CN117968866A - Single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement method, system, equipment and medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement method, a system, equipment and a medium, wherein the system comprises the following steps: the ultra-short pulse generation module emits ultra-short chirped pulses, and the ultra-short chirped pulses are modulated by the spatial modulation module and then converted into ultra-short pulses to be detected; the ultra-short pulse to be detected is modulated by a coding plate and deflected by a stripe camera to obtain a diffraction light spot intensity matrix; further comprises: the synchronous control module is used for controlling the time synchronization of the ultra-short pulse generation module and the stripe camera, so that the stripe camera synchronously records the intensity matrix distribution of the deflected diffraction light spots; the storage and calculation module is used for storing the diffraction light spot intensity matrix recorded by the stripe camera and calculating the complex amplitude distribution of the ultrashort pulse to be detected. The invention does not need nonlinear effect, is suitable for the space-time coupling of ultra-short pulse for single exposure measurement, can be used for the space-time phase measurement of ultra-short pulse with large caliber and wide spectrum, and has the characteristics of simple light path, stable performance and high space-time resolution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of single exposure ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement, and particularly relates to a single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement method, a system, equipment and a medium.
Background
At present, the traditional ultra-short pulse space-time coupling measurement method needs to combine spectrum space complex amplitude measurement (off-axis digital holography, hartmann sensor or coherent diffraction method) and ultra-short pulse time domain one-dimensional phase measurement (FROG or SPIDER), and the two systems are combined to perform space-time coupling on the ultra-short pulse.
For example, off-axis digital holographic measurement of multispectral phase distribution in combination with FROG enables ultrashort pulse spatio-temporal coupling. In addition, coherent modulation imaging is combined with FROG to realize ultra-short pulse space-time coupling, different wavelengths are separated to different positions of a camera, space complex amplitude measurement of different wavelength pulses is realized, and then final space-time coupling is realized by utilizing FROG calibration.
However, the above method requires non-linear effect measurement of time domain phase information, limits its application aperture and spectral width, and the dual system calibration affects its signal-to-noise ratio.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement method to overcome the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the limitations of the ultra-short pulse space-time coupling measurement technology, the invention provides a single ultra-short pulse space-time coupling measurement method, a system, equipment and a medium.
According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a single ultrashort pulse spatio-temporal coupling measurement system, the system including:
The ultra-short pulse generation module emits ultra-short chirped pulses, and the ultra-short chirped pulses are modulated by the spatial modulation module and then converted into ultra-short pulses to be detected; the ultra-short pulse to be detected is modulated by a coding plate and deflected by a stripe camera to obtain a diffraction light spot intensity matrix;
The system further comprises:
the synchronous control module is used for controlling the time synchronization of the ultra-short pulse generation module and the stripe camera, so that the stripe camera synchronously records the intensity matrix distribution of the deflected diffraction light spots;
the storage and calculation module is used for storing the diffraction light spot intensity matrix recorded by the stripe camera and calculating the complex amplitude distribution of the ultrashort pulse to be detected.
According to a second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement method is provided, which is implemented based on the single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement system, and the method includes:
calibrating the complex amplitude distribution of the coding plate to obtain complex amplitude transmittance distribution of the coding plate;
acquiring a pulse diffraction light spot intensity matrix recorded by a stripe camera;
Setting the plane of the stripe camera as a first plane, the plane of the coding plate as a second plane and the plane of the space modulation module as a third plane; setting an initial optical field complex amplitude distribution at a third plane; the initial optical field complex amplitude distribution is iteratively propagated among the first plane, the second plane, the third plane and the constraint plane; calculating an error based on the pulse diffraction light spot intensity matrix, and finishing iteration when the error is smaller than a threshold value to obtain a wavefront to be calibrated;
and constructing a space-time coupling function at the construction position of the point (x 0,y0), and calibrating the wavefront to be calibrated by using the space-time coupling function at the point (x 0,y0) as a reference to obtain the space-time coupling distribution of the whole caliber corresponding to the ultrashort pulse to be calibrated.
According to a third aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory being coupled to the processor; the memory is used for storing program data, and the processor is used for executing the program data to realize the single ultra-short pulse time-space coupling measurement method.
According to a fourth aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor implements the above-described single ultra-short pulse spatiotemporal coupling measurement method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The invention provides a single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement system, which can realize single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement by utilizing phase modulation of a coding plate and time deflection of a stripe camera, and overcomes the defect that the intensity imaging of the traditional stripe camera cannot measure phase information. The device has the advantages of simple light path, stable performance, high space-time resolution and high phase measurement precision.
