CN117940554A - Live bacterial strains of the genus Pseudomonas - Google Patents

Live bacterial strains of the genus Pseudomonas Download PDF

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CN117940554A
CN117940554A CN202380013541.5A CN202380013541A CN117940554A CN 117940554 A CN117940554 A CN 117940554A CN 202380013541 A CN202380013541 A CN 202380013541A CN 117940554 A CN117940554 A CN 117940554A
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bacterial strain
live bacterial
oprf
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strain
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林秋彬
张梦娅
孙少琦
李明纯
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Shanghai Yuguan Biotechnology Co ltd
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Abstract

The present invention relates to the biomedical field. In particular, the invention relates to a live bacterial strain from a species of Pseudomonas sp, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and uses thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to a live bacterial strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa with reduced OprF activity, a vaccine against pseudomonas aeruginosa infection comprising said live bacterial strain, and a method for preventing and/or treating pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a subject by administering said live bacterial strain.

Description

Live bacterial strains of the genus Pseudomonas
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the biomedical field. In particular, the invention relates to a live bacterial strain from a species of Pseudomonas sp, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and uses thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to a live bacterial strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa with reduced OprF activity, a vaccine against pseudomonas aeruginosa infection comprising said live bacterial strain, and a method for preventing and/or treating pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a subject by administering said live bacterial strain.
Background
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous gram-negative bacterium that can survive in a broad range of natural environments. It is also an opportunistic human pathogen associated with hospital acquired infections such as sepsis in immunocompromised patients, intestinal and pulmonary infections, and is also a major cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with cystic fibrosis. Since pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to many of the currently available antibiotics, treatment of this bacteria has become a significant challenge. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are known to resist most antibiotics by their high level of intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, the adaptive antibiotic resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa is a newly disclosed mechanism that involves biofilm-mediated drug resistance and the formation of multi-drug resistant durable cells and can lead to persistent and recurrent infections 1. The adaptability of this opportunistic pathogen hampers the development of antimicrobial therapy and therefore it remains a major threat to public health.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa was originally classified as an extracellular pathogen. However, many reports underscores their ability to enter host cells, resulting in an intracellular residence phase, which may be an important infection beyond traditional extracellular infections. Recently, pseudomonas aeruginosa has been shown to be located within cultured macrophages. Fate studies of this bacterium within macrophages have found that vacuole escape of pseudomonas aeruginosa and macrophage death driven by intracellular bacteria is likely to be related to cytoplasmic location of the bacterium 2. Bacterial factors involved in this macrophage inner step were also studied. Among these, oprF has been found to be one of the key factors involved in the survival of P.aeruginosa in macrophages 3.
OprF is a major outer membrane porin that is involved in maintenance of cellular structure, outer membrane permeability, environmental sensing, adhesion, biofilm formation and virulence. It allows non-specific diffusion of ionic species and small polar nutrients, including polysaccharides 4 with molecular weights up to 1.5 kDa. OprF anchors OM to the peptidoglycan layer and participates in host-pathogen interactions. The absence of OprF leads to increased biofilm formation and production of Pel exopolysaccharides and has been shown to be necessary for expression of complete virulence 5,6. Furthermore, recent studies indicate that OprF regulates transcription of type III secretion system (T3 SS) genes. T3SS and its ExoS effectors play a major role in the survival of P.aeruginosa macrophages, allowing internalized bacteria to escape the phagosome and promote macrophage lysis. Consistent with the effect of OprF on T3SS gene transcription, oprF regulates production of T3SS PCRV CAP protein and secretion of ExoT and ExoS toxins 3. Furthermore, oprF also regulates production 5 of quorum sensing-dependent virulence factors, pyocin, elastase, lectin PA-1L, and exotoxin A, indicating that OprF acts as a sensor of the host immune system and plays a role in the immune escape of P.aeruginosa infected hosts.
Vaccines represent an alternative strategy to combat pathogens due to their antimicrobial resistance, and despite more than 50 years of research into anti-pseudomonas vaccines, no vaccine has been licensed 7. There remains a need for other methods to produce effective vaccines.
Disclosure of Invention
With the rapid development of genome modification technology, the use of synthetic bacterial vectors in vaccines has become one of the promising strategies. The aim of this study was to construct a bacterial vaccine vector that could be modulated using efficient antigen display and elicit immunogenicity in various models of pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Aiming at immune escape of the targeting pseudomonas aeruginosa, the low toxicity is designed by knocking out the oprF gene in the pseudomonas aeruginosa. By doing so, the novel attenuated strain further exhibits high immunogenicity in a mouse model.
In this regard, the invention provides at least the following embodiments:
Embodiment 1. A live bacterial strain from a species of the genus pseudomonas, wherein the live bacterial strain lacks or has reduced OprF activity and/or the expression of the OprF gene in the live bacterial strain is reduced and/or the live bacterial strain of the invention contains a mutation of the OprF gene, e.g. compared to a corresponding control strain.
Embodiment 2. The live bacterial strain according to embodiment 1, wherein said species from the genus Pseudomonas is Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Embodiment 3. The live bacterial strain of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the activity of OprF in the live bacterial strain is reduced by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80% or at least about 90% or more compared to a corresponding control strain, preferably the live bacterial strain lacks OprF activity.
