CN117970196A - Superaudio induction type magnetic field sensor and application thereof in high-resolution mineral exploration - Google Patents

Superaudio induction type magnetic field sensor and application thereof in high-resolution mineral exploration Download PDF

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CN117970196A
CN117970196A CN202410385881.7A CN202410385881A CN117970196A CN 117970196 A CN117970196 A CN 117970196A CN 202410385881 A CN202410385881 A CN 202410385881A CN 117970196 A CN117970196 A CN 117970196A
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coil
magnetic field
field sensor
feedback
induction
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CN117970196B (en
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康利利
王中兴
刘志尧
李子航
张天信
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Institute of Geology and Geophysics of CAS
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Institute of Geology and Geophysics of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a supersonic frequency induction type magnetic field sensor and application thereof in high-resolution mineral exploration. The effective working high-frequency of the ultrasonic frequency induction type magnetic field sensor is far greater than that of the traditional audio frequency induction type magnetic field sensor, the ultrasonic frequency induction type magnetic field sensor can be applied to an ultrasonic frequency controllable source electromagnetic detection system, high-resolution detection of underground shallow electrical information is achieved, shallow dead zones of the audio frequency electromagnetic detection system are reduced, shallow electrical structure constraint is provided for deep mineral resource detection, the volume effect influence of a shallow low-resistance target is relieved, and the precision of the traditional electromagnetic detection system is improved.

Description

Superaudio induction type magnetic field sensor and application thereof in high-resolution mineral exploration
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mineral exploration application, and particularly relates to a superaudio induction type magnetic field sensor suitable for a controllable source audio magnetotelluric method or a magnetotelluric method and a design method thereof.
Background
Mineral resources are in shortage and have high external dependence, so that the economic and social development of China is severely restricted. The middle shallow part (500 meters or more) is a main area for exploring and exploiting mineral resources, the high-resolution detection of the middle shallow part mineral resources is developed, the underground mineral deposit distribution rule is clarified, the breakthrough of shallow part exploration blind areas is facilitated, and meanwhile, a powerful support is provided for accurate and efficient exploitation of the mineral resources.
The ultrasonic frequency (10 kHz-600 kHz) controllable source magnetotelluric detection technology is based on the controllable source audio magnetotelluric theory, utilizes an artificial source of ultrasonic frequency band to excite the earth, acquires underground electrical information by measuring orthogonal horizontal electric field Ex and vertical magnetic field component Hy on the earth surface, and can realize high-resolution detection of underground shallow low-resistance mineral thin layers. On one hand, the method can detect the distribution condition of shallow mineral resources with high resolution, and study the origin and distribution rule of the assisted deposit; on the other hand, the high-resolution shallow electrical structure information can provide shallow constraint conditions for inversion interpretation of deep mineral resource detection data, and reduce the influence of the volume effect of a shallow low-resistance target on deep electrical structure detection.
However, most of the existing domestic induction magnetic field sensors for electromagnetic detection are designed by a controllable source audio magnetotelluric method or magnetotelluric method, the high frequency can only cover 10 kHz-100 kHz, the highest frequency is not more than 200kHz, and the lack of bandwidth can cover 10 kHz-600 kHz of the ultrasonic induction magnetic field sensor, so that the novel ultrasonic induction magnetic field sensor suitable for ultrasonic electromagnetic detection needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a superaudio induction type magnetic field sensor which covers the bandwidth of 10 kHz-600 kHz and is applied to high-resolution mineral exploration to realize high-resolution detection of underground shallow electrical information, reduce shallow dead zones of an audio electromagnetic detection system, provide shallow electrical structure constraint for deep mineral resource detection, slow down the volume effect influence of a shallow low-resistance target and improve the precision of a traditional electromagnetic detection system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A superaudio inductive magnetic field sensor comprising:
A magnetic core with wide frequency band and high magnetic conductivity, wherein the magnetic core is made of nano crystal soft magnetic material;
The coil comprises an induction coil and a feedback coil, wherein the feedback coil is positioned at the outer side of the induction coil, the induction coil and the feedback coil are wound at the outer side of the magnetic core in a single-layer and sectional winding mode, and a compensation coil tap with the same inductance as the secondary inductance and close capacitance to the secondary capacitance is reserved on the induction coil;
The sensing circuit receives signals from the induction coil, the sensing circuit is a current feedback type magnetic flux negative feedback circuit with a signal filtering and amplifying function, current is output to the feedback coil through open loop output voltage of the sensing circuit, the feedback coil and the induction coil form magnetic flux negative feedback in a mutual inductance mode, and the sensing circuit further comprises damping matching resistors used for compensating high-order resonance points, and the damping matching resistors are connected to two ends of a tap of the compensation coil in parallel.
