CN117943694A - Laser-MIG electric arc composite filler wire welding method for high-strength aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Laser-MIG electric arc composite filler wire welding method for high-strength aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a laser-MIG electric arc composite filler wire welding method of a high-strength aluminum alloy. The method comprises the following steps: the welding posture is adjusted to enable the laser beam, the first welding wire and the second welding wire to jointly act on the same molten pool, wherein the first welding wire realizes molten drop transition under the MIG arc welding effect, and the second welding wire realizes molten drop transition under the radiation heating of the laser beam and the induction heating effect of the heating device; determining the front and back widths of a welding joint of laser-MIG arc composite welding when the second welding wire is not filled; determining the wire feeding speed of the second welding wire according to the front and back widths of the welding joint; and carrying out laser-MIG arc composite filler wire welding on the high-strength aluminum alloy according to the wire feeding speed of the second welding wire and the laser-MIG arc composite welding parameters when the second welding wire is not filled. The laser-MIG arc composite filler wire welding method for the high-strength aluminum alloy aims to solve the problem that the high-strength aluminum alloy is easy to crack in the melting welding process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a laser-MIG electric arc composite filler wire welding method of a high-strength aluminum alloy.
Background
The laser welding has the advantages of low heat input, high welding speed, small thermal damage to materials, easy realization of flexible operation when being matched with a manipulator, welding in an atmospheric environment and the like, so that the laser welding is increasingly applied to the fields of aerospace, transportation and the like. However, the assembly accuracy before welding is high, and the chemical composition of the welded joint cannot be adjusted as required, which limits the further application of laser welding to a certain extent.
By adding welding wires or electric arcs in the laser welding process, namely adopting laser filler wire welding or laser-electric arc composite welding, the limitation of high assembly precision before self-fluxing laser welding can be overcome, and chemical components of the welding joint can be properly adjusted by adopting the filler wires, so that the method has wider and wider application.
In the laser arc composite welding process, the welding wires are filled simultaneously, so that the method is an effective method for improving the deposition efficiency. Patent application nos. 202211556587.5 and 202211557459.2 propose filling double wires in a laser and single or two TIG arc hybrid welding process to solve the problems of sidewall fusion and improved deposition efficiency of narrow gap welding. Patent application No. 201811243168.X proposes that during laser-hot wire MIG hybrid welding, the molten pool stirring is accelerated by the scanning of the laser beam, thereby improving the weld back from concave to full. The patent application No. 202110448624.X presents an empirical formula of a laser-TIG arc compound thermal welding process and wire feed speed.
The high-strength aluminum alloy is easy to generate cracks in the fusion welding process, and the filler wire or the added arc by the conventional method has a certain restriction effect on the cracks, but has poor improvement effect.
For the fusion welding of the high-strength aluminum alloy, the welding line formation or the fullness of the welding line is improved by wire feeding, and the crack sensitivity of the base metal fusion and resolidification is regulated and controlled by the welding wire component and the mechanical property of the joint is improved, so that the engineering application of the fusion welding structure of the high-strength aluminum alloy is expanded.
Therefore, the inventor provides a laser-MIG electric arc composite filler wire welding method of high-strength aluminum alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
The embodiment of the invention provides a laser-MIG electric arc composite filler wire welding method for high-strength aluminum alloy, which solves the technical problem that the high-strength aluminum alloy is easy to crack in the process of fusion welding.
(2) Technical proposal
The invention provides a laser-MIG electric arc composite filler wire welding method of a high-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
The welding posture is adjusted to enable a laser beam, a first welding wire and a second welding wire to act on the same molten pool together, wherein the first welding wire realizes molten drop transition in a jet flow transition mode under the MIG arc welding effect, and the second welding wire realizes molten drop transition in a short circuit transition mode under the radiation heating of the laser beam and the induction heating effect of a heating device;
Determining the front and back widths of a welding joint of laser-MIG arc composite welding when the second welding wire is not filled;
Determining the wire feeding speed of the second welding wire according to the front and back widths of the welding joint;
and carrying out laser-MIG arc composite filler wire welding on the high-strength aluminum alloy according to the wire feeding speed of the second welding wire and the laser-MIG arc composite welding parameters when the second welding wire is not filled.
Further, the laser beam is a scanning galvanometer laser beam, the scanning track is circular, the scanning amplitude is 0-1.5 mm, and the scanning frequency is 30-200 Hz.
Further, the welding current of the MIG arc is 40 to 80A.
Further, the diameter range of the first welding wire and the second welding wire is 0.8-1.6 mm.
