CN117952885A - Spherical wave imaging detection method based on ultrasonic array - Google Patents
Spherical wave imaging detection method based on ultrasonic array Download PDFInfo
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- CN117952885A CN117952885A CN202211273610.XA CN202211273610A CN117952885A CN 117952885 A CN117952885 A CN 117952885A CN 202211273610 A CN202211273610 A CN 202211273610A CN 117952885 A CN117952885 A CN 117952885A
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 6
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10132—Ultrasound image
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Abstract
The invention provides a spherical wave imaging detection method based on an ultrasonic array, which adopts an ultrasonic transducer array to transmit and receive sound waves on the surface of a medium, each array element of the transducer is excited according to a calculated delay rule, each array element is excited and received only once, and then signals received by each array element are overlapped according to a certain delay method to obtain a detection image. The invention has the advantages that: compared with the conventional plane wave imaging method at present, the invention provides the spherical wave imaging method based on the ultrasonic array, the spherical wave is radiated by the method, the irradiation range of sound beams is better enlarged, the defect that the conventional plane wave imaging detection method is influenced by the size of the array aperture is overcome, and the method has important practical significance and application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ultrasonic detection and imaging, and particularly relates to a spherical wave imaging detection method based on an ultrasonic array.
Background
The basic idea of ultrasonic phased array technology comes from radar electromagnetic wave phased array technology. The phased array radar is formed by arranging a plurality of radiating units into an array, and the amplitude and the phase of each unit in an array antenna are controlled to adjust the radiation direction of electromagnetic waves, so that a flexible and rapid focused scanning radar beam is synthesized in a certain space range. The ultrasonic phased array transducer is formed by a plurality of independent piezoelectric wafers, and each wafer unit is controlled and excited by an electronic system according to a certain rule and time sequence to adjust and control the position and the focusing direction of a focus.
The ultrasonic phased array is a combination of ultrasonic probe wafers, a plurality of piezoelectric wafers are distributed and arranged according to a certain rule, then each wafer is excited successively according to a preset delay time, ultrasonic waves emitted by all the wafers form an integral wave front, the shape and the direction of an emitted ultrasonic beam (wave front) can be effectively controlled, and the beam scanning, deflection and focusing of the ultrasonic waves can be realized. It provides greater capability for determining the shape, size and orientation of discontinuities than single or multiple probe systems.
The ultrasonic phased array detection technology uses multi-array element transducers with different shapes to generate and receive ultrasonic beams, and changes the phase relation when sound waves reach (or come from) a certain point in an object by controlling different delay times of the pulses transmitted (or received) by each array element in the transducer array, so as to realize the change of focus and the direction of the sound waves, thereby realizing the beam scanning, deflection and focusing of the ultrasonic waves. The image is then imaged using a combination of mechanical and electronic scanning.
At present, ultrasonic phased array imaging has been developed rapidly, and although the ultrasonic phased array imaging has good technical advantages in aspects of sound beam control, scanning and the like, the imaging speed is still to be improved sometimes, so that a plane wave imaging method based on an ultrasonic array is proposed, and the imaging detection speed is improved better. However, the acoustic beam generated by the plane wave imaging method is a plane wave, and its beam width depends on the array aperture, which cannot be too large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the conventional plane wave imaging detection method is influenced by the size of the array aperture.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a spherical wave imaging detection method based on an ultrasonic array, which adopts an ultrasonic transducer array to transmit and receive sound waves on the surface of a medium, each array element of the transducer is excited according to a calculated delay rule, each array element is excited and received only once, and then signals received by each array element are overlapped according to a certain delay method to obtain a detection image.
As an improvement of the above system, the method specifically comprises:
step 1: an ultrasonic transducer array is arranged on the surface of a medium;
step 2: calculating the excitation delay time of each array element;
step 3: each array element of the ultrasonic transducer array emits sound waves according to the excitation delay time calculated in the step 2;
step 4: calculating the delay time between the echo signal received by each array element and the echo signal at the center of the array according to the coordinates of one target point;
Step 5: each array element of the ultrasonic transducer array superimposes the received signals according to the delay rule calculated in the step 4 to obtain imaging signals of the target point;
Step 6: and (3) sequentially changing the positions of the target points, executing the steps 4 to 5 on each target point to obtain imaging signals of the target points, and comprehensively imaging the amplitude information of all the imaging signals of the imaging points to obtain an ultrasonic reconstruction image.
