CN117967364A - Sylvite high-stress mudstone section roadway support structure and method - Google Patents
Sylvite high-stress mudstone section roadway support structure and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117967364A CN117967364A CN202410391579.2A CN202410391579A CN117967364A CN 117967364 A CN117967364 A CN 117967364A CN 202410391579 A CN202410391579 A CN 202410391579A CN 117967364 A CN117967364 A CN 117967364A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 title description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 208
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 208
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 25
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- PALNZFJYSCMLBK-UHFFFAOYSA-K magnesium;potassium;trichloride;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[K+] PALNZFJYSCMLBK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a potassium salt mine high-stress mudstone section roadway support structure and a method, and belongs to the technical field of mine support safety; the support structure comprises a temporary support, a pipe support and a permanent support, wherein the temporary support is fixed close to a roadway wall, the pipe support is arranged on the inner side of the temporary support, and the temporary support and a component of the pipe support are poured into a whole through the permanent support; the pipe support comprises a steel pipe support and a support bottom beam, and the steel pipe support is formed by connecting a leg pipe, a side pipe and a top pipe according to a roadway structure; the bottom of the steel pipe frame is provided with a supporting bottom beam, and fine concrete is filled in the steel pipe frame; the invention applies the steel pipe frame to the potassium salt mine roadway support for the first time, and the inner dowel bars, the limit bars, the rivets and other components are arranged in the steel pipe frame, so that the convenience of construction and the stability of the structure are improved, the problems of poor supporting effect, low supporting capability and the like of the potassium salt mine high-stress mudstone section roadway are effectively solved, and the steel pipe frame has the characteristics of strong supporting capability, high stability, high safety and excellent rust resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mine support safety, and particularly relates to a potassium salt mine high-stress mudstone section roadway support structure and a method.
Background
The sylvite ore body is easy to dissolve when meeting water, and a layer of mudstone is usually arranged above the sylvite ore body layer in stratum occurrence, so that the sylvite ore body plays a role in isolating surface water. The mudstone layer of the sylvine is different from common mudstone, has softness and lower strength, has lower strength after meeting water, has the corrosion characteristic of a sylvine ore body below in the mudstone layer, has certain corrosion influence on directly contacted metal components, and is an important engineering in the construction of a mudstone section roadway. When the mudstone section roadway meets faults, collapse columns and other structures, surrounding rocks are broken, surrounding rock stress of the roadway is large, and the high-stress mudstone section roadway is treated in an encrypted normal mudstone section roadway support mode in engineering; when the roadway stress reaches a certain value or the burial depth is deeper, the supporting strength of the mudstone section roadway cannot be effectively solved by adopting the encryption supporting, and the roadway construction safety and the mine safety production are affected. Therefore, the supporting technology of the potassium salt mine high-stress mudstone section roadway is an important and troublesome engineering technical problem.
At present, the international solid potash salt ore mining technology is relatively backward, and no effective technical scheme is found in the existing literature at home and abroad for the supporting technology of the high-stress shale section roadway of the potash salt ore. In the current potassium salt mine tunnel construction, the normal mudstone section tunnel support adopts an anchor net, a U-shaped steel canopy and concrete mode, and the support of the high-stress mudstone section tunnel is usually as follows: the outer layer is still anchored net or reinforced, the interval between the middle U-shaped steel sheds is reduced, the wrapping layer is still cast by common concrete, and the wall is then grouted and reinforced after partial mine support; the mode ensures the stability of the high-stress mudstone section roadway to a certain extent, but has the defects of poor stability, low supporting capacity, long construction period, high investment and the like. This is because: firstly, the supporting effect of the broken surrounding rock at the driving structure of the outer anchor rod is poor, the temporary supporting effect is not good, the construction process is increased by changing the reinforcement mode, and the position of the underground tunneling head is inconvenient for erecting a reinforcing steel bar net rack; secondly, the middle layer reduces the space between the U-shaped steel sheds to obviously increase the consumption and investment, meanwhile, as the space between the steel sheds of the mudstone section is not large, the small movable space can affect the installation of on-site workers after the space between the steel sheds is reduced again, and moreover, the bearing strength of the whole supporting structure is not greatly improved, so that the method is difficult to be effectively applied to the roadway support of the high-stress mudstone section; thirdly, the surface of the steel shed is smooth, the bonding force between the steel shed and the concrete is low after the concrete is poured, the supporting effect of the steel shed and the concrete cannot be well exerted, and meanwhile, the metal supporting material cannot be guaranteed not to be influenced by the corrosion characteristic of surrounding rock by adopting common concrete; fourthly, if the coating layer is not subjected to wall post grouting, the supporting strength of the high-stress mudstone section roadway cannot be guaranteed, and if the coating layer is subjected to wall post grouting, one more process and investment increase are carried out, and the construction period is also influenced.
The prior patent CN202010613990.1 discloses a composite supporting structure and a method for a high-stress carnallite layer roadway, which aim at the supporting problem of the potassium salt ore carnallite layer roadway in high stress, and an anchor net spraying and U-shaped steel shed and concrete supporting mode is adopted, so that the effective supporting of the high-stress carnallite layer roadway is realized, but the problems of poor anchor rod supporting effect, insufficient bearing strength of the U-shaped steel shed and the like of the high-stress mudstone section roadway are overcome by the aid of the technology, and therefore the technology cannot be applied to the high-stress mudstone section roadway.