Alternatively, the magnetic core is formed by laminating a plurality of layers of flaky nano-crystalline soft magnetic materials with the thickness of 20-25 mu m.
Alternatively, the magnetic core is a cylinder or a cuboid.
Alternatively, the coil cross-sectional shape is circular or any other shape with a computable area. The area calculation means that the area calculation mode is accurate and easy to calculate, and the situation that the area is approximately calculated and complex is eliminated.
The design method of the ultrasonic frequency induction type magnetic field sensor comprises the following steps:
The method comprises the steps of compensating high-order resonance points of an induction coil, designing and debugging parameters of the induction coil, adjusting impedance parameters of the induction coil, ensuring that only one high-order resonance point is reserved in a band, then actually measuring impedance curves of the induction coil, solving equation sets through constructing secondary capacitors and secondary inductances, fitting the actually measured impedance curves, calculating secondary capacitors and secondary inductances corresponding to the high-order resonance points in the band, and compensating the high-order resonance points in the band in a parallel damping matching resistance mode.
Alternatively, the induction coil parameters include, but are not limited to, diameter, number of turns, winding range, and wire diameter of the induction coil. The design and debugging method of the induction coil can refer to CN111428380A and 2020.07.17, and is a simulation design method, device and electronic equipment for structural parameters of the air core coil. After the induction coil is designed and wound, the impedance of the induction coil is tested, the position of a high-order resonance point is determined, and the process is repeatedly executed until only one high-order resonance point exists in the band.
Further, the design method of the supersonic frequency induction type magnetic field sensor further comprises the following steps:
and the feedback mode of the readout circuit selects current feedback, and adjusts the feedback depth by adjusting the current gain, so as to compensate the influence of the limited number of turns of the feedback coil on the feedback depth.
Further, the design method of the supersonic frequency induction type magnetic field sensor further comprises the following steps:
The magnetic core material is selected from a wide-band and high-permeability soft magnetic material, so that the sensitivity is improved on the premise of ensuring the bandwidth.
Further, the design method of the supersonic frequency induction type magnetic field sensor further comprises the following steps:
The winding mode of the coil is selected, and the parasitic capacitance of the coil is reduced by adopting a single-layer winding and sectional combination mode, so that the effective bandwidth of the coil is ensured.
A high-resolution mineral exploration method adopts the ultrasonic frequency induction type magnetic field sensor and is matched with a controllable source audio magnetotelluric method or magnetotelluric method.
Alternatively, the bandwidth of the ultrasonic inductive magnetic field sensor covers 10kHz to 600kHz.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
(1) The effective working high-frequency of the ultrasonic frequency induction type magnetic field sensor is far greater than that of the existing audio frequency induction type magnetic field sensor, the ultrasonic frequency induction type magnetic field sensor can be applied to an ultrasonic frequency controllable source electromagnetic detection system, high-resolution detection of underground shallow electrical information is achieved, shallow dead zones of the audio frequency electromagnetic detection system are reduced, shallow electrical structure constraint is provided for deep mineral resource detection, the volume effect influence of a shallow low-resistance target is relieved, and the precision of the traditional electromagnetic detection system is improved.
(2) The thought of compensating for the high-order resonance point in the design method of the superaudio induction type magnetic field sensor can be popularized and applied to compensating for the high-order resonance point of the magnetic sensor in other frequency bands.
