CN117978341A - Physical layer confirmation method based on cross-technology communication and communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

The application provides a physical layer confirmation method and a communication system based on cross-technology communication, wherein the method is applied to an ACK receiver and comprises the following steps: converting the Acknowledgement (ACK) message to be sent into a bit sequence; modulating the bit sequence into an ACK signal, the ACK signal comprising a set of anti-offset signals ORS, each of the ORS comprising two waves and the waveforms of the two waves being identical; and sending a group of ORSs to an ACK receiver. The method provided by the application can enable the ACK message to be compatible with different communication protocols, reduce the flow overhead and improve the reliability of message transmission.

Description

Physical layer confirmation method based on cross-technology communication and communication system

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of communication of the Internet of things, and particularly relates to a physical layer confirmation method and a communication system based on cross-technology communication.

Background

Cross-technology communication (CTC) now enables direct communication between heterogeneous devices (i.e., devices running different protocols). In CTC designs, the sender typically sends data to the receiver, however the receiver does not send feedback to the sender that the data was received successfully or failed. Since the protocols operated by heterogeneous devices are different, CTC transmission is unreliable, and thus the receiver needs to send Acknowledgement (ACK) feedback to the sender, increasing the reliability of CTC transmission.

In the prior art, the acknowledgement feedback can be sent to the sender by the ACK feedback. Because sampling offset exists in CTCs, protocols operated by heterogeneous devices are different, and a large amount of redundant information is added in CTCs to improve reliability, ACK feedback cannot be widely applied to heterogeneous devices operated by different protocols, extra traffic overhead is added in CTC transmission, lightweight transmission in CTCs is not possible, and transmission is unreliable.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to provide a physical layer confirmation method and a communication system based on cross-technology communication, which aim to solve the problems that the traditional ACK feedback cannot be widely applied to heterogeneous devices running different protocols, extra traffic overhead is added in CTC transmission, lightweight transmission in CTC is not possible, and the transmission is unreliable.

A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a physical layer acknowledgement method based on cross-technology communication, where the method is applied to an ACK sender, and the method includes: converting the ACK message to be sent into a bit sequence; modulating the bit sequence into an ACK signal, the ACK signal comprising a set of anti-offset signals (ORS), each ORS comprising two waves and the waveforms of the two waves being identical; a set of ORSs is sent to the ACK receiver.

In some embodiments, the second wave of each ORS is the first wave of another ORS that follows and is adjacent to the ORS.

In some embodiments, the ACK sender stores a mapping relationship between an ACK message, an ACK signal, and a bit sequence, and converts the ACK message to be sent into the bit sequence, including: based on the ACK message, a bit sequence is obtained from the mapping relationship.

In some embodiments, modulating the bit sequence into an ACK signal includes: converting odd bits of the bit sequence into I pulses; and converting even bits of the bit sequence into Q pulses, and superposing the I pulses and the Q pulses obtained by conversion to obtain ORS, wherein each wave in the ORS comprises two half I pulses and one complete Q pulse.

A second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a physical layer acknowledgement method based on cross-technology communication, where the method is applied to an ACK receiver, and the method includes: sampling a signal from an ACK sender to obtain a group of sampling examples; determining phase offsets of two consecutive sampling instances in a set of sampling instances; if the signal is determined to be an ACK signal based on the set of sampling instances and the phase offset, an ACK message is acquired based on the set of sampling instances, the ACK signal including a set of ORS, each of the ORS including two waves and the waveforms of the two waves being identical.

In some implementations, determining that the signal is an ACK signal based on a set of sampling instances and a phase offset includes: if the power of a set of sampling instances is greater than a first threshold and the number of ORS detected is greater than a second threshold, then an ACK signal is determined to be detected.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises: if the phase offset of two consecutive sampling instances is less than a third threshold, then it is determined that an ORS is detected.

In some implementations, obtaining the ACK message based on the set of sampling instances includes: determining quadrants corresponding to at least part of sampling examples in a group of sampling examples; the ACK message is determined based on the quadrant corresponding to the most sampled instance.

A third aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system including an ACK sender and an ACK receiver implementing the method as described above.

A fourth aspect of the embodiments of the application provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of the method as described above when executing the computer program.

A fifth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method as described above.

Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:

The ACK message to be transmitted may be converted into a bit sequence and then modulated into an ACK signal comprising a set of ORS, which has the property of zero phase shift since each of the ORS comprises two waves and the waveforms of the two waves are identical, is compatible with other communication protocols, i.e. the sampling offset in CTCs may be resisted by the ORS, and may be commonly applied in communication networks of different communication protocols. Sending a set of ORSs to the ACK receiver may cause the ACK receiver to acknowledge receipt of the ACK message. That is, the ACK receiver can acknowledge the ACK message based on the ORS, and the ACK signal can be compatible with ACK receivers of different communication protocols, so that the problem that the lightweight ACK can only be applied to a few communication networks is solved, and the ACK message can be reliably transmitted in the communication networks.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a physical layer confirmation method based on cross-technology communication according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication system according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an ACK signal according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an ORS according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another ORS according to an embodiment of the application;

fig. 8 is a flow chart of another physical layer confirmation method based on cross-technology communication according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a ZigBee signal according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of another ZigBee signal according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of mapping relationships between an ACK message, an ACK signal and a bit sequence according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 13 is a flow chart of another physical layer confirmation method based on cross-technology communication according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an ORS structure according to one embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 16 is a diagram illustrating a verification of probability of successful decoding of ACK according to an embodiment of the present application Schematic diagram of the relationship with noise power σ ²;

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the relationship between P _C1 (Δt) and the values Δt and σ ² of the sampling offset according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the relationship between P _C2 (Δt) and the values Δt and σ ² of the sampling offset according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the relationship between P _C3 (Δt) and the values Δt and σ ² of the sampling offset according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a relationship between a complete transmission time E (Ω) and σ ² according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of a successful detection rate of ACK according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a system throughput provided by an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of an ACK sender according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of an ACK receiver according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "mounted" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.

It is to be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are merely for convenience in describing and simplifying the description based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the application.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.

CTCs are capable of providing communications for many applications of various intelligent systems. CTCs may enable cross-technology communication based on physical layer information. In some implementations, CTCs may transmit a bit sequence based on physical layer symbols.

To implement CTCs, additional software defined modules (software-defined modules, SDM) need to be integrated into the firmware. In some embodiments, the firmware is software that provides low-level control over the radio hardware. CTCs can be classified into a CTC method without modifying firmware and a CTC method modifying firmware according to different integration methods. As shown in a of fig. 1, the CTC method without modifying firmware can connect the SDM to an external interface (i.e., input or output interface) of the firmware, however, although this scheme is easily implemented on heterogeneous devices, it has problems of low computational efficiency and functional limitations. As shown in b of fig. 1, the CTC method of modifying firmware may connect the SDM to the internal interface of the firmware with higher computational efficiency and greater flexibility than the method shown in a of fig. 1.

In some embodiments, in CTC methods without modifying the firmware, one SDM may be integrated by an input interface at the Transmit (Transmit) firmware (i.e., TX firmware) or an output interface at the Receive (Receive) firmware (i.e., RX firmware), and the firmware remains unchanged. In some embodiments, an SDM may be integrated at the CTC sender to input a special bit sequence into the TX firmware to simulate data packets compatible with and receivable by other communication networks. For example, the method may enable a wireless network (WiFi) to emulate a ZigBee (ZigBee) data packet, a bluetooth low energy (Bluetooth Low Energy, BLE) data packet, a Long Range Radio (LoRa) data packet, or a signal pulse. For another example, the method may enable BLE to simulate a LoRa packet or ZigBee packet. As another example, the method may cause the cellular device to simulate BLE packets.

In some embodiments, an SDM may be integrated at the CTC receiver to further process the output of the RX firmware so that the CTC receiver may receive and decode data packets of other communication networks. For example, the method may cause ZigBee to decode WiFi packets. For another example, the method may cause BLE to decode WiFi packets and ZigBee packets. For another example, the method may enable WiFi to decode ZigBee packets.

In some embodiments, one SDM may be integrated at the same time at the CTC sender and CTC receiver. In some embodiments, one SDM may be integrated onto the TX firmware of a WiFi gateway and another SDM may be integrated onto the RX firmware of a WiFi node so that the gateway may transmit WiFi data packets while sending signal pulses to ultra low power devices.

In some embodiments, in the CTC method of modifying firmware, CTCs may be implemented by modifying some firmware. In some embodiments, the SDM may be inserted in between the TX or RX firmware through an internal interface without affecting the functionality of the original modules in the firmware.

In some implementations, the TX firmware can be modified. For example, an SDM is inserted in the TX firmware of the WiFi device and WiFi to ZigBee and WiFi to WiFi packet transmissions are performed simultaneously. In some implementations, the SDM may be designed to send the phase shift keying signal directly into the TX firmware. For example, in a mixer on TX firmware of the BLE device, so that BLE may generate WiFi data packets.

In some implementations, the RX firmware may be modified. For example, the SDM is inserted in the RX firmware of the WiFi device, which may decode a special BLE symbol combination, a special ZigBee symbol combination, or any ZigBee symbol after the phase shift calculator. For another example, at two SDMs in the RX firmware of a BLE device, a lightweight ZigBee packet decoding may be implemented. For another example, inserting SDM in RX firmware of the LoRa device can decode BLE analog and ZigBee analog single-tone sine waves.