The U-shaped steel shed in the middle is adjusted to be a steel pipe frame support, the support strength and stability of the whole support structure are good, the support structure has a certain reference function for the high-stress mudstone section roadway support of the potash salt ore, and the problems that the steel pipe frame accessory component is unfavorable for construction and is not suitable for the potash salt ore still exist. The prior patent CN202222579299.3 is a roadway support structure, a grouting layer, a first grouting layer, a metal anchor net and arched steel belts are sequentially distributed from outside to inside at the inner wall of a roadway, the inner side of each arched steel belt is fixedly connected with a steel pipe bracket consisting of a bottom pipe, a vertical pipe, an arched top pipe and a hoop, and the roadway support structure has the characteristics of simple structure and high strength; however, when the technology is applied to a potassium salt mine high-stress mudstone section roadway, the defects of complex grouting process, higher investment, poor metal anchor net effect and low stability of hoop connection steel pipe frames exist.
The prior patent CN202111053235.3 discloses a supporting device and a method for a broken soft rock roadway based on a steel pipe concrete bracket, which are characterized in that a plurality of hollow grouting anchor rods are firstly placed in surrounding rocks of the roadway to carry out advanced grouting reinforcement supporting, then concrete is sprayed on the surrounding rocks of the roadway, and then a bending-resistant early-strength steel pipe concrete bracket structure is erected; the support is poured with early-strength concrete, bending steel bars are arranged in the circumferential direction of an outer roadway of the support, and finally a plastic plate yielding layer is arranged between surrounding rocks of the roadway and the bending-resistant early-strength reinforced concrete arch body, so that the support has the characteristics of effectively controlling deformation of the surrounding rocks and being good in supporting effect; however, when the technology is applied to a potassium salt mine high-stress mudstone section roadway, the procedure and investment are increased by the outer grouting anchor rod, the construction period is influenced, the surface of the inner layer of steel tube concrete support is smooth, the bonding force between the inner layer of steel tube concrete support and the concrete arch body is lower, the two sides of straight wall section steel tube are straight tubes, the technology is not suitable for the roadway with larger side pressure, the bottom plate is provided with the arched steel tube, the bottom excavation depth is increased, the last reinforced concrete arch body is not suitable for the potassium salt mine, and the influence of the corrosion characteristic of surrounding rock on the metal support material cannot be avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, and provides a potassium salt mine high-stress mudstone section roadway support structure and a method thereof, which solve the problems of poor support effect, low support capacity, long construction period, high investment and the like when the potassium salt mine high-stress mudstone section roadway is supported.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A potassium salt mine high-stress mudstone section roadway support structure comprises a temporary support, a pipe support and a permanent support; the pipe support comprises a steel pipe support and a support bottom beam, the steel pipe support is formed by connecting leg pipes, upper pipes and top pipes, a bent sleeve ring is sleeved at the joint position of each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe support, a base plate is arranged at the bottom end of each leg pipe, a stop block is arranged at the position of a roadway bottom plate of each leg pipe, a plurality of inner dowel bars are uniformly welded in the upper end of each leg pipe and the upper end of each upper pipe respectively, and limiting bars are arranged at positions, adjacent to the upper ports of each leg pipe and each upper pipe; a plurality of rivets are welded on the surfaces of two sides of the steel pipe rack; fine concrete is poured in the leg pipes, the upper pipe and the top pipe; the supporting bottom beam comprises an arc beam and a limiting beam, two ends of the arc beam are supported below the stop blocks of the two leg pipes of the roadway, and the limiting beam is axially arranged above the middle of the arc beam along the roadway;
the temporary support is fixed close to the roadway wall, the pipe support is arranged on the inner side of the temporary support, and the temporary support and the pipe support are cast into a whole through the permanent support.
Further, one side of the leg pipe is provided with a grouting pipe with a pipe orifice facing the opening side of the roadway, the jacking pipe is provided with an exhaust pipe with a pipe orifice facing upwards, and reinforcing plates are welded on two sides of the pipe body corresponding to the positions of the grouting pipe and the exhaust pipe; and injecting the fine concrete into each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe rack from the grouting pipe until the slurry flows out of the exhaust pipe.
Further, the pipe diameters of the leg pipe, the upper pipe and the top pipe are the same, and the inner diameter of the bent sleeve is 8-12 mm larger than the outer diameter of the leg pipe; the upward arc section of the leg pipe on the tunnel arch base line has the same bending radius as the upper pipe, the top pipe and the bent sleeve.
Furthermore, the length of the bent sleeve is 500-800 mm, the length of the arc section of the leg pipe, which is upwards from the tunnel arch base line, is half of the length of the bent sleeve, and the inclination angle of the straight section of the leg pipe, which is downwards from the tunnel arch base line, to the bottom is 2-5 degrees.