2. The invention provides a single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement method, which is suitable for the ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement of a large caliber and a wide spectrum, wherein the plane where a stripe camera is positioned is set as a first plane, the plane where a coding plate is positioned is a second plane, and the plane where a spatial modulation module is positioned is a third plane; setting an initial optical field complex amplitude distribution at a third plane; the initial optical field complex amplitude distribution is iteratively propagated among the first plane, the second plane, the third plane and the constraint plane; calculating an error based on the pulse diffraction light spot intensity matrix, and finishing iteration when the error is smaller than a threshold value to obtain a wavefront to be calibrated; and constructing a space-time coupling function at a point (x 0,y0), and calibrating the wavefront to be calibrated by using the space-time coupling function at the point (x 0,y0) as a reference to obtain the space-time coupling distribution of the whole caliber corresponding to the ultrashort pulse to be measured. The method can realize the space-time coupling measurement of the large-caliber ultrashort pulse based on the single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement system, particularly based on a multimode coherent diffraction imaging algorithm and a fringe camera, and can realize the ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement of the large-caliber and wide-spectrum without combining nonlinear effects.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single ultrashort pulse spatio-temporal coupling measurement system for an amplified or condensed beam condition according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system for measuring space-time coupling of single ultrashort pulses for spectrum dispersion pulses according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a system for measuring single ultra-short pulse time-space coupling during vortex pulse according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of acquiring a wavefront to be calibrated according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, a 1-ultrashort pulse generation module; 2-a spatial modulation module; 3-coding plate; 4-stripe camera; 5-a synchronous control module; 6-a storage and calculation module; 7-an image transfer lens; 8-one-dimensional dispersion grating; a 9-fs laser; 10-a first mirror; 11-a first grating; 12-a collimating lens; 13-a focusing lens; 14-a second grating; 15-a mirror; 16-vortex waveplate.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples do not represent all implementations consistent with the invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with aspects of the invention as detailed in the accompanying claims.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various information, these information should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information, without departing from the scope of the invention. The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at … …" or "at … …" or "in response to a determination" depending on the context.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a single ultrashort pulse spatio-temporal coupling measurement system, comprising: the ultra-short pulse generation module 1 emits ultra-short chirped pulses (less than 10 nanoseconds), and the ultra-short chirped pulses are modulated by the spatial modulation module 2 and then converted into ultra-short pulses to be detected; the ultrashort pulse to be detected is modulated by a coding plate 3 and deflected by a stripe camera 4 to obtain a diffraction light spot intensity matrix; the fringe camera 4 is used for recording the diffraction light spot intensity matrix after deflection;
The system further comprises:
the synchronous control module 5 is used for controlling the time synchronization of the ultra-short pulse generation module 1 and the stripe camera 4, so that the stripe camera 4 synchronously records the diffraction light spot intensity matrix distribution;
The storage and calculation module 6 is configured to store the diffraction spot intensity matrix recorded by the stripe camera 4, and calculate the complex amplitude distribution of the ultrashort pulse to be measured.
Further, the ultrashort pulse generating module 1 includes an fs laser 9, the fs laser 9 generates a broadband ultrashort pulse, the broadband ultrashort pulse is reflected to a first grating 11 by a first reflector 10, the first grating 11 spatially expands the broadband ultrashort pulse according to the distribution of different wavelengths, the broadband ultrashort pulse is collimated by a collimating lens 12, focused by a focusing lens 13, and is incident to a second grating 14, the second grating 14 is used for diffracting different wavelength components of the pulse, and the broadband ultrashort pulse is reflected and collimated by a second reflector 15 to obtain an ultrashort chirped pulse.
In this example, the fs laser 9 is a femtosecond laser having a bandwidth of 780nm to 820nm, which is 35 fs.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, for the case of amplifying or shrinking, the single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement system is further provided with an image transfer lens 7 between the encoding board 3 and the fringe camera 4, where the image transfer lens 7 is used for amplifying or shrinking the ultrashort pulse to be measured.
Further, the code plate 3 is selected from a wavefront modulator of the amplitude, phase or complex amplitude class. As shown in fig. 3, for the spectrum dispersion ultrashort pulse, the encoding board 3 adopts a one-dimensional dispersion grating 8 for spatially widening the spectrum of the ultrashort pulse; in this example, the scribe line of the one-dimensional dispersion grating 8 is 800 lines/mm. As shown in fig. 4, for the vortex ultrashort pulse, the encoding plate 3 adopts a vortex wave plate 16 for modulating the space of the ultrashort pulse to generate a space-time vortex pulse; in this embodiment, the number of topological nuclei of the vortex waveplate 16 is 2.