In CTC, because the firmware was originally designed for intra-technology communication (i.e., communication between the same type of device), rather than cross-technology communication, the CTC sender is neither well synchronized with nor able to send signals that fully meet the requirements of the CTC receiver. In addition, some CTC designs focus on enabling unidirectional communications, and thus current CTC communications are often unreliable. To improve reliability of CTCs, CTC receivers may repeatedly transmit data, or ACK feedback. Repeated data transmission by CTC sender causes excessive traffic load and time overhead of transmission channel, resulting in that CTC receiver cannot receive data or receives multiple identical data. The problem of overlarge traffic load and time overhead of a transmission channel caused by repeated data transmission of a CTC sender can be solved through ACK feedback.

In some embodiments, the CTC sender may be an electronic device that sends data packets to the CTC receiver, and the CTC receiver may be an electronic device that receives data packets sent from the CTC sender. In some embodiments, CTC senders may include bluetooth devices, cell phones, sensors, and other electronic devices. In some embodiments, CTC recipients may include electronic devices such as smart speakers, smart air conditioners, and the like. For example, a mobile phone (CTC sender) may send an instruction to a smart air conditioner (CTC receiver) to cause the smart air conditioner (CTC receiver) to adjust the room temperature.

In some embodiments, ACK feedback may be implemented using an ACK sender (CTC receiver) sending an ACK message to an ACK receiver (CTC sender). That is, the ACK message is reversely transmitted in CTC, and the ACK feedback is achieved by adding the ACK message in the ACK sender (CTC receiver) to the ACK receiver (CTC sender).

For example, a CTC sender (BLE) may send a data packet to a CTC receiver (ZigBee) using blue bees (BlueBee), and an ACK sender (ZigBee) may send an ACK message (i.e., zigBee ACK) to an ACK receiver (BLE) using XBee.

In some embodiments, the conventional data packet includes a long header of many fields such as "frame control" and "duration", however, when CTCs are implemented in an application scenario of CTCs (e.g., point-to-point communication) or through Fountain (Fountain) codes, the ACK message generally only needs to include a short ACK message of destination address or 0/1 feedback, so the conventional data packet cannot be used as the ACK message.

In some implementations, the ACK feedback may employ the ACK sender to send only a few bits of data to the ACK receiver to acknowledge data reception (i.e., a lightweight ACK). Since CTC communications are generally unreliable, a large amount of redundant information needs to be added to improve reliability, i.e., lightweight ACKs are unreliable. In some embodiments, lightweight ACKs may enable ZigBee to WiFi feedback, but cannot be universally applied in other communication networks. In ACK feedback, there may be a sampling offset in CTCs, so lightweight ACKs are susceptible to adverse effects of sampling offset and transmission is unreliable.

In some embodiments, ACK feedback from ZigBee to WiFi may be implemented based on an ACK encoding method. In some embodiments, the ACK message may be encoded by packet length, packet interval, or packet energy (packet-level ACK message). For example, the ZigBee receiver replies a one-bit (0/1) ACK to the WiFi node by sending a short/long ZigBee packet. The WiFi node recognizes the ACK message through energy detection. For another example, the same method may be used to implement WiFi to ZigBee feedback, that is, using the absence/presence of a fixed length WiFi packet to indicate an ACK bit of 0/1. The ZigBee node recognizes the ACK message by energy detection. However, this approach is often unreliable and time consuming because energy detection is susceptible to noise and interference, and one packet only passes one bit.

In some implementations, the ACK message may be encoded using a special symbol combination (i.e., a symbol-level ACK message). For example, the ZigBee receiver replies a one-bit (0/1) ACK signal to the WiFi node by sending a special symbol combination "EF"/"67", where the waveform contains a single-tone sine wave band. The WiFi node first samples the sine wave, then calculates the phase offset difference between the sampling instances using a dedicated preamble detector, and finally decodes the ACK signal to 0/1 according to the sign (negative/positive) of the phase offset difference. Because the scheme is based on the unique properties of the ZigBee symbol and the dedicated detector of the WiFi node, and the length of the sine wave is too short (i.e. 5 mus, 1/3 of the ZigBee symbol waveform length), there is a sample offset in the detected sample instances, and the scheme is not universal.

In some embodiments, the ACK message may be encoded by a bit sequence (i.e., a bit-level ACK message). For example, the ZigBee receiver replies a one-bit (0/1) ACK to the WiFi node by sending a structured bit sequence that translates to a 32 μs long sine wave. The WiFi node decodes the ACK signal. Although this scheme expands the length of the sine wave, improving the reliability of transmission, it still relies on the unique characteristics of the ZigBee-WiFi pair, and thus is not versatile.

In order to solve at least part of the technical problems described above, an embodiment of the present application provides a physical layer acknowledgement method based on cross-technology communication. The ACK message to be transmitted may be converted into a bit sequence and then modulated into an ACK signal including a set of ORS, which has a zero phase shift property, i.e., may be resistant to sampling offset in CTCs, since each of the ORS includes two waves and waveforms of the two waves are identical, and may be commonly applied in communication networks of different communication protocols, transmitting a set of ORS to an ACK receiver may enable the ACK receiver to confirm receipt of the ACK message. That is, the ACK receiver can acknowledge the ACK message based on the ORS, and the ACK signal can be compatible with ACK receivers of different communication protocols, so that the problem that the lightweight ACK can only be applied to a few communication networks is solved, and the ACK message can be reliably transmitted in the communication networks.

Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a physical layer confirmation method based on cross-technology communication according to an embodiment of the present application. The method is applied to an ACK sender and an ACK receiver. The method may include S201 to S206, and S201 to S206 are described below, respectively.

S201, the ACK sender converts the ACK message to be sent into a bit sequence.

In ACK feedback, the reused communication module may be embedded in firmware based on CTC technology, and generic and anti-Offset physical layer ACK (GENERAL AND Offset-RESISTANT PHYSICAL-level ACK, GOP-ACK) is constructed by a method of not modifying firmware and a method of modifying firmware.

In some embodiments, the GOP-ACK framework provides a method of not modifying firmware that only accesses the input and output interfaces of the firmware. In some embodiments, an SDM and a TX firmware may be integrated at the ACK sender to input ACK messages to the TX firmware to simulate data packets compatible with and receivable by other communication protocols.

And an ACK message indicating whether the CTC receiver (ACK sender) successfully receives the data. In some implementations, the ACK message may include four types. Such as successful reception, reception error, retransmission successful reception, retransmission reception error. In some embodiments, the ACK message may come from an upper layer protocol of the physical layer.

In some embodiments, in a method of not modifying firmware, the ACK transmitter includes TX firmware and a first SDM, as shown by a in fig. 3. The TX firmware includes one unidirectional TX path. The TX firmware includes a pre-modulation module, a modulator, and a post-modulation module. In some embodiments, the pre-modulation module includes a scrambler and an encoder, and the post-modulation module includes a filter, an amplifier, and an up-converter. The first SDM includes a demodulator, a decoder, and a descrambler. In some embodiments, a first SDM is used to implement reverse operation of the modulator and the pre-modulation module, the first SDM being integrated before the pre-modulation module.

In some embodiments, the bit sequence may be generated by a pre-modulation module and modulator.

In practical applications, since the method of not modifying firmware needs to reversely execute the operation of the communication module, the method is cumbersome and time-consuming, so the GOP-ACK framework provides a method of modifying firmware, which can access the internal interface of the firmware. That is, GOP-ACK is implemented by modifying firmware, thereby reducing redundancy and saving time in CTCs.

In some embodiments, in a method of modifying firmware, an ACK transmitter includes TX firmware and a first SDM, as shown by a in fig. 4. The first SDM includes a demodulator. In some embodiments, a first SDM is used to implement reverse operation of the modulator, the first SDM being integrated after the pre-modulation module. It will be appreciated that the TX firmware and the first SDM as shown at a in fig. 4 include communication modules that are the same as or similar to the TX firmware and the first SDM as shown at a in fig. 3.

In some embodiments, an ACK message from an upper layer protocol may be encoded into a bit sequence by a first SDM.

S202, the ACK sender modulates the bit sequence into an ACK signal, where the ACK signal includes a set of ORS, each of which includes two waves and the waveforms of the two waves are identical.

In some embodiments, the method of reusing firmware may cause the ACK sender to generate an ORS that is compatible with other communication protocols, which may be resistant to sampling offsets in CTCs, such that the ACK receiver may receive the ORS that is compatible with other communication protocols. That is, ACK feedback may be implemented in any communication protocol.

In some embodiments, an ACK signal may be generated at an ACK transmission Fang Chongyong modulator, with one ACK signal comprising multiple identical ORS, where each of the ORS comprises two identical waves or two identical segments, in order to make the ACK signal transmission more reliable. In some embodiments, a set of ORSs may include M identical ORSs. In some embodiments, M may be a positive integer, e.g., m=15. In some embodiments, there are two types of ACK signals, a long ACK signal and a short ACK signal, respectively.

In some embodiments, as shown by a' in fig. 5, one ACK signal includes M non-overlapping ORS, and thus the ACK signal includes 2M identical waves. In some implementations, the ACK signal may be referred to as a long ACK signal.

In some embodiments, the second wave of each ORS is the first wave of another ORS that follows and is adjacent to the ORS. As shown in a of fig. 5, one ACK signal includes M overlapping ORSs, the second wave of the ORSs i (i-th ORS) being the first wave of the ORSs i+1 (i+1-th ORS), where i=1. For example, the second wave of ORS1 (ORS 1) is the first wave of ORS2 (ORS 2). In some embodiments, the ACK signal includes m+1 identical waves, which may be referred to as a short ACK signal. In some embodiments, the short ACK signal includes fewer waves than the long ACK signal, and thus, the traffic overhead of the ACK signal in CTC transmissions is reduced by the short ACK signal acknowledging that the ACK receiver has received data. For ease of understanding, the ACK signals mentioned later in the embodiments of the present application are short ACK signals unless specifically stated.