Furthermore, the number of the internal ribs arranged in the leg pipe and the upper pipe is 5-8, and the length of the internal ribs welded to the inside of the pipe and the exposed length are 5-8 mm; the limiting ribs on the leg pipes are arranged at positions which are away from the upper port lengths of the leg pipes and are equal to half of the lengths of the bent sleeves; the limit rib on the upper pipe is arranged at a position which is away from the upper port of the upper pipe and is equal to half of the length of the bent sleeve; the rivet arrangement distance is 200-400 mm.
Furthermore, the surfaces of the leg pipe, the upper pipe and the top pipe are welded with 2 handles towards the opening side of the roadway, and the middle part of the bent sleeve is welded with 1 handle towards the opening side of the roadway; the length of the lower parts of the handles of the leg pipe and the upper pipe close to the lower side of the handle and the lower parts of the handles of the two sides of the jacking pipe from the lower end of the pipe body is more than or equal to the length of the bent sleeve, and the length of the upper parts of the leg pipe and the upper pipe close to the upper side of the handle from the upper end of the pipe body is more than or equal to half of the length of the bent sleeve.
Further, the temporary support comprises a steel shed frame, a pipe shed and a metal net; the steel shed frame fixes the pipe shed and the metal net on the roadway wall; the steel shed frame consists of shed legs and shed arches, wherein connecting plates are arranged at two ends of the shed legs and two ends of the shed arches, the shed legs and the shed arches are connected through the connecting plates and bolts, and the steel shed frame is fixed on the roadway wall through expansion bolts.
Furthermore, the steel pipe frames are positioned in the middle of two rows of connected steel shed frames, and the supporting distance of the steel pipe frames is 600-1000 mm.
Furthermore, the permanent support is poured by adopting magnesium cement concrete.
A supporting method based on a potassium salt mine high-stress mudstone section roadway supporting structure comprises the following steps:
1) After the roadway is excavated, temporary supports are arranged firstly, and the temporary supports are fixed on the roadway wall;
2) Then installing a steel pipe rack, temporarily binding a bent sleeve at the lower end of the upper pipe and the two ends of the top pipe, butt-installing corresponding ends of the leg pipe, the upper pipe and the top pipe, temporarily fixing each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe rack by using an inner inserting rib in the upper ends of the leg pipe and the upper pipe, unbinding the binding, enabling the bent sleeve to slide downwards and sleeve at the joint position of each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe rack, and enabling the lower end of the bent sleeve to be tightly abutted against the upper part of a limiting rib at the upper end of the leg pipe or the upper pipe; supporting the arc beam below the stop blocks of the two leg pipes of the roadway, and arranging a limiting beam above the middle of the arc beam along the axial direction of the roadway; after the steel pipe frame and the supporting bottom beam are installed, injecting fine concrete into each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe frame by using grouting equipment, and welding a plurality of rivets on two sides of the steel pipe frame after grouting is finished;
3) And finally, supporting the template, and pouring exposed components in the temporary support and the pipe support together by adopting concrete.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The roadway support structure and the roadway support method provided by the invention creatively apply the support mode of 'steel pipe frames + support bottom beams + concrete' to the potassium salt mine roadway support, belong to the first application in the field, reach the expected support effect through the field application of a certain potassium salt mine roadway, have good roadway stability, and prove the rationality and feasibility of the technical scheme of the support structure and the roadway support method.
(2) According to the roadway support structure and the roadway support method, the steel pipe frame is used for replacing a U-shaped steel shed in the conventional technology, and for two structures with the same section size and the same steel weight, the section of the steel pipe frame is subjected to circular stress, and the bearable pressure is larger than that of the U-shaped steel shed; after concrete is injected into the steel pipe frame, the flexible support of the steel pipe is combined with the rigid support of the concrete, the support capacity can reach more than three times of that of the U-shaped steel shed with the same parameter, the support method can be effectively applied to the high-stress mudstone section roadway support with obviously increased surrounding rock stress compared with the common mudstone section, and the support capacity of the roadway can be ensured.
(3) The roadway support structure and the roadway support method break through the conventional temporary support technology, the steel canopy frame is utilized to fix the pipe canopy and the metal net on the roadway wall, the steel canopy frame structure is simple to assemble, the stability is better than that of most temporary support structures, a better temporary support effect can be achieved before the pipe frame is supported, and the construction safety in the early stage of support is ensured; meanwhile, the steel pipe frames are positioned in the middle of the two rows of connected steel pipe frames, and the steel pipe frames can also play a certain role in helping the pipe frame support, so that the stability of the tunnel after permanent support is further improved.
(4) According to the roadway support structure and the roadway support method, the arc beams and the limiting beams are used for forming the support bottom beams, the support bottom beams are arranged on the floor of the roadway, two ends of each arc beam are supported below the stop blocks of the two leg pipes of the roadway, and the limiting beams are axially arranged right above the middle of each arc beam along the roadway, so that the upward movement of the support bottom beams can be effectively limited, and the phenomenon of bottom bulging when the roadway is highly stressed can be well prevented; meanwhile, the supporting bottom beam and the steel pipe framework form a whole, so that the supporting capacity of the whole pipe support can be improved.
