CN117936152A - Multi-optical fiber micro-flow control system based on photo-thermal effect - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-optical fiber micro-flow control system based on a photo-thermal effect. The system comprises a laser (1), an optical fiber coupler (2), an optical power control module (3), an optical fiber bundle (4), an optical fiber probe (5) and a photo-thermal conversion material (6). According to the invention, the photothermal effect is applied to the end face of the optical fiber, and bubbles (15) can be generated at the fiber end due to the action of the photothermal conversion material (6), and a local temperature gradient is generated by coupling operating light (9) to different second optical fibers (8), so that an asymmetric temperature field is formed, a thermal capillary effect vortex (18) is generated, and when micro-nano particles (19) exist, a mechanical potential well is formed near the vortex (18), so that the multifunctional operation of the micro-nano particles (19) is realized. The invention can be used for screening, capturing biological cells, nanoclusters, medium particles and the like.
Description
Field of the art
The invention relates to a multi-optical fiber micro-flow control system based on a photo-thermal effect, mainly relates to the technical field of multi-optical fiber micro-flow control, and more particularly relates to a method and a device capable of realizing transportation and capture of bubbles generated on the end face of an optical fiber by micro-nano particles and the like.
(II) background art
In the middle and late 21 st century, the development of light-operated microfluidic technology benefited from the innovative combination of microfluidic and optical technologies. Conventional optical tweezers technology captures and manipulates a target object by precisely controlling the intensity, polarization, and phase of a laser. However, this approach requires a high energy laser source to overcome the viscous forces of the liquid, is limited in scope, and has limitations in micro-nano fluids and in the control of materials in the fluid. In addition, the traditional high-performance laser is complex and expensive, and the requirements of optical elements and optical paths make the device huge and complex, so that the device is difficult to integrate with the existing microfluidic chip system, and the application of the device is greatly limited.
The optical fiber optical tweezers technology is similar to the traditional principle of forming high-intensity optical gradients by laser convergence, and utilizes a high-gradient optical field emitted by an optical fiber port to form an optical trap so as to capture medium particles. Compared with the traditional optical tweezers technology, the optical fiber optical tweezers system can be independent of a microscope observation light path by directly using the optical fiber port to form an optical trap, so that the inconvenience of the traditional optical tweezers in operation is overcome, the flexibility of the capturing process is greatly improved, and convenience is provided for manipulating medium particles in the optical trap. Currently, a single fiber optical tweezers technique of changing the shape of a fiber port and a multi-fiber optical tweezers technique of mutually cooperating have been developed.
In 2004, ikeda et al, optics communications,2004,239 (1), university of Foundation, japan, self-made an optical fiber having a hemispherical lens end face, with the optical potential well formed by the end face being used to spin a self-symmetrical tiny object. Three identical optical fibers are distributed on a plane at 120 degrees, and the arbitrary rotation of an object to be operated is realized by switching optical fiber light sources or adjusting optical fiber output optical power. In the method, three optical fibers must present a specific angle to realize the rotation function, and only a tiny object can be rotated, so that other multifunctional operations cannot be realized. In 2014, university of Zhongshan Li [ SCIENTIFIC REPORTS,2014,4:3989] captured nano silver with a diameter of 600nm by using two optical fibers carrying 980nm wavelength laser, and controlled the interaction of optical fields by adjusting the horizontal relative distance of the optical fibers, the rotation angle of the nano silver was manipulated by using the generated optical torque, and the range of manipulation was very limited because the force generated by the optical torque was very small.
The photo-thermal conversion material is used for converting photo-energy into heat energy and converting the heat energy into kinetic energy through the movement of fluid, and is a common photo-control micro-fluidic technology. This technique is based on the principle of the photo-thermal effect, which excites local temperature changes in the medium, thereby inducing movement and control of the fluid. There are many advantages to using techniques based on the photo-thermal effect compared to other techniques. First, this technique is easy to apply, as it is not limited by the type of material, and is applicable to a variety of media, such as solids, liquids, and gases. In addition, the technology is non-contact, and can ensure the safety in the operation process and the integrity of the target object. By utilizing the optical fiber structure to generate the photo-thermal effect, the highly integrated sensing and control technology can be realized, and powerful support is provided for realizing the functions of a more compact structure and higher integration level. Therefore, the technology has wide application prospect.
