CN117975682A - Thermal runaway detection alarm device and method for lithium ion battery energy storage system - Google Patents
Thermal runaway detection alarm device and method for lithium ion battery energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 118
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 118
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 112
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010000369 Accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a thermal runaway detection alarm device and a method for a lithium ion battery energy storage system, which relate to the technical field of safety prevention and control of the lithium ion battery energy storage system; the gas collected by the gas collection and distribution module is sequentially transmitted to the gas pretreatment module and the multi-composite gas sensing module, the sensor value of the gas sample is transmitted to the sensing data storage module and stored, the sensing data storage module is used for transmitting the sensor value of the gas sample which is more than or equal to 2 times to the multi-information fusion early warning module for carrying out early warning logic judgment, and the early warning threshold value given by the thermal runaway detection and alarm algorithm is used for sending an early warning signal; and the thermal runaway detection alarm of the lithium ion battery energy storage system is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of safety prevention and control of lithium ion battery energy storage systems, in particular to a thermal runaway detection alarm device and a method for a lithium ion battery energy storage system.
Background
In recent years, the lithium ion battery energy storage system is widely applied in the field of electric power energy storage, and serves new energy sources such as wind, light and the like to run in a grid-connected mode, so that the urgent requirement for constructing a novel electric power system is met. However, the fire disaster of the lithium ion battery energy storage system frequently occurs and is difficult to control, and the fire disaster becomes a main pain point for restricting the development and the application of the lithium ion battery energy storage system. The lithium ion battery is used as an energy-containing element, and in the use process, disaster accidents such as fire and explosion are easily caused by thermal runaway of the battery due to conditions such as insulation reduction, temperature overheating and the like caused by conditions such as electric abuse, thermal abuse or mechanical abuse.
Along with the technical upgrading of the lithium ion battery energy storage system, the integration level of the battery system is obviously increased from 1MW of the traditional air cooling to 5MW of the liquid cooling system, and meanwhile, the protection level of the battery module is increased, so that early smog, gas and other symptoms are difficult to diffuse outside the battery module, and a new challenge is provided for early warning detection. Based on the fire control concept of 'mainly preventing and combining with anti-fire', the anti-control problem of the lithium ion battery energy storage system is solved, and a solution of battery module level detection alarm is provided. The single detection alarm device is difficult to meet the requirement of the current fire detection alarm technology on detection subareas, the problem of difficult verification exists, and once the detector is wrongly reported to start the fire extinguishing device, secondary disasters and economic losses can be caused; the plurality of detectors are arranged, so that the problems of high cost, difficult maintenance and the like exist, the problems of high possibility of false alarm caused by the accumulation of interference factors and the like are solved, and the traditional fire detection alarm technology and the traditional product device are difficult to meet the detection requirements of the battery pack with high integration level and closed space. Meanwhile, as the integration level of the battery module is high, the number and the capacity of the battery module are also high, larger hysteresis is adopted for detecting outside the battery pack, and the batteries in the lithium ion battery pack are densely arranged in series, once the battery core has thermal runaway accidents and rapid spreading and diffusion of fire, the time interval from the appearance of the sign outside the battery pack to the violent combustion of the whole battery pack and even the explosion accident is shorter, the early warning prevention and control effect is difficult to realize, and larger fire accidents and serious economic losses are necessarily caused. In order to overcome the above problems caused by high integration level of the battery energy storage system and improve the safety level of the lithium ion energy storage battery, a technical method and a device product capable of accurately and reliably performing thermal runaway detection and alarm of the lithium ion battery energy storage system are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a thermal runaway detection alarm device and a method for a lithium ion battery energy storage system; the method aims to solve the problems of lag alarm, false alarm, missing alarm, difficulty in early positioning and the like existing in the novel electrochemical energy storage system in the existing detection alarm technology method.
On the one hand, the thermal runaway detection alarm device for the lithium ion battery energy storage system comprises an air suction pipe, a flue gas collecting and distributing module, a flue gas preprocessing module, a multi-composite flue gas sensing module, a sensing data storage module and a multi-information fusion early warning module.