Further, the focal spot diameter of the laser beam is 0.15-0.6 mm, and the included angle between the laser beam and the normal direction of the welding surface is within + -10 degrees.
Further, the included angles of the first welding wire, the second welding wire and the welding surface are all 30-60 degrees.
Further, the first welding wire is a welding wire added with a strengthening element with set content, and the strengthening element comprises at least one of Mg, er, zr and Sc.
Further, the second welding wire is a welding wire rich in Si.
Further, the distance between the first welding wire and the light arc of the laser beam is 2.0-5.0 mm.
Further, the distance between the second welding wire and the light wire of the laser beam is 0.25-0.75 times of the diameter of the second welding wire.
(3) Advantageous effects
In summary, the invention combines the surplus high requirements of the front side and the back side of the cross section of the preset welding joint to form the wire feeding speed empirical formula of the second welding wire, thereby being convenient for determining the wire feeding speed of the second welding wire and realizing full welding by double wire feeding of the first welding wire and the second welding wire. Meanwhile, the front end of the molten pool is fed by adopting a hot wire, and the melting of the second welding wire and the transition of molten drops to the molten pool are facilitated under the action of a laser-arc composite heat source. Under the stirring action of the laser beam, the alloy element is accelerated to diffuse in the molten pool, so that the escape of air hole defects in the molten pool is facilitated, the growth of columnar crystals can be further restrained, the generation of equiaxed crystals is promoted, and a better welding effect can be obtained.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a laser-MIG arc composite filler wire welding method for high-strength aluminum alloy provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of laser-MIG arc composite filler wire welding according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-a laser beam; 2-MIG welding gun; 3-a first welding wire; 4-a second welding wire; 5-an inert gas shield; 6-MIG arc; 7-a heating device; 8-a heating power supply; 9-melting pool; 10-weld metal; 11-welding the base material.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or the directions or positional relationships conventionally put in place when the product of the present invention is used, or the directions or positional relationships conventionally understood by those skilled in the art are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a laser-MIG arc composite filler wire welding method for high-strength aluminum alloys according to an embodiment of the present invention, which may include the following steps:
And S100, adjusting the welding posture to enable the laser beam, the first welding wire and the second welding wire to act on the same molten pool together, wherein the first welding wire realizes the molten drop transition in a jet flow transition mode under the MIG arc welding effect, and the second welding wire realizes the molten drop transition in a short circuit transition mode under the radiation heating of the laser beam and the induction heating effect of the heating device.
Specifically, the welding posture includes feeding the second welding wire 4 heated by the heating device 7 continuously at the front end of the molten pool 9 formed by the paraxial compounding of the laser-MIG arc; the laser beam 1 and the welding plane are basically in normal positions, and the second welding wire 4 and the MIG welding gun 2 are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the laser beam 1; the MIG welding gun 2 continues to feed the first welding wire 3, as shown in fig. 2, with the first welding wire 3, the centre axis of the laser beam 1 and the second welding wire 4 being in the same plane.
Wherein the laser beam 1, the melting electrode (first welding wire 3) and the continuously heated second welding wire 4 are jointly acted on the same molten pool and the vicinity thereof, the defocusing amount Deltaf of the focal point of the laser beam 1 and the welding surface is + -2 mm, and the focal spot diameter of the laser beamThe included angle between the laser beam 1 and the normal direction of the welding surface is within the range of +/-10 degrees. The included angle between the first welding wire 3 and the second welding wire 4 and the welding surface is 30-60 degrees. The preset light arc distance between the first welding wire 3 and the laser beam 1 is D LA, and the preset light arc distance between the second welding wire 4 and the laser beam 1 is D LW. The diameter of the first welding wire 3 is/>The diameter of the second welding wire 4 is/>And/>Equal or unequal, and are determined according to actual needs, and are all in the range of 0.8 mm-1.6 mm.
The heating device 7 and the wire feeding mechanism of the second welding wire 4 are both connected with a hot wire power supply 8 for providing a power source for the wire feeding mechanism and simultaneously providing a heat source for the heating device 7. The heating means 7 is preferably a hot wire heating means.
The distance D LA between the first welding wire 3 and the laser beam 1 is 2.0-5.0 mm, and the distance D LW between the second welding wire 4 and the laser beam 1 is the second welding wire diameter0.25 To 0.75 times of the total weight of the steel sheet. Following/>D LW increases accordingly.
And S200, determining the front and back widths of the welding joint of the laser-MIG arc composite welding when the second welding wire is not filled.