(5) According to the roadway support structure and the roadway support method, the rivets and the handles are welded on the surfaces of the steel pipes of each section of the steel pipe frame, so that the surface roughness of the steel pipe frame is increased, after concrete is poured, the binding force between the steel pipe frame and the concrete can be improved by the rivets and the handles, the support effect of the steel pipe frame and the concrete is better exerted, and the phenomena of concrete cracking and water leakage during high stress are avoided as much as possible; meanwhile, the handle can be convenient for workers to carry and assemble on site, and the risks that the workers cannot get hard and are injured by encircling the handle are avoided.
(6) According to the roadway support structure and the roadway support method, magnesium cement concrete is adopted to cast exposed components in temporary supports and pipe supports, and flexible supports of metal components such as steel shed frames and steel pipe frames are fully combined with rigid supports of concrete, so that the support capacity and stability of the whole roadway support structure are further ensured; meanwhile, the rust property of surrounding rock can be prevented from affecting the rust of the metal component by adopting magnesium cement concrete.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a roadway support structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a temporary support section according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a temporary support steel canopy frame support process according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a steel canopy frame support leg and connection plate of an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a steel canopy frame support leg and web tooling as described in the examples;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pipe rack support according to an embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a pipe rack support process according to an embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a front view of a leg tube tooling according to an embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a side view of a leg tube tooling according to an embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a top view of a leg tube tooling according to an embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a side tube processing diagram of a steel tube rack according to an embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a drawing showing the pipe jacking operation of the steel pipe rack according to the embodiment;
Fig. 13 is a bent sleeve machining view of the steel pipe rack according to the embodiment.
In the figure: 1-a pipe shed; 2-a metal mesh; 3-shed legs; 4-a shed arch; 5-connecting plates; 6, an expansion bolt; 7-supporting piers; 8-1 number round holes; a number 9-2 round hole; 10-leg tube; 11-upper pipe; 12-jacking pipe; 13-bending the sleeve; 14-arc beam; 15-a limiting beam; 16-backing plate; 17-a stop block; 18-grouting pipe; 19-an exhaust pipe; 20-internal dowel bars; 21-limit ribs; 22-rivet; 23-reinforcing plate; 24-handle; 25-fine concrete; 26-magnesium cement concrete.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the invention is further described in detail by combining the embodiments and the drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The following describes the technical scheme of the present invention in detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.
The embodiment is a mudstone section roadway of a certain kalium mine, the stress of the roadway is higher due to the structure, the net section size of the roadway is 5.0m multiplied by 4.3m, and the high-stress mudstone section roadway is supported by adopting the supporting structure and the method provided by the invention. As shown in fig. 1 to 13, the embodiment provides a potassium salt mine high-stress mudstone section roadway support structure and method, comprising the following steps:
Step one, temporary support
As shown in fig. 1-3, after a roadway is excavated, arranging a pipe shed 1 and a metal net 2, and fixing the pipe shed 1 and the metal net 2 on the roadway wall by adopting a steel shed frame; the steel shed frame is composed of shed legs 3 and shed arches 4, connecting plates 5 are welded at two ends of the shed legs 3 and the shed arches 4, the shed legs 3 and the shed arches 4 of the steel shed frame are connected through the connecting plates 5 and bolts, the connecting plates 5 at the bottom ends of the shed legs 3 are placed above supporting piers 7, and the steel shed frame is fixed on roadway walls through expansion bolts 6. During site construction, the steel shed frame is recommended to be processed by adopting channel steel, and compared with U-shaped steel, the channel steel is more convenient to process and quick to install; the channel steel model is reasonably determined according to factors such as the section size of the roadway, the pressure of surrounding rock, the interval time between temporary support and pipe support, and the like.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, 3 number 1 round holes 8 are formed in the connecting plate 5, and the steel shed frame is connected into a whole by bolts passing through the number 1 round holes 8 between the shed legs 3 and the shed arch 4; the middle parts of the shed legs 3 and the shed arch 4 are provided with 1 number 2 round holes 9, and the steel shed frame is fixed on the roadway wall by using expansion bolts 6 to penetrate through the number 2 round holes 9. When in field construction, the diameter of the No. 1 round hole 8 is matched with the outer diameter of the rod body of the bolt, the diameter of the No. 2 round hole 9 is matched with the outer diameter of the rod body of the expansion bolt 6, and the diameter of the round hole is preferably 3-8 mm larger than the outer diameter of the rod body; when the section size of the roadway is larger or surrounding rock is broken, the number of the number 2 round holes 9 in the middle of each section of shed legs 3 or shed arch 4 can be increased from 1 to 2, and the number of expansion bolts 6 is correspondingly increased at the same time, so that a good temporary supporting effect is ensured before supporting the pipe frame.
Step two, pipe rack support
As shown in fig. 6-13, after the temporary support is finished, a steel pipe rack, a supporting bottom beam and a concrete pipe rack support are adopted, wherein the steel pipe rack is a semicircular arch-shaped rack formed by a leg pipe 10, an upper pipe 11 and a top pipe 12, a bent sleeve 13 is sleeved at the joint position of each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe rack in a ring mode, a backing plate 16 is welded at the bottom end of the leg pipe 10, the backing plate 16 is placed above a supporting pier 7, a stop block 17 is welded at the position of a roadway bottom plate of the leg pipe 10, a plurality of interpolation ribs 20 are uniformly welded inside the upper ends of the leg pipe 10 and the upper pipe 11 respectively, limiting ribs 21 are welded on the outer walls of the upper ends of the leg pipe 10 and the upper pipe 11, and a plurality of rivets 22 are welded on the surfaces of two sides of the steel pipe rack.
