CN117939117A - Dynamic resolution detection method of aviation camera with forward image motion compensation function - Google Patents
Dynamic resolution detection method of aviation camera with forward image motion compensation function Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A dynamic resolution detection method of an aviation camera with a forward image motion compensation function. Belongs to the technical field of aviation cameras, and in particular relates to the technical field of dynamic resolution detection of aviation cameras. The method specifically comprises the following steps: s1, inputting the speed V and the altitude H of an airplane to an aviation camera, and starting a forward image motion compensation function; s2, setting the working mode of the CCD detector as TDI, and calculating CCD line frequency; and S3, carrying out a dynamic imaging experiment on the resolution plate by the aerial camera through the collimator, and calculating dynamic resolution according to the image obtained by the aerial camera. The method can be applied to the field of dynamic resolution detection of an aerial camera laboratory.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aviation cameras, and particularly relates to the technical field of dynamic resolution detection of aviation cameras.
Background
An aerial camera is fixed on an aircraft and used for imaging ground scenes, and forward image shift is caused by the flying speed in the flying process, so that imaging quality is degraded. The aerial camera realizes that the camera and the ground scenery are relatively static in exposure through forward image motion compensation in the imaging process. Aerial cameras typically improve imaging quality by maintaining the optical axis pointing toward the target during imaging with a servo mechanism whose control accuracy directly affects dynamic imaging quality. In order to ensure the imaging performance of the camera in flight, the aerial camera must be subjected to a dynamic resolution imaging test before shipment. If routine detection tests are made for dynamic resolution imaging of an aerial camera by a flying mode, the cost will be very high. There are two general methods for dynamic resolution detection of an analog ground object target: firstly, the camera is motionless, and the target moves; the other is that the camera moves and the target is stationary. Whether the object is moving or the camera is moving, the image motion is actively generated to verify the camera forward image motion compensation capability on the ground. The forward image motion compensation and the image motion of the camera are both based on the simulated flight conditions, the speed control precision of the servo mechanism for generating the image motion is difficult to break through 1 per mill, and the dynamic resolution detection effect is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a dynamic resolution detection method of an aviation camera with a forward image motion compensation function, which does not need to physically move the camera or a resolution plate, so that the precision of the relative motion speed between the camera and the resolution plate is better than one ten thousandth, and the problem that the dynamic resolution detection effect is not influenced by the motion precision of a dynamic target generator or a moving camera can be effectively solved.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
S1, inputting the speed V and the altitude H of an airplane to an aviation camera, and starting a forward image motion compensation function;
s2, setting the working mode of the CCD detector as TDI, setting the TDI direction as the flight opposite direction, and calculating the CCD line frequency;
And S3, imaging the resolution plate by the aerial camera through the collimator, and calculating dynamic resolution according to the image obtained by the aerial camera.
Further, the CCD detector line frequency passes:
；
The method comprises the steps of obtaining, wherein F row frequency represents CCD detector row frequency, F1 represents aviation camera focal length, and b represents pixel size of an aviation camera.
Further, the dynamic resolution is determined by:
；
Obtained, wherein R D represents dynamic resolution, f 2 represents collimator focal length, and R GD represents the narrowest bright-dark line width that can be resolved in an image obtained by an aerial camera.
The invention also provides a dynamic imaging performance analysis method of the aerial camera with the forward image motion compensation function, which is used for calculating the dynamic resolution of the aerial camera based on the dynamic resolution detection method, calculating the static resolution of the aerial camera, and evaluating the dynamic imaging performance of the aerial camera by comparing the dynamic resolution and the static resolution of the aerial camera, wherein the closer the dynamic resolution is to the static resolution, the better the dynamic imaging performance is.
Further, the static resolution obtaining method specifically includes: closing the forward image motion compensation function of the aerial camera, setting the working mode of the CCD detector as an area array, imaging the resolution plate through the collimator, calculating the static resolution according to the image obtained by the aerial camera, and passing through:
；
Obtained, wherein R S represents the static resolution, f 1 represents the aerial camera focal length, f 2 represents the collimator focal length, and R GS represents the narrowest bright-dark line width that can be resolved in the image obtained by the aerial camera.
The dynamic resolution detection method has the beneficial effects that:
There are two general methods for dynamic resolution detection of an analog ground object target: firstly, the camera is motionless, and the target moves; the other is that the camera moves and the target is stationary. Whether the object is moving or the camera is moving, the image motion is actively generated to verify the camera forward image motion compensation capability on the ground. The forward image motion compensation and the image motion of the camera are both based on the simulated flight conditions, the speed control precision of the servo mechanism for generating the image motion is difficult to break through 1 per mill, and the dynamic resolution detection effect is influenced.
