Can adopt the end reinforced of lateral bending song outwardly selectively, such as 42,44 so that make steel mesh reinforcement 33,35

relative templates

31,32 location.The foam member that assembles that Fig. 7～9 expression preparations are poured into a mould.Fig. 8 represents the end diagrammatic sketch of mounted polystyrene columns 48,50 and 52, and these posts are connected with 36 with steel mesh reinforcement 34 among Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 represents along the sectional drawing of Fig. 8 center line 9-9.After pouring into a mould, sectional drawing shown in Figure 8 just becomes the shape of the good floor of cast shown in Figure 10 54.It should be noted that polystyrene not only can completely cut off noise, alleviate the weight of formed floor 54, and most of concrete bodies is parallel I beam part shape, thereby the intensity of Unit Weight is increased.Polystyrene columns can be along extending with the perpendicular direction of paper, and not according to mode shown in Figure 8 along horizontal expansion.In another embodiment, the steel mesh reinforcement of a cut-out can be from 90 ° of the rotated position shown in Fig. 6 and 7 in its plane.The otch of adjacent reinforcing bar can stagger.The reinforcing bar that does not have to cut off can be contained in and be parallel to and online between the polystyrene post.

Figure 11 represents to be used for the steel mesh reinforcement 60 of half Room member, and reinforcing bar intersects mutually and forms body of wall

steel mesh reinforcement

68,70 and base plate steel mesh reinforcement 66, and its

end

72 and 74 respectively ringwise.After fluid concrete, as shown in figure 12,

annulus

72 and 74 is the body of

wall

78 and 80 from the member of pouring into a mould 76 all, and the outer rim of base plate 82 is stretched out, so that according to mode shown in Figure 13 above-mentioned member is connected with each other, in Figure 13, two member 76A and 76B interconnect.Figure 14 is illustrated in the mould of a side ring of above-mentioned member around the outer rim of the body of wall of adjacency, and annulus 72 was used for the mould that wall exposes side and overlapped mutually illustrated this moment.Figure 15 is the sectional drawing along Figure 14 center line 15-15.

A plurality of member 76A and 76B can be interconnected by hole 86, this hole 86 is arranged at polyvinyl chloride pipe during member 76 in the mould and forms in cast.Above-mentioned hole is used for connecting mould in the following manner and connects together.

Shown in Figure 14 and 15, by

annular end

72 and 74 is overlapped, just two member 76A and 76B are coupled together, this moment, mould 90 comprised

sidewall

96 and 98, was used for two annular ends are interconnected.Bolt is passed corresponding

hole

97 and 99 in

mould sidewall

96 and 98, thereby and the polyvinyl chloride pipe 86 that passes among corresponding member 76A and the 76B mould is fixed.The

end

100 and 102 of mould 90 is in heeling condition, so that according to Figure 13, mode shown in 15 and 16 downwards and slope inwardly.The end of mould 90 is provided with

portable plate

106 and 107 so that carry out concrete cast.At component inside interconnective electric wire 84 and pipeline 85 (Figure 13) can be set.

Can such as form shown in Figure 17 member be linked together according to various ways, in Figure 17, member 76A is connected at part 94 places with 76B.Be easy to realize multiple other connection shape.

The mechanism that Figure 18～23 expression is following, this mechanism is used for the member that the cast of structure is good and is fixed together, so that when earthquake taking place and blow hurricane, reduces or prevents that to above-mentioned building unit, it deposits article and the occupants works the mischief.

In illustrated example, top building unit 120 is connected with bottom building unit 124.

There is recess 122 as shown in FIG. at the place, base angle of overhead 120, and the drift angle of bottom member 124 is formed with corresponding recess 126.Above-mentioned bottom member 124 has steel mesh reinforcement 128 and auxiliary reinforcement 130,132 and 133.Reinforcing bar 130,132 and 133 is welded on the plate 162 in the wall 124, and corresponding reinforcing bar 130 ', 132 ', 133 ' is welded on the plate 160 in the overhead 120.