Initially, research and application of photothermal effects was primarily dependent on lens coupling. However, the use of a bulky focusing objective and a complex optical system limits the location of action of the photo-thermal effect, reducing the flexibility of operation. The optical fiber is used as a small-size optical waveguide structure, can transmit laser to any position, is very suitable for being applied in precise and narrow environments, and has huge application potential in the fields of precise instrument manufacturing, detection, biomedical treatment, diagnosis and the like.
(III) summary of the invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a multi-optical fiber micro-flow control system based on a photo-thermal effect. Bubbles are generated through the photo-thermal effect of the end face of the optical fiber, and the change of a mechanical potential well can be caused by operating light to be injected into different fiber cores of the optical fiber, so that the aim of operating micro-nano particles can be fulfilled.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way:
The system comprises a laser (1), an optical fiber coupler (2), an optical power control module (3), an optical fiber bundle (4), an optical fiber probe (5) and a photo-thermal conversion material (6); wherein the optical fiber bundle (4) comprises a first optical fiber (7), a second optical fiber (8), a fiber bundle jacket tube (9) and a filling material (10); wherein the first optical fiber (7) comprises a first cladding (701) and a first core (702), and the second optical fiber (8) comprises a second cladding (801) and a second core (802); the light beam output by the laser (1) is shunted through the optical fiber coupler (2), the first fiber core (702) injected into the first optical fiber (7) and the second fiber core (802) in the second optical fiber (8) are controlled by the optical power control module (3), the end surfaces of the first optical fiber (7) and the second optical fiber (8) are coated with the photothermal conversion material (6), the optical fiber bundle (4) is inserted into the optical fiber probe (5) and is flush with the optical fiber bundle sleeve (9) and placed in the sample cell (12) containing the solution (11), on one hand, when the light beam is coupled into the first fiber core (702) in the first optical fiber (7), excitation light (13) is formed, the excitation light (13) is transmitted to the end surface of the optical fiber and acts on the photothermal conversion material (6) to form a first heat source (14), and due to the photothermal conversion performance of the photothermal conversion material (6), bubbles (15) are formed on the end surface of the first optical fiber (7); on the other hand, when the second core (802) of the light beam coupled into the second optical fiber (8) forms the manipulation light (16), the manipulation light (16) is transmitted to the fiber end face and acts on the photo-thermal conversion material (7) to form a second heat source (17); the asymmetric temperature difference formed by the action of the first heat source (14) and the second heat source (17) causes the temperature gradient change of the gas-liquid surface, so that vortex (18) is generated at the opposite side of the position of the second heat source (17) relative to the bubble (15), when micro-nano particles (19) exist around the bubble (15), a mechanical potential well is generated, and at the moment, the micro-nano particles (19) can be captured by the mechanical potential well and move along an annular track under the action of a flow field, so that the three-dimensional rotation of the micro-nano particles (19) is realized; the optical power control module (3) is used for changing the injection of the steering light (16) into the different second fiber cores (802), and the positions of the vortex flows (18) are also different, so that the capturing position and the motion state of the micro-nano particles (19) are controlled. The control can realize the rotation of the micro-nano particles in a three-dimensional space and enable the micro-nano particles (19) to perform circular motion; furthermore, release and re-capture of micro-nano particles (19) can also be achieved by switching the optical power modulation function.
The principle of the photo-thermal bubble on micro-nano particle manipulation of the optical fiber end face in the device is described in detail below.
The gas-liquid surface surrounding a photobubble produces a net force called thermocapillary force due to the change in surface tension, and there are many methods of varying the surface tension in general, and the method of varying the surface tension by local laser heating to produce a temperature gradient, called the thermocapillary effect, in which the thermocapillary force balanced by the viscous force of the fluid is produced by the temperature gradient.
The velocity field between liquids caused by the thermo-capillary effect can be derived from tangential stress balance at the bubble surface as a reference velocity for motion in the liquid:
Where Q 0 is the bubble radius, μ is the viscosity coefficient, and G is the constant temperature gradient. σ T is the rate of change of surface tension with temperature. When there is a temperature gradient at the interface between the liquid and the gas, the surface tension of the interface is affected because the surface tension is low at high temperatures and high at low temperatures, which is opposite to the surface tension gradient. Under the action of the thermocapillary effect, the areas of greater liquid surface tension exert a greater pulling force on the surrounding liquid, which will cause a force in tangential direction with respect to the bubbles, resulting in the formation of a vortex field of the liquid around the bubbles. If two heat sources are present, the temperature field at the surface of the bubble is modified.