Embodiment 4. The live bacterial strain of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the expression of the oprF gene in the live bacterial strain is reduced, e.g., reduced by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80% or at least about 90% or more, as compared to a corresponding control strain, preferably the live bacterial strain lacks oprF gene expression.
Embodiment 5. The live bacterial strain of any of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the oprF gene encodes an oprF protein having an amino acid sequence with at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9% sequence identity to SEQ ID No. 1 or an amino acid sequence with SEQ ID No. 1.
Embodiment 6. The live bacterial strain of any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the live bacterial strain contains a mutation of the OprF gene that results in a reduction or lack of OprF activity.
Embodiment 7. The live bacterial strain of embodiment 6, wherein mutation of the oprF gene results in reduced expression of the oprF protein or in reduced expression of a mutated oprF protein, preferably the mutation of the oprF gene results in non-expression of the oprF protein or in expression of an inactive mutated oprF protein.
Embodiment 8. The live bacterial strain according to embodiment 6 or 7, wherein the mutation comprises a deletion of the oprF gene, e.g. a complete deletion or a partial deletion of the oprF gene.
Embodiment 9. The live bacterial strain according to any of embodiments 6 to 8, the mutation is achieved by homologous recombination or by targeted mutagenesis, such as via CRISPR, TALEN or ZFN techniques.
Embodiment 10. The live bacterial strain of any of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the live bacterial strain has a reduced virulence, e.g., the virulence of the live bacterial strain is reduced by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% or more, as compared to a corresponding control strain.
Embodiment 11. The live bacterial strain of any of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the live bacterial strain has increased immunogenicity as compared to a corresponding control strain, e.g., the immunogenicity of the live bacterial strain is increased by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 150%, at least about 200%, at least about 250%, at least about 300% or more.
Embodiment 12. The live bacterial strain of any of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the live bacterial strain is derived from a parent strain as a clinical isolate.
Embodiment 13. The live bacterial strain of any of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the live bacterial strain is derived from a parent strain that already has low virulence.
Embodiment 14. The live bacterial strain according to any of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the live bacterial strain is derived from a pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 or PA14.
Embodiment 15. The live bacterial strain according to any one of embodiments 1 to 14, which is used as a live expression vector for expressing a protein of interest.
Embodiment 16. The live bacterial strain according to any of embodiments 1 to 15, further comprising a coding sequence for a protein of interest, and thereby being capable of expressing said protein of interest.
Embodiment 17. The live bacterial strain of embodiment 16, wherein the coding sequence for the protein of interest is introduced into the live bacterial strain, for example by a nucleic acid expression construct.
Embodiment 18. The live bacterial strain of embodiment 17, wherein the introduced coding sequence for the protein of interest is integrated into the genome of the live bacterial strain.
Embodiment 19 the live bacterial strain of any one of embodiments 16 to 18, wherein the protein of interest is expressed and displayed on the cell surface of the live bacterial strain; or cells of the living bacterial strain expressing and secreting the protein of interest.
Embodiment 20. The live bacterial strain according to any of embodiments 16 to 19, wherein the protein of interest is selected from antibodies or antigens, preferably the protein of interest is an antigen,
For example, the antigen is selected from: pcrV, oprI or oprJNM from pseudomonas aeruginosa; adsA, esxA, esxB, pmtA or PmtC from staphylococcus aureus (s.aureus); or PspA from Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae).
Embodiment 21. Use of the live bacterial strain according to any of embodiments 1 to 20 in the preparation of a composition, such as a vaccine, for the prevention or treatment of a bacterial infection.
Embodiment 22. The use according to embodiment 21, wherein the bacterial infection is an infection caused by a species from the genus Pseudomonas, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Embodiment 23. A composition, such as a vaccine, for preventing or treating a bacterial infection, comprising the live bacterial strain according to any one of embodiments 1 to 20.
Embodiment 24. The composition of embodiment 23, wherein the composition further comprises an adjuvant and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
Embodiment 25. The use according to embodiment 23 or 24, wherein the bacterial infection is an infection caused by a species from the genus Pseudomonas, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Embodiment 26 a method for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a live bacterial strain according to any one of embodiments 1 to 20, or a composition according to embodiments 24 or 25.
Embodiment 27. The method of embodiment 26, wherein the bacterial infection is an infection caused by a species from the genus Pseudomonas, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Embodiment 28. A method for producing a live bacterial strain having reduced virulence and/or increased immunogenicity from a species of the genus pseudomonas, the method comprising reducing the OprF activity in the live bacterial strain and/or reducing expression of an OprF gene in the live bacterial strain and/or introducing a mutation into the OprF gene of the live bacterial strain.
Embodiment 29. The method of embodiment 28, wherein the method comprises reducing expression of an oprF gene of the live bacterial strain.
Embodiment 30. The method according to embodiment 28 or 29, wherein the method comprises introducing a mutation into the oprF gene of the live bacterial strain.
Embodiment 31. The method of embodiment 30, wherein said mutation comprises a complete deletion or a partial deletion of said oprF gene.
Embodiment 32. The method of embodiment 30 or 31, wherein said mutation results in reduced or no expression of said OprF protein.
Embodiment 33. The method of embodiment 30 or 31, wherein the mutation results in a mutated OprF protein with reduced or no activity.