The gas suction pipes are multiple gas suction pipes which are arranged in parallel, the output end of each gas suction pipe is connected with a battery pack to be tested, the output end of each gas suction pipe is connected with a smoke collection and distribution module and is used for collecting smoke in the battery to be tested and transmitting the collected smoke to the smoke collection and distribution module, and the smoke absorbed by any gas suction pipe is set as Sample gas;
The output end of the smoke collection and distribution module is connected with the smoke pretreatment module, the output end of the smoke pretreatment module is connected with the multi-composite smoke sensing module, the smoke collection and distribution module comprises a vacuum pump and an electromagnetic distribution valve, wherein the vacuum pump provides suction force of not less than-80 Kpa for the air suction pipe, and the electromagnetic distribution valve respectively corresponds to the multi-path air suction pipe to select and output address coding signals for positioning the battery pack to be tested;
The flue gas pretreatment module specifically comprises a flue gas pretreatment module a and a flue gas pretreatment module b, wherein the flue gas collection and distribution module is used for respectively transmitting collected flue gas to the flue gas pretreatment module a and the flue gas pretreatment module b according to control logic and drying, filtering, steady flow and balancing the received flue gas, and the flue gas pretreatment module a and the flue gas pretreatment module b are mutually verified to avoid deviation caused by filtering of a single group of flue gas pretreatment modules; wherein the flue gas passing through the flue gas pretreatment module a is recorded as a-, the flue gas passing through the flue gas pretreatment module b is recorded as b-, and an anemometer and a first pressure sensor are arranged at the input end of each group of flue gas pretreatment modules to monitor the pressure and the speed of the air flow flowing into and flowing out of the flue gas pretreatment modules;
The control logic is used for dividing the frequency of the collected smoke according to the set proportion by sampling time;
The multi-composite smoke sensing module is used for analyzing the component types, the concentrations and the symptom values of smoke transmitted by the smoke pretreatment module and comprises a smoke probe, a gas sensing module, a second pressure sensor, two groups of temperature sensors and a first gas flowmeter, wherein the gas sensing module is a CO gas sensor and a H 2、CH4 gas sensor; the multi-composite smoke sensing module comprises a multi-composite smoke sensing module A and a multi-composite smoke sensing module B, wherein the two groups are mutually verified, and deviation caused by drift of a single group of sensors is avoided. The smoke passing through the multi-composite smoke sensing module A is recorded as A-, the smoke passing through the multi-composite smoke sensing module A is recorded as B-, and a second gas flowmeter and a third pressure sensor are arranged at the inlet of each group of smoke pretreatment module to monitor the pressure and the speed of the airflow flowing into and flowing out of the multi-composite smoke sensing module.
The sensing data storage module is used for acquiring local cache of data by the flue gas acquisition and distribution module, the multi-composite flue gas sensing module and the flue gas preprocessing module, and specifically comprises address change signals of a gas suction pipe number of Sample gas, a flue gas preprocessing module number and a multi-composite flue gas sensing module number, and further comprises data information of the sensor modules of the multi-composite flue gas sensing module and the flue gas preprocessing module, namely the locally cached sensing data, wherein the storage capacity of the locally cached sensing data is not lower than 24 hours;
the multi-information fusion early warning module is a microprocessor, provides a hardware platform for the operation of a thermal runaway detection alarm algorithm, and outputs a grading early warning and alarm signal of a battery thermal runaway disaster;
The thermal runaway detection alarm algorithm comprises a multi-dimensional information fusion algorithm, an early warning judgment correction algorithm and a positioning algorithm;
The multi-dimensional information fusion algorithm is a sequential Kalman filtering fusion algorithm, wherein smoke, gas and temperature are subjected to pixel-level fusion treatment, and multi-dimensional information of the smoke, the gas and the temperature is subjected to coupling superposition through a multi-level coupling Kalman filter;
The early warning judgment correction algorithm corrects the smoke parameter values acquired by the sensor by combining a passing rational gas state equation of gas flow, pressure and wind speed, uses a BP neural network algorithm for self-correction, realizes hierarchical alarm logic, and improves universality of the algorithm in different scenes;
The hierarchical alarm logic comprises three-level alarm, wherein the first-level alarm response is to start the fire extinguishing system; the secondary alarm response is to send a trigger signal for cutting off the power supply to the battery system; the three-level alarm response is to send a fault early warning signal to the battery system, and no specific response action exists.
