CN114739521A - Single-exposure ultrashort pulse space-time measurement device and method based on space-frequency multiplexing - Google Patents
Single-exposure ultrashort pulse space-time measurement device and method based on space-frequency multiplexing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A single-exposure ultrashort pulse space-time measuring device and method based on space-frequency multiplexing comprises a beam splitting module, a wavelength gating module, a wave front modulation module and a detector. The light beam to be measured is divided into sub-beams with different angles through the beam splitting module, the narrow band wavelengths of the light beam to be measured with different angles are different through the wavelength gating module, then the filtered light beam passes through the wavefront modulation module, and finally the diffraction light spots are recorded through the detector. The wavefront information corresponding to each wavelength can be recovered by using a single exposure phase recovery technology. The invention can realize single exposure measurement of the broadband light beam, particularly the wavefront measurement of the femtosecond pulse, can realize the space-time diagnosis of the femtosecond pulse, and has the characteristics of self reference and high spatial resolution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to space-time three-dimensional complex amplitude single measurement of an ultrashort pulse, single exposure measurement of space phase and spectrum phase of the ultrashort pulse and space-time coupling, in particular to wavefront measurement of complex wavefront distribution of the ultrafast pulse.
Background
Characterization of ultrashort pulses is required to obtain
Or
Four-dimensional information, generally, methods for measuring spectral phase include frog (frequency-corrected optical coupling), SPIDER (spectral-phase interference for direct electric-field coupling), and discrete scanning, but the measurement of spatio-temporal characteristics requires a spatial phase measurement technique. For example, Shackled FROG and HAMSTER (Hartmann-Shack assisted, multidimensional, shape-based technique for electric-field reconstruction) techniques, in combination with Hartmann sensors, can achieve a measure of spatio-spectral phase, but require scanning. In addition, (sTRIPED FISH) specific and temporal Resolved Intensity and Phase Evaluation Device: the Full Information from a Single histogram can be used to realize the Single-exposure spatio-spectral phase measurement in combination with the holographic technique, but this method requires the introduction of a reference beam. The invention provides a single exposure phase recovery device and method based on wavelength beam splitting, which can reconstruct wave front complex amplitude distribution of M wavelengths at a time without introducing a reference beam, and can realize space-spectrum phase measurement of single exposure ultrashort pulse by combining other spectrum phase measurement technologies, namely
Or
The device has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, high resolution, high stability and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a single-exposure ultrashort pulse space-time measurement device and method based on space-frequency multiplexing aiming at the limitation of measurement of space-time coupling characteristics of ultrashort pulse single exposure. The wavefront space complex amplitude corresponding to different wavelengths can be reconstructed by using a phase recovery algorithm. And the time-space phase measurement of the ultrashort pulse can be realized by combining a time phase measurement method.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a single-exposure ultrashort pulse space-time measuring device based on space-frequency multiplexing is characterized by comprising:
the wave front beam splitting module is used for splitting the light beam to be detected according to the energy ratio Q1 to Q2, and Q1 and Q2 are determined according to requirements;
the grating beam splitting module is used for splitting the split light beam to be detected into sub-light beams with different angles;
the wavelength gating module enables the sub-beams with different angles to pass through different narrow-band wavelengths;
the wave front modulation module is used for carrying out wave front modulation on the wave front to be detected;
and the detector module is used for recording the light intensity of the wavefront modulated by the wavefront modulation module.
The time phase measuring module is used for measuring the distribution of the ultra-short pulse time phase;
and the control and data processing module is used for controlling the detector module, recording the diffraction light spots in time, storing the diffraction light spots and processing data.
The single-exposure ultrashort pulse space-time measuring device based on space-frequency multiplexing is characterized in that a laser module is arranged in front of the wavefront beam splitting module on the same optical axis, and the laser module is an ultrashort pulse light source.
The single exposure ultrashort pulse space-time measuring device based on space-frequency multiplexing is characterized in that the laser module for generating the chirped pulse beam further comprises: and the dispersion prisms A and B are used for generating the spatial chirped pulse.
The pulse light beam generated by the laser module passes through the dispersion prism A and the dispersion prism B to generate chirped pulse serving as a light beam to be detected of the system.
The single-exposure ultrashort pulse space-time measuring device based on space-frequency multiplexing is characterized in that a dispersion lens A and a dispersion lens B are sequentially arranged between the wavefront beam splitting module and the grating beam splitting module along a light path and used for generating space chirped pulses.