Embodiment 34. The method of any one of embodiments 28 to 33, wherein the species from the genus pseudomonas is pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Embodiment 35 the method according to any one of embodiments 29 to 33, wherein said oprF gene encodes an oprF protein having an amino acid sequence with at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. 1 or having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 1.
Embodiment 36. The method of any one of embodiments 28 to 35, wherein the mutation is achieved by homologous recombination, e.g., double homologous recombination, or by targeted mutagenesis, such as via CRISPR, TALEN, or ZFN techniques.
Embodiment 37 the method of any one of embodiments 28 to 36, wherein the method further comprises introducing a coding sequence for a protein of interest into the live bacterial strain, thereby enabling the live bacterial strain to express the protein of interest.
Embodiment 38. The method of embodiment 37, wherein the coding sequence for the protein of interest is introduced into the live bacterial strain by a nucleic acid expression construct.
Embodiment 39. The method of embodiment 37 or 38, wherein the introduced coding sequence for the protein of interest is integrated into the genome of the live bacterial strain.
Embodiment 40. The method according to any of embodiments 37 to 39, wherein the protein of interest is selected from the group consisting of antibodies and antigens, preferably antigens,
For example, the antigen is selected from: pcrV, oprI or oprJNM from pseudomonas aeruginosa; adsA, esxA, esxB, pmtA or PmtC from staphylococcus aureus (s.aureus); or PspA from Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae).
Drawings
FIG. 1 knockdown of the oprF gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
FIG. 2. Delta. OprF strain shows an extended lag phase and lower growth rate compared to the isogenic wt strain.
Figure 3.Δoprf strain shows lower virulence. BALB/c mice administered with Δoprf strain (2×10 7 CFU) showed 100% survival, whereas mice injected with the same dose of wt strain all died on day 2.
Fig. 4. Pao1Δoprf strain showed a significant increase in antibody titer on day 14 compared to the control group.
FIG. 5 survival studies show improved protection of ΔoprF strain compared to wt strain.
Figure 6 bacterial loads from different tissues.
Detailed Description
Before describing aspects of the present invention, it must be noted that, as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The term "and/or" is intended to include any combination of items connected by that term, equivalent to listing all combinations individually. For example, "A, B and/or C" encompasses "a", "B", "C", "a and B", "a and C", "B and C" and "a and B and C". Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
In one aspect, the invention provides a live bacterial strain from a species of pseudomonas, wherein the live bacterial strain lacks or has reduced OprF activity, and/or wherein expression of an OprF gene in the live bacterial strain is reduced, and/or wherein the live bacterial strain of the invention contains a mutation of the OprF gene, e.g. compared to a corresponding control strain.
In some embodiments, the species from the genus pseudomonas is pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In some embodiments, the OprF activity in a live bacterial strain of the invention is reduced by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% or more as compared to a corresponding control strain.
In some preferred embodiments, the viable bacterial strain lacks OprF activity, e.g., no detectable OprF activity.
In some embodiments, expression of the oprF gene is reduced in a live bacterial strain. In some embodiments, expression of the oprF gene in the live bacterial strain is reduced by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% or more as compared to a corresponding control strain.
In some preferred embodiments, the oprF gene is not expressed in the viable bacterial strain of the invention.
As used herein, an "oprF gene" may refer to the coding sequence of an oprF protein in the genome of the bacterium. However, the oprF gene can also cover expression regulatory elements/sequences, such as promoters, enhancers, etc.
In some embodiments, exemplary OprF proteins have an amino acid sequence that has at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. 1. In some embodiments, the OprF protein has the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO. 1.
In some embodiments, exemplary oprF genes have a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. 2. In some embodiments, the oprF gene has the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 2.
In some embodiments, the viable bacterial strains of the invention contain mutations in the oprF gene, e.g., mutations that result in reduced or absent oprF activity. Such mutations may be additions, substitutions or deletions of one or more nucleotides.
In some embodiments, mutation of the oprF gene results in reduced expression of the oprF protein, or expression of a mutated oprF protein that results in reduced activity. In some embodiments, mutation of the oprF gene results in non-expression of the oprF protein or results in expression of an inactive mutant oprF protein. In some embodiments, the mutation is a frame shift mutation that results in mistranslation of the oprF gene.
In some embodiments, the mutation comprises a deletion of the oprF gene, e.g., a complete deletion or a partial deletion of the oprF gene. The oprF gene can be deleted completely from the strain so that the oprF gene is not present in the live strain of the invention. The oprF gene can also be partially deleted, so that only the oprF protein with reduced or no activity is present in the live strain of the invention.
Mutation of the oprF gene can be achieved by various means known in the art. In some embodiments, the mutation is introduced into the live bacterial strain by genetic engineering. In some embodiments, the mutation is not a naturally occurring mutation. For example, mutations such as deletions may be achieved by homologous recombination, e.g., double homologous recombination. In some embodiments, the mutation is performed by targeted mutagenesis, such as via CRISPR, TALEN, or ZFN techniques.
In some embodiments, reduced or absent activity of an OprF protein, reduced or absent expression of an OprF gene, and/or reduced virulence caused by mutation of an OprF gene in a live bacterial strain of the invention.
For example, the virulence of a live bacterial strain of the invention can be reduced by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% or more as compared to a corresponding control strain.