Since there is a sampling offset in CTCs, in order to eliminate the sampling offset, an ORS needs to be generated at the ACK sender, and the ORS can cause the ACK receiver to obtain zero phase shift, that is, as shown in the following formula (1).

T_w＝T_s (1)

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 6, T _w represents the length of one wave of the ORS, T _s represents the sampling interval between two sampling instances of the ACK receiver for calculating one phase shift, w (T) represents one ORS, w (T ₀) represents the first sampling instance of the ACK receiver for calculating one phase shift, and w (T ₀+T_s) represents the second sampling instance of the ACK receiver for calculating one phase shift.

In some embodiments, an ORS that can resist sample offset can be generated based on equation (1). For example, based on formulas (1) and t ₀∈[0,T_s ], it may be obtained that the first sampling instance w (t ₀) and the second sampling instance w (t ₀+T_s) are equal, and then the phase of the first sampling instance w (t ₀) and the phase of the second sampling instance w (t ₀+T_s) are equal, that is, the angle w (t ₀)＝∠w(t₀+T_s). The ACK receiver can obtain the phase offset even if there is a sampling offset in CTCsBased on the property of zero phase shift, the ORS can resist the negative influence of sampling offset in CTC, so that the ORS can reduce the error of transmission in the communication network, namely, the low-overhead and steady ACK can be realized under various channel conditions, and the reliability of ACK signal transmission is improved.

In some embodiments, in CTCs, since both the ACK sender and the ACK receiver are heterogeneous devices, it is necessary to satisfy protocol characteristics of the ACK sender and the ACK receiver so that the generated ORS satisfies equation (1). In some embodiments, the protocol characteristic may be a characteristic of a communication protocol of the ACK sender and the ACK receiver. For example, if the communication protocol of the ACK transmitter is ZigBee, one ORS needs to satisfy the characteristic parameters of ZigBee (for example, one wave is 1 μs). The communication protocol of the ACK receiver is BLE, and the sampling interval of the ACK receiver for a set of samples is 1 μs.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 7, based on the protocol characteristics of the ACK sender and the ACK receiver, an ORS may be generated at the ACK sender such that the ORS may be resistant to the negative effects of the sample offset in CTCs, and in some embodiments, based on equation (1), the ORS may be generated as shown in equation (2) below.

α·T_b＝β·T_p (2)

Wherein,LCM (T _b,T_p) represents the least common multiple of T _b and T _p, T _b represents a positive integer of the length of one basic signal unit (Basic Semantic Unit, BSU) of the ACK sender, one ORS generated by the ACK sender may include α BSUs, where α is a positive integer, and thus T _w＝α·T_b may be obtained, that is, the length of a wave of one ORS is α·t _b.T_p represents a preset sampling interval between two sampling instances used by the ACK receiver to calculate one phase shift, where T _p is a positive integer, and T _s＝β·T_p may be set, where β is a positive integer.

Since the ORS is generated based on the protocol characteristics of the ACK sender and the ACK receiver, different ORS can be constructed based on different protocol characteristics, so that the ORS can be widely applied to other communication networks, and the problem that the lightweight ACK signal can only be applied to special communication networks is solved.

In some embodiments, the ACK sender stores a mapping relationship between ACK messages, ACK signals, and bit sequences. In some embodiments, the ACK message to be sent may be converted into a bit sequence, i.e., the bit sequence may be obtained from the mapping relationship based on the ACK message.

In some embodiments, the mapping is shown in table 1 below.

TABLE 1

Wherein the odd bit may be represented by b _I and the even bit may be represented by b _Q.

In some embodiments, the ACK message "successful receipt" is mapped to an ACK signal of type 1 and a bit sequence of b _I =1 and b _Q =1. The ACK message "accept error" is mapped to an ACK signal of type 2 and a bit sequence of b _I =0 and b _Q =1. The ACK message "retransmission successfully received" is mapped to an ACK signal of type 3 and bit sequences of b _I =0 and b _Q =0. The ACK message "retransmission accepted error" is mapped to the type 4 ACK signal and bit sequences of b _I =1 and b _Q =0.

S203, the ACK transmission transmits a set of ORS to the ACK receiver.

The ACK sender may modulate an ACK message to be sent into an ACK signal that includes a set of ORS that are generated based on the communication protocols of the ACK sender and the ACK receiver, so the ORS may be compatible with different ACK senders. The ACK transmission transmits a set of ORS to the ACK receiver, and the ORS can be compatible with different ACK receivers, that is, the problem that the ACK signal can only be applied in a special communication network is improved.

In some embodiments, in a method of not modifying firmware, the ACK sender may reuse the entire TX path of the TX firmware to send the ACK message, as shown by a in fig. 3. First, an ACK message (the required ORS) may be passed through the first SDM along the TX path, thereby constructing an input ACK message X, which is input to the pre-modulation module and modulator, which may be converted to the ORS, and finally the ORS may be transmitted to the ACK receiver through the post-modulation module. That is, the sending ORS is implemented without modifying the firmware of the ACK sender.

In some embodiments, in the method of modifying firmware, as shown in a of fig. 4, the ACK sender may pass an ACK message (the required ORS) along the TX path through the first SDM, thereby constructing a bit sequence B, which is input to the modulator, which may be converted into the ORS, which is finally transmitted to the ACK receiver through the post-modulation module. That is, under the condition of only reusing the modulator and the post-modulation module in the TX firmware, the ORS is sent, and the problems of complex operation and long transmission time of a method without modifying the firmware are solved.

S204, the ACK receiver samples the signal from the ACK sender to obtain a group of sampling examples.

In some embodiments, the ACK receiver integrates an SDM to further process the RX output signal so that the ACK receiver can receive and decode data packets of other communication networks. In some embodiments, one SDM may be integrated at the same time at both the ACK receiver and the ACK sender, respectively, to implement GOP-ACK. That is, sending ACK signals between various heterogeneous devices can be achieved by a method of reusing modules in firmware without modifying the firmware.

In some embodiments, in a method of not modifying firmware, the ACK receiver includes at least one RX firmware and at least one second SDM, as shown in b in fig. 3. The RX firmware includes a unidirectional RX path. The RX firmware includes a pre-phase shift module, a phase shift module, and a post-phase shift module. In some embodiments, the pre-phase shift module includes a down converter, a filter, a sampler, and the post-phase shift module includes a demodulator and a decoder. The second SDM includes an encoder and a modulator. In some embodiments, a second SDM is used to implement reverse operation of the post-phase shift module, the second SDM being integrated after the post-phase shift module.

In some embodiments, in a method that does not modify firmware, as shown by b in fig. 3. The ACK receiver may reuse the entire RX path of the RX firmware to receive the ORS. First, when the pre-phase shift module detects the ORS, the ORS can be sampled to obtain a set of sampling instances. In some embodiments, the sampling instances may include at least two consecutive sampling instances.

In some embodiments, in a method of modifying firmware, the ACK receiver includes at least one RX firmware and at least one second SDM, as shown by b in fig. 4. In some embodiments, a second SDM is used to detect the ORS, the second SDM being integrated before the post-phase shift module. It will be appreciated that the RX firmware and the second SDM shown as b in fig. 4 include communication modules that are the same as or similar to the communication modules that the RX firmware and the second SDM shown as b in fig. 3 include.

In some embodiments, in a method of modifying firmware, as shown at b in fig. 4, the ORS may be sampled when detected by the pre-phase shift module to obtain a set of sampling instances. In some embodiments, the sampling instances may include at least two consecutive sampling instances.

S205, the ACK receiver determines the phase offset of two consecutive sampling instances in a set of sampling instances.

In some implementations, the ACK receiver can reuse the phase shift calculator to detect the received ORS. Since CTCs enable direct communication between heterogeneous devices, the communication module may be reused in CTCs including different communication protocols. In some embodiments, a framework (i.e., GOP-ACK) commonly employed in multiple communication protocols may enable ORS-based lightweight and robust ACK feedback.

In some embodiments, in a method of not modifying firmware, as shown in b of fig. 3, a sample instance may be input to a phase shift calculator to obtain a phase shift ΔΦ, the phase shift ΔΦ is input to a post-phase shift module to demodulate and decode to generate a message Y, the message Y is input to a second SDM, and the second SDM performs a reverse operation of the post-phase shift module on the message Y to generate a phase shift ΔΦ.

In some embodiments, in the method of modifying firmware, as shown in b in fig. 4, the sampled ORS are input to a phase shift calculator, the phase shift ΔΦ of the phase shift calculator output can be obtained through an internal interface, and in the second SDM, the received ORS are detected through the phase shift ΔΦ. That is, with reuse of only the pre-phase shift module and the phase shift calculator in the RX firmware, reception of the ORS is achieved, that is, transmission time of the ORS in the CTC is saved, and redundancy in the CTC is reduced.

In some embodiments, the method based on modifying firmware may insert SDM in the middle of TX firmware or RX firmware through an internal interface to enable communication between heterogeneous devices without affecting the functionality of the original communication module in the firmware. In some implementations, the first SDM can be inserted in TX firmware to implement GOP-ACK. In some implementations, a second SDM may be inserted in the RX firmware to implement the GOP-ACK.

If the ACK receiver determines that the signal is an ACK signal based on the set of sampling instances and the phase offset, the ACK receiver obtains an ACK message based on the set of sampling instances, the ACK signal including a set of ORS, each of the ORS including two waves and the waveforms of the two waves being identical.

In some embodiments, the received ORS may be detected by a phase offset Δφ. If ΔΦ=0, then ORS is detected; if Δφ+.0, then no ORS is detected. That is, the reception of the ORS is achieved without modifying the firmware of the ACK receiver, thereby saving the time required for the ORS to transmit in the CTC.