(3) The feedback mode of the readout circuit can adopt other circuit modes to construct current feedback besides the voltage-controlled current source feedback circuit, thereby expanding the range of circuit design and being beneficial to designing different current feedback circuits under different scenes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single-layer wound segmented combined coil structure according to the present invention;
In the figure: 1-connectors; 2-connecting the wire harness; 3-a magnetic core; 4-a feedback coil; 5-a thin film barrier layer; 6-a housing; 7-sectioning the baffle; 8-an induction coil; 9-a shielding layer; 10-an induction coil sleeve; 11-a circuit board;
FIG. 2 is an ideal equivalent circuit model of an inductive magnetic field sensor and equivalent circuit models before and after compensation of high-order resonance points in the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sensing circuit based on voltage controlled current source type magnetic flux negative feedback in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the measured and simulated impedance of a core coil according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the response curve of the magnetic field sensor in the present invention, wherein the graph includes an ideal circuit model of the ultrasonic inductive magnetic field sensor, an actual equivalent model with in-band high-order resonance points, and an equivalent model with compensated in-band high-order resonance points;
fig. 6 is a graph showing the actual response of the ultrasonic inductive magnetic field sensor according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, but it should not be construed that the scope of the subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments, and various modifications, substitutions and alterations made according to the ordinary skill and familiar means of the art to which this invention pertains are included within the scope of the present invention without departing from the above technical idea of the invention.
Compared with an induction type magnetic field sensor working in an audio frequency section, the invention needs to consider the following 3 problems when designing the superaudio magnetic field sensor:
1) The supersonic induction type magnetic field sensor requires a core coil (i.e., a core and an induction coil) to have a higher resonance frequency, and thus parasitic capacitance and inductance of the core coil need to be reduced as much as possible. However, considering the design requirement of high sensitivity, the sensor is required to have as many turns as possible, so that the contradiction exists between the bandwidth and the sensitivity of the magnetic core coil, and the structural process of the sensor is required to be improved so as to improve the sensitivity as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the bandwidth;
2) The magnetic core coil can be equivalent to a second-order network of inductance, resistance series connection and capacitance parallel connection in ideal condition, but because of secondary inductance and secondary capacitance existing between the coils, the actual magnetic core coil generally has second, third and other higher-order resonance points. The existence of the high-order resonance point can affect the effective working bandwidth of the sensor, so a matching circuit is required to be designed to compensate the influence of the high-order resonance point;
3) The ultrasonic frequency induction type magnetic field sensor has higher working frequency, the impedance influence of the feedback coil is not neglected, the traditional voltage feedback technology is not adaptive any more, and the mutual inductance of the magnetic core coil and the feedback coil influences parasitic parameters of the magnetic core coil aiming at ultrasonic frequency bands, so that the number of turns of the feedback coil is not too large, and the feedback depth is not limited.
Aiming at the technical problem 1), the invention designs a single-layer wound sectional combined coil shown in fig. 1, which specifically comprises a connector 1, a connecting wire harness 2, a magnetic core 3, a feedback coil 4, a thin film interlayer 5, a shell 6, a sectional partition 7, an induction coil 8, a shielding layer 9, an induction coil sleeve 10 and a circuit board 11, wherein the induction coil 8 is in single-layer close winding, the feedback coil 4 is in single-layer non-close winding, and each section is wound at equal intervals. The induction coil 8 and the feedback coil 4 are combined with the nano crystal ultrathin laminated magnetic core 3 (lamination refers to the magnetic core 3 made by overlapping a plurality of rectangular nano crystal layers, and the middle of the layers is glued together by insulating glue) to form a sensitive unit of the supersonic frequency induction type magnetic sensor. By means of the broadband high permeability characteristic of the nanocrystal material, the effective permeability of the ultrasonic frequency band magnetic core 3 is ensured, and the ultrasonic frequency band sensitivity coefficient is further ensured; the single-layer wound sectional combined coil is adopted, so that parasitic parameters, especially parasitic capacitance, of the coil are reduced, the coil is ensured to have higher resonance frequency, and further, the effective bandwidth of the coil is ensured.
Aiming at the technical problem 2), the invention provides a high-order resonance point compensation method based on a matching resistor, which comprises the steps of firstly, adjusting the impedance parameters of an induction coil by designing and debugging parameters such as the diameter, the number of turns, a winding range, the wire diameter and the like of the induction coil, ensuring that only one high-order resonance point is reserved in a band, then actually measuring the impedance curve of the induction coil, solving an equation set by constructing a secondary capacitor and a secondary inductor, fitting the actually measured impedance curve, calculating the secondary capacitor and the secondary inductor corresponding to the high-order resonance point in the band, and compensating the high-order resonance point in the band by adopting a parallel damping matching resistor mode.