In some embodiments, reduced or absent activity of the OprF protein, reduced or absent expression of the OprF gene, and/or mutation of the OprF gene in the viable bacterial strain of the invention results in increased immunogenicity. Immunogenicity may refer to the ability to elicit an immune response (e.g., an antibody-mediated immune response) in a host.
For example, the immunogenicity of a live bacterial strain of the invention can be increased by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 150%, at least about 200%, at least about 250%, at least about 300% or more as compared to a corresponding control strain.
In some embodiments, a "control strain" may be a parent strain derived from a live bacterial strain of the invention. In some embodiments, a "control strain" may refer to a strain of the same species whose oprF gene or oprF activity is not altered. In some embodiments, a "control strain" may also refer to a strain of the same species that does not comprise an oprF gene mutation as described above.
The live bacterial strain of the invention may be derived from a parent strain, which is a wild-type strain of the same species. In some embodiments, the wild-type strain may be a strain that is not genetically engineered. In some embodiments, the wild-type strain may be a strain whose oprF gene or oprF activity is not genetically engineered. In some embodiments, the wild-type strain may be clinically isolated.
The live bacterial strain of the present invention may be derived from a parent strain that already has low virulence. For example, the parent strain is an attenuated strain. The parent strain may contain other mutations (not within the oprF gene) that may lead to attenuation.
Exemplary pseudomonas aeruginosa strains that can be used as parent strains for the live bacterial strains of the present invention include, but are not limited to, PAO1, PA14, and the like.
In some embodiments, the viable bacterial strains of the present invention are also used as viable expression vectors for expressing a protein of interest. The protein of interest may confer certain properties on the viable bacterial strains of the invention.
In some embodiments, a live bacterial strain of the invention may comprise a coding sequence for a protein of interest, and thereby be capable of expressing the protein of interest.
In some embodiments of the aspects, the protein of interest may be an endogenous protein, i.e., a protein derived from a bacterial species of a live bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the protein of interest may be an exogenous protein, i.e., a protein of a different species than the bacterial species derived from the live bacterial strain.
In some embodiments of the aspects, the coding sequence for the protein of interest is introduced into a live bacterial strain of the invention, for example by a nucleic acid expression construct. In some embodiments, the introduced coding sequence for the protein of interest is integrated into the genome of a live bacterial strain of the invention.
As used herein, an "expression construct" refers to a vector, such as a recombinant vector suitable for expressing a nucleotide sequence of interest in a host cell. "expression" means the production of a functional product. For example, expression of a nucleotide sequence may refer to transcription of the nucleotide sequence, and/or translation of RNA into a precursor or mature protein. The "expression construct" of the invention may be a linear nucleic acid fragment, a circular plasmid, a viral vector, or in some embodiments, may be an RNA (such as mRNA) capable of translation.
In some embodiments of the aspects, the protein of interest may be expressed and displayed on the cell surface of a live bacterial strain of the invention. In some embodiments, the protein of interest may be expressed and secreted by cells of a live bacterial strain of the invention.
Proteins of interest include, but are not limited to, antibodies, antigens, and the like.
In some preferred embodiments of the aspects, the protein of interest is an antigenic protein. Expression or display of the antigenic protein may further increase the immunogenicity of the live bacterial strain of the invention.
In some embodiments of the aspects, the protein of interest is an antigenic protein of a species different from a bacterial species derived from the live bacterial strain. Expression or display of antigenic proteins of other species may confer immunogenicity to the live bacterial strain against the other species.
Exemplary antigenic proteins include, but are not limited to, pcrV, oprI or oprJNM from pseudomonas aeruginosa; adsA, esxA, esxB, pmtA or PmtC from staphylococcus aureus; or PspA from Streptococcus pneumoniae.
In some embodiments, the viable bacterial strains of the present invention are used for preventing and/or treating bacterial infections. In some embodiments, the bacterial infection is an infection caused by a species from the genus pseudomonas, such as pseudomonas aeruginosa. In some particular embodiments, the bacterial infection is an infection caused by a pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 strain.
As used herein, preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection also encompasses preventing and/or treating a disease or clinical sign or symptom caused by a bacterial infection.
In one aspect, the invention provides the use of a live bacterial strain of the invention in the preparation of a composition for the prevention or treatment of a bacterial infection. In some embodiments, the composition is a vaccine.
In one aspect, the invention provides a composition for preventing or treating a bacterial infection, the composition comprising a viable bacterial strain of the invention. In some embodiments, the composition comprises an effective amount of a live bacterial strain of the invention. In some embodiments, the composition is a vaccine.
In one aspect, the invention provides a method of preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a live bacterial strain of the invention or a composition of the invention.
In some embodiments of the above aspects, the bacterial infection is an infection caused by a species from the genus pseudomonas, such as pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In some embodiments of the above aspects, the composition may further comprise an adjuvant. As used herein, "adjuvant" refers to an additional component in a vaccine that enhances an immune response, or an auxiliary molecule added to a vaccine, or an auxiliary molecule produced by the body after separate induction by such additional component, such as, but not limited to, an interferon, interleukin, or growth factor. "adjuvants" as used herein may include aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate, saponins, water-in-oil emulsions, oil-in-water emulsions, water-in-oil-in-water emulsions.