In some embodiments, if the condition (C1) for successful busy channel detection and/or the condition (C2) for the number of detected ORS is satisfied, the signal received by the ACK receiver may be determined to be an ACK signal.

In some implementations, if the power of a set of sampling instances is greater than a first threshold and the number of ORS detected is greater than a second threshold, then it is determined that an ACK signal is detected. That is, it can be shown in the following formula (3).

Wherein,Representation/>Lambda is the power of the sample instance,/>Is the threshold (first threshold) for the power of the sampling instance. In some embodiments, the first threshold/>

In some embodiments, since the ACK signal consists of M ORS, the decoder cannot always successfully detect all ORS in the presence of interference. In some embodiments, it may be determined whether the signal is an ACK signal by the number of ORS that have been detected, as shown in equation (4) below:

wherein N _ORS represents the total number of ORS's detected, A threshold value (second threshold value) representing the total number of ORS that have been detected. In some embodiments, the second threshold/>May be 8.

In some embodiments, the ORS consists of two consecutive and identical waveforms. In some embodiments, if the phase offset of two consecutive sampling instances is less than a third threshold, it may be determined that the ACK receiving party detected the ORS. That is, if the phase between two waveform sample instances of the ORS is offsetThe decoder will detect the ORS. But in the presence of noise-And not always 0. Thus, if the mth phase offset value/>Less than the phase shift threshold (third threshold)I.e. the received signal is an ACK signal. That is, the decoder will detect ORS m, as shown in equation (5) below.

In some embodiments, a third thresholdMay be 1. In some implementations, the quadrant corresponding to at least some of the sampling instances in the set of sampling instances may be determined, and the ACK message may be determined based on the quadrant corresponding to the most sampling instance.

In some embodiments, as shown by b in fig. 4, in the RX path, the received ACK signal may be detected by the second SDM, and when the second SDM receives the ORS, the type j of the ACK may be determined based on the corresponding quadrant in which the first sample instance of the ORS occurs.Represents the number of ORS of the detected type j, where j=1, …,4. In some embodiments, the second SDM may first compute the most quadrant in the number of ORSs of type j that have been detected, i.e., computeThe ACK type may then be inferred to be j ₀, and finally the second SDM decodes the ACK signal into one ACK message j ₀.

For example, the bit sequence is [1,1], then the odd bit is [1,1], and the even bit is [1,1], then both the odd bit and the even bit are positive, then the corresponding ORS type is in the first quadrant, and then the corresponding ACK type is the first type, that is, the ACK sender successfully receives the CTC packet.

After the ACK receiver receives the signal from the ACK sender, it samples the signal to obtain a set of sampling instances, and since the sampling interval is equal to the wavelength of the ORS generated by the ACK sender, the phase offset of two consecutive sampling instances in the set of sampling instances can be determined. If the signal is determined to be an ACK signal based on a set of sampling instances and a phase offset, an ACK message may be obtained based on the set of sampling instances, the ACK signal including a set of ORS, each of the ORS including two waves and the waveforms of the two waves being identical. That is, the ORS has the attribute of zero phase shift, so that the sampling offset in CTC can be resisted, and the ACK receiver can confirm that the ACK sender receives the CTC data packet, that is, the reliability of CTC communication is improved.

In the embodiment of the application, the ACK sender can convert the ACK message to be sent into a bit sequence, and then modulate the bit sequence into an ACK signal, wherein the ACK signal comprises a group of ORS, each of the ORS comprises two waves, and the waveforms of the two waves are the same, so that the ORS has the attribute of zero phase shift, the ORS is compatible with other communication protocols, namely, the ORS can resist sampling offset in CTCs, and the ORS can be widely applied in communication networks of different communication protocols. The ACK sender sends a set of ORS to the ACK receiver, which may cause the ACK receiver to acknowledge receipt of the ACK message. That is, the ACK receiver can acknowledge the ACK message based on the ORS, and the ACK signal can be compatible with ACK receivers of different communication protocols, so that the problem that the lightweight ACK can only be applied to a few communication networks is solved, and the ACK message can be reliably transmitted in the communication networks.

Fig. 8 is a schematic flow chart of a physical layer acknowledgement method based on cross-technology communication according to an embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, an ACK sender is taken as a ZigBee sender, and an ACK receiver may be taken as a BLE receiver, which is used to describe a physical layer acknowledgement method based on cross-technology communication. The ZigBee sender applies the communication protocol of ZigBee and the BLE receiver applies the communication protocol of BLE. The method may include S801 to S806, and S801 to S806 are described below, respectively.

S801, the ZigBee sender converts the ACK message to be sent into a bit sequence.

In some embodiments, GOP-ACK may be applied in ZigBee sender to BLE receiver feedback. In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 9, the ZigBee sender includes one TX firmware and the first SDM, and the BLE receiver includes one RX firmware and the second SDM based on the communication protocol of ZigBee and BLE. In some implementations, the TX firmware can include an offset-quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK) modulator, and the first SDM can be an ACK encoder. In some embodiments, the RX firmware may include a sampler, a phase shift calculator, and the second SDM may be an ACK decoder.

The OQPSK modulator is used to modulate a bit sequence into a signal. That is, the OQPSK modulator modulates "1" of the bit sequence into a positive half-sine pulse of 1 μs, and modulates "0" of the bit sequence into a negative half-sine pulse of 1 μs. In some embodiments, in a ZigBee sender, a bit sequence may also be referred to as a chip sequence. In some embodiments, the OQPSK modulator modulates an odd bit sequence of the bit sequence into I pulses and an even bit sequence of the bit sequence Q pulses.

The I-pulse is an in-phase signal (I (t)) converted by a chip sequence of odd bits, and in some embodiments, includes a positive half-sine pulse and a negative half-sine pulse.

The Q pulse is a quadrature signal (Q (t)) converted from a chip sequence of even bits, and in some embodiments, the Q pulse includes a positive half-sine pulse and a negative half-sine pulse.

The phase shift calculator is configured to calculate a phase shift between each two sampling instances.

In some implementations, the ACK encoder may convert the ACK message into a corresponding bit sequence B.

In some embodiments, the correspondence of ACK messages to bit sequences may be the same as or similar to those described in table 1 above. For example, an ACK message "successful receipt" is mapped to an ACK signal of type 1 and a bit sequence of b _I =1 and b _Q =1.

S802, the ZigBee sender converts odd-numbered bits of the bit sequence into I pulses, converts even-numbered bits of the bit sequence into Q pulses, and superimposes the I pulses and the Q pulses to generate ZigBee signals.

To implement acknowledgement feedback from the ZigBee sender to the BLE receiver, an ORS may be constructed based on the OQPSK modulator of the ZigBee sender, which may be detected by a demodulator in the BLE receiver. Since the constructed ORS includes two identical waveform components with a phase offset of zero, the ORS needs to satisfy equation (1), i.e., T _w＝T_s.

In some embodiments, since the sampler of the BLE receiver samples the sampling instance every 1 μs, the ZigBee sender can determine that the ORS includes two identical waves, and the pulse width of each wave is 1 μs, i.e., T _w＝T_s is satisfied.

In some embodiments, an ACK signal may be generated based on ZigBee-based OQPSK modulation techniques. In some embodiments, one ACK signal may include m+1 identical waves, that is, the ZigBee sender modulates the bit sequence into a set of ORS, and since one ORS includes two identical waveforms and the phase offset is zero, the ORS may be regarded as an ACK signal, thereby achieving robust and lightweight feedback from the ZigBee sender to the BLE receiver.

In some embodiments, the ZigBee sender may first receive a bit sequence, then modulate odd bits of the bit sequence into an in-phase signal composed of I pulses by an OQPSK modulator, then modulate even bits of the bit sequence into a quadrature signal composed of Q pulses, then delay the quadrature signal, and finally superimpose the delayed quadrature signal with the in-phase signal, thereby obtaining an ORS. In some embodiments, each I pulse or Q pulse has a pulse width of 1 μs.

In some embodiments, one pulse of the ORS may be a superposition of two half I pulses and one full Q pulse. In some embodiments, one ORS may be generated by clipping the first 0.5 μs and the last 0.5 μs of the superimposed I and Q pulses.

In some embodiments, as shown by a in fig. 5, one ACK signal may include M overlapping ORS, and since one ACK signal includes m+1 identical waves, as shown by b in fig. 5, the m+1 identical waves may be constructed by overlapping m+2 identical I pulses and m+1 identical Q pulses, that is, the ACK signal is a short ACK signal.

In some embodiments, each pulse may be generated from one bit. In some embodiments, as shown by c in fig. 5, since one ACK signal is composed of m+2 identical I pulses and m+1 identical Q pulses, the ACK signal bit sequence may be set to 2m+3 bit sequence b= [ B _I,b_Q,...,b_I,b_Q,b_I]_2M+3, where each odd bit B _I and even bit B _Q corresponds to an I pulse and a Q pulse of the ACK signal, respectively. Because b _I and b _Q can only be 1 or 0, there are a total of four types of bit sequences, each corresponding to one type of ACK signal.

For example, as shown in a to d of fig. 10, the bit sequence received by the ZigBee transmitter is [1,0,0,1,1,0], the bit sequence of the odd bits is [1,0,1], and the bit sequence of the even bits is [0,1,0]. The bit sequence of the odd-numbered bits is modulated into an I pulse with a pulse width of 1 mus, and the bit sequence of the even-numbered bits is modulated into a Q pulse with a pulse width of 1 mus. The three pulses of the I pulse are respectively a positive half sine pulse, a negative half sine pulse and a positive half sine pulse, and the three pulses of the Q pulse are respectively a negative half sine pulse, a positive half sine pulse and a negative half sine pulse. After delaying the Q pulse by 0.5 μs, the I pulse and the Q pulse are superimposed to generate one ACK signal (i.e., zigBee signal shown as d in fig. 10).