The positioning algorithm positions the detected thermal runaway battery pack by adopting an encoding method through the gas suction pipe number of Sample gas, the filter module number and the address change signal corresponding to the sensor number, and a time sequence neural network is introduced to correct early warning alarm parameters of the encoding position, and specifically corrects parameters and alarm threshold values in an early warning judgment correction algorithm to realize the functions of encoding correction and algorithm efficiency improvement;
On the other hand, the thermal runaway detection alarm method for the lithium ion battery energy storage system is realized by using the thermal runaway detection alarm device based on the lithium ion battery energy storage system and comprises the following steps of:
step 1: the air suction pipe provided with a buckle is assembled at the reserved hole of the battery pack;
Step 2: numbering the battery pack modules corresponding to the air suction pipes through the flue gas collection and distribution modules and realizing one-to-one correspondence between the air suction pipes and battery packs in the lithium ion battery energy storage system;
Step 3: starting a vacuum pump of the smoke collection and distribution module to sample and monitor the gas of a battery pack in the lithium ion battery energy storage system, wherein the sampling period is not more than 60s, and recording and numbering an air suction pipe through an electromagnetic distribution valve of the smoke collection and distribution module;
Step 4: transmitting the gas Sample of Sample1 acquired by the flue gas acquisition and distribution module to a flue gas pretreatment module a, updating and encoding the gas Sample into a-Sample1, and drying and filtering the gas Sample of Sample1 by the flue gas pretreatment module a;
Step 5: transmitting the gas Sample of Sample1 acquired by the flue gas acquisition and distribution module to a flue gas pretreatment module b, updating and encoding the gas Sample into b-Sample1, and drying and filtering the gas Sample of Sample1 by the flue gas pretreatment module b;
Step 6: transmitting the gas Sample a-Sample1 processed by the flue gas pretreatment module a to a multi-compound flue gas sensing module A, updating and encoding the gas Sample a-Sample1 into A-a-Sample1, sequentially processing and obtaining four groups of sensor data results A-a-Sample1, A-B-Sample1, B-a-Sample1 and B-B-Sample1 of the Sample1 gas Sample, and recording the sensor values of the Sample1 gas Sample;
the four groups of sensor data are 4 groups of data formed by mutually checking a smoke pretreatment module a and a smoke pretreatment module b corresponding to Sample1 gas samples and a multi-composite smoke sensing module a and a multi-composite smoke sensing module b;
Step 7: transmitting the sensor value of the Sample1 gas Sample to a sensing data storage module for storage, transmitting the sensor value of the Sample1 gas Sample to a multi-information fusion early warning module for early warning logic judgment through the sensing data storage module, transmitting the sensor value of the Sample1 gas Sample with the sampling frequency more than or equal to 2 times to the multi-information fusion early warning module for time sharing and shunt verification of the sensor value, marking the value given after the exponential averaging of the verified value as a sensor verification average value, judging the given sensor verification average value through a thermal runaway detection alarm algorithm, and sending an early warning signal once the judgment output of the thermal runaway detection alarm algorithm reaches the alarm threshold value;
Step 8: and (3) repeating the steps 1-7, and carrying out sampling treatment on different battery modules to realize thermal runaway detection and alarm of the lithium ion battery energy storage system.
The beneficial effects of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme to produce lie in:
The invention provides a thermal runaway detection alarm device and a thermal runaway detection alarm method for a lithium ion battery energy storage system, which are used for solving the problems of false alarm, missing report and the like caused by the interference of a corresponding detection sensing device of the lithium ion battery energy storage system through a passive air suction pipe, and meanwhile, effectively filtering water vapor and dust which are interfered in a battery pack of the lithium ion battery energy storage system and have high corresponding integration level of a smoke pretreatment module, so that the reliability of detection alarm is improved. The smoke pretreatment module and the multi-composite smoke sensing module which are mutually verified avoid environmental interference and improve alarm reliability; the intelligent monitoring and reliable alarm of the lithium ion battery energy storage system are realized through a thermal runaway detection alarm algorithm operated by the multi-information fusion early warning module, and related device equipment does not exist in the field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a thermal runaway detection alarm device for a lithium ion battery energy storage system in an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an overall thermal runaway detection and alarm method for a lithium ion battery energy storage system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
On the one hand, the thermal runaway detection alarm device for the lithium ion battery energy storage system, as shown in fig. 1, comprises an air suction pipe, a flue gas collecting and distributing module, a flue gas pretreatment module, a multi-composite flue gas sensing module, a sensing data storage module and a multi-information fusion early warning module.