In some embodiments of the above aspects, the composition may further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. As used herein, "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like that are physiologically compatible. Non-limiting examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include water, naCl, physiological saline, lactated ringer's solution, standard sucrose, standard dextrose, binders, fillers, disintegrants, lubricants, coatings, sweeteners, flavoring agents, saline solutions (such as ringer's solution), alcohols, oils, gelatin, carbohydrates (such as lactose), amylose or starch, fatty acid esters, hydroxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and coloring agents.
In some embodiments of the above aspects, the composition is formulated for intramuscular administration, intraperitoneal administration, subcutaneous administration, oral administration, or intranasal administration. In one embodiment, the composition is not for intravenous administration. In some embodiments, the composition is in a lyophilized form, which can be reconstituted prior to use.
As used herein, an "effective amount" refers to an amount of a substance, compound, material, or composition containing a compound (such as a modified live bacterial strain of the invention or a composition of the invention) that is at least sufficient to produce a prophylactic or therapeutic effect upon administration to a subject. Thus, an effective amount is that amount necessary to prevent, cure, ameliorate, delay or partially delay symptoms of a disease or disorder, such as a bacterial infection.
The actual dose of the live strain or composition of the invention to be administered to a subject may be determined according to the following physical and physiological factors: body weight, sex, severity of symptoms, type of disease to be treated, previous or current therapeutic intervention, disease of unknown etiology in the patient, time of administration, route of administration, etc. In any event, the amount of viable strains in the composition and the appropriate dosage for the individual subject will be determined by the medical personnel responsible for administration.
In one aspect, the invention provides a method of attenuating and/or increasing the immunogenicity of a live bacterial strain from a species of the genus pseudomonas, or a method for producing a live bacterial strain with reduced virulence and/or increased immunogenicity from a species of the genus pseudomonas, the method comprising reducing the activity of OprF in the live bacterial strain, and/or reducing the expression of an OprF gene in the live bacterial strain, and/or introducing a mutation into the OprF gene of the live bacterial strain.
In some embodiments, the method comprises reducing expression of an oprF gene of the live bacterial strain.
In some embodiments, the method comprises introducing a mutation into the oprF gene of the live bacterial strain. Such mutations may be additions, substitutions or deletions of one or more nucleotides.
In some embodiments, the mutation comprises a complete deletion or a partial deletion of the oprF gene. In some embodiments, the mutation results in reduced expression of the OprF protein. In some embodiments, the mutation results in the OprF protein not being expressed. In some embodiments, the mutation results in a mutated OprF protein with reduced activity. In some embodiments, the mutation results in an inactive mutant OprF protein.
In some embodiments, the species from the genus pseudomonas is pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In some embodiments, the oprF gene encodes an oprF protein having an amino acid sequence with at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. 1. In some embodiments, the OprF protein has the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO. 1.
In some embodiments, exemplary oprF genes have a nucleotide sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. 2. In some embodiments, the oprF gene has the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 2.
In some embodiments, mutations such as deletions may be achieved by homologous recombination, e.g., double homologous recombination. In some embodiments, the mutation is performed by targeted mutagenesis, such as via CRISPR, TALEN, or ZFN techniques.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises introducing a coding sequence for the protein of interest into the live bacterial strain, thereby enabling the live bacterial strain to express the protein of interest. In some embodiments, the protein of interest may be an endogenous protein or an exogenous protein.
In some embodiments, the coding sequence for the protein of interest is introduced into a live bacterial strain by a nucleic acid expression construct. In some embodiments, the introduced coding sequence for the protein of interest is integrated into the genome of the live bacterial strain.
Proteins of interest include, but are not limited to, antibodies, antigens, and the like.
In some preferred embodiments of the aspects, the protein of interest is an antigenic protein. In some embodiments of the aspects, the protein of interest is an antigenic protein of a species different from a bacterial species derived from the live bacterial strain.
Exemplary antigenic proteins include, but are not limited to, pcrV, oprI or oprJNM from pseudomonas aeruginosa; adsA, esxA, esxB, pmtA or PmtC from staphylococcus aureus; or PspA from Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Examples
A further understanding of the present invention may be obtained by reference to the specific examples illustrated herein which are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It will be apparent that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and such modifications and variations are also within the scope of the invention.
Methods and materials
Construction of strains with knockdown of oprF
The previously developed pCasPA/pACRISPR system was used to construct the marker-free deletion 8 of oprF in PAO 1. Briefly, one-way guide RNA (sgRNA) was designed for a highly efficient gRNA target sequence, followed by protospacer adjacent motif nucleotide sequence NGG (20 nt: ATCTACCTTACCGTCGGTACCCC). The linearized pACRISPR plasmid was ligated with annealed spacer oligomers oprF-spacer-F (GTGGATCTACCACTTCGGTACCCC) and oprF-spacer-R (AAACGGGGTACCGAAGTGGTAGAT) to produce the pACRISPR-sgRNA plasmid. Primers oprF-upstream-F (TGTCCATACCCATGGTCTAGAATGAAGAATTGATGCGGCGT), oprF-upstream-R (CTTGGCTTCAGTTTCATCCGTTAAATCCCC), oprF-downstream-F (CGGATGAAACTGAAGCCAAGTAATCGGCTGAGC) and oprF-downstream-R (GGGAGTATGAAAAGTCTCGAGTTCATCCAGCGCCTGATGC) were used to PCR amplify the 5 '-and 3' -flanking regions of oprF from the chromosomal DNA of the P.aeruginosa PAO1 strain. The individual PCR products were then mixed to generate the deletion pattern of the oprF (repair template) and subcloned into the pACRISPR-sgRNA plasmid to generate plasmid pACRISPR-sgRNA-oprF. Plasmid pACRISPR-sgRNA-oprF was introduced into DH5a and screened on carbenicillin plates. The pCasPA plasmid was transferred into PAO1 electrocompetent cells (PAO 1-pCasPA) and expression of the Cas9 nuclease and lambda-Red system was induced by adding L-arabinose to a final concentration of 2 mg/mL. The pACRISPR-sgRNA-oprF plasmid, equipped with spacer and repair template, was further electroporated into PAO1-pCasPA electrocompetent cells. Cells were allowed to recover in LB at 37℃for 1 to 2 hours and plated onto LB agar plates containing 100. Mu.g/mL tetracycline and 150. Mu.g/mL carbenicillin. The correct deletion of the defective mutant (PAO1ΔoprF) was verified by PCR and sequencing using primers chr-oprF-F (ATCTCACTTGAATAAGCCTCACCC) and chr-oprF-R (AACTGTTGACCCTGAAGGCAG). The plasmids were cured by streaking the culture mutants on LB plates supplemented with 5% (w/v) sucrose.