Since the ORS can be generated by superposition of three identical I pulses and two identical Q pulses, a special bit sequence can be constructed to generate one ORS, i.e., one ORS for each special bit sequence and one ACK message for each ORS.

For example, as shown in a 'to e' of fig. 11, the bit sequence is constructed as [1,0,1,0,1], the bit sequence of the odd-numbered bits is [1, 1], and the bit sequence of the even-numbered bits is [0,0]. The bit sequence of the odd bits is modulated into three identical I pulses, the I pulses being three positive half sine pulses, the bit sequence of the even bits is modulated into two identical Q pulses, the Q pulses being two negative half sine pulses, and the I pulses and the Q pulses both have a pulse width of 1 μs. After delaying the Q pulse by 0.5 mu s, the I pulse and the Q pulse are overlapped to form a ZigBee signal of 3 mu s, and finally, the front 0.5 mu s and the rear 0.5 mu s of the overlapped I pulse and Q pulse are cut to generate an ORS, namely, the pulse between 0.5 mu s and 2.5 mu s of the ZigBee signal.

S803, the ZigBee transmitting direction transmits a ZigBee signal to the BLE receiving party.

In some embodiments, the ORS may be amplified based on a post-modulation module of the TX path of the ZigBee sender and sent to the BLE receiver.

It is understood that the ZigBee sender may perform S803 in the same or similar manner as the ZigBee sender performs S203.

In some embodiments, since the corresponding relationship between the ACK signal, the bit sequence, and the ACK type is stored in the ZigBee sender, a set of ORSs sent by the ZigBee sender corresponds to the ACK signal of the actual ACK type j, that is, a set of I pulses and Q pulses corresponds to one ACK signal.

S804, the BLE receiver samples the ZigBee signal from the ZigBee transmitter to obtain a group of sampling examples.

In some embodiments, the BLE receiver integrates one ACK decoder, sampler, and phase shift calculator. Since the communication protocol applied by the BLE receiver is BLE, the sampler of the BLE receiver may sample the sampling instances at a sampling interval of 1 μs, thereby obtaining at least one set of sampling instances. As shown in a of FIG. 5, every M+1 ORSs, the sampling example is

For example, a first sample is taken at T ₀, a second sample is taken at interval T _s, then the first sample instance C ₁＝w(t₀), the second sample instance C ₂＝w(t₀+T_s), the sample offset is

It will be appreciated that the manner in which the ZigBee sender performs S804 may be the same as or similar to the manner in which the ZigBee sender performs S204.

S805, the BLE receiver determines the phase offset of two consecutive sampling instances in the set of sampling instances.

In some embodiments, the phase shift calculator may receive at least one set of sampling instances and then calculate the phase shift for two consecutive sampling instances in the set of sampling instances. That is, for each M+1 sampling instancesCalculate the M phase offsets/>Wherein/>Is the phase offset between the mth sample instance C _m and the m+1th sample instance C _m+1.

It is understood that the manner in which the ZigBee sender performs S805 may be the same as or similar to the manner in which the ZigBee sender performs S205.

S806, the BLE receiver obtains an ACK message based on a set of sampling instances and phase offsets.

Since the BLE receiver is based on the nature of the BLE communication protocol, the BLE receiver can detect whether the received signal is an ACK signal by means of a set of sampling instances and phase offsets in the acquired signal. If the signal is an ACK signal, the BLE receiver may acquire an ACK message corresponding to the ACK signal, that is, the CTC sender (BLE receiver) receives feedback information from the CTC receiver (ZigBee sender), and lightweight ACK is implemented to be commonly applied to communication feedback in the communication network.

In some embodiments, willAnd/>And inputting the received signal into an ACK decoder, determining the received signal as an ACK signal, and correspondingly converting the ACK signal into an ACK message. For example, C ₁,C₂,/>The received ORS is determined to be an ACK signal and the ACK signal is correspondingly converted into an ACK message.

In some embodiments, one ACK signal corresponds to one bit sequence, one bit sequence corresponds to one ACK message, and each type of ACK signal corresponds to one quadrant.

For example, as shown in e' of fig. 11, the ORS consists of positive I pulses and negative Q pulses, and since the sampling value of the I pulses is positive and the sampling value of the Q pulses is negative, based on the constellation diagram of fig. 11, the available ORS sampling instance is located in the fourth quadrant, and the corresponding ACK message is a type 4 retransmission reception error.

As shown in the constellation diagram of fig. 12, for example, the bit sequence [1, 1], then b _I＝1,b_Q =1, the ORS consists of a positive I pulse and a positive Q pulse, i.e., the sampled value of the I pulse (w (t ₁ +Δt)) of the ORS is positive, and the sampled value of the Q pulse (w (t ₂ +Δt)) is positive, so that the sampled instance of the ORS is in the first quadrant, i.e., represents an ACK message of type 1 (i.e., is successfully received). The bit sequence is [0,1,0,1,0], then b _I＝0,b_Q =1, the ORS consists of a negative I pulse and a positive Q pulse, i.e., the sampled value of the I pulse of the ORS (w (t ₁ +Δt)) is negative and the sampled value of the Q pulse (w (t ₂ +Δt)) is positive, so that the sampled instance of the ORS is in the second quadrant, i.e., representing an ACK message of type 2 (i.e., a reception error). The bit sequence is [0, 0], then b _I＝0,b_Q = 0, the ORS consists of a negative I pulse and a negative Q pulse, i.e. the sampled value of the I pulse of the ORS (w (t ₁ +Δt)) is negative and the sampled value of the Q pulse (w (t ₂ +Δt)) is negative, so the sampled instance of the ORS is in the third quadrant, i.e. an ACK message representing type 3 (i.e. retransmission was successfully received). The bit sequence is [1,0,1,0,1], then b _I＝1,b_Q =0, the ORS consists of a positive I pulse and a negative Q pulse, i.e., the sampled value of the I pulse of the ORS (w (t ₁ +Δt)) is positive, and the sampled value of the Q pulse (w (t ₂ +Δt)) is negative, so the sampled instance of the ORS is in the fourth quadrant, i.e., representing an ACK message of type 4 (i.e., retransmission reception error).

In some embodiments, one ACK signal is composed of M types j of ORS, and when the BLE receiver receives the ORS, the ACK decoder may determine the type of the ORS based on the first sample instance of the ORS appearing in quadrant j of the constellation. Since signal transmission may be interfered by noise, the type of ORS detected by the ACK decoder may be inaccurate, and then the type of ACK may be determined by detecting the types of multiple ORS, and selecting the quadrant corresponding to the most sampling instance.

In some embodiments, when the BLE recipient receivesAnd/>At this time, the BLE receiver may determine C1, if/>Then determine if C2 is satisfied, if/>The ACK decoder detects an ACK signal, then the ACK decoder may be based on/>Outputting the judged ACK type j ₀, if the ACK decoder judges that the ACK type is j ₀＝j^*, the ACK type is successfully detected, and the ACK type is a corresponding ACK signal sent by the ZigBee sender (that is, the ACK type j of the ACK signal actually received by the ACK amplifier), and if the ACK decoder judges that the ACK type is j ₀≠j^*, the ACK decoder does not detect the ACK signal.

In the embodiment of the application, the ZigBee sender can convert the ACK message to be sent into a bit sequence, then convert the odd bit of the bit sequence into an I pulse, convert the even bit of the bit sequence into a Q pulse, and the ACK signal formed by the I pulse and the Q pulse has the property of zero phase shift, namely can resist the sampling offset in CTC, and can be widely applied to communication networks of different communication protocols, a group of I pulse and Q pulse are sent to a BLE receiver, the BLE receiver receives the I pulse and the Q pulse from the ZigBee sender to sample, a group of sampling instances can be obtained, and the phase offset of two continuous sampling instances in the group of sampling instances can be determined because the sampling interval is equal to the wavelength of ORS generated by the ZigBee sender, so that the ACK message is obtained. That is, the BLE receiver receives the ACK message, and confirms that the ZigBee sender receives the CTC data packet, and thus, ACK feedback is achieved, thereby improving reliability of CTC communication.

Fig. 13 is a schematic flow diagram of a physical layer acknowledgement method based on cross-technology communication according to an embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, a ZigBee sender is taken as a ZigBee sender, and a WiFi receiver is taken as a WiFi receiver, to describe a physical layer acknowledgement method based on cross-technology communication. The ZigBee sender applies a communication protocol of ZigBee, and the WiFi receiver applies a communication protocol of WiFi. The method may include S1301 to S1305, and S1301 to S1305 are described below, respectively.

S1301, the ZigBee sender generates a set of ORS based on the ZigBee communication protocol, each of the ORS including two waves and the waveforms of the two waves being identical.

In the feedback from the ZigBee sender to the BLE receiver, the ZigBee sender creates a waveform of T _w =1 μs, and the BLE receiver calculates a phase offset using a sampling interval of T _s =1 μs, so that T _w＝T_s, however, different communication protocols have different sampling intervals, so that an ORS that satisfies the feedback from the ZigBee sender to the WiFi receiver needs to be constructed, so as to resist the sampling offset from the ZigBee sender to the WiFi receiver.

In some embodiments, the WiFi receiving party calculates a phase offset with a preset sampling interval, that is, T _s =0.8 μs, and if the waveform of the ZigBee sending party is also T _w =1 μs, then T _w≠T_s cannot satisfy the zero phase displacement attribute of the ORS. Therefore, the waveform from the ZigBee sender to the WiFi receiver can be reconstructed in the ZigBee sender. In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 14, the waveform may include waveforms of 4 ZigBee senders to BLE receivers, and thus, a length T _w = 4 x 1 μs = 4 μs of one waveform of ZigBee senders to WiFi receivers.