The method of the invention does not move the camera of the airplane nor the test object, because of not physically moving, the accuracy of dynamic resolution detection can be greatly improved, which is superior to one ten thousandth, in the conventional test, because the purpose of dynamic resolution detection is to test the dynamic imaging performance of the aerial camera with the forward image motion compensation function, the forward image motion compensation function of the camera is required to be started, but if the camera and the test object are not moved, the forward image motion compensation function lacks the compensated object or cannot be tested, so the invention sets the working mode of the CCD detector as TDI, the TDI direction is set as the reverse direction of flight, thereby compensating the forward image motion, and the camera just eliminates the influence of CCD line motion according to the forward image motion compensation of the flight condition, thus the obtained image resolution is the dynamic resolution.
The method provides a new means for dynamic resolution detection in the aviation camera laboratory.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of forward image motion compensation of an aerial camera according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of dynamic resolution detection of an aerial camera according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a resolution plate of type A according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a still photograph of an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a moving photograph of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
Example 1,
The embodiment provides a dynamic resolution detection method of an aviation camera with a forward image motion compensation function, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting the speed V and the altitude H of an airplane to an aviation camera 101, and starting a forward image motion compensation function;
s2, setting the working mode of the CCD detector 102 as TDI, and calculating CCD line frequency;
the CCD detector line frequency passes through:
；
The method comprises the steps of obtaining, wherein F row frequency represents CCD detector row frequency, F1 represents aviation camera focal length, and b represents pixel size of an aviation camera.
S3, the aerial camera 101 performs a dynamic imaging experiment on the resolution plate 105 through the collimator 106, and calculates dynamic resolution according to an image obtained by the aerial camera;
The dynamic resolution is achieved by:
；
Obtained, wherein R D represents dynamic resolution, f 2 represents collimator focal length, and R GD represents the narrowest bright-dark line width that can be resolved in an image obtained by an aerial camera.
EXAMPLE 2,
In this embodiment, for further explanation of embodiment 1, the working principle of the aerial camera with the forward image motion compensation function is as shown in fig. 1, the photographing distance between the aerial camera 101 and the resolution plate 105 is the focal length f 2 of the collimator 106, the CCD detector 102 is mounted on the aerial camera 101, and the reflecting mirror 104 and the scanning reflecting mirror 111 refract the incident light 107 from the resolution plate 105 onto the image plane 103 of the detector 102. In the working principle that the collimator 106 is used for simulating a long-distance scene in aviation, and the resolution plate 105 is used for simulating a target object in aviation, the working principle of the aviation camera with the forward image motion compensation function is described.
As shown in FIG. 2, the dynamic resolution detection principle of the aerial camera is that the aerial camera 101 and the resolution plate 105 are kept still, the forward image motion compensation function is firstly closed, the scanning mirror 111 is kept still, the working mode of the CCD detector 102 is set as an area array, the resolution plate 105 is imaged to obtain a still photographic image of the camera, and the image is analyzed to obtain the still resolution;
The camera still works at the flying speed V and the flying height H, during exposure, the scanning mirror 111 rotates along the forward image motion compensation direction 112 to enable the incident light 107 from the resolution board 105 to move on the image plane 103 of the CCD detector 102 along the flying direction, the working mode of the CCD detector 102 is set to be TDI, the TDI direction 213 is set to be the flying direction, the line frequency F line frequency of the CCD detector 102 is calculated and set, the dynamic photographic image of the camera is obtained by imaging the resolution board 105, and the dynamic resolution is obtained by analyzing the image.
The dynamic resolution detection method of the aviation camera is that when the camera images a static resolution plate, the CCD is made to work in a TDI mode, relative motion exists between the CCD and a static target by utilizing CCD line transfer, CCD line frequency is calculated according to flight conditions, the precision is better than one ten thousandth, the camera performs forward image transfer compensation according to the flight conditions to exactly eliminate the influence of CCD line transfer, and the obtained image resolution is the dynamic resolution.
EXAMPLE 3,
The embodiment provides a dynamic imaging performance analysis method of an aerial camera with a forward image motion compensation function, which is characterized in that the dynamic resolution is obtained according to the method in the embodiment 1, the static resolution of the aerial camera is calculated, the dynamic imaging performance of the aerial camera is evaluated by comparing the dynamic resolution and the static resolution of the aerial camera, and the dynamic imaging performance is better when the dynamic resolution is closer to the static resolution.