As an improvement of the above system, the step 2 specifically includes:
Setting the center of an ultrasonic transducer array as a coordinate origin, the direction of the ultrasonic transducer array as an x-axis, the imaging depth direction as a z-axis, and the spherical center coordinates of spherical waves as (0, -f oc); the transducer has N array elements, wherein the coordinates of the nth array element are (0, x n), and the excitation delay time Δt n required by the nth array element is:
wherein T c is a time constant greater than zero; c is the speed of sound in the medium.
As an improvement of the above system, the step 4 specifically includes:
The delay time τ n between the echo signal received by the nth array element and the echo signal at the center of the array is:
Wherein x is the x-axis coordinate of the target point and z is the z-axis coordinate of the target point.
As an improvement of the above system, the step 5 specifically includes:
superposing signals S n (t) received by each array element of the ultrasonic transducer according to a delay rule to obtain imaging signals of a target point:
Wherein S n(t-τn) is a signal received by the nth element at time t- τ n.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
compared with the conventional plane wave imaging method at present, the invention provides the spherical wave imaging method based on the ultrasonic array, the spherical wave is radiated by the method, the irradiation range of sound beams is better enlarged, the defect that the conventional plane wave imaging detection method is influenced by the size of the array aperture is overcome, and the method has important practical significance and application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transducer array transmitting spherical waves;
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a spherical wave imaging detection method based on an ultrasonic array.
Detailed Description
The invention provides spherical wave imaging based on an ultrasonic array, and spherical waves are radiated by the method, so that the irradiation range of sound beams is well enlarged, and the defect of a plane wave imaging detection method is overcome.
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method of the invention adopts an ultrasonic transducer array to transmit and receive sound waves on the surface of a medium, each array element of the transducer is excited according to the calculated delay rule, each array element is excited and received only once, and then signals received by each array element are overlapped according to a certain delay method to obtain a detection image.
The acoustic propagation mode of spherical wave imaging is shown in fig. 1, wherein the center of the transducer array is the origin of coordinates, the coordinates of the spherical center of the spherical wave are (0, -f oc), a virtual point source is arranged at the spherical center and transmits signals, and the time of the signals transmitted by the point source reaching each array element and the delay between adjacent array elements can be obtained according to the geometric distance between the spherical center and each array element. The spherical waves which are radiated outwards by taking the virtual point source as the sphere center in the figure 1 can be formed by loading the time delay rule on each array element of the transducer. It should be noted that the virtual point source is not present, and the purpose of the virtual point source is to obtain a delay rule of the spherical waves emitted by the transducer array.
In fig. 1, the x-axis is the transducer array direction and the z-axis is the imaging depth direction, and in spherical wave imaging, the spherical waves emitted by the transducer array are equivalent to those emitted from a virtual point source at the center of sphere (0, -f oc). If the transducer has N array elements in total, where the coordinates of the nth array element are (0, x n), then the excitation delay time Δt n required for the nth array element during transmission can be obtained from the geometric relationship of fig. 1 and can be expressed as:
Where T c is a time constant to ensure that the transmit delay is a non-negative number and c is the speed of sound in the medium.
The transducer array generates a spherical wave under the above-mentioned time-delay regular excitation, the spherical wave is emitted from a virtual point, reaches a target point P (x, z), and is reflected to an acoustic path d propagated to an nth array element of the phased array, and the acoustic path d can be expressed as:
Thus, the delay time τ n between the echo signal received by the nth array element and the echo signal at the center of the array is
The signals S n (t) received by each array element of the energy converter are overlapped according to the above delay rule to obtain
This is the imaging signal of the target point P, and the superimposed delays τ n are different if the target point positions are different.
Sequentially changing the positions of target points, obtaining the amplitude information of imaging signals according to a formula (4) for each target point, and comprehensively imaging the amplitude information of all imaging points to obtain an ultrasonic reconstruction image based on the emission of spherical waves of an ultrasonic array.