In some embodiments, as shown by a in fig. 15, in the ZigBee sender, the TX firmware may convert the ACK message into a bit sequence B' = [ B, B ], where B is a ZigBee to BLE bit sequence. For example, b= [1, 1].

S1302, the ZigBee sending party sends a group of ORS to the WiFi receiving party.

It will be appreciated that the ZigBee sender performs S1302 in the same or similar manner as S803 or S203.

And S1303, the WiFi receiver samples the signal from the ZigBee transmitter to obtain a group of sampling examples.

In some implementations, as shown in b in fig. 14, in a WiFi receiver, the WiFi receiver may be able to sample at the original sampling rateSampling is performed (e.g., the original sampling interval is 1 mus) such that T _w＝T_s. That is, the sampling interval T _s =5×0.8=4 μs for the WiFi receiving side to calculate one phase offset, so that the generated ORS can resist the sampling offset in CTCs.

In some embodiments, as shown in b of fig. 14, a downsampler may be integrated after the sampler in the RX firmware at the WiFi receiver so that the WiFi receiver may have the original sampling rateSampling is performed. In some embodiments, when the sampler in the RX firmware receives the 6 th sample value, the sampler may hold the 1 st and 6 th sample values, discarding the other sample values, so that the WiFi receiver may continuously obtain the first sample instance C ₁ and the second sample instance C ₂ at a sampling interval of 4 μs. That is, so that the constructed ORS can be detected by the WiFi receiver.

S1304, the WiFi receiving party determines a phase offset for two consecutive sampling instances in a set of sampling instances.

It is understood that the WiFi receiving party performs S1304 in the same or similar manner as S805 or S205.

That is, in the WiFi receiving side, when the sampling instance of the sampler is equal to the sampling instance c=c' acquired by the downsampler, the phase offset acquired by the phase shift calculator isThe WiFi receiver may decode the ACK signal.

S1305, if the WiFi receiving party obtains the ACK message based on a set of sampling instances and phase offset.

It is understood that the WiFi receiving party performs S1305 in the same or similar manner as S806 or S206.

In the embodiment of the application, the ZigBee sender generates a group of ORSs, and because one ORS can comprise two waves and has zero phase displacement attribute, and the ORSs are generated based on the protocol characteristics of the ZigBee sender and the WiFi receiver, different ORSs can be constructed based on different protocol characteristics, and the ZigBee sender sends a group of ORSs to the WiFi receiver, and the ORSs can be compatible with the communication protocol of the WiFi receiver, namely, the ORSs can be universally applied to other communication networks, and the problem that the lightweight ACK signal can only be applied to a special communication network is solved.

The above describes a physical layer acknowledgement method based on cross-technology communication and an implementation manner of the method provided by the embodiments of the present application, and the performance of GOP-ACK is evaluated below, so that in order to facilitate evaluation of the performance of GOP-ACK, the performance of GOP-ACK may be modeled, so as to determine the influence of ACK signals on the performance of GOP-ACK.

In some embodiments, in GOP-ACK, if the ACK decoder sends one packet to the ACK encoder, the ACK decoder may receive an ACK message from the ACK encoder. In some embodiments, the performance model may include at least one performance indicator. In some embodiments, the performance indicator may be a probability of successful ACK decoding (i.e., a probability that an ACK decoder correctly decodes an ACK message from an ACK encoder). In some embodiments, the performance indicator may be a full transmission time (i.e., the time between sending a data packet from the ACK decoder to the ACK encoder and receiving an ACK message acknowledging successful receipt by the ACK encoder).

In some embodiments, in GOP-ACK, the ACK encoder returns an ACK signal x (t) when the ACK decoder receives a data packet from the ACK encoder.

In some embodiments, an ACK signal may be superimposed by an in-phase signal x _I (t) and a quadrant signal x _Q (t). Where x _I (t) represents the I quadrature component of the ACK signal and x _Q (t) represents the Q quadrature component of the ACK signal. In some embodiments, x (t) may be a sequence of M' waves, as shown in equation (6).

In some embodiments, to detect an ACK signal, the ACK decoder may sample x (T) by a sampling offset Δt, assuming Δt obeys a uniform distribution, i.eWhere τ is the sampling interval. /(I)Representing the in-phase component of the mth sample instance C _m,/>Representing the quadrant component of the mth sample instance C _m, as shown in equation (7) below.

Wherein,In equation (7), an additive white noise Gaussian channel (ADDITIVE WHITE Gaussian noise, AWGN) is assumed. σ ² represents the noise power, and Δt represents the value of Δt.

In some embodiments, based on the decoding process of the ACK decoder, if conditions C1 (i.e., conditions for successful busy channel detection), C2 (i.e., conditions for a number of detected ORS greater than a second threshold), and C3 (i.e., conditions for successful ACK type detection) are met, the ACK will be successfully decoded. In some embodiments, one sample offset Δt=Δt, P _C1 (Δt) represents the probability of satisfying C1, P _C2 (Δt) represents the probability of satisfying C2, and P _C3 (Δt) represents the probability of satisfying C3 may be given. That is, the probability of a successful ACK decoding is P _C1(Δt),P_C2(Δt),P_C3 (Δt). Since Δt follows a uniform distribution, the average probability of successful decoding of one ACK can be expressed as shown in the following equation (8).

In some embodiments, P _C1 (Δt) is calculated, and in the GOP-ACK, when a long ACK signal or a short ACK signal consisting of M' waveforms is received, the ACK decoder samples each of its waveforms once. In some embodiments, when the average power λ of the M' sampling instances is above a first thresholdWhen C1 is satisfied, based on the formula (7), it is possible to obtainAnd/>Is of the same variance/>But 2M 'gaussian distributed random variables of different mean values, x _I(τ+Δt),x_Q(τ+Δt),...,x_I(M'τ+Δt),x_Q (M' τ+Δt), respectively. In some embodiments, the means correspond to different components of different waves, independent of each other. Based on formula (7), λ is a non-central chi-square random variable, wherein the degree of freedom is 2M', and the non-central parameter is/>Thus, the following formula (9) can be obtained.

Wherein,Is a generalized Marcum Q function with an order M', and I _M'-1 is a first type of modified Bessel function.

In some embodiments, P _C2 (Δt) is calculated, and in GOP-ACK, when an ACK signal containing M ORSs is received, the ACK decoder performs M independent ORS detections. In the case of a sampling offset Δt, each detection is probabilisticSuccessful. In some embodiments, based on C2,/>The probability P _C2 (Δt) of a sufficient ORS can be detected as shown in the following equation (10).

In some embodiments, the ACK decoder decodes an ORS if the phase of the sampling instance of the ORS is offsetLess than a third threshold/>In some embodiments,/>The calculation is shown in the following formula (11).

/>

Wherein,Representing the signal to noise ratio.

In some embodiments, P _C3 (Δt) is calculated, due toIs the number of detected type j ORS, which can be usedRepresenting/>, given ΔtIs provided. Based on C3, when the ACK encoder sends an ACK signal of type j ^* to the ACK decoder, ifThe ACK decoder successfully detects the type j ^*, where j ^* =1,..once, T, the success probability P _C3 (Δt) for single ACK type detection is calculated as shown in equation (12) below.

In some embodiments, the ACK signal of one type j ^* consists of ORSs of M types j ^*, where j ^* = 1. Upon receiving the ACK signal, the ACK decoder may independently detect the type of each ars. At the sample offset Δt, for each detection operation, the ACK decoder may probabilityType j ^* is identified as type j, where j ^* = 1. In some embodiments,/>Is the number of ORSs of the detected type j,/>The polynomial distribution is followed, so the probability mass function is/>The following formula can be obtained.

In some implementations, the ACK decoder may sample each of M types j ^* for two times ORSs. In some embodiments, c=c ^I+jC^Q may be set to represent the first sampling instance of one type j ^* ORS received. In some embodiments, let a _j be the area of quadrant j in the constellation.

In ZigBee to BLE feedback, if C of type j ^* ORS appears in a _j, it can be inferred as type j ^* ORS. Therefore, the formula may be as follows.

Where f (i, q) is a joint probability density function of two independent gaussian random variables C ^I and C ^Q, which can be expressed as follows.

In some implementations, a complete transmission time of the ACK message may be determined. After the ACK decoder transmits the data packet to the ACK encoder, the ACK decoder should receive an ACK signal from the ACK encoder after a short inter-frame space (SIFS) time. If the ACK decoder does not receive the ACK signal within the ACK Timeout (set to SIFS time plus ACK transmission time), the ACK decoder retransmits the data packet. We define a complete transmission time Ω as the time between the ACK decoder sending a packet to the ACK encoder and the ACK decoder receiving an ACK signal acknowledging the ACK encoder's successful receipt.

In some embodiments, the ACK decoder may successfully transmit the data packet to the ACK encoder after multiple rounds of transmission, each round of transmission having the same duration, denoted T _γ. Let N _γ denote the number of transmission rounds required to transmit a data packet. We have Ω=n _γT_γ. The expected value of Ω is shown in equation (13).

E(Ω)＝E(N_γ)T_γ (13)

Where E (N _γ) is the expectation of N _γ, then E (N _γ) and T _γ are calculated separately.

In some embodiments, the following formula (14) shows:

Wherein, Representing the probability of successful packet transmission in a round of transmission, N _γ follows a rule with the parameter/>Is a geometric distribution of (c).