And a compensation coil tap with the same inductance as the secondary inductance is reserved in the sectional combined coil, and the equivalent capacitance of the compensation coil is close to the secondary capacitance, so that the deviation between the equivalent capacitance and the secondary capacitance is in an error tolerance range due to smaller capacitance value, and the influence on the compensation effect is negligible. At this time, critical damping or over-damping matching of a high-order resonant network formed by the secondary inductor and the secondary capacitor is realized at two ends of the tap of the compensation coil in a parallel resistor mode, and compensation of a high-order resonant point is finally realized, and an ideal equivalent circuit model of the induction magnetic field sensor and equivalent circuit models before and after compensation of the high-order resonant point are shown in fig. 2.
In fig. 2, (a) is an ideal circuit equivalent model of the inductive magnetic field sensor; (b) An ideal circuit equivalent transfer function model of the induction magnetic field sensor; (c) An actual inductive magnetic field sensor circuit equivalent model with a high-order resonance point exists; (d) An equivalent transfer function model of an actual induction magnetic field sensor with a high-order resonance point; (e) An equivalent model of the circuit of the induction magnetic field sensor after the high-order resonance point compensation; (f) And compensating the equivalent transfer function model of the induction magnetic field sensor after the high-order resonance point.
According to the equivalent model, the transfer functions of the corresponding induction type magnetic sensors are calculated as follows:
The ideal circuit equivalent transfer function H a of the inductive magnetic field sensor is:
(1)
Wherein, the magnetic core coil ideal circuit equivalent transfer function is H c:
(2)
After introducing the high-order resonance point, the transfer function H p of the actual inductive magnetic field sensor is:
(3)
(4)
Wherein, the magnetic core coil equivalent transfer function H s with high-order resonance point is:
(5)
the transfer function H m of the inductive magnetic field sensor after the high-order resonance point compensation is as follows:
(6)
(7)
Wherein, the equivalent transfer function H d of the magnetic core coil after the high-order resonance point compensation is as follows:
(8)
In the above formulas (1) to (8): b, inputting magnetic induction intensity of a magnetic field signal; omega-the angular frequency of the input magnetic field signal; j-imaginary number; n is the number of turns of the induction coil; s-equivalent area of induction coil; mu e -effective permeability of magnetic core; g-amplifying circuit gain; l z -ideal magnetic core coil equivalent inductance; l f -feedback coil equivalent inductance; mutual inductance of the M-feedback coil and the magnetic core coil; r f is a feedback depth adjusting resistor; r-equivalent internal resistance of an ideal magnetic core coil; c, ideal magnetic core coil equivalent capacitance; l p -actual magnetic core coil equivalent inductance; l s -actual magnetic core coil secondary inductance; c s -actual magnetic core coil secondary capacitance; r m is a damping matching resistor; z sec -equivalent impedance of the secondary capacitor C s and the secondary inductor L s in parallel; z m—Zsec is connected in parallel with the equivalent impedance after the damping is matched with the resistor.
Aiming at the technical problem 3), the invention designs a voltage control current source type magnetic flux negative feedback circuit shown in figure 3, wherein open-loop output voltage is supplied to a voltage control current source, current source output current is supplied to a feedback coil, and the feedback coil and an induction coil in a sensitive unit are mutually inductive to form magnetic flux negative feedback. The voltage control current source is introduced, so that on one hand, the output impedance and the output load capacity can be increased, the influence of the impedance of the feedback coil is restrained, and on the other hand, the feedback depth can be adjusted more efficiently by adjusting the current gain, and the influence of the limited number of turns of the feedback coil on the feedback depth is compensated.
In combination with the above solutions 1) to 3), the present invention winds a magnetic core coil, and an impedance simulation curve of an ideal magnetic core coil, an impedance curve of an actually measured magnetic core coil, and a magnetic core coil impedance simulation curve with a high-order resonance point existing therein are shown in fig. 4.
The corresponding frequency of the in-band (< 600 kHz) high-order resonance point and the corresponding frequency of the out-of-band (> 600 kHz) high-order resonance point of the measured impedance curve of the magnetic core coil are 332kHz and 710kHz, and the basic requirement that only one high-order resonance point is reserved in the band in the scheme is met.
According to the scheme, the in-band high-order resonance points are compensated, the superaudio induction type magnetic sensor with the bandwidth of 10 kHz-600 kHz is developed, and the response curve result of the magnetic field sensor is shown as figure 5 under an ideal circuit model, an actual equivalent model with the in-band high-order resonance points and an equivalent model after the in-band high-order resonance points are compensated, wherein black broken lines and gray broken lines basically coincide, and the rest positions except for the pits at the high-order resonance points completely coincide with black solid lines.