The single-exposure ultrashort pulse space-time measuring device based on space-frequency multiplexing is characterized in that the grating beam splitting module is an amplitude type or phase type two-dimensional grating.
The single-exposure ultrashort pulse space-time measuring device based on space-frequency multiplexing is characterized in that the wave front modulation module is a binary step phase wave front modulator, a ternary step phase wave front modulator, a ten-element step phase wave front modulator, a continuous phase modulator, a continuous amplitude phase modulator or a pure amplitude wave front modulator.
The single-exposure ultrashort pulse space-time measuring device based on space-frequency multiplexing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1) calibrating complex amplitude transmittance function T of wavefront modulation module to certain wavelengthmM represents different diffraction orders of the grating, and M is 1, 2, 3.. M;
step 2), beam complex amplitude distribution in front of the wavefront modulation module, wherein an initial guess formula is as follows:
Oguessm＝Aguessm·(rand(nx，ny)·exp(i·rand(nx，ny)·π))m
in the formula, AguessmThe amplitude coefficient of the m-th diffraction order, rand (nx, ny) is a random matrix for generating nx rows and ny columns, and nx and ny are rows and columns of the operation data matrix respectively;
step 3) the wave front iterative calculation process of the control and data processing module:
firstly, a forward propagation process: initial guess wavefront OguessmThe wave front is changed into a wave front after passing through a wave front modulation module: pm＝Oguessm·TmThen wave front PmPropagating to the detector module to obtain the wavefront
Wherein
Representing the forward propagation of the wavefront, L being the propagation distance, L34Is the distance between the wavefront modulation module (4) and the detector module (5);
the diffraction light spot IA recorded by the detector module is divided into diffraction light spots I corresponding to different wavelengthsmCut () is a split operation;
control and data processing module for wave front IPmAnd (3) updating: IP'm＝Im·exp(i·angle(IPm) And calculates the error RMS between the estimated diffraction spot and the recorded diffraction spot, the formula is as follows:
RMS＝sum(Im)/(sum(IP′m 2)-sum(Im))2
sum is the summation of all elements in the matrix, and angle is the operation of taking phase of the wavefront;
and secondly, a backward propagation process: updated wavefront IP'mBackward propagating to wavefront modulation module to obtain wavefront
Wherein
Representing a backward propagation process, and L is a propagation distance;
the wavefront before the wavefront modulation module (4) is obtained by using the following update formula:
Oguess′m＝Oguessm+conj(Tm)/max(conj(Tm)·Tm)·(P′m-Pm)
updated wavefront ogue'mPropagating to the focal plane to obtain the wave front of the focal plane
Applying the aperture function to update the focal plane wavefront as: f'm＝Fm·RmWherein R ismAn aperture function corresponding to the mth wavefront; then F'mThe wave front before the wave front modulation module is obtained by propagation to the wave front modulation module
With updated wavefront UmInstead of the initial guess wavefront OguessmAnd carrying out the next iteration until the error RMS is smaller than the preset value, ending the iteration process, obtaining the wave front distribution before the wave front modulation module corresponding to each wavelength, and carrying out wave front propagation to obtain the spatial phase distribution of the light beams to be detected at different wavelengths at other positions, wherein the spatial phase distribution is expressed as
n＝1，2，3，...N。
Step 4): the time phase measuring module can measure the complex amplitudes corresponding to different times, and the complex amplitudes are expressed as
Combining the products obtained in step 3)
N is 1, 2, 3.. N, N may be added
Space-time coupling is realized to obtain the wave front distribution of the pulse to be measured
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can reconstruct the wave front complex amplitude distribution of M wavelengths in a single time without introducing a reference beam, and can realize the space-spectrum phase measurement of single-exposure ultrashort pulses by combining other spectrum phase measurement technologies. The device has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, high resolution, high stability and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a space-frequency multiplexing-based single-exposure ultrashort pulse space-time measuring device;
FIG. 2 is a space-frequency multiplexing single-exposure space-time measuring device based on an ultrashort pulse light source;
FIG. 3 is a prism dispersion single exposure spatiotemporal measuring device based on an ultrashort pulse light source;
FIG. 4 is a single exposure spatiotemporal measurement device of a dispersive lens based on an ultrashort pulse light source;
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to examples and figures for different kinds of measurement requirements, but the scope of the invention should not be limited by this example.