The air suction pipes are multipath air suction pipes, which are respectively marked as an air suction pipe 1, an air suction pipe 2, an air suction pipe 3 and … … and an air suction pipe N in the embodiment; the output end of each air suction pipe is connected with a battery pack to be tested, the output end of each air suction pipe is connected with a smoke collecting and distributing module, and the smoke collecting and distributing module is used for collecting smoke in the battery to be tested and transmitting the collected smoke to the smoke collecting and distributing module, wherein the smoke absorbed by any air suction pipe is set as Sample gas;
The output end of the smoke collection and distribution module is connected with the smoke pretreatment module, the output end of the smoke pretreatment module is connected with the multi-compound smoke sensing module to distribute collected gas, the smoke collection and distribution module comprises a vacuum pump and an electromagnetic distribution valve, wherein the vacuum pump provides suction force of not less than-80 Kpa for an air suction pipe, the gas flow is required to be more than or equal to 0.01, the electromagnetic distribution valve respectively corresponds to a plurality of air suction pipes to select and output address coding signals, and the electromagnetic distribution valve is used for positioning a battery pack to be tested, and in the embodiment, the corresponding numbers are Sample1, sample2, sample3, … … and SampleN;
The flue gas pretreatment module specifically comprises a flue gas pretreatment module a and a flue gas pretreatment module b, wherein the flue gas collection and distribution module is used for respectively transmitting collected flue gas to the flue gas pretreatment module a and the flue gas pretreatment module b according to control logic and drying, filtering, stabilizing and balancing the received flue gas so as to avoid interference of interference gas, dust and water vapor on the detection precision of the multi-composite flue gas sensing module, and the flue gas pretreatment module a and the flue gas pretreatment module b are mutually verified so as to avoid deviation caused by filtering of a single group of flue gas pretreatment modules; the method comprises the steps that the flue gas passing through a flue gas pretreatment module a is recorded as a-, the flue gas passing through a flue gas pretreatment module b is recorded as b-, an anemometer and a first pressure sensor are arranged at the input end of each group of flue gas pretreatment modules, the pressure and the speed of the air flow flowing into and out of the flue gas pretreatment modules are monitored, and the pressure or the flow of an inlet and an outlet of the flue gas pretreatment modules are required to be more than or equal to 1.5;
The control logic is used for dividing the frequency of the collected smoke according to the set proportion by sampling time;
The control logic in this embodiment includes 2 steps of inspection control and distribution control, firstly, sequentially collecting gas of the battery modules of Sample1, sample2, sample3, … …, sampleN by the gas suction pipe 1, the gas suction pipe 2, the gas suction pipe 3, … …, and the gas suction pipe N, and performing inspection and gas suction sampling, wherein the sampling time is 10t s, and then, according to 7:3, namely distributing logic that the sampled gas is led to the smoke pretreatment module a according to 7t s and 3t s is led to the smoke pretreatment module b
The multi-composite smoke sensing module is used for analyzing the component types, the concentrations and the symptom values of smoke transmitted by the smoke pretreatment module and comprises a smoke probe, a gas sensing module, a second pressure sensor, two groups of temperature sensors and a first gas flowmeter, wherein the gas sensing module is a CO gas sensor and a H 2、CH4 gas sensor; the multi-composite smoke sensing module comprises a multi-composite smoke sensing module A and a multi-composite smoke sensing module B, wherein the two groups are mutually verified, and deviation caused by drift of a single group of sensors is avoided. The flue gas passing through the multi-composite flue gas sensing module A is recorded as A-, the flue gas passing through the multi-composite flue gas sensing module A is recorded as B-, and a second gas flowmeter and a third pressure sensor are arranged at the inlet of each group of flue gas pretreatment module to monitor the pressure and the speed of the air flowing into and out of the multi-composite flue gas sensing module, wherein the pressure or the flow of the inlet and the outlet of the multi-composite flue gas sensing module is more than or equal to 1.5.