The static resolution obtaining method specifically comprises the following steps: closing the forward image motion compensation function of the aerial camera, setting the working mode of the CCD detector as an area array, imaging the resolution plate through the collimator, calculating the static resolution according to the image obtained by the aerial camera, and passing through:
；
Obtained, wherein R S represents the static resolution, f 1 represents the aerial camera focal length, f 2 represents the collimator focal length, and R GS represents the narrowest bright-dark line width that can be resolved in the image obtained by the aerial camera.
EXAMPLE 4,
This example is a further limitation of example 3, and assuming that the pixel size b of the aerial camera is 9 μm, the focal length f 1 is 940mm, the simulated aircraft speed v=350 km/H and the altitude h=6000 m, and the collimator focal length f 2 is 4000mm, an A2 type resolution plate conforming to JB/T9328-1999 regulation is used, as shown in fig. 3.
The specific working procedure is as follows:
Firstly, acquiring the static resolution of the aerial camera 101, inputting the speed V=0 and the altitude H=6000 m of the airplane to the aerial camera 101, closing the forward image motion compensation function, setting the working mode of the CCD detector 102 as an area array, acquiring a static image as shown in fig. 4, and calculating to obtain the static resolution R S which is 53lp/mm, wherein the 13 th group of horizontal and vertical stripes are narrowest and the line width is 40 mu m; then entering a second step;
secondly, acquiring the dynamic resolution of the aerial camera, wherein the method comprises the following specific processes:
Firstly, inputting the speed V=350 km/H and the altitude H=6000 m of an airplane to an aviation camera 101, and starting a forward image motion compensation function;
step two: setting the working mode of the CCD detector 102 as TDI, wherein the TDI direction is the reverse direction of flight, and calculating the CCD line frequency to be 1692Hz;
step three: the acquired dynamic image is shown in fig. 5, the narrowest horizontal and vertical stripes of the 12 th group can be distinguished, the line width is 42.4 mu m, and the dynamic resolution R D is calculated to be 50lp/mm and 94.3% of the static resolution;
If the dynamic resolution under the conditions of different speed and high ratio is required to be detected, the steps are repeated after the speed V, the height H and the line frequency F line frequency are modified.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a take forward to like dynamic resolution detection method of motion compensation function aerial camera, take forward to like motion compensation function aerial camera includes aerial camera (101), CCD detector (102), speculum (104) and scanning speculum (111), incident light (107) are after scanning speculum (111) reflection, get into CCD detector (102) imaging after again through speculum (104), aerial camera (101) and incident light (107) have relative motion, scanning speculum (111) are rotatory along forward to like motion compensation direction (112), then guarantee that incident light (107) all the time get into CCD detector (102), characterized in that, the method specifically is:
S1, inputting the speed V and the altitude H of an airplane to an aviation camera (101), and starting a forward image motion compensation function;
S2, setting the working mode of the CCD detector (102) as TDI, setting the TDI direction as the flight reverse direction, and calculating CCD line frequency;
And S3, imaging the resolution plate (105) by the aerial camera (101) through the collimator (106), and calculating the dynamic resolution according to the image obtained by the aerial camera.
2. The method for detecting dynamic resolution of an aerial camera with forward image motion compensation according to claim 1, wherein the line frequency of the CCD detector is determined by:
；
The method comprises the steps of obtaining, wherein F row frequency represents CCD detector row frequency, F1 represents aviation camera focal length, and b represents pixel size of an aviation camera.
3. The method for detecting dynamic resolution of an aerial camera with forward image motion compensation according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic resolution is obtained by:
; obtained, wherein R D represents dynamic resolution, f 2 represents collimator focal length, and R GD represents the narrowest bright-dark line width that can be resolved in an image obtained by an aerial camera.
4. An aerial camera dynamic imaging performance analysis method with a forward image motion compensation function is characterized in that the method is based on the method in any one of claims 1-3 to calculate the dynamic resolution of the aerial camera, calculate the static resolution of the aerial camera, and evaluate the dynamic imaging performance of the aerial camera by comparing the dynamic resolution of the aerial camera with the static resolution, wherein the closer the dynamic resolution is to the static resolution, the better the dynamic imaging performance is.
5. The method for analyzing dynamic imaging performance of an aerial camera with a forward image motion compensation function according to claim 4, wherein the method for obtaining the static resolution is specifically: closing the forward image motion compensation function of the aerial camera, setting the working mode of the CCD detector as an area array, imaging the resolution plate through the collimator, calculating the static resolution according to the image obtained by the aerial camera, and passing through:
; obtained, wherein R S represents the static resolution, f 1 represents the aerial camera focal length, f 2 represents the collimator focal length, and R GS represents the narrowest bright-dark line width that can be resolved in the image obtained by the aerial camera.
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