Animal infection experiment
Each BALB/c mouse (7 week old, male) was immunized intraperitoneally with a single dose of 200 μl of lyophilized bacterial suspension (2×10 7 CFU). Animals were monitored daily for weight loss for 14 days, and serum was sampled on days 14 and 35. On day 35, mice were challenged by intraperitoneal route with 200 μl of lyophilized PAO1 wt strain (1×10 7 CFU) and survival was monitored for 14 days. Serum samples were tested for antibody titration by whole bacterial ELISA (coated PAO wt,1 x 10 7 CFU/well).
Bacterial load detection was performed in a separate experiment. C57BL/6N mice (females) were immunized intraperitoneally on day 0 and day 15, 2X 10 7 CFU per mouse. On day 35, mice were challenged with a sublethal dose (control group n=5, vaccinated group n=5) by intraperitoneal route, 2×10 7 CFU per mouse of PAO1 wt. Tissues were collected 24 hours after challenge and homogenized in sterile PBS. Bacterial load in each organ was determined by serial dilution and plating onto LB agar plates.
EXAMPLE 1 construction and characterization of the ΔoprF Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain
The oprF gene was targeted, no marker deletion was performed, and successful removal of the gene from the PAO 1wt strain was confirmed by PCR (FIG. 1). Growth curves in LB broth showed that the ΔoprF strain showed an extended lag phase and lower growth rate compared to the isogenic wt strain. (FIG. 2).
EXAMPLE 2 characterization of the ΔoprF Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain
1. The ΔoprF strain showed lower virulence
In the BALB/c mouse model, animals immunized with the Δoprf strain had slightly reduced body weight, but were rapidly stable after day 2. Mice immunized with Δoprf strain (2×10 7 CFU) showed 100% survival, whereas mice injected with the same dose of wt strain all died on day 2, indicating that Δoprf strain has lower virulence (fig. 3).
2. The delta oprF strain shows higher immunogenicity
To measure the antibody-mediated immune response, BALB/c mice were immunized with the Δoprf strain and antibody titers were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pao1Δoprf strain showed a significantly increased antibody titer on day 14 compared to the control group (fig. 4).
3. The delta oprF strain shows higher protective effect
Survival studies also showed protection against PAO1 wt. All mice immunized with the Δoprf strain and subsequently challenged with PAO1 wt survived, whereas only 10% survived in the control group (fig. 5). Furthermore, in pao1 Δoprf vaccine vaccinated mice, bacterial loads from different tissues were significantly reduced (fig. 6), indicating protection from the vaccine.