Specifically, the laser-MIG arc hybrid welding when the second welding wire 4 is not filled may be a flat plate overlay welding method or a butt splice welding method. When the second welding wire 4 is not filled with each set of welding process parameters, the obtained front face width FW and the back face width BW of the laser-MIG arc composite welding seam establish corresponding relations. The welding seam forming has no welding leakage, uneven melting width and the like, and allows welding collapse to exist.
S300, determining the wire feeding speed of the second welding wire according to the front and back widths of the welding joint.
Specifically, other welding parameters except for the wire feed speed v 2 and the hot wire temperature of the second welding wire 4 are the same as those of step S100, and the wire feed speed v 2 of the second welding wire 4 is determined according to formula (1):
Wherein FW is the front width of the laser-MIG arc composite welding joint when the second welding wire 4 is not filled, and BW is the back width of the laser-MIG arc composite welding joint when the second welding wire 4 is not filled; deltah 1 is the front residual height of a preset welding joint, and the value is 0.5 mm-2.0 mm; deltah 2 is the residual height of the back surface of a preset welding joint, and the value is 0.5 mm-2.5 mm; v w is the welding speed, v 1 is the wire feed speed of the first welding wire 3, and v 2 is the wire feed speed of the second welding wire 4; For the diameter of the first welding wire 3,/> Is the diameter of the second welding wire 4.
S400, performing laser-MIG arc composite filler wire welding on the high-strength aluminum alloy according to the wire feeding speed of the second welding wire and the laser-MIG arc composite welding parameters when the second welding wire is not filled.
Specifically, before welding, the workpiece to be welded needs to be assembled, and the specific requirements are as follows: the partial assembly clearance is not larger than Deltax, the value range of Deltax is 30%. Delta or 0.5mm (delta is the wall thickness of a base material to be welded, delta is the wall thickness of a smaller base material when the dissimilar thickness is welded), and the smaller value is taken; the assembly misalignment amount is not more than Deltay, the Deltay takes the value range of 20%. Delta or 0.3mm, and takes the smaller value.
According to the welding width of the front and back surfaces of the welding joint to be obtained, the welding speed, the laser power, the MIG welding current, the wire feeding speed v 2 of the second welding wire 4, the light arc distance D LA, the light wire distance D LW and the like are set.
The heating device 7 adopts a high-frequency induction heating principle, has no bypass current magnetic field interference, eliminates the magnetic blow phenomenon, is more suitable for heating the low-resistivity welding wire, and can also realize accurate adjustment of heating temperature. Under the effect of the radiation heating of the laser beam 1 and the high-frequency induction heating of the heating device 7, the second welding wire 4 realizes the molten drop transition in a short-circuit transition mode. Under the pulse MIG arc welding action, the first welding wire 3 achieves droplet transfer in a jet transfer manner.
In some alternative embodiments, the laser beam 1 is a scanning galvanometer laser beam, the scanning track is circular, the scanning amplitude is 0-1.5 mm, and the scanning frequency is 30-200 Hz. Here, the laser beam 1 includes a conventional laser beam and a scanning galvanometer laser beam. The scanning galvanometer laser beam can accelerate the flow of the molten pool, is more beneficial to the melting of the second welding wire 4 and the transition of molten drops to the molten pool, the diffusion of alloy elements in the molten pool and the escape of air hole defects in the molten pool, so that better welding effect can be obtained.
In some alternative embodiments, the MIG arc has a welding current of 40 to 80A. MIG arc, on the basis of guaranteeing the energy coupling of the composite welding (namely, the composite arc is normal and the welding seam is well formed), the welding current is selected to be as low as possible, and the selection range of the welding current is 40A-80A. When the welding current is 40A-80A, the first welding wire 3Is 1.2mm, and the wire feeding speed v 1 of the corresponding first welding wire 3 is 2.6 m/min-4.8 m/min under the integral regulation effect of the special aluminum welding machine. More preferably, the welding current is selected in the range of 40A to 60A, and the wire feeding speed v 1 of the corresponding first welding wire 3 is 2.6m/min to 3.6m/min.