The sensing data storage module is used for acquiring local cache of data by the flue gas acquisition and distribution module, the multi-composite flue gas sensing module and the flue gas preprocessing module, and specifically comprises address change signals of a gas suction pipe number of Sample gas, a flue gas preprocessing module number and a multi-composite flue gas sensing module number, and further comprises data information of the sensor modules of the multi-composite flue gas sensing module and the flue gas preprocessing module, namely the locally cached sensing data, wherein the storage capacity of the locally cached sensing data is not lower than 24 hours;
the multi-information fusion early warning module is a microprocessor, provides a hardware platform for the operation of a thermal runaway detection alarm algorithm, and outputs a grading early warning and alarm signal of a battery thermal runaway disaster;
The thermal runaway detection alarm algorithm comprises a multi-dimensional information fusion algorithm, an early warning judgment correction algorithm and a positioning algorithm;
The multi-dimensional information fusion algorithm is a sequential Kalman filtering fusion algorithm, wherein smoke, gas and temperature are subjected to pixel-level fusion treatment, and multi-dimensional information of the smoke, the gas and the temperature is subjected to coupling superposition through a multi-level coupling Kalman filter;
The early warning judgment correction algorithm is used for correcting the smoke parameter values acquired by the sensor by combining a passing rational gas state equation of gas flow, pressure and wind speed, so as to avoid false alarm, missing alarm and the like caused by environmental climate change; the early warning judgment correction algorithm uses the BP neural network algorithm to carry out self-correction, so as to realize hierarchical alarm logic and promote universality of the algorithm in different scenes;
The hierarchical alarm logic comprises three-level alarm, wherein the first-level alarm response is to start the fire extinguishing system; the secondary alarm response is to send a trigger signal for cutting off the power supply to the battery system; the three-level alarm response is to send a fault early warning signal to the battery system, and no specific response action exists.
The positioning algorithm positions the detected thermal runaway battery pack by adopting an encoding method through the gas suction pipe number of Sample gas, the filter module number and the address change signal corresponding to the sensor number, and a time sequence neural network is introduced to correct early warning alarm parameters of the encoding position, and specifically corrects parameters and alarm threshold values in an early warning judgment correction algorithm to realize the functions of encoding correction and algorithm efficiency improvement;
on the other hand, the thermal runaway detection alarm method for the lithium ion battery energy storage system is realized by using the thermal runaway detection alarm device based on the lithium ion battery energy storage system, as shown in fig. 2, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: the air suction pipe provided with a buckle is assembled at the reserved hole of the battery pack;
Step 2: numbering the battery pack modules corresponding to the air suction pipes through the flue gas collection and distribution modules and realizing one-to-one correspondence between the air suction pipes and battery packs in the lithium ion battery energy storage system;
Step 3: starting a vacuum pump of the smoke collection and distribution module to sample and monitor the gas of a battery pack in the lithium ion battery energy storage system, wherein the sampling period is not more than 60s, and recording and numbering an air suction pipe through an electromagnetic distribution valve of the smoke collection and distribution module;
Step 4: transmitting the gas Sample of Sample1 acquired by the flue gas acquisition and distribution module to a flue gas pretreatment module a, updating and encoding the gas Sample into a-Sample1, and drying and filtering the gas Sample of Sample1 by the flue gas pretreatment module a;
Step 5: transmitting the gas Sample of Sample1 acquired by the flue gas acquisition and distribution module to a flue gas pretreatment module b, updating and encoding the gas Sample into b-Sample1, and drying and filtering the gas Sample of Sample1 by the flue gas pretreatment module b;
Step 6: transmitting the gas Sample a-Sample1 processed by the flue gas pretreatment module a to a multi-compound flue gas sensing module A, updating and encoding the gas Sample a-Sample1 into A-a-Sample1, sequentially processing and obtaining four groups of sensor data results A-a-Sample1, A-B-Sample1, B-a-Sample1 and B-B-Sample1 of the Sample1 gas Sample, and recording the sensor values of the Sample1 gas Sample;
the four groups of sensor data are 4 groups of data formed by mutually checking a smoke pretreatment module a and a smoke pretreatment module b corresponding to Sample1 gas samples and a multi-composite smoke sensing module a and a multi-composite smoke sensing module b;
Step 7: transmitting the sensor value of the Sample1 gas Sample to a sensing data storage module for storage, transmitting the sensor value of the Sample1 gas Sample to a multi-information fusion early warning module for early warning logic judgment through the sensing data storage module, transmitting the sensor value of the Sample1 gas Sample with the sampling frequency more than or equal to 2 times to the multi-information fusion early warning module for time sharing and shunt verification of the sensor value, marking the value given after the exponential averaging of the verified value as a sensor verification average value, judging the given sensor verification average value through a thermal runaway detection alarm algorithm, and sending an early warning signal once the judgment output of the thermal runaway detection alarm algorithm reaches the alarm threshold value; wherein the standard deviation of the sensor values is required to be 0.05 or less;