Metal U-shaped spare 140 and 142 is fixed on

plate

136 and 138 by bolt 134 respectively, perhaps bolt 134 directly can be imbedded in the concrete bodies in member 120 and 124.In general,

plate

136 and 138 is welded to respectively on plate 160 and 162.The bottom 150 of metal U-shaped spare 140 has

arm

152 and 154, this arm 152 with 154 with metal U-shaped spare 142 in arm 152 ' and 154 ' corresponding.Shown in Figure 20 and 21, bottom 150 and 150 ' links together by heavily stressed bolt 144 and nut 45, and bolt 144 passes flange 156, the hole in 156 ' and 158,158 '.

Be the neoprene blocks 146 of high load capacity between bottom 150 and 150 ', when tighting a bolt 144, make flange 156,156 ' and 158 and 158 ' when furthering each other, and this block rubber 146 has compression slightly.Figure 20 is the enlarged perspective of above-mentioned member.Figure 23 is the schematic diagram of following member, is provided with the auxiliary reinforcement 130,132,133,130 ', 132 ', 133 ' that is welded on the base plate 160,162 in this member.In Figure 23, take place its rank reach be enough to cut off the earthquake of bolt 144 after, relative laterally moving takes place in member 120 and 124.The distortion of the neoprene pad 146 of above-mentioned high load capacity can stop above-mentioned moving.Cutting off bolt 144 and block rubber 46 is deformed, and when producing sliding friction between the member 120,124, just above-mentioned seismic energy is being absorbed.When above-mentioned linkage is used for producing distortion with the active force less than the power of meeting damaged member 120,124, and when absorbing energy, then can guarantee the globality of building unit 120 and 124.For

member

120 and 124 is set back, they can be alignd again, change bolt 144, if desired, new neoprene blocks 146 are inserted and are adhered between corresponding plate 150 and 150 '.

Relatively move significantly in order to prevent to produce between the adjacent member, if above-mentioned here neoprene blocks 146 break, above-mentioned moving might be taken place, then can make member and the retainer that the lost motion of suitable degree can be provided, or rigid connector connects, above-mentioned lost motion refers to: if strong earthquake takes place, then above-mentioned connector or retainer are being under the condition of cost member itself is caused structural broken ring, prevent along vertical stacked member slump.

Figure 24～another kind of seismic energy the absorption plant of 29 expressions.Overhead 170 is connected with bottom member 174, and this moment, the bight of overhead 170 had recess 172, and the bight of bottom member 174 has recess 176 so that admit above-mentioned energy absorbing device.The reinforcing bar 178,180 and 182 that is illustrated by the broken lines in wall body construction 170 is welded on the plate 216 that above-mentioned energy absorbing device is installed.Similar plate 217 is arranged on bottom member 174.Axle 218 is suspended to below the plate 216, and this has the damping retainer 220 that is mounted thereon on 218, and helical spring 222 is fixed between damping retainer 220 and the plate 190, and plate 190 is articulated on the axle 218.Offer in the plate 190 porose 192, axle 194 with rigidly affixed in hole 192.Be fixed on the fixed part 196 at the bottom of axle 194 axle 194, cross bar 198 rotatably passes this fixed part 196.

Each end of bar 198 is individually fixed in the

recess

204 and 206 in the

wheel

200 and 202 of vertical setting, this takes turns 204 and 206

horizontal end

212 and 214 that rotatably are installed in

vertical pin

208 and 210 respectively,

208 and 210 is fixed on the plate 211, plate 211 is installed on the axle 215 with rotating manner, and fixing by nut 213.The bottom of axle 215 is welded on the fixed head 217.

Above-mentioned energy absorbing device is used to make plate 190 and axle 194 formed cranks or eccentric part to carry out initial orientation along the horizontal moving direction of earthquake, so that absorb energy when it rotate, what make cross bar 198 edges and taphrogeny direction simultaneously laterally carries out orientation.Relatively Figure 26 and 27 can see above-mentioned initial orientation, and the direction and the paper of taphrogeny here are perpendicular.When plate 190 and axle 194 complete matchings, but during not with all depleted of energy, then cause taking turns 200 and 202 and produce rotation, and eccentric cross bar 198 moves up and down, member 170 is moved up and down repeatedly with respect to member 174, and pass through the weight and the above-mentioned motion of member, rather than absorb seismic forces by the cracking of building unit itself.Wheel 200,202 and cross bar 198 constitute the 2nd crank.