In this example, the parameters of the encoding board 3 are as follows: corresponding to 800nm; 0-pi phase second order distribution; the unit element size was 18 μm×18 μm.
As shown in fig. 5, the embodiment of the invention further provides a single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement method, which is implemented based on the single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement system, and comprises the following steps:
step S1, after the light path of the single ultra-short pulse space-time coupling measurement system is adjusted, calibrating the complex amplitude distribution of the coding plate 3 to obtain the complex amplitude transmittance distribution of the coding plate 3, which is recorded as Wherein (x, y) is a spatial coordinate system, t m andRespectively corresponding to the mth time and the nth wavelength.
Step S2, a pulse diffraction light spot intensity matrix recorded by the stripe camera 4 is obtained.
Specifically, the time synchronization of the ultra-short pulse generating module 1 and the stripe camera 4 is controlled by the synchronization control module 5, so that the stripe camera 4 can accurately record the pulse diffraction light spot intensity matrixWherein, t is the time,Is the wavelength.
Step S3, setting the plane of the stripe camera 4 as a first plane, the plane of the coding plate 3 as a second plane and the plane of the spatial modulation module 2 as a third plane; setting an initial optical field complex amplitude distribution at a third plane; the initial optical field complex amplitude distribution is iteratively propagated among the first plane, the second plane, the third plane and the constraint plane; and calculating an error based on the pulse diffraction light spot intensity matrix, and finishing iteration when the error is smaller than a threshold value to obtain a wavefront to be calibrated.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the step S3 specifically includes the following substeps:
Step S301, setting an initial light field complex amplitude distribution at a third plane, denoted as Wherein i represents an imaginary number, A andAmplitude and phase distributions, respectively, of random guesses; taking the initial light field complex amplitude distribution at the third plane as the 1 st iteration value,；
Step S302, when initial light field complex amplitude distribution propagates to a second plane in free space, a first wavefront is obtained; the expression of the first wavefront is:
；
wherein L DE is the distance from the third plane to the second plane, Indicating wavelength asThe pulse optical field free space propagation distance L, k=1, 2,3 …, k is the number of iterations.
Step S303, first wavefrontAfter modulation by the code plate 3, a second wavefront at the rear surface of the code plate 3 is obtained; the expression of the second wavefront is:
；
Step S304, when the second wavefront propagates to the first plane in the free space, the second wavefront is restrained by using the pulse diffraction light spot intensity matrix, and a third wavefront is obtained; the expression of the third wavefront is as follows:
；
；
Wherein L ES is the distance from the second plane to the first plane;
Step S305, the third wavefront is transmitted back to the second plane, and the fourth wavefront at the front surface of the encoding plate 3 is obtained by updating with the complex amplitude transmittance distribution; the expression of the fourth wavefront is as follows:
；
；
in the method, in the process of the invention, Represents the counter-propagating-L ES distance, T n represents the complex amplitude transmittance profile, where，For the maximum value in the matrix;
Step S306, fourth wavefront Transmitting the fourth wavefront to a constraint surface, wherein the constraint surface is a spectrum surface or a focus surface of the fourth wavefront; constructing an aperture constraint function, and constraining time and wavelength by using the aperture constraint function to obtain a fifth wavefront;
；
Wherein L FE is the distance between the second plane and the fourth plane, Is the same as the mth time t m and the nth wavelengthA corresponding aperture constraint function.
Step S307, fifth wavefrontTransmitting to a third plane to obtain a sixth wavefront; the expression of the sixth wavefront is as follows:
；
Where L FD is the distance between the constraint surface and the third plane.
Step S308, iterating according to the process, calculating an error based on the third wavefront and the pulse diffraction light spot intensity matrix, and completing the iteration when the error is smaller than a threshold value, wherein the final sixth wavefront is used as the wavefront to be calibrated;
Further, the expression of the error is as follows:
；
where sum () represents the sum of the elements in the matrix, M represents the number of time frames that can be reconstructed, and N represents the number of wavelengths that can be reconstructed.
And S4, constructing a space-time coupling function at the construction position of the point (x 0,y0), and calibrating the wavefront to be calibrated by using the space-time coupling function at the point (x 0,y0) as a reference to obtain the space-time coupling distribution of the whole caliber corresponding to the ultrashort pulse to be measured.