When a light beam acts on the photothermal conversion material, the surrounding environment of the bubble gives the heat transfer equation in the fluid
Where ρ is the solution density, C P is the solution heat capacity (W/(mK)), where K is the thermal conductivity (J/(kg K)), T is the temperature (K),Is the temperature gradient (K), Q represents the source term (W/m 3).
The total heat flux in the experiment is mainly formed by two different mechanisms: energy radiation, natural convection, laser formed heat source as follows
Q＝αI0 (3)
Q is the heat source per unit volume, and alpha is the absorption coefficient of the fiber material.
Whereas flow field motion in a system can be given by the generalized continuous momentum equation:
Where ρ is the density of the fluid, μ is the dynamic viscosity coefficient, p is the external pressure, v is the fluid flow rate, and the flow velocity distribution of the liquid around the bubbles can be calculated from the energy variation around the bubbles.
The invention has the advantages that the defects in the prior art are overcome, the photo-thermal effect of the photo-thermal conversion material is utilized, the first fiber core (702) of the photo-thermal conversion material is coupled into the first optical fiber (7) to form the excitation light (13), the first heat source (14) is formed on the end face of the first fiber core (702) due to the photo-thermal conversion performance of the photo-thermal conversion material (6), when the temperature rises and reaches a certain threshold value, the formation of bubbles (15) can be realized, the first fiber core (802) of the photo-thermal conversion material is coupled into the second optical fiber (8) to form the operating light (16), the operating light (16) acts on the photo-thermal conversion material (6) to form the second heat source (17), the asymmetric temperature difference formed by the action of the first heat source (14) and the second heat source (17) causes the temperature gradient change of the gas-liquid surface, the vortex (18) is caused on the opposite side of the position of the second heat source (17) relative to the bubbles (15), when micro-particles (19) exist around the bubbles (15), potential well (19) are caused to be generated, and the potential well (19) is captured by the micro-well mechanics particles at the moment. In the whole process, the micro-nano particles (19) are controlled in a non-contact manner, so that the micro-nano particles (19) can be controlled without damage, and the method is remarkable in that the optical fiber is used, has small volume, high integration level and low manufacturing cost, and is very suitable for being applied to a precise and narrow micro-flow environment; will play an irreplaceable role in applications such as biochemical research, drug delivery, precision manipulation, etc.
(IV) description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a system schematic diagram of a multi-fiber microfluidic manipulation system based on photo-thermal effect, mainly comprising a laser (1), a fiber coupler (2), a light power control module (3), a fiber bundle (4), a fiber probe (5) and a photo-thermal conversion material (6).
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cutting process of the first optical fiber (7) and the second optical fiber (8). In the figure, (203) is a fiber clamping tool, and (204) is a fiber cutter.
Fig. 3 (a) -3 (e) are schematic diagrams of heating a photothermal conversion material solution and coating an optical fiber, which include a container (301), an aqueous solution (302), a photothermal conversion material (6), a photothermal conversion material solution (303), a first optical fiber (7), a sample cell (12), a dropper (304), a flame (305), and a glass rod (306).
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of laser lithography and coating of an optical fiber, comprising a laser (401), a mirror (402), an objective lens (403), a first optical fiber (7), a cuvette (12).
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the flow field variation around the bubble, including the xy flow field schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the different shapes of the core of the second optical fiber (8). The fiber core is in the shape of triangle, square and ring, wherein (801) is the second cladding and (802) is the second fiber core.
Fig. 7 shows a schematic view of the different shapes of the core of the first optical fiber (7). The fiber core is in the shape of triangle, square and ring, wherein (701) is the first cladding layer, and (702) is the first fiber core.
Fig. 8 is a different distribution diagram of the first optical fiber (7) and the second optical fiber (8). And the three-dimensional structure is arranged in a triangle, a pentagon, a curve, a circle and the like. Wherein (701) is a first cladding, (702) is a first core, (801) is a second cladding, (802) is a second core, (9) is a fiber bundle ferrule, and (10) is a filler material.
Fig. 9 shows a system test diagram of a multi-fiber microfluidic manipulation system based on the photo-thermal effect.
(Fifth) detailed description of the invention
The invention is further elucidated below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The preparation and operation process of the multi-optical fiber micro-flow operation system based on the photo-thermal effect can be divided into the following steps:
And step 1, processing the optical fiber. The method comprises the steps of removing a coating layer from a first optical fiber (7) and a second optical fiber (8) by using a wire stripper, wiping the optical fiber with alcohol to remove scraps, fixing the first optical fiber (7) and the second optical fiber (8) by using an optical fiber clamp (203) in sequence, and cutting and flattening the end face of the optical fiber by using an optical fiber cutting knife (204).