Further, a grouting pipe 18 with a pipe opening facing the opening side of the roadway is welded at the middle part of one side of the leg pipe 10, an exhaust pipe 19 with a pipe opening facing upwards is welded at the middle part of the jacking pipe 12, and reinforcing plates 23 are welded at two sides of a steel pipe of the steel pipe frame at the positions of the grouting pipe 18 and the exhaust pipe 19. In site construction, the pipe diameter of the grouting pipe 18 is reasonably determined according to grouting equipment, and is not suitable to be more than half of the pipe diameter of each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe frame; the pipe diameter of the exhaust pipe 19 is suitable for normal slurry discharge, the recommended pipe diameter is 2 times of the maximum aggregate particle diameter in the fine concrete 25, the height of the grouting pipe 18 from the roadway floor is suitable for on-site slurry injection operation, and the recommended height is 1000-1500 mm; the size and thickness of the reinforcing plate 23 should satisfy the influence on the strength of the steel pipe frame after the holes of the grouting pipe 18 and the exhaust pipe 19 are formed in the supplementary steel pipe.
Further, the pipe diameters of the leg pipe 10, the upper pipe 11 and the top pipe 12 are the same, and the inner diameter of the bent sleeve 13 is 8-12 mm larger than the outer diameter of the leg pipe 10; the upward arc section of the leg pipe 10 at the tunnel arch base line has the same bending radius as the upper pipe 11, the top pipe 12 and the bending sleeve 13. During site construction, the leg pipe 10, the upper pipe 11 and the top pipe 12 are processed by adopting seamless steel pipes, and the pipe diameter and the steel thickness of the leg pipe, the upper pipe and the top pipe are reasonably determined according to factors such as the section size of a roadway, the pressure of surrounding rock, the supporting distance of a steel pipe frame and the like; the inner diameter of the bent sleeve 13 is 8-12 mm larger than the outer diameter of the leg pipe 10, when the inner diameter is smaller than 8mm, the resistance of the bent sleeve 13 around the steel pipe frame is larger, the installation of the bent sleeve 13 is not facilitated, when the inner diameter is larger than 12mm, the gap of the bent sleeve 13 around the steel pipe frame is larger, and slurry leakage is easy after the fine concrete 25 is injected into the steel pipe frame; the thickness of the steel material of the bent sleeve 13 must not be smaller than the thickness of the leg tube 10; the bending radius of each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe frame, which is arranged above the tunnel arch base line, is reasonably determined according to the net size of the tunnel design section and the thickness of the concrete protection layer.
Further, the length of the bent sleeve 13 is 500-800 mm, the length of the arc section of the leg pipe 10 above the tunnel arch base line is half of the length of the bent sleeve 13, and the inclination angle of the straight section of the leg pipe 10 below the tunnel arch base line to the bottom is 2-5 degrees. When in field construction, the length of the bent sleeve 13 is reasonably determined according to factors such as surrounding rock pressure, pipe diameter of each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe frame, steel thickness and the like, when the length of the bent sleeve 13 is smaller than 500mm, the rear strength of the annular sleeve steel pipe frame cannot be ensured, and when the length of the annular sleeve steel pipe frame is larger than 800mm, the installation difficulty and consumable investment of the bent sleeve 13 are increased.
Further, the number of the positions of the single pipe of the interpolation rib 20 is 5-8, and the length of the interpolation rib 20 welded to the inside of the steel pipe and the exposed length are 5-8 mm; the limiting ribs 21 are arranged at the positions, which are the distance from the leg pipe 10 to the upper port, and the distance from the upper pipe 11 to the upper port, of the limiting ribs 21 are equal to half of the length of the bent sleeve 13. When in field construction, the exposed section of the inner insertion rib 20 should be bent inwards properly so as to be convenient for butt-joint installation of the corresponding ends of the leg pipe 10, the upper pipe 11 and the top pipe 12; the limiting rib 21 can be welded at a circle along the design position by using the steel bars around the outer wall of the steel pipe, or welded at the design position by using a plurality of sections of small steel bars, so that the downward sliding action of the bending sleeve 13 is limited.
Further, a plurality of rivets 22 are welded on the surfaces of the leg pipe 10, the upper pipe 11 and the top pipe 12 on two sides of the steel pipe frame, and the arrangement space of the rivets 22 is 200-400 mm. When in field construction, the length of the rivet 22 is not less than half of the pipe diameter of each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe frame, and the rod body diameter of the rivet 22 is not less than the thickness of each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe frame; the flat head part of the rivet 22 is welded on the surface of each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe frame and welded on two sides of the steel pipe, the position is convenient for field welding, and the template is supported when the permanent support of the roadway is not influenced; when the surrounding rock pressure of the roadway is particularly high, the arrangement interval of the rivets 22 is reduced so as to ensure the supporting strength of the steel pipe frame.