Specifically, the corresponding time t m and wavelengthThe sixth wavefront, i.e. the wavefront to be calibrated, is noted as；
Iteration of the time-frequency domain one-dimensional Fourier transform at point (x 0,y0) using ultrashort pulses, resulting in a space-time coupling function at point (x 0,y0)；
By means of space-time coupling functionsTreating the collimated wavefront as a referenceThe time-space coupling distribution of the whole caliber of the ultrashort pulse to be measured can be obtained by calibration。
In summary, the invention provides a single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement system, which can realize single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement by using phase modulation of a coding plate and time deflection of a fringe camera, and overcomes the defect that the intensity imaging of the traditional fringe camera cannot measure phase information. The device has the advantages of simple light path, stable performance, high space-time resolution and high phase measurement precision.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement method which is suitable for the ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement of a large caliber and a wide spectrum, wherein the plane where the stripe camera is positioned is set as a first plane, the plane where the coding plate is positioned is a second plane, and the plane where the spatial modulation module is positioned is a third plane; setting an initial optical field complex amplitude distribution at a third plane; the initial optical field complex amplitude distribution is iteratively propagated among the first plane, the second plane, the third plane and the constraint plane; calculating an error based on the pulse diffraction light spot intensity matrix, and finishing iteration when the error is smaller than a threshold value to obtain a wavefront to be calibrated; and constructing a space-time coupling function at a point (x 0,y0), and calibrating the wavefront to be calibrated by using the space-time coupling function at the point (x 0,y0) as a reference to obtain the space-time coupling distribution of the whole caliber corresponding to the ultrashort pulse to be measured. The method can realize the space-time coupling measurement of the large-caliber ultrashort pulse based on the single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement system, particularly based on a multimode coherent diffraction imaging algorithm and a fringe camera, and can realize the ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement of the large-caliber and wide-spectrum without combining nonlinear effects.
The present specification also provides a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program operable to perform the above method of data synchronization.
The present specification also provides a schematic structural diagram of the electronic device shown in fig. 7. At the hardware level, the electronic device includes a processor, an internal bus, a network interface, a memory, and a non-volatile storage, as described in fig. 7, although other hardware required by other services may be included. The processor reads the corresponding computer program from the nonvolatile memory into the memory and then runs the computer program to realize the data synchronization method.
Of course, other implementations, such as logic devices or combinations of hardware and software, are not excluded from the present description, that is, the execution subject of the following processing flows is not limited to each logic unit, but may be hardware or logic devices.
In the 90 s of the 20 th century, improvements to one technology could clearly be distinguished as improvements in hardware (e.g., improvements to circuit structures such as diodes, transistors, switches, etc.) or software (improvements to the process flow). However, with the development of technology, many improvements of the current method flows can be regarded as direct improvements of hardware circuit structures. Designers almost always obtain corresponding hardware circuit structures by programming improved method flows into hardware circuits. Therefore, an improvement of a method flow cannot be said to be realized by a hardware entity module. For example, a programmable logic device (Programmable Logic Device, PLD) (e.g., field programmable gate array (Field Programmable GATEARRAY, FPGA)) is an integrated circuit whose logic functions are determined by user programming of the device. A designer programs to "integrate" a digital system onto a PLD without requiring the chip manufacturer to design and fabricate application-specific integrated circuit chips. Moreover, nowadays, instead of manually manufacturing integrated circuit chips, such programming is mostly implemented with "logic compiler (logic compiler)" software, which is similar to the software compiler used in program development and writing, and the original code before being compiled is also written in a specific programming language, which is called hardware description language (Hardware Description Language, HDL), but HDL is not just one, but a plurality of kinds, such as ABEL（Advanced Boolean Expression Language）、AHDL（Altera Hardware DescriptionLanguage）、Confluence、CUPL（Cornell University Programming Language）、HDCal、JHDL（Java Hardware Description Language）、Lava、Lola、MyHDL、PALASM、RHDL（RubyHardware Description Language）, and VHDL (Very-High-SPEEDINTEGRATED CIRCUIT HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE) and Verilog are currently most commonly used. It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that a hardware circuit implementing the logic method flow can be readily obtained by merely slightly programming the method flow into an integrated circuit using several of the hardware description languages described above.