Sequence information
SEQ ID NO.1 oprF_amino_sequence
MKLKNTLGVVIGSLVAASAMNAFAQGQNSVEIEAFGKRYFTDSVRNMKNADLYGGSIGY
FLTDDVELALSYGEYHDVRGTYETGNKKVHGNLTSLDAIYHFGTPGVGLRPYVSAGLAHQ
NITNINSDSQGRQQMTMANIGAGLKYYFTENFFAKASLDGQYGLEKRDNGHQGEWMAGL
GVGFNFGGSKAAPAPEPVADVCSDSDNDGVCDNVDKCPDTPANVTVDANGCPAVAEVVRVQLDVKFDFDKSKVKENSYADIKNLADFMKQYPSTSTTVEGHTDSVGTDAYNQKLSERRANAVRDVLVNEYGVEGGRVNAVGYGESRPVADNATAEGRAINRRVEAEVEAEAK*
SEQ ID NO. 2 OprF coding sequence
ATGAAACTGAAGAACACCTTAGGCGTTGTCATCGGCTCGCTGGTTGCCGCTTCGGCAATGAACGCCTTTGCCCAGGGCCAGAACTCGGTAGAGATCGAAGCCTTCGGCAAGCGCTACTTCACCGACAGCGTTCGCAACATGAAGAACGCGGACCTGTACGGCGGCTCGATCGGTTACTTCCTGACCGACGACGTCGAGCTGGCGCTGTCCTACGGTGAGTACCATGACGTTCGTGGCACCTACGAAACCGGCAACAAGAAGGTCCACGGCAACCTGACCTCCCTGGACGCCATCTACCACTTCGGTACCCCGGGCGTAGGTCTGCGTCCGTACGTGTCGGCTGGTCTGGCTCACCAGAACATCACCAACATCAACAGCGACAGCCAAGGCCGTCAGCAGATGACCATGGCCAACATCGGCGCTGGTCTGAAGTACTACTTCACCGAGAACTTCTTCGCCAAGGCCAGCCTCGACGGCCAGTACGGTCTGGAGAAGCGTGACAACGGTCACCAGGGCGAGTGGATGGCTGGCCTGGGCGTCGGCTTCAACTTCGGTGGTTCGAAAGCCGCTCCGGCTCCGGAACCGGTTGCCGACGTTTGCTCCGACTCCGACAACGACGGCGTTTGCGACAACGTCGACAAGTGCCCGGATACCCCGGCCAACGTCACCGTTGACGCCAACGGCTGCCCGGCTGTCGCCGAAGTCGTACGCGTACAGCTGGACGTGAAGTTCGACTTCGACAAGTCCAAGGTCAAAGAGAACAGCTACGCTGACATCAAGAACCTGGCTGACTTCATGAAGCAGTACCCGTCCACTTCCACCACCGTTGAAGGTCACACCGACTCCGTCGGCACCGACGCTTACAACCAGAAGCTGTCCGAGCGTCGTGCCAACGCCGTTCGTGACGTACTGGTCAACGAGTACGGTGTAGAAGGTGGTCGCGTGAACGCTGTTGGTTACGGCGAGTCCCGCCCGGTTGCCGACAACGCCACCGCTGAAGGCCGCGCTATCAACCGTCGCGTTGAAGCCGAAGTAGAAGCTGAAGCCAAGTAA
Reference to the literature
1.Pang,Z.,Raudonis,R.,Glick,B.R.,Lin,T.-J.&Cheng,Z.Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa:mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies.Biotechnol Adv 37,177–192(2018).
2.Moussouni,M.,Berry,L.,Sipka,T.,Nguyen-Chi,M.&Blanc-Potard,A.-B.Pseudomonas aeruginosa OprF plays a role in resistance to macrophage clearance during acute infection.Sci Rep-uk 11,359(2021).
3.Garai,P.,Berry,L.,Moussouni,M.,Bleves,S.&Blanc-Potard,A.-B.Killing from the inside:Intracellular role of T3SS in the fate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within macrophages revealed by mgtC and oprF mutants.Plos Pathog 15,e1007812(2019).
4.Chevalier,S.et al.Structure,function and regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa porins.Fems Microbiol Rev 41,698–722(2017).
5.Fito-Boncompte,L.et al.Full virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires OprF.Infect Immun79,1176–86(2010).
6.Bouffartigues,E.et al.The absence of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa OprF protein leads to increased biofilm formation through variation in c-di-GMP level.Front Microbiol 6,630(2015).
7.Sainz-Mejías,M.,Jurado-Martín,I.&McClean,S.Understanding Pseudomonas aeruginosa–Host Interactions:The Ongoing Quest for an Efficacious Vaccine.Cells 9,2617(2020).
8.Chen,W.et al.CRISPR/Cas9-based Genome Editing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Cytidine Deaminase-Mediated Base Editing in Pseudomonas Species.Iscience 6,222–231(2018).
The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the invention that others can, by applying knowledge within the skill of the relevant art (including the contents of the documents cited and incorporated by reference herein), readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments, without undue experimentation, without departing from the general concept of the present invention. Accordingly, such adaptations and modifications are intended to be within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments, based on the teaching and guidance presented herein. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation, such that the terminology or phraseology of the present specification is to be interpreted by the skilled artisan in light of the teachings and guidance presented herein, in combination with the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the relevant art.
While various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example, and not limitation. Various changes in form and detail will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.
All references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety and for all purposes to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

Claims (40)

1. A live bacterial strain from a species of pseudomonas, wherein the live bacterial strain lacks or has reduced OprF activity and/or has reduced expression of an OprF gene in the live bacterial strain and/or contains a mutation of the OprF gene, e.g. as compared to a corresponding control strain.
2. The live bacterial strain according to claim 1, wherein the species from the genus pseudomonas is pseudomonas aeruginosa.
3. The live bacterial strain of claim 1 or 2, wherein the activity of OprF in the live bacterial strain is reduced by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80% or at least about 90% or more compared to a corresponding control strain, preferably the live bacterial strain lacks OprF activity.
4. The live bacterial strain of any one of claims 1to 3, wherein the expression of the oprF gene in the live bacterial strain is reduced, e.g., reduced by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% or more, as compared to a corresponding control strain, preferably the live bacterial strain lacks the oprF gene expression.
5. The live bacterial strain of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the oprF gene encodes an oprF protein having an amino acid sequence with at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9% sequence identity to SEQ ID No. 1 or an amino acid sequence with SEQ ID No. 1.
6. The live bacterial strain of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the live bacterial strain contains a mutation of the OprF gene that results in a reduction or lack of OprF activity.
7. The live bacterial strain of claim 6, wherein mutation of the oprF gene results in reduced expression of the oprF protein or results in reduced expression of a mutated oprF protein of activity, preferably mutation of the oprF gene results in non-expression of an oprF protein or results in expression of an inactive mutated oprF protein.