Step 2, coating of the photothermal conversion material (6) (this step can be prepared in two ways). As shown in fig. 3, the method for heating the photothermal conversion material solution comprises pouring the photothermal conversion material (6) into a container (301) containing an aqueous solution (302), dissolving the photothermal conversion material (6) through a glass rod (306) to prepare a photothermal conversion material solution (303), putting the end face of the optical fiber into a sample cell (12), dripping the photothermal conversion material solution (303), heating the sample cell (12) through a flame (305), and evaporating the solution to coat the photothermal conversion material (6) on the end face of the optical fiber. The method of laser lithography is to photo-etch the end face of the optical fiber, as shown in fig. 4, the optical fiber is placed in the sample chamber, the photo-thermal conversion material solution is dripped, the light beam emitted by the laser (401) enters the objective lens (403) through the reflector (402), and is focused on the end face of the optical fiber through the objective lens (403), and the photo-thermal conversion material (6) is cured and photo-etched to the end face of the optical fiber at the focal position.
And 3, fixing the first optical fiber (7) and the second optical fiber (8) by using an optical fiber bundle sleeve (11), wherein the second optical fiber (8) is distributed around the first optical fiber (7), and filling the gap by using a filling material (16).
And 4, constructing an experimental environment, preparing a micro-nano particle solution, dripping the solution into a sample cell (12), extending a first optical fiber (7) and a second optical fiber (8) into the sample cell (12), filling the rest gaps around the optical fibers with a filling substance (17), and fixing and controlling the optical fiber bundle (5) by using an optical fiber probe (5).
And 5, controlling the micro-nano particles (19) through the laser (1), the optical power control module (3), the first optical fiber (7) and the second optical fiber (8).
Example 1: as shown in fig. 9, the system comprises a laser (1), an optical fiber coupler (2), an optical power control module (3), an optical fiber bundle (4), an optical fiber probe (5) and a photo-thermal conversion material (6); wherein the optical fiber bundle (4) comprises a first optical fiber (7), a second optical fiber (8), a fiber bundle jacket tube (9) and a filling material (10); wherein the first optical fiber (7) comprises a first cladding (701) and a first core (702), and the second optical fiber (8) comprises a second cladding (801) and a second core (802); referring to the preparation process steps 1-5, the optical fiber with the light-heat conversion material (7) on the end face is prepared, and the micro-nano particle solution is prepared. The light beam output by the laser (1) is split by the optical fiber coupler (2), and the first optical fiber (7) and the second optical fiber 1 (801), the second optical fiber 2 (804), the second optical fiber 3 (805) and the second optical fiber 4 (806) which are injected into the optical fiber bundle (4) are controlled by the optical power control module (3). The end surfaces of the first optical fiber (7) and the second optical fiber 1 (801), the second optical fiber 2 (804), the second optical fiber 3 (805) and the second optical fiber 4 (806) are coated with a photothermal conversion material (6). The bundle (4) is inserted into the fiber probe (5) and flush with the bundle ferrule (9) and the void is filled with a filling substance (10) and placed in a sample cell (12) containing a solution (11).
On the one hand, excitation light (13) is formed when a light beam is coupled into a first fiber core (702) in a first optical fiber (7) through an optical power control module (3), the excitation light (13) is transmitted to the end face of the optical fiber and acts on a light-heat conversion material (6) to form a first heat source (14), and bubbles (15) are formed on the end face of the first optical fiber (7) due to the light-heat conversion performance of the light-heat conversion material (6).
On the other hand, coupling the light beam into the second optical fiber 1 (801) through the optical power control module (3) to form the manipulation light (16), transmitting the manipulation light (16) to the fiber end face and acting on the photo-thermal conversion material (7) to form a second heat source (17); the asymmetric temperature difference formed by the action of the first heat source (14) and the second heat source (17) causes the temperature gradient change of the gas-liquid surface, and further causes the generation of a first vortex (1801) at the opposite side of the position of the second heat source (17) relative to the bubble (15), when micro-nano particles (19) exist around the bubble (15), the generation of a mechanical potential well is caused, and at the moment, the micro-nano particles (19) are captured by the mechanical potential well.