Step 8: and (3) repeating the steps 1-7, and carrying out sampling treatment on different battery modules to realize thermal runaway detection and alarm of the lithium ion battery energy storage system.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and description of the principles of the technology being employed. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the scope of the invention in the embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to the specific combination of the above technical features, but encompasses other technical features formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalents without departing from the spirit of the invention. Such as the above-described features, are mutually substituted with (but not limited to) the features having similar functions disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
Claims (7)
1. The thermal runaway detection alarm device for the lithium ion battery energy storage system is characterized by comprising an air suction pipe, a flue gas collecting and distributing module, a flue gas pretreatment module, a multi-composite flue gas sensing module, a sensing data storage module and a multi-information fusion early warning module;
The gas suction pipes are multiple gas suction pipes which are arranged in parallel, the input end of each gas suction pipe is connected with a battery pack to be tested, the output end of each gas suction pipe is connected with a smoke collection and distribution module, and the gas collection and distribution module is used for collecting and transmitting smoke in the battery to be tested, wherein the smoke absorbed by any gas suction pipe is recorded as Sample gas;
The output end of the smoke collection and distribution module is connected with a smoke pretreatment module, and the output end of the smoke pretreatment module is connected with a multi-composite smoke sensing module; the flue gas pretreatment module specifically comprises a flue gas pretreatment module a and a flue gas pretreatment module b, wherein the flue gas collection and distribution module is used for respectively transmitting collected flue gas to the flue gas pretreatment module a and the flue gas pretreatment module b according to control logic and drying, filtering, steady flow and balancing the received flue gas, and the flue gas pretreatment module a and the flue gas pretreatment module b are mutually verified to avoid deviation caused by filtering of a single group of flue gas pretreatment modules; wherein the flue gas passing through the flue gas pretreatment module a is recorded as a-, the flue gas passing through the flue gas pretreatment module b is recorded as b-, and an anemometer and a first pressure sensor are arranged at the input end of each group of flue gas pretreatment modules to monitor the pressure and the speed of the air flow flowing into and flowing out of the flue gas pretreatment modules;
The multi-composite smoke sensing module is used for analyzing the component types, the concentrations and the symptom values of smoke transmitted by the smoke pretreatment module and comprises a smoke probe, a gas sensing module, a second pressure sensor, two groups of temperature sensors and a first gas flowmeter, wherein the gas sensing module is a CO gas sensor and a H 2、CH4 gas sensor; the multi-composite smoke sensing module comprises a multi-composite smoke sensing module A and a multi-composite smoke sensing module B, wherein the two groups are mutually verified, and deviation caused by drift of a single group of sensors is avoided; the smoke passing through the multi-composite smoke sensing module A is recorded as A-, the smoke passing through the multi-composite smoke sensing module A is recorded as B-, and a second gas flowmeter and a third pressure sensor are arranged at the inlet of each group of smoke pretreatment modules to monitor the pressure and the speed of the airflow flowing into and flowing out of the multi-composite smoke sensing module;
The multi-information fusion early warning module is a microprocessor, provides a hardware platform for the operation of a thermal runaway detection alarm algorithm, and outputs grading early warning and alarm signals of the battery thermal runaway disasters.
2. The thermal runaway detection and alarm device for a lithium ion battery energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the control logic is used for time-sharing sampling of the collected smoke according to a set proportion by sampling time.
3. The thermal runaway detection alarm device for the lithium ion battery energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the sensing data storage module is used for local caching of data acquired by the flue gas acquisition and distribution module, the multi-composite flue gas sensing module and the flue gas preprocessing module, specifically comprises address change signals of a gas suction pipe number of Sample gas, a flue gas preprocessing module number and a multi-composite flue gas sensing module number, and further comprises data information of a sensor module of the multi-composite flue gas sensing module and the flue gas preprocessing module, namely locally cached sensing data, and the storage capacity of the sensing data is not lower than 24 hours.
4. The thermal runaway detection and alarm device for the lithium ion battery energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas collection and distribution module comprises a vacuum pump and an electromagnetic distribution valve, wherein the vacuum pump provides suction force of not less than-80 Kpa for the suction pipes, and the electromagnetic distribution valve is used for selecting and outputting address coding signals corresponding to multiple paths of suction pipes respectively for positioning a battery pack to be tested.