The ultrasonic frequency induction type magnetic field sensor is integrated according to the scheme and the actual response curve is tested, and the result is shown in fig. 6.
The effective working high-frequency of the ultrasonic frequency induction type magnetic field sensor provided by the invention is far greater than that of the existing audio frequency induction type magnetic field sensor, the ultrasonic frequency induction type magnetic field sensor can be applied to an ultrasonic frequency controllable source electromagnetic detection system, high-resolution detection of underground shallow electrical information is realized, shallow dead zones of the audio frequency electromagnetic detection system are reduced, shallow electrical structure constraint is provided for deep mineral resource detection, the volume effect influence of a shallow low-resistance target is slowed down, and the precision of the traditional electromagnetic detection system is improved.
In summary, the superaudio induction type magnetic field sensor and the surveying method provided by the invention can realize high-resolution detection of the electrical information of the middle and shallow mineral resources and the middle and shallow underground space, and further improve the detection precision compared with the traditional scheme.

Claims (10)

1. A superaudio inductive magnetic field sensor, comprising:
A magnetic core with wide frequency band and high magnetic conductivity, wherein the magnetic core is made of nano crystal soft magnetic material;
The coil comprises an induction coil and a feedback coil, wherein the feedback coil is positioned at the outer side of the induction coil, the induction coil and the feedback coil are wound at the outer side of the magnetic core in a single-layer and sectional winding mode, and a compensation coil tap with the same inductance as the secondary inductance and close capacitance to the secondary capacitance is reserved on the induction coil;
The sensing circuit receives signals from the induction coil, the sensing circuit is a current feedback type magnetic flux negative feedback circuit with a signal filtering and amplifying function, current is output to the feedback coil through open loop output voltage of the sensing circuit, the feedback coil and the induction coil form magnetic flux negative feedback in a mutual inductance mode, and the sensing circuit further comprises damping matching resistors used for compensating high-order resonance points, and the damping matching resistors are connected to two ends of a tap of the compensation coil in parallel.
2. A superaudio inductive magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the magnetic core is formed by overlapping a plurality of layers of flaky nano crystal soft magnetic materials with the thickness of 20-25 mu m.
3. A superaudio inductive magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the magnetic core is a cylinder or a cuboid.
4. A superaudio inductive magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coil cross-sectional shape is circular or any other shape with a computable area.
5. A method of designing a superaudio inductive magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, comprising:
The method comprises the steps of compensating high-order resonance points of an induction coil, designing and debugging parameters of the induction coil, adjusting impedance parameters of the induction coil, ensuring that only one high-order resonance point is reserved in a band, then actually measuring impedance curves of the induction coil, solving equation sets through constructing secondary capacitors and secondary inductances, fitting the actually measured impedance curves, calculating secondary capacitors and secondary inductances corresponding to the high-order resonance points in the band, and compensating the high-order resonance points in the band in a parallel damping matching resistance mode.
6. The method for designing a superaudio induction magnetic field sensor according to claim 5, further comprising:
and the feedback mode of the readout circuit selects current feedback, and adjusts the feedback depth by adjusting the current gain, so as to compensate the influence of the limited number of turns of the feedback coil on the feedback depth.
7. The method for designing a superaudio induction magnetic field sensor according to claim 5, further comprising:
The magnetic core material is selected from a wide-band and high-permeability soft magnetic material, so that the sensitivity is improved on the premise of ensuring the bandwidth.
8. The method for designing a superaudio induction magnetic field sensor according to claim 5, further comprising:
The winding mode of the coil is selected, and the parasitic capacitance of the coil is reduced by adopting a single-layer winding and sectional combination mode, so that the effective bandwidth of the coil is ensured.
9. A high-resolution mineral exploration method is characterized in that: the ultrasonic induction type magnetic field sensor as claimed in claim 1 is adopted in combination with a controllable source audio magnetotelluric method or magnetotelluric method.
10. A high resolution mineral exploration method according to claim 9, characterized in that: the bandwidth of the ultrasonic frequency induction type magnetic field sensor covers 10 kHz-600 kHz.
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