8. The live bacterial strain of claim 6 or 7, wherein the mutation comprises a deletion of the oprF gene, e.g., a complete deletion or a partial deletion of the oprF gene.
9. The live bacterial strain according to any one of claims 6 to 8, the mutation being achieved by homologous recombination or by targeted mutagenesis, such as via CRISPR, TALEN or ZFN techniques.
10. The live bacterial strain of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the live bacterial strain has reduced virulence compared to a corresponding control strain, e.g., the virulence of the live bacterial strain is reduced by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% or more.
11. The live bacterial strain of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the live bacterial strain has increased immunogenicity as compared to a corresponding control strain, e.g., the immunogenicity of the live bacterial strain is increased by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 150%, at least about 200%, at least about 250%, at least about 300% or more.
12. The live bacterial strain according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the live bacterial strain is derived from a parent strain as a clinical isolate.
13. The live bacterial strain according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the live bacterial strain is derived from a parent strain that already has low virulence.
14. The live bacterial strain according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the live bacterial strain is derived from pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 or PA14.
15. The live bacterial strain according to any one of claims 1 to 14 for use as a live expression vector for expressing a protein of interest.
16. The live bacterial strain according to any one of claims 1 to 15, further comprising a coding sequence for a protein of interest and thereby being capable of expressing the protein of interest.
17. The live bacterial strain according to claim 16, wherein the coding sequence for the protein of interest is introduced into the live bacterial strain, for example by means of a nucleic acid expression construct.
18. The live bacterial strain of claim 17, wherein the introduced coding sequence for the protein of interest is integrated into the genome of the live bacterial strain.
19. The live bacterial strain according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the protein of interest is expressed and displayed on the cell surface of the live bacterial strain; or cells of the living bacterial strain expressing and secreting the protein of interest.
20. The live bacterial strain according to any of claims 16 to 19, wherein the protein of interest is selected from antibodies or antigens, preferably the protein of interest is an antigen,
For example, the antigen is selected from: pcrV, oprI or oprJNM from pseudomonas aeruginosa; adsA, esxA, esxB, pmtA or PmtC from staphylococcus aureus (s.aureus); or from Streptococcus pneumoniae (S).
Psumiae) PspA.
21. Use of a live bacterial strain according to any one of claims 1 to 20 in the preparation of a composition, such as a vaccine, for the prevention or treatment of a bacterial infection.
22. Use according to claim 21, wherein the bacterial infection is an infection caused by a species from the genus pseudomonas, such as pseudomonas aeruginosa.
23. A composition, such as a vaccine, for use in the prevention or treatment of a bacterial infection, the composition comprising a live bacterial strain according to any one of claims 1 to 20.
24. The composition of claim 23, wherein the composition further comprises an adjuvant and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
25. Use according to claim 23 or 24, wherein the bacterial infection is an infection caused by a species from the genus pseudomonas, such as pseudomonas aeruginosa.
26. A method for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a live bacterial strain according to any one of claims 1 to 20, or a composition according to claim 24 or 25.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the bacterial infection is an infection caused by a species from the genus pseudomonas, such as pseudomonas aeruginosa.
28. A method for producing a live bacterial strain having reduced virulence and/or increased immunogenicity from a species of pseudomonas, the method comprising reducing OprF activity in the live bacterial strain and/or reducing expression of an OprF gene in the live bacterial strain and/or introducing a mutation into the OprF gene of the live bacterial strain.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein the method comprises reducing expression of an oprF gene of the live bacterial strain.
30. The method of claim 28 or 29, wherein the method comprises introducing a mutation into the oprF gene of the live bacterial strain.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the mutation comprises a complete deletion or a partial deletion of the oprF gene.
32. The method of claim 30 or 31, wherein the mutation results in reduced or no expression of the OprF protein.
33. The method of claim 30 or 31, wherein the mutation results in a mutated OprF protein with reduced or no activity.
34. The method of any one of claims 28 to 33, wherein the species from the genus pseudomonas is pseudomonas aeruginosa.
35. The method of any one of claims 29 to 33, wherein the oprF gene encodes an oprF protein having an amino acid sequence with at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.1%, at least 99.2%, at least 99.3%, at least 99.4%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.6%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9% sequence identity to SEQ ID No.1 or an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID No. 1.
36. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 35, wherein the mutation is achieved by homologous recombination, e.g. double homologous recombination, or by targeted mutagenesis, such as via CRISPR, TALEN or ZFN techniques.
37. The method of any one of claims 28 to 36, wherein the method further comprises introducing a coding sequence for a protein of interest into the live bacterial strain, thereby enabling the live bacterial strain to express the protein of interest.
38. The method of claim 37, wherein the coding sequence for the protein of interest is introduced into the live bacterial strain by a nucleic acid expression construct.
39. The method of claim 37 or 38, wherein the introduced coding sequence for the protein of interest is integrated into the genome of the live bacterial strain.
40. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 39, wherein the protein of interest is selected from antibodies or antigens, preferably antigens,
For example, the antigen is selected from: pcrV, oprI or oprJNM from pseudomonas aeruginosa; adsA, esxA, esxB, pmtA or PmtC from staphylococcus aureus (s.aureus); or from Streptococcus pneumoniae (S).
Psumiae) PspA.
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