Example 1
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a prism dispersion single exposure spatiotemporal measuring device based on an ultrashort pulse light source, comprising: the wave front beam splitting module (1) is used for splitting a light beam to be detected according to the energy ratio of Q1 to Q2, and Q1 and Q2 are determined according to requirements; the grating beam splitting module (2) is used for splitting the light beam to be detected into sub-light beams with different angles; the wavelength gating module (3) is used for enabling the sub-beams with different angles to pass through different narrow-band wavelengths; the wave front modulation module (4) is used for carrying out wave front modulation on the wave front to be detected; the detector module (5) is used for recording the light intensity of the wavefront modulated by the wavefront modulation module (4); a time phase measuring module (6) For measuring the time phase distribution of the ultra-short pulse, such as a measuring device of Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) or spectrum-phase interference For Direct Electric-field Reconstruction (sPID); and the control and data processing module (7) is used for controlling the detector module (5), recording the diffraction light spots in time, storing the diffraction light spots and processing data.
The laser module (8) adopts a femtosecond high repetition frequency pulse laser with 30 femtosecond pulse width and 780-820nm bandwidth.
Producing a chirped pulsed light beam includes: and a dispersion prism A (9) for generating spatial dispersion. And the dispersion prism B (10) is matched with the dispersion prism A (9) to generate chirped pulses. The dispersion prism adopts a symmetrical quartz right-angle prism.
After the expanded femtosecond pulse to be detected passes through a dispersion prism A (9) and a dispersion prism B (10), the chirped pulse is generated to be used as a light beam to be detected of the system.
Grating beam splitting module (2): 6 x 6 two-dimensional Dammann grating with 3-degree beam splitting angle.
The wavelength gating module (3) adopts an 800nm narrow-band filter.
The wave front modulation module (4) is a binary step phase wave front modulator and modulates the wave front which penetrates through the wavelength gating module (3).
Example 2
The dispersive lens single-exposure spatiotemporal measuring device based on the ultrashort pulse light source as shown in FIG. 4 comprises: the wavefront beam splitting module (1) is used for splitting a light beam to be measured according to the energy ratio of Q1 to Q2, and Q1 and Q2 are determined according to requirements; the grating beam splitting module (2) is used for splitting the light beam to be detected into sub-light beams with different angles; the wavelength gating module (3) is used for enabling the sub-beams with different angles to pass through different narrow-band wavelengths; the wave front modulation module (4) is used for carrying out wave front modulation on the wave front to be detected; the detector module (5) is used for recording the light intensity of the wavefront modulated by the wavefront modulation module (4); a time phase measuring module (6) For measuring the time phase distribution of the ultra-short pulse, such as a measuring device of Frequency Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) or Spectral-phase interference For Direct Electric-field Reconstruction (SPIDER); and the control and data processing module (7) is used for controlling the detector module (5), recording the diffraction light spots in time, storing the diffraction light spots and processing data.
The laser module (8) adopts a femtosecond high repetition frequency pulse laser with 30 femtosecond pulse width and 780-820nm bandwidth.
Generating the chirped pulse beam further comprises: a dispersive lens A (11) and a dispersive lens B (12) for generating spatial dispersion. The pulse light beam generated by the laser module (8) passes through the dispersive lens A (11) and the dispersive lens B (12) to generate chirped pulses as the light beam to be measured of the system.
Grating beam splitting module (2): 6 x 6 two-dimensional Dammann grating with 3-degree beam splitting angle.
The wavelength gating module (3) adopts an 800nm narrow-band filter.
The wave front modulation module (4) is a binary continuous phase wave front modulator and modulates the wave front which penetrates through the wavelength gating module (3).