In some alternative embodiments, the first welding wire is a welding wire with a set content of strengthening elements, wherein the strengthening elements include at least one of Mg, er, zr, and Sc. Specifically, the first welding wire 3 is preferably selected from ER5356 welding wires with rich Mg content, and may also be selected from ER5356 welding wires with other strengthening elements added with certain content; strengthening elements include, but are not limited to, er, zr, sc; when the Er element is added, the mass percentage range of the Er is 0.10-0.30%; when Zr element is added, the mass percentage range of Zr is 0.15-0.30%; when the Sc element is added, the mass percentage range of the Sc is 0.10-0.20%. When the first welding wire 3 is added with the strengthening element, the first welding wire is transited into the liquid molten pool, so that the heterogeneous nucleation probability of the molten pool is relatively increased, grains can be further refined, the strength of a welding joint can be improved, and welding cracks can be restrained to a certain extent.
In some alternative embodiments, the second welding wire is a Si-rich welding wire. Specifically, the second welding wire 4 is preferably an ER4043 welding wire or an ER4047 welding wire rich in Si. The fluidity of the molten pool 9 is increased by the transition of the Si element with a larger content into the liquid molten pool, thereby realizing the function of suppressing the welding crack.
Providing different realization functions of the first welding wire and the second welding wire, wherein the first welding wire is transited into a liquid molten pool by adding Mg-rich content or other strengthening elements, so that the supercooling and heterogeneous nucleation probability of the components of the molten pool 9 are further increased, further grain refinement and improvement of the strength of a welded joint are realized, and welding cracks are restrained to a certain extent; the second welding wire is transited into the liquid molten pool by adding Si-rich elements, so that the fluidity of the liquid molten pool is increased, and the function of inhibiting welding cracks is realized.
Example 1
Taking 7050 high-strength aluminum alloy with the thickness of 3mm as an example, the laser-MIG electric arc composite filler wire welding method comprises the following steps:
S100: and adjusting or confirming welding posture and laser-MIG arc composite welding parameters. Wherein the laser source selects fiber laser, the defocusing amount Deltaf of the focal point of the laser beam 1 and the welding surface is 0mm, and the focal spot diameter of the laser beam The angle between the laser beam 1 and the normal to the welding surface was in the range of 8 deg. for 0.28 mm. The first welding wire 3 and the second welding wire 4 are both at an angle of 45 ° to the welding surface. The preset light arc distance D LA between the first welding wire 3 and the laser beam 1 is selected to be 4.0m/min, and the preset light arc distance D LW between the second welding wire 4 and the laser beam 1 is selected/>I.e. 0.6mm. Diameter of the first welding wire 3-And diameter/>, of the second welding wire 4Equal and 1.2mm was chosen for each. The laser beam 1 adopts a scanning vibrating mirror laser beam, the scanning track is circular, the scanning amplitude is 0.5mm, and the scanning frequency is 50Hz. On the basis of ensuring the coupling of the composite welding energy (namely, the normal composite arc and the good formation of the welding seam), the welding current is selected as low as possible, under the welding condition, the MIG welding current is selected to be 50A, and under the integral regulation effect of the special aluminum welding machine, the wire feeding speed v 1 of the corresponding first welding wire 3 is 3.2m/min. The wire feed speed v 2 of the second welding wire 4 is 0m/min, i.e. the second welding wire 4 is not filled once. The first welding wire 3 is ER5356 welding wire with rich Mg content. The welding speed v w was chosen to be 1.5m/min and the laser power was chosen to be 3000W.
S200: and establishing the correlation between the laser-MIG arc composite welding process parameters when the second welding wire 4 is not filled and the front and back widths of the welding joints. Namely, under the action of the welding process parameters selected in the step S100, the front face melting width FW and the back face melting width BW of the laser-MIG arc composite welding seam when the second welding wire 4 is not filled are obtained. The welding seam forming has no phenomena of welding leakage, uneven melting width and the like, and allows welding collapse to exist. Wherein fw=4.6 mm, bw=3.6 mm.
S300: assembling the welded workpiece. The partial assembly clearance is not larger than Deltax, and the Deltax takes a value of 0.5mm; the assembly misalignment amount is not more than delta y, and the delta y takes a value of 0.3mm.
S400: and setting welding process parameters. The second welding wire 4 is ER4043 welding wire rich in Si. The welding parameters are the same as those of step S100 except for the wire feed speed v 2 and the hot wire temperature of the second welding wire 4. Presetting the front residual height Deltah 1 of the welding joint to be 1.0mm, presetting the back residual height Deltah 2 of the welding joint to be 1.5mm, and calculating to obtain the wire feeding speed v 2 of the second welding wire 4 to take a value of 3.4m/min through a formula (1). The preheating temperature of the second welding wire 4 was adjusted to 500c by high frequency induction heating of the hot wire heating device 7.