As shown in fig. 2, the specific steps of the spherical wave imaging detection method based on the ultrasonic array of the invention are as follows:
step 1: an ultrasonic transducer array is arranged on the surface of a medium;
step 2: calculating the excitation delay time of each array element;
Setting the center of an ultrasonic transducer array as a coordinate origin, the direction of the ultrasonic transducer array as an x-axis, the imaging depth direction as a z-axis, and the spherical center coordinates of spherical waves as (0, -f oc); the transducer has N array elements, wherein the coordinates of the nth array element are (0, x n), and the excitation delay time Δt n required by the nth array element is:
wherein T c is a time constant greater than zero; c is the speed of sound in the medium.
Step 3: each array element of the ultrasonic transducer array emits sound waves according to the excitation delay time calculated in the step 2;
step 4: calculating the delay time between the echo signal received by each array element and the echo signal at the center of the array according to the coordinates of one target point;
The delay time τ n between the echo signal received by the nth array element and the echo signal at the center of the array is:
Wherein x is the x-axis coordinate of the target point and z is the z-axis coordinate of the target point.
Step 5: each array element of the ultrasonic transducer array superimposes the received signals according to the delay rule calculated in the step 4 to obtain imaging signals of the target point;
superposing signals S n (t) received by each array element of the ultrasonic transducer according to a delay rule to obtain imaging signals of a target point:
Wherein S n(t-τn) is a signal received by the nth element at time t- τ n.
Step 6: and (3) sequentially changing the positions of the target points, executing the steps 4 to 5 on each target point to obtain imaging signals of the target points, and comprehensively imaging the amplitude information of all the imaging signals of the imaging points to obtain an ultrasonic reconstruction image.
Compared with the conventional plane wave imaging method at present, the invention provides the spherical wave imaging method based on the ultrasonic array, the spherical wave is radiated by the method, the irradiation range of sound beams is better enlarged, the defects of the conventional plane wave imaging detection method are overcome, and the method has important practical significance and application value.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A spherical wave imaging detection method based on an ultrasonic array comprises the steps of adopting an ultrasonic transducer array to transmit and receive sound waves on the surface of a medium, exciting each array element of the transducer according to a calculated delay rule, exciting and receiving each array element only once, and then obtaining a detection image by a certain delay superposition method on signals received by each array element.
2. The ultrasonic array-based spherical wave imaging detection method according to claim 1, wherein the method specifically comprises:
step 1: an ultrasonic transducer array is arranged on the surface of a medium;
step 2: calculating the excitation delay time of each array element;
step 3: each array element of the ultrasonic transducer array emits sound waves according to the excitation delay time calculated in the step 2;
step 4: calculating the delay time between the echo signal received by each array element and the echo signal at the center of the array according to the coordinates of one target point;
Step 5: each array element of the ultrasonic transducer array superimposes the received signals according to the delay rule calculated in the step 4 to obtain imaging signals of the target point;
Step 6: and (3) sequentially changing the positions of the target points, executing the steps 4 to 5 on each target point to obtain imaging signals of the target points, and comprehensively imaging the amplitude information of all the imaging signals of the imaging points to obtain an ultrasonic reconstruction image.
3. The ultrasonic array-based spherical wave imaging detection method according to claim 2, wherein the step 2 specifically comprises:
Setting the center of an ultrasonic transducer array as a coordinate origin, the direction of the ultrasonic transducer array as an x-axis, the imaging depth direction as a z-axis, and the spherical center coordinates of spherical waves as (0, -f oc); the transducer has N array elements, wherein the coordinates of the nth array element are (0, x n), and the excitation delay time Δt n required by the nth array element is:
wherein T c is a time constant greater than zero; c is the speed of sound in the medium.
4. The ultrasonic array-based spherical wave imaging detection method according to claim 3, wherein the step 4 specifically comprises:
The delay time τ n between the echo signal received by the nth array element and the echo signal at the center of the array is:
Wherein x is the x-axis coordinate of the target point and z is the z-axis coordinate of the target point.
5. The ultrasonic array-based spherical wave imaging detection method according to claim 4, wherein the step 5 specifically comprises:
superposing signals S n (t) received by each array element of the ultrasonic transducer according to a delay rule to obtain imaging signals of a target point:
Wherein S n(t-τn) is a signal received by the nth element at time t- τ n.
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