5. The thermal runaway detection and alarm device for the lithium ion battery energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the thermal runaway detection and alarm algorithm comprises a multi-dimensional information fusion algorithm, an early warning judgment and correction algorithm and a positioning algorithm;
The multi-dimensional information fusion algorithm is a sequential Kalman filtering fusion algorithm, wherein smoke, gas and temperature are subjected to pixel-level fusion treatment, multi-dimensional information of the smoke, the gas and the temperature acquired by a plurality of sensors is sequentially subjected to coupling superposition through a Kalman filter with multi-level coupling, and distributed fusion logic is adopted, namely, fusion is carried out on data of a single sensor and fusion is carried out on fusion data of different sensors;
the early warning judgment correction algorithm is used for correcting the smoke parameter values acquired by the sensor through an ideal gas state equation in combination with the gas flow, the pressure and the wind speed, and uses a BP neural network algorithm for self-correction, so that hierarchical alarm logic is realized, and the universality of the algorithm in different scenes is improved;
The positioning algorithm positions the detected thermal runaway battery pack by adopting an encoding method through the gas suction pipe number of Sample gas, the filter module number and the address change signal corresponding to the sensor number, and the early warning alarm parameters of the encoding position are corrected by introducing a time sequence neural network, and the parameters and the alarm threshold value in the early warning judgment correction algorithm are corrected specifically, so that the effects of encoding correction and algorithm efficiency improvement are realized.
6. The thermal runaway detection and alarm device for a lithium ion battery energy storage system of claim 5, wherein the hierarchical alarm logic comprises a three-stage alarm, and the one-stage alarm response is to start a fire extinguishing system of the battery energy storage system; the secondary alarm response is to send a trigger signal for cutting off the power supply to the battery system; the three-level alarm response is to send a fault early warning signal to the battery system, and no specific response action exists.
7. The thermal runaway detection alarm method for the lithium ion battery energy storage system is realized by the thermal runaway detection alarm device based on the lithium ion battery energy storage system according to claim 1 and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the air suction pipe provided with a buckle is assembled at the reserved hole of the battery pack;
Step 2: numbering the battery pack modules corresponding to the air suction pipes through the flue gas collection and distribution modules and realizing one-to-one correspondence between the air suction pipes and battery packs in the lithium ion battery energy storage system;
Step 3: starting a vacuum pump of the smoke collection and distribution module to sample and monitor the gas of a battery pack in the lithium ion battery energy storage system, wherein the sampling period is not more than 60s, and recording and numbering an air suction pipe through an electromagnetic distribution valve of the smoke collection and distribution module;
Step 4: transmitting the gas Sample of Sample1 acquired by the flue gas acquisition and distribution module to a flue gas pretreatment module a, updating and encoding the gas Sample into a-Sample1, and drying and filtering the gas Sample of Sample1 by the flue gas pretreatment module a;
Step 5: transmitting the gas Sample of Sample1 acquired by the flue gas acquisition and distribution module to a flue gas pretreatment module b, updating and encoding the gas Sample into b-Sample1, and drying and filtering the gas Sample of Sample1 by the flue gas pretreatment module b;
Step 6: transmitting the gas Sample a-Sample1 processed by the flue gas pretreatment module a to a multi-compound flue gas sensing module A, updating and encoding the gas Sample a-Sample1 into A-a-Sample1, sequentially processing and obtaining four groups of sensor data results A-a-Sample1, A-B-Sample1, B-a-Sample1 and B-B-Sample1 of the Sample1 gas Sample, and recording the sensor values of the Sample1 gas Sample;
the four groups of sensor data are 4 groups of data formed by mutually checking a smoke pretreatment module a and a smoke pretreatment module b corresponding to Sample1 gas samples and a multi-composite smoke sensing module a and a multi-composite smoke sensing module b;
Step 7: transmitting the sensor value of the Sample1 gas Sample to a sensing data storage module for storage, transmitting the sensor value of the Sample1 gas Sample to a multi-information fusion early warning module for early warning logic judgment through the sensing data storage module, transmitting the sensor value of the Sample1 gas Sample with the sampling frequency more than or equal to 2 times to the multi-information fusion early warning module for time sharing and shunt verification of the sensor value, marking the value given after the exponential averaging of the verified value as a sensor verification average value, judging the given sensor verification average value through a thermal runaway detection alarm algorithm, and sending an early warning signal once the judgment output of the thermal runaway detection alarm algorithm reaches the alarm threshold value;
Step 8: and (3) repeating the steps 1-7, and carrying out sampling treatment on different battery modules to realize thermal runaway detection and alarm of the lithium ion battery energy storage system.
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