Can bear the vibration of the almost any earthquake generation that is run into by the building unit of these energy absorbing devices connections.When downward driving shaft 218, the spring 222 among Figure 28 is compressed.By the compression of above-mentioned spring, and the contacting of spring 222 and plate 190 and damping retainer 220, thereby seismic energy is absorbed.The damping of friction or alternate manner can prevent that plate 190 from moving along axle 218, and prevents that plate 190,211 is respectively around axle 218,211 rotations.In Figure 28, eccentric cross bar 198 is towards the rotation of higher position, afterwards in Figure 29 towards below rotation.

Figure 30～34 expression is improved, has high-intensity syndeton, is used for the adjacent bight of the building unit of U font is coupled together.As shown in figure 30, the floor 302 in the member 304 is connected with wallboard 306 in the member 304 by a plurality of protuberances 308, this protuberance 308 stretch out half that is of a size of wallboard 306 thickness.A plurality of recesses 310 are arranged between protuberance 308, and the degree of depth of this recess 310 equals the whole thickness of wallboard 306, thereby forms less clearance 312 between wallboard and floor.Raised part and recess form by suitable insert and washer are attached in the mould.Reinforcing bar 314 passes protuberance 308 from floor, enters in the wallboard 306, shown in the dotted line 314 ' among Figure 30.Other reinforcing bar 316 stretches out from floor 302, enters recess, forms the ring portion 318 that exposes, and gets back at last in the wallboard 306.The inlet part of reinforcing bar 316 is by the 316 ' expression of the dotted line shown in Figure 30.

Shown in Figure 33 and 34, paired member is assembled together with the angle diagonal manner, and given member is inverted with respect to its adjacent member, and the vertical face of the protuberance 308 in the adjacent members is adjacent.Recess 310 in the member that is assembled together matches and forms cavity 320, and at this cavity inside, the reinforcing bar ring portion 318 in the corresponding member overlaps mutually.Screw securing rod 322 afterwards, make its ring portion of passing above-mentioned overlap joint 318, so that form the steel mesh reinforcement of locking mutually.Pass through the gap 312 pouring liquid concrete on top then, and with its tamping, so that cavity 320 is filled.Adopt the gap 312 of bottom to check the whether compatibly perfusion of above-mentioned cavity, by the wooden unit that is fixed in the bight between wallboard and the ceiling above-mentioned cavity is blocked afterwards.After the hardening of concrete in the cavity, just can obtain very firm overall structure, this structure has effectively continuously and the steel mesh reinforcement of tensible, and this steel mesh reinforcement is formed by mutual intersection and interconnective reinforcing bar 316.

In order to obtain maximum final bonding strength, should make the total depth d (Figure 30) in the recess 310 relative members occupy bigger ratio as much as possible.Therefore should reduce the total depth of protuberance 318, thereby enough intensity is provided, so that in molded, transportation and final location process, wallboard and floor are kept together.For the intensity of reinforcement in handling process, can adopt the internal stent 324 among Figure 35, support above-mentioned building unit such as steel pipe or timber.Can be between the free end of wallboard 306 around the fixing band 326 of member.

For the ease of carrying, can be in member 304 molded plastics pipe 328 so that form through hole in wallboard, this through hole aligns with the axis that passes the center of gravity of member.Can insert cramp bar 330 in plastic pipe 328, the end of this bar is protruding from wallboard 306, can and separate the end that beam 334 is connected to above-mentioned bar 330 with hoist cable 332, is used for from the above-mentioned whole built-up member of crane hook 336 suspentions.Adopt said structure, can be only several tons the common buildings member of weighing be carried out orientation, and make its location, if desired, can make the axis rotation of building unit 304 around the axis and the cramp bar 330 of crane rope 338 by a workman.