S500: and (5) performing welding. And (3) carrying out laser-MIG electric arc composite filler wire welding of the high-strength aluminum alloy under the protection of inert gas according to the set welding process parameters. Under the radiation heating of the laser beam 1 and the high-frequency induction heating of the hot wire heating device 7, the second welding wire 4 realizes molten drop transition in a short-circuit transition mode. Under the pulse MIG arc welding action, the first welding wire 3 achieves droplet transfer in a jet transfer manner. In addition, by adopting hot wire feeding at the front end of the molten pool, under the heating action of the laser beam, particularly the scanning galvanometer laser beam, the melting of the second welding wire 4 and the transition of molten drops to the molten pool, the diffusion of alloy elements in the molten pool and the escape of air hole defects in the molten pool are more facilitated, so that better welding effect can be obtained.
S600: and (5) quality inspection. X-ray inspection of the welded joint is performed.
The geometric dimension of the cross section of the welded joint is measured, the method basically accords with the expectation, the welded joint is good in forming, the welding seam is full, the defects of welding air holes, cracks and the like are well controlled, and the tensile strength of the welded joint can reach more than 70% of that of a base material in a welding state. In order to further improve the mechanical properties of the welded joint, the mechanical properties can be realized by a solid solution aging heat treatment process, and after heat treatment, the tensile strength of the welded joint can reach more than 90% of that of a base metal. In conclusion, the welding method is reasonable and feasible, and is particularly suitable for high-quality welding of 7XXX and 2XXX series high-strength aluminum alloys such as 7050, 2024 and the like.
It should be understood that, in the present specification, each embodiment is described in an incremental manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments are all referred to each other, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments. The invention is not limited to the specific steps and structures described above and shown in the drawings. Also, a detailed description of known method techniques is omitted here for the sake of brevity.
The above is only an example of the present application and is not limited to the present application. Various modifications and alterations of this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the application are to be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The laser-MIG arc composite filler wire welding method for the high-strength aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
The welding posture is adjusted to enable a laser beam, a first welding wire and a second welding wire to act on the same molten pool together, wherein the first welding wire realizes molten drop transition in a jet flow transition mode under the MIG arc welding effect, and the second welding wire realizes molten drop transition in a short circuit transition mode under the radiation heating of the laser beam and the induction heating effect of a heating device;
Determining the front and back widths of a welding joint of laser-MIG arc composite welding when the second welding wire is not filled;
Determining the wire feeding speed of the second welding wire according to the front and back widths of the welding joint;
and carrying out laser-MIG arc composite filler wire welding on the high-strength aluminum alloy according to the wire feeding speed of the second welding wire and the laser-MIG arc composite welding parameters when the second welding wire is not filled.
2. The method for welding the high-strength aluminum alloy by using the laser-MIG electric arc composite filler wire according to claim 1, wherein the laser beam is a scanning galvanometer laser beam, the scanning track is circular, the scanning amplitude is 0-1.5 mm, and the scanning frequency is 30-200 Hz.
3. The laser-MIG arc hybrid filler wire welding method of high strength aluminum alloys of claim 1, wherein the MIG arc has a welding current of 40-80A.
4. The method for welding the high-strength aluminum alloy by using the laser-MIG electric arc composite filler wire according to claim 1, wherein the diameters of the first welding wire and the second welding wire are in a range of 0.8-1.6 mm.
5. The method for welding the high-strength aluminum alloy by using the laser-MIG electric arc composite filler wire according to claim 1, wherein the focal spot diameter of the laser beam is 0.15-0.6 mm, and the included angle between the laser beam and the normal direction of the welding surface is within a range of +/-10 degrees.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first welding wire and the second welding wire each have an included angle of 30-60 ° with the welding surface.
7. The method for welding the high-strength aluminum alloy by using the laser-MIG electric arc composite filler wire according to claim 1, wherein the first welding wire is a welding wire added with a set content of strengthening elements, and the strengthening elements comprise at least one of Mg, er, zr and Sc.
8. The method for welding the high-strength aluminum alloy by using the laser-MIG electric arc composite filler wire according to claim 1, wherein the second welding wire is a welding wire rich in Si.
9. The method for welding the high-strength aluminum alloy by using the laser-MIG electric arc composite filler wire according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the first welding wire and the light arc of the laser beam is 2.0-5.0 mm.
10. The laser-MIG arc composite filler wire welding method of high strength aluminum alloys of claim 1, wherein the second wire is spaced from the laser beam by 0.25 to 0.75 times the second wire diameter.
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2024
- 2024-01-30 CN CN202410130005.XA patent/CN117943694A/en active Pending
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