Furthermore, 2 handles 24 are welded on the surfaces of the leg pipe 10, the upper pipe 11 and the top pipe 12 towards the opening side of the roadway, and 1 handle 24 is welded on the middle part of the bent sleeve 13 towards the opening side of the roadway; the length of the lower parts of the handles 24 of the leg pipe 10 and the upper pipe 11, which are positioned on the lower sides, and the length of the lower parts of the handles 24 of the two sides of the jacking pipe 12, which are positioned on the upper sides, is more than or equal to the length of the bent sleeve 13, and the length of the upper parts of the handles 24 of the leg pipe 10 and the upper pipe 11, which are positioned on the upper sides, is more than or equal to half the length of the bent sleeve 13. When in field construction, the handle 24 can be manufactured into pi-shaped steel pipes welded on the surfaces of all sections of the steel pipes of the steel pipe frame by adopting steel bar processing, and the steel pipes are welded towards the opening side of the roadway, so that the field installation is facilitated, and the supporting template is not influenced when the roadway is permanently supported; the position of the handle 24 during welding must not affect the mounting of the bent sleeve 13.
Specifically, the supporting bottom beam is a cross beam formed by an arc beam 14 and a limiting beam 15, two ends of the arc beam 14 are manufactured into a semicircular opening shape and are supported below the stop blocks 17 of the two upper leg pipes 10 of the roadway, and the limiting beam 15 is arranged right above the middle of the arc beam 14 along the axial direction of the roadway. When in field construction, the arc beam 14 is preferably manufactured by processing U-shaped steel, and the model of the steel is reasonably determined according to factors such as roadway width, surrounding rock pressure and the like; the limiting beam 15 is preferably manufactured by processing channel steel or I-steel, the type of steel is reasonably determined according to factors such as surrounding rock ground pressure, steel pipe frame supporting spacing and the like, and the limiting beam 15 is abutted against the arc beam 14 along the axial direction of a roadway and is arranged right above the middle of the arc beam 14; the whole structure can effectively limit the upward movement of the supporting bottom beam, can better prevent the bottom bulging phenomenon from happening when the roadway is highly stressed, and meanwhile, the supporting bottom beam and the steel pipe frame form a whole, so that the supporting capacity of the whole pipe frame support can be improved.
More specifically, the concrete is fine concrete 25, and the fine concrete 25 is poured from the grouting pipe 18 into each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe rack until the slurry in the exhaust pipe 19 flows out. During site construction, a proper amount of expanding agent is added into the fine concrete 25 so as to increase the contact rate between the steel pipe rack and the fine concrete 25 and ensure the supporting strength of the steel pipe rack.
When the whole pipe support is constructed on site, a steel pipe support is arranged in the middle of the steel pipe support, firstly, a chain is used for penetrating through a handle 24 to temporarily bind a bent sleeve 13 at the lower end of a side pipe 11 and the two ends of a top pipe 12, then corresponding ends of a leg pipe 10, the side pipe 11 and the top pipe 12 are in butt joint installation, each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe support is temporarily fixed by an inner inserting rib 20 in the upper ends of the leg pipe 10 and the side pipe 11, then the chain is released to enable the bent sleeve 13 to slide downwards and sleeve at the position of each section of steel pipe joint of the steel pipe support in a ring mode, and the lower end of the bent sleeve 13 is abutted against the upper part of a limiting rib 21 at the upper end of the leg pipe 10 or the side pipe 11; supporting the processed arc beam 14 below the stop blocks 17 of the two leg pipes 10 of the roadway, and arranging a limit beam 15 along the axial direction of the roadway above the middle of the arc beam 14; after the steel pipe frame and the supporting bottom beam are installed, grouting equipment is utilized to inject fine concrete 25 into each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe frame from the grouting pipe 18 until a certain amount of slurry flows out of the exhaust pipe 19 at the top; after grouting, a plurality of rivets 22 are welded on two sides of the steel pipe frame.
Step three, permanent support
After the temporary support and the pipe rack support are completed, the formwork is erected and poured with magnesium cement concrete 26, and the exposed components in the supports are poured together as shown in fig. 1. In site construction, the casting thickness of the magnesium cement concrete 26 not only meets the strength requirement of the whole supporting structure, but also considers the thickness of the protective layer (the thickness is not less than 50 mm) of the inner metal supporting member; the magnesium cement concrete 26 should be added with a proper amount of waterproofing agent to increase the waterproof capability of the tunnel wall; the adoption of magnesium cement concrete can also prevent the rust property of surrounding rock from affecting the rust of the metal component.
Furthermore, the steel pipe frames are positioned in the middle of the two connected steel shed frames, the supporting distance of the steel pipe frames is 600-1000 mm, and the grouting pipes 18 of the two connected steel shed frames are alternately arranged on the left side and the right side. When in field construction, the supporting spacing of the steel pipe frame should be reasonable in strength according to factors such as surrounding rock pressure, tunnel section size, steel materials of the steel pipe frame and the like; the grouting pipes 18 are alternately arranged at the left side and the right side, so that the phenomenon of stress concentration during arrangement at one side can be prevented; meanwhile, in the temporary support, the pipe support and the permanent support, the field construction should have necessary construction technical devices and components, such as: back plate for preventing tunnel from being overdrawn, pull rod and pull ring for connecting the steel shed frame and the steel pipe frame, valve for plugging grouting pipe 18, etc.