The controller may be implemented in any suitable manner, for example, the controller may take the form of, for example, a microprocessor or processor and a computer readable medium storing computer readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) executable by the (micro) processor, logic gates, switches, application SPECIFIC INTEGRATED Circuits (ASICs), programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers, examples of controllers include, but are not limited to, the following microcontrollers: ARC 625D, atmel AT91SAM, microchip PIC18F26K20, and Silicone Labs C8051F320, the memory controller may also be implemented as part of the control logic of the memory. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that, in addition to implementing the controller in a pure computer readable program code, it is well possible to implement the same functionality by logically programming the method steps such that the controller is in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers, etc. Such a controller may thus be regarded as a kind of hardware component, and means for performing various functions included therein may also be regarded as structures within the hardware component. Or even means for achieving the various functions may be regarded as either software modules implementing the methods or structures within hardware components.
The system, apparatus, module or unit set forth in the above embodiments may be implemented in particular by a computer chip or entity, or by a product having a certain function. One typical implementation is a computer. In particular, the computer may be, for example, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a cellular telephone, a camera phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, a tablet computer, a wearable device, or a combination of any of these devices.
For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being functionally divided into various units, respectively. Of course, the functions of each element may be implemented in one or more software and/or hardware elements when implemented in the present specification.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present description may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present specification may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present description can take the form of a computer program product on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present description is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the specification. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
In one typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
The memory may include volatile memory in a computer-readable medium, random Access Memory (RAM) and/or nonvolatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of computer-readable media.
Computer readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of storage media for a computer include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static Random Access Memory (SRAM), dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), read Only Memory (ROM), electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium, which can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. Computer-readable media, as defined herein, does not include transitory computer-readable media (transmission media), such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article or apparatus that comprises the element.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present description may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present specification may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present description can take the form of a computer program product on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The description may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The specification may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments. In particular, for system embodiments, since they are substantially similar to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, as relevant to see a section of the description of method embodiments.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A single ultrashort pulse spatio-temporal coupling measurement system, said system comprising:
the ultra-short pulse generation module (1), the ultra-short pulse generation module (1) emits ultra-short chirped pulses, and the ultra-short chirped pulses are converted into ultra-short pulses to be detected after being modulated by the spatial modulation module (2); the ultrashort pulse to be detected is modulated by a coding plate (3) and deflected by a stripe camera (4) to obtain a diffraction light spot intensity matrix;
The system further comprises:
The synchronous control module (5) is used for controlling the time synchronization of the ultra-short pulse generation module (1) and the stripe camera (4) so that the stripe camera (4) synchronously records the intensity matrix distribution of the deflected diffraction light spots;
the storage and calculation module (6) is used for storing the diffraction light spot intensity matrix recorded by the stripe camera (4) and calculating the complex amplitude distribution of the ultrashort pulse to be detected.
2. The single ultra-short pulse space-time coupling measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the ultra-short pulse generation module (1) comprises an fs laser (9), the fs laser (9) generates broadband ultra-short pulses, the broadband ultra-short pulses are reflected to a first grating (11) through a first reflecting mirror (10), the first grating (11) spatially expands the broadband ultra-short pulses according to the distribution of different wavelengths, the broadband ultra-short pulses are collimated through a collimating lens (12), focused through a focusing lens (13) and are incident on a second grating (14), and the second grating (14) is used for diffracting the components of the pulses with different wavelengths, and the broadband ultra-short pulses are reflected and collimated through a second reflecting mirror (15) to obtain ultra-short chirped pulses.
3. The single ultra-short pulse space-time coupling measurement system according to claim 1, wherein an image transfer lens (7) is further arranged between the encoding plate (3) and the fringe camera (4); the image transfer lens (7) is used for amplifying the ultra-short pulse to be detected or shrinking the ultra-short pulse to be detected.
4. A single ultrashort pulse spatio-temporal coupling measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that the code plate (3) is selected from wavefront modulators of amplitude, phase or complex amplitude type;
Aiming at spectrum dispersion pulses, the coding plate (3) adopts a one-dimensional dispersion grating (8) for spatially widening the spectrum of the ultrashort pulses;
for vortex pulse, the encoding plate (3) adopts a vortex wave plate (16) for modulating the space of the ultrashort pulse to generate space-time vortex pulse.