In some embodiments, transmission of the data packet by the ACK decoder to the ACK encoder is successful if the ACK encoder successfully receives the data packet from the ACK decoder and the ACK decoder successfully decodes an ACK signal acknowledging the successful reception of the ACK encoder. In some embodiments of the present invention, in some embodiments,Representing the probability of successful reception of a data packet by an ACK encoder, based on the probability of successful decoding of an ACK signal by an ACK decoder/>, in equation (8)Can calculate/>As shown in the following formula (15).

Calculating T _γ, each transmission procedure is performed by transmitting a data packet, waiting for SIFS time, and transmitting an ACK signal, so that the duration of data packet transmission can be represented by T _pkt, the duration of SIFI can be represented by T _SIFS, and the duration of ACK signal can be represented by T _ACK, and the following formula (16) can be obtained.

T_γ＝T_pkt+T_SIFS+T_ACK (16)

Wherein, since one ACK signal may be composed of M' waveforms, each having a duration of T _w, T _ACK＝M'T_w.

By setting successful ACK decoding probability and determining the transmission time of the ACK signal, various parameters of the ACK signal can be verified, namely, under different communication protocols, the transmission performance of the ACK signal is conveniently evaluated, so that various parameters of the ACK signal are more effectively constructed and improved, and the ACK signal is more in accordance with an actual communication network.

In some embodiments, before the feedback from the ZigBee sender to the BLE receiver, the BLE receiver first sends a data packet to the ZigBee sender, and then based on the ACK feedback from the ZigBee sender to the BLE receiver, the ZigBee sender sends an ACK signal to the BLE receiver. In some embodiments, 5,000 runs may be simulated and the average of the simulated values of the runs calculated, each run being for transmitting a data packet.

FIG. 16 shows a method for verifying the probability of successful decoding of ACK according to an embodiment of the present applicationSchematic diagram of the relationship with noise power σ ². In some embodiments, the probability of successful decoding of the ACK of the BLE receiver/>, may be verified first

For example, to verify in formula (8)Can set an ACK signal consisting of m=15 ORS, set a first threshold/>Setting a second threshold/>Third threshold/>And setting the ACK transmission power to 10dBm.

As shown in fig. 16, noise power σ ² =0,..15 dBm, sample offset Δt= -0.5,..0.5 μs. Since frequent missed detection occurs, when σ ² is low, this results inThe probability of successful decoding of the ACK signal is lower, i.e. lower.

In some embodiments, since the probability of success of ACK type detection is low, when σ ² is high,Nor is it high, i.e., the probability of successful decoding of the ACK signal is low.

In some embodiments, when σ ² is low (medium), the short signalHigher (lower), short signal/>, when σ ² is higherAnd long signal/>Almost the same, a short ACK signal can be used for feedback, thereby reducing redundant data in communication.

Fig. 17 shows a schematic diagram of the relationship between P _C1 (Δt) and the values Δt and σ ² of the sampling offset according to an embodiment of the present application. Where Δt= -0.5,..0.5 μs, σ ² = 0,5,10dbm. In some embodiments, P _C1 (Δt) does not vary with Δt at a determined σ ², i.e., GOP-ACK may be well resistant to CTC sampling offset when detecting a busy channel.

In some embodiments, at a determined Δt, since the power λ of the sampling instance is typically lower when σ ² is lowerFrequent missed detection results, so P _C1 (Δt) decreases with increasing σ ², i.e. when σ ² is low, a smaller/>, can be set

In some embodiments, at a determined Δt, P _C1 (Δt) of the short ACK signal is higher than P _C1 (Δt) of the long signal for low σ ², and P _C1 (Δt) of the short ACK signal is lower than P _C1 (Δt) of the long signal for high σ ², i.e., the short ACK signal may be employed when σ ² is lower and the long ACK signal may be employed when σ ² is higher to achieve maximum busy channel detection performance.

Fig. 18 shows a schematic diagram of the relationship between P _C2 (Δt) and the values Δt and σ ² of the sampling offset according to an embodiment of the present application. Where Δt= -0.5,..0.5 μs, σ ² = 0,5,10dbm. In some embodiments, P _C2 (Δt) does not vary with Δt at a determined σ ², i.e., GOP-ACK may be well resistant to sampling offset of CTCs when detecting an ACK signal.

In some embodiments, at a certain Δt, P _C2 (Δt) is high, so that only strong noise can negatively affect the probability of success of ORS detection. For example, σ ² is up to 15dBm.

In some embodiments, at the determined Δt and σ ², P _C2 (Δt) of the long ACK signal and the short ACK signal are the same, that is, the overlapping short ACK signals do not affect the signal detection performance, so acknowledgement feedback can be achieved by the short ACK signals, and then the traffic load of the channel can be reduced.

Fig. 19 shows a schematic diagram of the relationship between P _C3 (Δt) and the values Δt and σ ² of the sampling offset according to an embodiment of the present application. Where Δt= -0.5,..0.5 μs, σ ² = 0,5,10dbm. In some embodiments, at a determined Δt, P _C3 (Δt) decreases with increasing σ ², i.e., noise can negatively impact ACK decoding, potentially resulting in ACK decoding inaccuracy.

In some embodiments, at the determined Δt and σ ², P _C3 (Δt) of the long ACK signal and the short ACK signal are the same, that is, the overlapping short ACK signals do not affect the signal detection performance, so the traffic load of the channel can be reduced by implementing acknowledgement feedback through the short ACK signals.

In some embodiments, P _C3 (Δt) may drop off as |Δt| approaches 0 or 0.5 μs at a determined σ ². In some embodiments, for example as shown by d 'and e' in fig. 10, when |Δt|≡0, (C ^I,C^Q) ≡0, -1, where C ^I and C ^Q are orthogonal components of sample instance C, respectively. In the presence of noise, sample instance C may occur in quadrant 3 or 4 with a 50% probability, e.g., (C ^I,C^Q) ≡ (-0.01, -0.99) or (C ^I,C^Q) ≡ (+0.01, -0.99). In some embodiments, |Δt| is rarely close to 0 since there is always a sampling offset in CTCs. Therefore, P _C3 (Δt) of GOP-ACK is typically high.

In some embodiments, the accuracy of the full transmission time E (Ω) may be verified. In some embodiments, before the ZigBee sender acknowledges the feedback to the BLE receiver, the BLE receiver may first send a data packet to the ZigBee sender through CTCs and then the ZigBee sender sends an ACK signal to the BLE receiver. In some embodiments, based on the ZigBee sender, it may be determined that the SIFS time is T _SIFS = 192 μs, each ZigBee packet includes a preamble portion of length T _pmb = 128 μs, a header of length T _hrd = 64 μs, and a data payload of L bytes, where each byte is carried by 2 symbols, each symbol duration is T _sym = 16 μs. Thus, the duration of one packet is T _pkt＝T_pmb+T_hrd+2LT_sym. In addition, the probability that the ZigBee sender successfully receives the data packet from the BLE receiver may be set to

Fig. 20 shows a schematic diagram of a relationship between a complete transmission time E (Ω) and σ ² according to an embodiment of the present application. Where σ ² =0,..15 dBm, load size L is 5, 15 and 25 bytes.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 20, at a determined L, E (Ω) decreases as σ ² increases from 0 to 8dBm, as shown based on equations (13) through (15); e (Ω) increases as σ ² increases from 8 to 15 dBm. That is, E (Ω) followsIs reduced by the reduction of (2).

In some embodiments, at a certain L, the E (Ω) of the short signal is always lower than the E (Ω) of the long signal, and thus, a short ACK signal may be used for transmission, thereby saving transmission time.

In some embodiments, E (Ω) increases with increasing L, since a larger L increases the transmission time of the packet, in the determined σ ² and signal type.

Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of a successful detection rate of ACK according to an embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments, the result is a successful detection ratio of GOP-ACK, symbol level ACK, and bit level ACK in ZigBee sender to WiFi receiver feedback. I.e. the ratio of the number of ACKs successfully detected to the number of ACKs of the total transmission. In some embodiments, the signal-to-noise ratio SNR = 5dB, Δt= -0.45, -0.35,..0.45 μs.

In some embodiments, in the feedback of the ZigBee sender to the WiFi receiver, the ZigBee sender may send 2000 ACK messages to the WiFi receiver. In transmitting each GOP-ACK, it can be set thatAnd m=15. In some embodiments, if the ACK signal is in a symbol level ACK transmission, the WiFi receiver may obtain 84In some embodiments, if there are at least 74/>If the result is negative, the WiFi receiving party receives an ACK message of 0; if there are at least 74/>If yes, the WiFi receiver receives an ACK message of '1'. In some embodiments, if the ACK signal is in a bit-level ACK transmission, the WiFi receiver may obtain 643/>In some embodiments, if there are at least 539/>If the result is negative, the WiFi receiving party receives an ACK message of 0; if there are at least 539/>If yes, the WiFi receiver receives an ACK message of '1'.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 21, the ratio of the symbol-level ACKs is lower than the ratio of GOP-ACKs and bit-level ACKs, i.e., the symbol-level ACKs do not perform well under poor channel conditions.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 21, the ratio of GOP-ACKs is higher than the bit level ACKs, and the ratio of GOP-ACKs does not change with changes in Δt, i.e., the transmission of GOP-ACKs is more reliable and the transmitted ACK signals are also all lightweight.