In the embodiment, the temporary support steel shed frame comprises shed legs 3 and shed arches 4 which are all 20-number channel steel, the connecting plates 5 are steel plates with the dimensions of 250 multiplied by 10mm, and the expansion bolts 6 are M16 multiplied by 800mm.
The leg pipe 10, the upper pipe 11 and the top pipe 12 of the steel pipe rack in the pipe rack support are all processed by adopting phi 168 multiplied by 8mm seamless steel pipes, the bent sleeve 13 is processed by adopting phi 194 multiplied by 8mm seamless steel pipes (the inner diameter of the bent sleeve 13 is 10mm larger than the outer diameter of the leg pipe 10), and the arc section of the leg pipe 10 upward from the tunnel arch base line and the bending radius of the upper pipe 11, the top pipe 12 and the bent sleeve 13 are 2670mm. The length of the bent sleeve 13 is 600mm, the upward arc section of the leg pipe 10 at the tunnel arch base line is 300mm (half of the length of the bent sleeve 13), the downward straight section of the leg pipe 10 at the tunnel arch base line is 3 degrees in inclination angle to the bottom, and the length of the auxiliary pipe 11 is 2000mm.
6 Inner inserting ribs 20 are uniformly welded in the upper ends of the leg pipe 10 and the upper pipe 11, the inner inserting ribs 20 are processed by adopting phi 16mm steel bars, the length is 12mm, and the length welded in the steel pipe and the exposed length are 6mm; the leg pipe 10 is welded with a circle of limiting ribs 21 around the outer wall of the steel pipe at the position of the tunnel arch base line and the position of the upper pipe 11 300mm (the length is equal to half of the length of the bent sleeve 13), and the circle of limiting ribs 21 are processed by adopting phi 16mm steel bars; a plurality of rivets 22 are welded on two sides of the steel pipe frame, the arrangement space of the rivets 22 is 300mm, and the specification of the rivets 22 is M8×100deg.mm; the grouting pipe 18 is processed by adopting a seamless steel pipe with phi 76 multiplied by 5mm, the exhaust pipe 19 is processed by adopting a seamless steel pipe with phi 57 multiplied by 3.5mm, two reinforcing plates 23 are welded on two sides of the steel pipe at the positions of the grouting pipe 18 and the exhaust pipe 19, and the reinforcing plates 23 are steel plates with 150 multiplied by 100 multiplied by 6mm; the handle 24 is processed by adopting a phi 16mm steel bar, the total length is 250mm, the middle part is 150mm, and the width of the two ends is 50mm; the arc beam 14 is processed by 29U-shaped steel, the radian radius is 15m, the limit beam 15 is 20-number channel steel, and the limit beam 15 is axially arranged above the middle of the arc beam 14 along a roadway; the strength grade of the fine concrete 25 is C30, and the maximum aggregate particle size is 20mm; the fine concrete 25 was poured from the grouting pipe 18 into each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe frame until the slurry was discharged from the exhaust pipe 19, and the discharge amount was 10L as a grouting end point.
The permanent support has a support thickness of 400mm and the magnesium cement concrete 26 has a strength grade of C40.
Finally, the roadway support structure and the roadway support method are applied to roadway support of a high-stress mudstone section of a sylvite, and as long as half a year ago, the roadway deformation is in the rule allowable range, the roadway wall does not find cracks and water leakage phenomenon, the stability of the roadway of the mudstone section is good, the expected support effect is achieved, and the reasonability and feasibility of the technical scheme of the roadway support structure and the roadway support method are proved.
While the invention has been described in detail in connection with specific preferred embodiments thereof, it is not to be construed as limited thereto, but rather as a result of a simple deduction or substitution by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The potassium salt mine high-stress mudstone section roadway support structure is characterized by comprising temporary supports, pipe support supports and permanent supports; the pipe support comprises a steel pipe support and a support bottom beam, the steel pipe support is formed by connecting leg pipes (10), upper pipes (11) and top pipes (12), a bent sleeve (13) is sleeved at the joint position of each section of the steel pipe support in a ring mode, a base plate (16) is arranged at the bottom end of each leg pipe (10), a stop block (17) is arranged at the position of a roadway bottom plate of each leg pipe (10), a plurality of inner dowel bars (20) are uniformly welded in the upper end of each leg pipe (10) and the upper end of each upper pipe (11), and limiting ribs (21) are arranged at positions, adjacent to the upper ports of each leg pipe (10) and each upper pipe (11); a plurality of rivets (22) are welded on the surfaces of the two sides of the steel pipe support; fine concrete (25) is poured in the leg pipe (10), the upper pipe (11) and the top pipe (12); the supporting bottom beam comprises an arc beam (14) and a limiting beam (15), two ends of the arc beam (14) are supported below a stop block (17) of the two upper leg pipes (10) of the roadway, and the limiting beam (15) is axially arranged right above the middle of the arc beam (14) along the roadway;
the temporary support is fixed close to the roadway wall, the pipe support is arranged on the inner side of the temporary support, and the temporary support and the pipe support are cast into a whole through the permanent support.