The improved form of Figure 36～41 expressions building unit of the present invention is used to have the structure of vertical bearing post 340, such as high-rise building, or multiple story garage.Building unit shown in Figure 36 342 is similar with the applicant's the described building unit of United States Patent (USP), and its plane of structure generally takes the shape of the letter U, but the height of the wallboard 344 in this building unit is less, such as being about 0.6m.Above-mentioned wallboard 344 is as the reinforcement flange of floor 346.The bight of above-mentioned building unit 342 has breach 348, and this breach is formed by the insert that is fit in the mould.The protuberance 350 that is provided with on above-mentioned breach and the bearing post match in case with member supporting at required height.Pecker 352 between the above-mentioned breach of the opposed end of member 342 extends between paired bearing post 340, forms continuous flooring thereby the pecker in the adjacent members 352 is adjacent.The bight 354 of floor 346 is pressed against on the protuberance 350, and this bight 354 is such as being fixed on this protuberance 350 by bolt 356 and nut 358.

Figure 40 represents the building unit 360 through change, is used for using with the bearing post that the crossbeam 362 by Figure 39 connects.It is mutually concordant with the outer rim of wallboard 366 continuously that one end of the pecker 364 that stretches out keeps.Be arranged side by side paired above-mentioned building unit 360 according to the mirror image mode, their wallboard 366 is fitted mutually, and their pecker that stretches out 364 is pressed against on the crossbeam 362, so also can form continuous flooring.

Figure 41 represents a pair of member 342, and the member among it and Figure 36 is similar, and this member only connects by 4 rather than 6 bearing posts 340 and is used for supporting.In the end of each member, between wallboard 344, steel truss 368 is arranged by bolt.Also can the wallboard 344 that fit and the adjacent end portion of truss 368 be linked together by bolt.The breach 370 at the external angle place of interconnective member receives bearing post 340, and middle breach 372 is blocked by suitable inside inserts.If desired, can be in a similar manner with 3, or a plurality of member 342 connects side by side.

At all occasions, on bearing post 340, (be generally 2.5～3.5m) and protuberance 350 or other support be set so that make floor spaced apart as required according to suitable spacing.Space between the attached wallboard 344 can be used for receiving the building ancillary facility, such as cable, and pipeline and pipeline.If desired, can from the following interior space above-mentioned space be blocked by the ceiling of suspention.Member shown in Figure 36～41 and bearing post system can be used for building the zone of large-scale open type layout like this.

Aforesaid improvement in the concrete building structure of site prefabrication of the present invention can provide the following more high strength that has, weight is lighter, and has a steel building member of isolation performance, this building unit is by improved mode, can interconnect at an easy rate, and/or be installed in the top of another building unit, it adopts energy absorbing device selectively, to avoid each member, deposit article and produce destruction, and prevent that the occupants from coming to harm, make between the building unit by bindiny mechanism to produce less relatively moving and seismic energy can be absorbed.

Though invention has been described for the illustrative embodiment of top reference, top description is not intended to limit the building unit and the technology of novelty of the present invention, the present invention includes all improvement in the claim scope that belongs to following.

Claims

1. linkage that is installed between the building unit, it is used to the power that decays and transmitted between the above-mentioned building unit, this device comprises a pair of fixed part, each fixed part can be fixed on the corresponding adjacent architectural member, the said fixing parts interconnect by elastic material block, this elastic material block deformable and make between the fixed part and to produce limited relatively moving, the said fixing parts are rigidly connected by the connector that can disconnect, and the breaking strength of this connector is less than the breaking strength of above-mentioned building component.

2. device according to claim 1, wherein this fixed part also interconnects by not extending substantially connector or the retainer that matches, and above-mentioned connector or retainer make and produce limited relatively moving between the fixed part.

3. linkage that is installed between the building unit, it is used to the power that decays and transmitted between the above-mentioned building unit, this device comprises the 1st crank mechanism, axis of rotation in this mechanism is basic along vertically being provided with, and a pair of fixed part, it is used for fixing with corresponding adjacent architectural member, like this since the axis of rotation that relatively moving between the building unit that active force causes can make the 1st crank mechanism edge towards the direction adjustment that is basically parallel to active force.

4. device according to claim 3, it comprises the 2nd crank mechanism, this mechanism is installed on the 1st crank mechanism, basic along continuous straight runs during axis of rotation in the 2nd crank mechanism uses, and be basically perpendicular to the plane of the axis of rotation that passes the 1st crank mechanism, other the relatively moving between the building unit is by relative the moving up and down between the building unit of the 2nd crank mechanism like this.