Fig. 22 shows a schematic diagram of a system throughput provided by an embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments, the system throughput is the throughput of the ZigBee sender to the BLE receiver. In some embodiments, BLE reception is set to send 50,000 ZigBee packets to the ZigBee sender, where each packet consists of a 32-bit preamble and a 25-byte payload, i.e. the payload length of the ZigBee communication.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 22, the system throughput is shown for the original BlueBee system, at BlueBee +gop-ACK system, and at BlueBee +xbee system, with SNR from 0dB to 20 dB. In some embodiments, in BlueBee, the BLE receiver transmits to the ZigBee sender, and the CTC sender repeats the transmission to the CTC receiver 20 times to improve the reliability of CTCs, that is, the reliability of CTCs is not improved through ACK feedback, but this method causes bandwidth waste.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 22, in the BlueBee +xbee system, based on BlueBee, the transmission from the BLE receiver to the ZigBee sender is achieved, CTCs are added in the ZigBee sender, so that the data from the ZigBee sender to the BLE receiver is transmitted, and when the SNR is equal to or greater than 10dB, the BlueBee +xbee system reduces bandwidth waste compared with the original BlueBee system.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 22, a phase offset threshold may be set when transmitting data packets in a BlueBee +gop-ACK systemThreshold/>, of N _ORS is detected by the ACK signalAnd m=16, and a random sampling offset Δt is set, wherein Δt is uniformly distributed in the range of [ -0.5 μs,0.5 μs ]. From the figure, the BlueBee +gop-ACK system is superior to BlueBee +xbee in throughput, and is improved by 46.67% to 52.48%, that is, the BlueBee +gop-ACK system can transmit ACK messages more effectively and more robustly.

The ACK sender constructs an ACK signal, where the ACK signal includes a set of ORS, one of the ORS includes two identical waves, and the ORS has a zero phase shift property, and the ACK sender can send the ACK signal to the ACK receiver, thereby transmitting an ACK message, and increasing reliability in CTC communication. By verifying the successful decoding rate and the complete transmission time, the short ACK signal can shorten the transmission time of the ACK signal, and the short ACK signal comprises fewer waves than the long ACK signal, so that the constructed ACK signal can avoid bandwidth waste and realize ACK feedback more efficiently.

It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the foregoing embodiment does not mean that the execution sequence of each process should be determined by the function and the internal logic, and should not limit the implementation process of the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of an ACK sender according to an embodiment of the present application. The ACK sender 2300 includes:

A conversion module 2301, configured to convert an ACK message to be sent into a bit sequence;

A modulation module 2302 for modulating the bit sequence into an ACK signal, the ACK signal comprising a set of ORS, each of the ORS comprising two waves and the waveforms of the two waves being identical;

a sending module 2303, configured to send a set of ORSs to an ACK receiver.

In some embodiments, the second wave of each ORS is the first wave of another ORS that follows and is adjacent to the ORS.

In some embodiments, ACK sender 2300 stores a mapping relationship between ACK messages, ACK signals, and bit sequences, and conversion module 2301 is further configured to obtain the bit sequences from the mapping relationship based on the ACK messages.

In some implementations, the modulation module 2302 is also used to convert odd bits of the bit sequence to I pulses; and converting even bits of the bit sequence into Q pulses, and superposing the I pulses and the Q pulses obtained by conversion to obtain ORS, wherein each wave in the ORS comprises two half I pulses and one complete Q pulse.

Fig. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of an ACK receiving side according to an embodiment of the present application. The ACK receiver 2400 includes:

a sampling module 2401, configured to sample a signal from an ACK sender to obtain a set of sampling instances;

A determining module 2402 for determining phase offsets of two consecutive sampling instances in a set of sampling instances;

The acquiring module 2403 is configured to acquire an ACK message based on the set of sampling instances if the signal is determined to be an ACK signal based on the set of sampling instances and the phase offset, the ACK signal including a set of ORS, each of the ORS including two waves and the waveforms of the two waves being identical.

In some implementations, the determining module 2402 is further configured to determine that an ACK signal is detected if the power of the set of sampling instances is greater than a first threshold and the number of ORS detected is greater than a second threshold.

In some implementations, the determining module 2402 is further configured to determine that an ORS is detected if the phase offset of two consecutive sampling instances is less than a third threshold.

In some embodiments, the obtaining module 2403 is further configured to determine a quadrant corresponding to at least some sampling instances in the set of sampling instances; the ACK message is determined based on the quadrant corresponding to the most sampled instance.

Fig. 25 shows a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 25, the electronic device 25 of this embodiment includes: a processor 2500, a memory 2501, and a computer program 2502 stored in the memory 2501 and executable on the processor 2500, such as a program for generating an ORS. The steps of the various method embodiments described above, such as steps 201 through 206 shown in fig. 2, are implemented when the processor 2500 executes the computer program 2502. Or processor 2500, when executing computer program 2502, implements the functions of the modules in the above-described device embodiments, such as the functions of conversion module 2301 to transmission module 2303 shown in fig. 23.

By way of example, computer program 2502 may be partitioned into one or more modules that are stored in memory 2501 and executed by processor 2500 to implement the present application. One or more of the modules may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing particular functions to describe the execution of the computer program 2502 in the electronic device 25.

The electronic device 25 may implement the functions of the ACK sender and the ACK receiver as described previously. Electronic devices may include, but are not limited to, processor 2500, memory 2501. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that fig. 25 is merely an example of an electronic device 25 and is not intended to limit the electronic device 25, and may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine certain components, or different components, e.g., an electronic device may also include an input-output device, a network access device, a bus, etc.

The Processor 2500 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), but may also be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors (DIGITAL SIGNAL Processor, DSP), application SPECIFIC INTEGRATED Circuit (ASIC), off-the-shelf Programmable gate array (Field-Programmable GATE ARRAY, FPGA) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or the like. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.

The memory 2501 may be an internal storage unit of the electronic device 25, such as a hard disk or memory of the electronic device 25. The memory 2501 may also be an external storage device of the electronic device 25, such as a plug-in hard disk provided on the electronic device 25, a smart memory card (SMART MEDIA CARD, SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) card, a flash memory card (FLASH CARD), or the like. Further, the memory 2501 may also include both internal and external storage units of the electronic device 25. The memory 2501 is used to store computer programs and other programs and data required by the electronic device. The memory 2501 can also be used for temporarily storing data that has been output or is to be output.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, only the above-described division of the functional units and modules is illustrated, and in practical application, the above-described functional distribution may be performed by different functional units and modules according to needs, i.e. the internal structure of the apparatus is divided into different functional units or modules to perform all or part of the above-described functions. The functional units and modules in the embodiment may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit, where the integrated units may be implemented in a form of hardware or a form of a software functional unit. In addition, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for distinguishing from each other, and are not used for limiting the protection scope of the present application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system may refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which is not described herein again.

In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and in part, not described or illustrated in any particular embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.

In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus/terminal device and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the apparatus/terminal device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of modules or units is merely a logical function division, and there may be additional divisions when actually implemented, e.g., multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via interfaces, devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in software functional units.

The integrated modules, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the present application may implement all or part of the flow of the method of the above-described embodiments, or may instruct related hardware to complete through a computer program, and the computer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, may implement the steps of the method embodiments described above. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, executable files or in some intermediate form, etc. The computer readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, a recording medium, a U disk, a removable hard disk, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer Memory, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), an electrical carrier signal, a telecommunications signal, a software distribution medium, and so forth. It should be noted that the content of the computer readable medium can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the requirements of the jurisdiction's jurisdiction and the patent practice, for example, in some jurisdictions, the computer readable medium does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals according to the jurisdiction and the patent practice.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and are not limiting; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present application.

Claims (11)

1. A physical layer acknowledgement method based on cross-technology communication, applied to an ACK sender, the method comprising:

Converting the Acknowledgement (ACK) message to be sent into a bit sequence;

Modulating the bit sequence into an ACK signal, the ACK signal comprising a set of anti-offset signals ORS, each of the ORS comprising two waves and the waveforms of the two waves being identical;

and sending a group of ORSs to an ACK receiver.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second wave of each of the ORS is a first wave of another ORS that follows and is adjacent to the ORS.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the ACK sender stores a mapping relationship between ACK messages, ACK signals, and bit sequences, and the converting the ACK messages to be sent into the bit sequences comprises:

And acquiring the bit sequence from the mapping relation based on the ACK message.

4. A method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein said modulating said bit sequence into an ACK signal comprises:

Converting odd bits of the bit sequence into I pulses;

the even bits of the bit sequence are converted into Q pulses,

And superposing the I pulse and the Q pulse obtained by conversion to obtain the ORS, wherein each wave in the ORS comprises two half I pulses and one complete Q pulse.

5. A physical layer acknowledgement method based on cross-technology communication, applied to an ACK receiver, the method comprising:

sampling a signal from an ACK sender to obtain a group of sampling examples;

Determining phase offsets of two consecutive sampling instances in a set of said sampling instances;

If the signal is determined to be an ACK signal based on a set of the sampling instances and the phase offset, an ACK message is acquired based on a set of the sampling instances, the ACK signal including a set of ORS, each of the ORS including two waves and the waveforms of the two waves being identical.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the determining the signal as an ACK signal based on the set of sampling instances and the phase offset comprises:

If the power of a set of the sampling instances is greater than a first threshold and the number of ORS detected is greater than a second threshold, then it is determined that the ACK signal was detected.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:

if the phase offset of two consecutive sampling instances is less than a third threshold, it is determined that the ORS is detected.

8. The method of any of claims 5-7, wherein the obtaining an ACK message based on the set of sample instances comprises:

determining quadrants corresponding to at least part of the sampling instances in a group of the sampling instances;

and determining the ACK message based on the quadrant corresponding to the most sampling instance.

9. A communication system comprising an ACK sender according to any one of claims 1-4 and an ACK receiver according to any one of claims 5-8.

10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method according to any of claims 1-4 or claims 5-8 when the computer program is executed.

11. A computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that the computer program when executed by a processor implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-4 or claims 5-8.