2. The potassium salt mine high-stress mudstone section roadway support structure according to claim 1, wherein one side of the leg pipe (10) is provided with a grouting pipe (18) with a pipe orifice facing the opening side of the roadway, the jacking pipe (12) is provided with an exhaust pipe (19) with the pipe orifice facing upwards, and reinforcing plates (23) are welded on two sides of the pipe body corresponding to the positions of the grouting pipe (18) and the exhaust pipe (19); the fine concrete (25) is injected into each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe rack from the grouting pipe (18) until the slurry flows out of the exhaust pipe (19).
3. The potassium salt mine high-stress mudstone section roadway support structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that the pipe diameters of the leg pipe (10), the upper pipe (11) and the top pipe (12) are the same, and the inner diameter of the bent sleeve (13) is 8-12 mm larger than the outer diameter of the leg pipe (10); the upward arc section of the leg pipe (10) at the tunnel arch base line has the same bending radius as the bending radius of the upper pipe (11), the jacking pipe (12) and the bending sleeve (13).
4. The potassium salt mine high-stress mudstone section roadway support structure according to claim 3, wherein the length of the bent sleeve (13) is 500-800 mm, the arc section of the leg pipe (10) above the roadway arch base line is half of the length of the bent sleeve (13), and the inclination angle of the straight section of the leg pipe (10) below the roadway arch base line to the bottom is 2-5 degrees.
5. The potassium salt mine high-stress mudstone section roadway support structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that the number of the internal inserted bars (20) arranged in the leg pipe (10) and the upper pipe (11) is 5-8, and the length of the internal inserted bars (20) welded into the pipe and the exposed length are 5-8 mm; the limiting ribs (21) on the leg pipe (10) are arranged at a position which is away from the upper port of the leg pipe (10) and is equal to half of the length of the bent sleeve (13); the limit rib (21) on the upper pipe (11) is arranged at a position which is away from the upper port of the upper pipe (11) and is equal to half of the length of the bent sleeve (13); the arrangement space of the rivets (22) is 200-400 mm.
6. The potassium salt mine high-stress mudstone section roadway support structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that 2 handles (24) are welded on the surfaces of the leg pipe (10), the upper pipe (11) and the top pipe (12) towards the roadway opening side, and 1 handle (24) is welded on the middle part of the bent sleeve (13) towards the roadway opening side; the length of the lower parts of the handles (24) on the lower sides of the leg pipes (10) and the upper pipes (11) and the handles (24) on the two sides of the jacking pipe (12) from the lower end of the pipe body is equal to or more than the length of the bent sleeve (13), and the length of the upper parts of the handles (24) on the upper sides of the leg pipes (10) and the upper pipes (11) from the upper end of the pipe body is equal to or more than half the length of the bent sleeve (13).
7. The potassium salt mine high-stress mudstone section roadway support structure according to claim 1, wherein the temporary support comprises a steel shed frame, a pipe shed (1) and a metal net (2); the steel shed frame is used for fixing the pipe shed (1) and the metal net (2) on the roadway wall; the steel canopy frame comprises canopy legs (3) and canopy arches (4), and both ends of canopy legs (3) and canopy arch (4) all are equipped with connecting plate (5), utilize connecting plate (5) and bolted connection between canopy legs (3) and canopy arch (4), and the steel canopy frame utilizes expansion bolts (6) to fix at the lane wall.
8. The potassium salt mine high-stress mudstone section roadway support structure according to claim 7, wherein the steel pipe frames are positioned in the middle of two connected steel shed frames, and the support distance of the steel pipe frames is 600-1000 mm.
9. The sylvine high stress mudstone section roadway support structure of claim 1, wherein the permanent support is cast by magnesium cement concrete (26).
10. A method for supporting a potassium salt mine high stress mudstone section roadway support structure based on any one of claims 1-9, comprising the steps of:
1) After the roadway is excavated, temporary supports are arranged firstly, and the temporary supports are fixed on the roadway wall;
2) Then installing a steel pipe rack, temporarily binding a bent sleeve (13) at the lower end of a side pipe (11) and the two ends of a top pipe (12), butt-installing corresponding ends of a leg pipe (10), the side pipe (11) and the top pipe (12), temporarily fixing each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe rack by using an inner inserting rib (20) in the upper ends of the leg pipe (10) and the side pipe (11), unbinding the bent sleeve (13) to enable the bent sleeve (13) to slide downwards and sleeve the bent sleeve at the joint position of each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe rack, and enabling the lower end of the bent sleeve (13) to be tightly abutted against the upper part of a limiting rib (21) at the upper end of the leg pipe (10) or the side pipe (11); supporting the arc beam (14) below a stop block (17) of the two leg pipes (10) of the roadway, and arranging a limit beam (15) above the right middle of the arc beam (14) along the axial direction of the roadway; after the steel pipe frame and the supporting bottom beam are installed, injecting fine concrete (25) into each section of steel pipe of the steel pipe frame by using grouting equipment, and welding a plurality of rivets (22) on two sides of the steel pipe frame after grouting is finished;
3) And finally, supporting the template, and pouring exposed components in the temporary support and the pipe support together by adopting concrete.
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