5. A method for measuring single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling, which is realized based on the single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measuring system as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4, and comprises the following steps:
Calibrating the complex amplitude distribution of the coding plate (3) to obtain the complex amplitude transmittance distribution of the coding plate (3);
acquiring a pulse diffraction light spot intensity matrix recorded by a stripe camera (4);
Setting a plane in which the stripe camera (4) is positioned as a first plane, a plane in which the coding plate (3) is positioned as a second plane, and a plane in which the spatial modulation module (2) is positioned as a third plane; setting an initial optical field complex amplitude distribution at a third plane; the initial optical field complex amplitude distribution is iteratively propagated among the first plane, the second plane, the third plane and the constraint plane; calculating an error based on the pulse diffraction light spot intensity matrix, and finishing iteration when the error is smaller than a threshold value to obtain a wavefront to be calibrated;
and constructing a space-time coupling function at the construction position of the point (x 0,y0), and calibrating the wavefront to be calibrated by using the space-time coupling function at the point (x 0,y0) as a reference to obtain the space-time coupling distribution of the whole caliber corresponding to the ultrashort pulse to be calibrated.
6. The method for measuring the space-time coupling of single ultrashort pulses according to claim 5, wherein the step of obtaining the wavefront to be calibrated comprises:
setting an initial light field complex amplitude distribution at a third plane, denoted as Wherein i represents an imaginary number, A and/>Amplitude and phase distributions, respectively, of random guesses;
taking the initial light field complex amplitude distribution at the third plane as the 1 st iteration value ；
When the initial light field complex amplitude distribution propagates to a second plane in free space, a first wavefront is obtained; the expression of the first wavefront is:
；
wherein L DE is the distance from the third plane to the second plane, Indicating wavelength as/>The pulse optical field free space propagation distance L, k=1, 2,3 …, k is the number of iterations;
First wavefront Modulating by the coding plate (3) to obtain a second wavefront at the rear surface of the coding plate (3); the expression of the second wavefront is:
；
When the second wavefront propagates to the first plane in the free space, the second wavefront is restrained by using the pulse diffraction light spot intensity matrix, and a third wavefront is obtained; the expression of the third wavefront is as follows:
；
；
Wherein L ES is the distance from the second plane to the first plane;
Transmitting the third wavefront back to the second plane, and updating by using the complex amplitude transmittance distribution to obtain a fourth wavefront at the front surface of the encoding plate (3); the expression of the fourth wavefront is as follows:
；
；
in the method, in the process of the invention, Represents the counter-propagating-L ES distance, T n represents the complex amplitude transmittance distribution, where/>，For the maximum value in the matrix;
fourth wavefront Transmitting the fourth wavefront to a constraint surface, wherein the constraint surface is a spectrum surface or a focus surface of the fourth wavefront; constructing an aperture constraint function, and constraining time and wavelength by using the aperture constraint function to obtain a fifth wavefront, wherein the expression is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention, Is the distance between the second plane and the fourth plane,/>Is equal to the mth time t m and the nth wavelength/>A corresponding aperture constraint function;
The fifth wavefront Transmitting to a third plane to obtain a sixth wavefront; the expression of the sixth wavefront is as follows:
；
Wherein L FD is the distance between the constraint surface and the third plane;
And iterating according to the process, calculating an error based on the third wavefront and the pulse diffraction spot intensity matrix, and completing iteration when the error is smaller than a threshold value, wherein the sixth wavefront obtained by iteration is used as the wavefront to be calibrated.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein calculating the error based on the third wavefront and the pulse diffraction spot intensity matrix comprises:
The expression of the error is as follows:
；
Where sum () represents the sum of the elements in the matrix, M represents the number of reconstructed time frames, and N represents the number of reconstructed wavelengths.
8. The method for measuring the space-time coupling of the single ultra-short pulse according to claim 5 or 6, wherein constructing a space-time coupling function at a point (x 0,y0) construction site, calibrating a wavefront to be calibrated by using the space-time coupling function at the point (x 0,y0) as a reference, and obtaining the space-time coupling distribution of the whole caliber corresponding to the ultra-short pulse to be measured comprises:
will correspond to time t m and wavelength The sixth wavefront, the wavefront to be calibrated, is noted/>；
Iteration of the time-frequency domain one-dimensional Fourier transform at point (x 0,y0) using ultrashort pulses, resulting in a space-time coupling function at point (x 0,y0)；
By means of space-time coupling functionsWavefront/>, to be calibrated as a referencePerforming calibration to obtain space-time coupling distribution/>, of the whole caliber of the ultrashort pulse to be detected。
9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is coupled to the processor; wherein the memory is configured to store program data and the processor is configured to execute the program data to implement the single ultra-short pulse spatio-temporal coupling measurement method of any of the above claims 5-8.
10. A computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the program, when being executed by a processor, implements the single ultra short pulse spatiotemporal coupling measurement method according to any of claims 5-8.
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