5. according to claim 3 or 4 described devices, wherein at least one fixed part flexibly is installed on the above-mentioned crank mechanism of each.

6. according to any one the described device in the claim 3～5, wherein this device is provided with damper so that stop the motion of crank mechanism.

7. construction wall member, it comprises two-layer steel concrete, this is two-layer to separate by lightweight or every the edge plate of material, be provided with isolated hole in above-mentioned lightweight or in the edge plate of material, connecting reinforcement passes this hole and is fixed on the reinforcing bar in the corresponding layer of concrete, and above-mentioned connecting reinforcement is imbedded in the concrete pin that passes above-mentioned hole.

8. member according to claim 7, the outer rim in the hole in the wherein above-mentioned plate is bending, thereby is convenient to make liquid concrete flow through above-mentioned hole forming the process of concrete wall from the liquid concrete compound.

9. precast floor slab or ceiling, it comprises concrete top layer and bottom, and above-mentioned top layer and bottom are spaced apart by elongated member, and these parts are made by lightweight or every the edge material; Have the above-mentioned top layer of above-mentioned distance member and the reinforcing bar in the bottom, its end is towards the interior curve of above-mentioned plate, thereby in the process that forms above-mentioned plate, above-mentioned end is imbedded in the above-mentioned elongated member, so that make this reinforcing bar keep predetermined shape in the process of fluid concrete.

10. floor according to claim 9 or ceiling, wherein the shape of above-mentioned elongated member and layout cause the concrete cross section of above-mentioned plate to be I-beam.

11. a prefabricated building components, its cross section takes the shape of the letter U substantially, and this member has imbeds its inner reinforcing bar, and the outer rim of this reinforcing bar is extended in the form of a ring, thereby is convenient to above-mentioned member is connected by the connector of strengthening with similar member.

12. method that connects the described building unit of claim 11, its step comprises: make the adjacent setting of ring-type reinforcing bar, above-mentioned crooked in the form of a ring outer rim is arranged side by side, mould is placed on around the above-mentioned outer rim that is arranged side by side, fluid concrete on above-mentioned adjacent reinforcing bar carries out maintenance to this concrete.

13. member according to claim 11, wherein above-mentioned annulus stretches out from following outer rim, and the concave surface that this outer cause forms on the external angle of above-mentioned member forms.

14. member according to claim 13, this member can with similar member with external angle, exterior angle mode adjacency, annulus in the above-mentioned member overlaps mutually, can screw another reinforcing bar like this and makes it pass above-mentioned annulus, thereby form interconnective steel mesh reinforcement.

15. according to the described member of claim 11,13 or 14, it comprises direct through groove, by the pourable liquid concrete of this groove above-mentioned annulus is encased.

16. a prefabricated building components, it comprises the wallboard of floor and a pair of basic keeping parallelism, and the relative side of the relative floor of this wallboard is in erectility, and above-mentioned wallboard has the hoist cable tie point, and this point is positioned on the axis of the center of gravity of passing above-mentioned member.

17. member according to claim 16, wherein above-mentioned hoist cable tie point is included in the through hole of offering on the wallboard.

18. the lifting and the method for carrying of claim 16 or 17 described building units, its step comprises: support is set between wallboard, raising sling is connected on the hoist cable tie point.

19. method according to claim 18, wherein above-mentioned tie point is by the hole on the above-mentioned wallboard, and said method also comprises the steps: bar is passed the hole, thereby its end is protruding from wallboard, and the end of hoist cable with the above-mentioned bar that stretches out is connected.

20. a prefabricated building components, it comprises floor, and this floor has the reinforcement flange of a pair of basic keeping parallelism, and this flange stretches out from the opposed end of floor, and the bight of above-mentioned member is used for fixing on vertical bearing post.

21. member according to claim 20, it comprises the pecker that stretches out, thereby being used for matching with adjacent building unit forms continuous flooring between a plurality of bearing posts.

22. member according to claim 21, wherein above-mentioned in use pecker is pressed against on the beam that strides across a pair of bearing post.

23. according to any one the described member in the claim 20～22, it comprises the truss that is fixed between the above-mentioned flange that stretches out.