The single-exposure phase recovery apparatus based on wavelength division according to embodiments 1 and 2 is characterized in that the method includes the following steps:
step 1) calibrating a complex amplitude transmittance function T of a wavefront modulation module (4) to a certain wavelengthmM represents different diffraction orders of the grating, and M is 1, 2, 3.. M;
step 2) beam complex amplitude distribution before the wavefront modulation module (4), wherein an initial guess formula is as follows:
Oguessm＝Aguessm·(rand(nx，ny)·exp(i·rand(nx，ny)·π))m
in the formula, AguessmThe amplitude coefficient of the m-th diffraction order, rand (nx, ny) is a random matrix for generating nx rows and ny columns, and nx and ny are rows and columns of the operation data matrix respectively;
step 3), the wave front iterative calculation process of the control and data processing module (7):
firstly, a forward propagation process: the initial guess wave front Oguessm becomes the wave front after passing through the wave front modulation module (4): pm＝Oguessm·TmThen wave front PmPropagating to the detector module (5) to obtain a wavefront
Wherein
Representing the forward propagation of the wavefront, L being the propagation distance, L34Is the distance between the wavefront modulation module (4) and the detector module (5);
by detector modules(5) The recorded diffraction spots IA are divided into diffraction spots I corresponding to different wavelengthsmCut () is a split operation;
control and data processing module (7) for wave front IPmUpdating: IP'm＝Im·exp(i·angle(IPm) And calculates the error RMS between the estimated diffraction spot and the recorded diffraction spot, as follows:
RMS＝sum(Im)/(sum(IP′m 2)-sum(Im))2
sum is the summation of all elements in the matrix, and angle is the operation of taking phase of the wavefront;
and secondly, a backward propagation process: updated wavefront IP'mBackward propagating to a wavefront modulation module (4) to obtain a wavefront
Wherein
Representing a backward propagation process, and L is a propagation distance;
the wavefront before the wavefront modulation module (4) is obtained by using the following update formula:
Oguess′m＝Oguessm+conj(Tm)/max(conj(Tm)·Tm)·(P′m-Pm)
updated wavefront Oguess'mPropagating to the focal plane to obtain the wave front of the focal plane
Applying the aperture function to update the focal plane wavefront as: f'm＝Fm·RmWherein R ismAn aperture function corresponding to the mth wavefront; then F'mThe wave front before the wave front modulation module (4) is obtained before the wave front modulation module (4) is propagated
Use moreNew wave front UmInstead of the initial guess wavefront OguessmAnd carrying out the next iteration until the error RMS is smaller than the preset value, ending the iteration process, obtaining the wave front distribution before the wave front modulation module (4) corresponding to each wavelength, and carrying out wave front propagation to obtain the spatial phase distribution of the light beams to be detected at other positions with different wavelengths, wherein the spatial phase distribution is expressed as
n＝1，2，3，...N。
Step 4): the time phase measuring module (6) can measure the complex amplitudes corresponding to different times, and the complex amplitudes are expressed as
Combining the products obtained in step 3)
N is 1, 2, 3.. N, N may be added
Space-time coupling is realized to obtain the wave front distribution of the pulse to be measured
Claims (7)
1. A single-exposure ultrashort pulse space-time measuring device based on space-frequency multiplexing is characterized by comprising:
the wave front beam splitting module (1) is used for splitting a light beam to be detected according to the energy ratio Q1 to Q2, and Q1 and Q2 are determined according to requirements;
the grating beam splitting module (2) is used for splitting the split light beam to be detected into sub-light beams with different angles;
the wavelength gating module (3) enables the sub-beams with different angles to pass through different narrow-band wavelengths;
the wave front modulation module (4) is used for carrying out wave front modulation on the wave front to be detected;
and the detector module (5) is used for recording the light intensity of the wavefront modulated by the wavefront modulation module (4).
A time phase measuring module (6) for measuring the ultra-short pulse time phase distribution;
and the control and data processing module (7) is used for controlling the detector module (5), recording the diffraction light spots in time, storing the diffraction light spots and processing data.
2. The space-frequency multiplexing-based single-exposure ultrashort pulse space-time measuring device of claim 1, wherein a laser module (8) is coaxially arranged in front of the wavefront beam splitting module (1), and the laser module (8) is an ultrashort pulse light source.
3. The space-frequency multiplexing-based single-exposure ultrashort pulse space-time measuring device of claim 2, wherein the laser module (8) generating the chirped pulse beam further comprises: a dispersion prism A (9) and a dispersion prism B (10) for generating spatially chirped pulses.
The pulse light beam generated by the laser module (8) passes through the dispersion prism A (9) and the dispersion prism B (10) and then generates chirp pulse as the light beam to be measured of the system.
4. The space-frequency multiplexing-based single-exposure ultrashort pulse space-time measuring device of claim 2, wherein a dispersive lens A (11) and a dispersive lens B (12) are further arranged between the wavefront beam splitting module (1) and the grating beam splitting module (2) along the optical path in sequence for generating the spatially chirped pulse.
5. The space-frequency multiplexing-based single-exposure ultrashort pulse space-time measuring device according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the grating beam splitting module (2) is an amplitude type or phase type two-dimensional grating.
6. The space-frequency multiplexing-based single-exposure ultrashort pulse space-time measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wavefront modulation module (4) is a binary step phase wavefront modulator, a ternary step phase wavefront modulator, a ten-element step phase wavefront modulator, a continuous phase modulator, a continuous amplitude phase modulator or a pure amplitude type wavefront modulator.
7. A method for single-exposure ultrashort pulse spatio-temporal measurement by using the single-exposure ultrashort pulse spatio-temporal measurement device based on space-frequency multiplexing as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 1) calibrating a complex amplitude transmittance function T of a wavefront modulation module (4) to a certain wavelengthmM represents different diffraction orders of the grating, and M is 1, 2, 3.. M;
step 2), the beam complex amplitude distribution before the wavefront modulation module (4) is initially guessed by the following formula:
Oguessm＝Aguessm·(rand(nx，ny)·exp(i·rand(nx，ny)·π))m
in the formula, AguessmThe amplitude coefficient of the m-th diffraction order, rand (nx, ny) is a random matrix for generating nx rows and ny columns, and nx and ny are rows and columns of the operation data matrix respectively;
step 3) the wave front iterative computation process of the control and data processing module (7):
firstly, a forward propagation process: initial guess wave front OguessmAfter passing through the wavefront modulation module (4), the wave front becomes the wavefront: pm＝Oguessm·TmThen wave front PmPropagating to the detector module (5) to obtain a wavefront
Wherein
Representing the forward propagation of the wavefront, L being the propagation distance, L34Is the distance between the wavefront modulation module (4) and the detector module (5);
the diffraction light spot IA recorded by the detector module (5) is divided into diffraction light spots I corresponding to different wavelengthsmCut () is a split operation;
control and data processing module (7) for wave front IPmUpdating: IP'm＝Im·exp(i·angle(IPm) And calculates the error RMS between the estimated diffraction spot and the recorded diffraction spot, the formula is as follows:
RMS＝sum(Im)/(sum(IP′m 2)-sum(Im))2
sum is the summation of all elements in the matrix, and angle is the operation of taking phase from the wavefront;
and secondly, a backward propagation process: updated wavefront IP'mBackward propagating to a wavefront modulation module (4) to obtain a wavefront
Wherein
Representing a backward propagation process, and L is a propagation distance;
the wavefront before the wavefront modulation module (4) is obtained by using the following update formula:
Oguess′m＝Oguessm+conj(Tm)/max(conj(Tm)·Tm)·(P′m-Pm)
updated wavefront Oguess'mPropagating to the focal plane to obtain the wave front of the focal plane
Applying the aperture function to update the wavefront at the focal plane as: f'm＝Fm·RnWherein R ismAn aperture function corresponding to the mth wave front; then F'mThe wave front before the wave front modulation module (4) is obtained before the wave front modulation module (4) is propagated
With updated wave front UmInstead of the initial guess wave front OguessmThe next iteration is performed untilEnding the iterative process when the error RMS is less than the preset value to obtain the wave front distribution before the wave front modulation module (4) corresponding to each wavelength, and transmitting the wave front to obtain the spatial phase distribution of the light beam to be measured at other positions with different wavelengths, which is expressed as
Step 4): the time phase measuring module (6) can measure and obtain complex amplitudes corresponding to different times, and the complex amplitudes are expressed as
Combining the products obtained in step 3)
N can be used
Space-time coupling is realized to obtain the wave front distribution of the pulse to be measured
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115235618A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2022-10-25 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Single-frame measurement system and method for three-dimensional space-time distribution of ultrafast laser field |
| CN117968866A (en) * | 2024-03-28 | 2024-05-03 | 之江实验室 | Single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement method, system, equipment and medium |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115235618A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2022-10-25 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Single-frame measurement system and method for three-dimensional space-time distribution of ultrafast laser field |
| CN115235618B (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2022-12-13 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Single-frame measurement system and method for three-dimensional space-time distribution of ultrafast laser field |
| CN117968866A (en) * | 2024-03-28 | 2024-05-03 | 之江实验室 | Single ultrashort pulse space-time coupling measurement method, system, equipment and medium |
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