The light beam coupled into the second optical fiber 1 (801) is turned off by the optical power control module (3). The beam is then coupled into a second optical fiber 2 (804) by an optical power control module (3) to form steering light (16). At this time, the position of the second heat source (17) is moved to the end face of the second optical fiber 2 (801), thereby causing the generation of the second vortex (1802) on the opposite side of the position of the second heat source (17) with respect to the bubble (15). The position of the vortex is changed from the original first vortex (1801) position to the second vortex (1802). During this process, the micro-nano particles (19) will be trapped near the second vortex (1802).
The light beam coupled into the second optical fiber 2 (804) is turned off by the optical power control module (3). The beam is then coupled into a second optical fiber 3 (805) by an optical power control module 3, forming steering light 16. This will cause the position of the second heat source (17) to move to the end face of the second optical fiber 3 (805), thereby causing the generation of a third vortex (1803) on the opposite side of the position of the second heat source (17) with respect to the bubble (15). The position of the vortex is changed from the original second vortex (1802) to a third vortex (1803). During this process, the micro-nano particles (19) will be trapped near the third vortex (1803).
The light beam coupled into the second optical fiber 3 (805) is turned off by the optical power control module (3). The beam is then coupled into a second optical fiber 4 (806) by an optical power control module (3) to form steering light (16). This will cause the position of the second heat source (17) to move to the end face of the second optical fiber 4 (806), thereby causing the generation of a third vortex (1804) on the opposite side of the position of the second heat source (17) with respect to the bubble (15). The position of the vortex is changed from the original third vortex (1803) to a fourth vortex (1804). During this process, the micro-nano particles (19) will be trapped near the fourth vortex (1804).
Claims (6)
1. A multi-optical fiber micro-flow control system based on photo-thermal effect is characterized in that: the system comprises a laser (1), an optical fiber coupler (2), an optical power control module (3), an optical fiber bundle (4), an optical fiber probe (5) and a photo-thermal conversion material (6); wherein the optical fiber bundle (4) comprises a first optical fiber (7), a second optical fiber (8), a fiber bundle jacket tube (9) and a filling material (10); wherein the first optical fiber (7) comprises a first cladding (701) and a first core (702), and the second optical fiber (8) comprises a second cladding (801) and a second core (802); the light beam output by the laser (1) is shunted through the optical fiber coupler (2), the first fiber core (702) injected into the first optical fiber (7) and the second fiber core (802) in the second optical fiber (8) are controlled by the optical power control module (3), the end surfaces of the first optical fiber (7) and the second optical fiber (8) are coated with the photothermal conversion material (6), the optical fiber bundle (4) is inserted into the optical fiber probe (5) and is flush with the optical fiber bundle sleeve (9) and placed in the sample cell (12) containing the solution (11), on one hand, when the light beam is coupled into the first fiber core (702) in the first optical fiber (7), excitation light (13) is formed, the excitation light (13) is transmitted to the end surface of the optical fiber and acts on the photothermal conversion material (6) to form a first heat source (14), and due to the photothermal conversion performance of the photothermal conversion material (6), bubbles (15) are formed on the end surface of the first optical fiber (7); on the other hand, when the second core (802) of the light beam coupled into the second optical fiber (8) forms the manipulation light (16), the manipulation light (16) is transmitted to the fiber end face and acts on the photo-thermal conversion material (7) to form a second heat source (17); the asymmetric temperature difference formed by the action of the first heat source (14) and the second heat source (17) causes the temperature gradient change of the gas-liquid surface, so that vortex (18) is generated at the opposite side of the position of the second heat source (17) relative to the bubble (15), when micro-nano particles (19) exist around the bubble (15), a mechanical potential well is generated, at the moment, the micro-nano particles (19) are captured by the mechanical potential well along the flow field direction (20), and move along an annular track under the action of the flow field, so that the three-dimensional rotation of the micro-nano particles (19) is realized; the optical power control module (3) is used for changing the injection of the steering light (16) into the different second fiber cores (802), and the positions of the vortex flows (18) are also different, so that the capturing position and the motion state of the micro-nano particles (19) are controlled. The control can realize the rotation of the micro-nano particles (19) in a three-dimensional space and enable the micro-nano particles (19) to perform circular motion; furthermore, release and re-capture of micro-nano particles (19) can also be achieved by switching the optical power modulation function.
2. The optical-thermal effect-based multi-fiber microfluidic manipulation system of claim 1, wherein: the first core (702) is circular, triangular, quadrilateral, annular, elliptical, or other polygonal in shape.
3. The optical-thermal effect-based multi-fiber microfluidic manipulation system of claim 1, wherein: the shape of the second core (802) is circular, triangular, quadrilateral, annular, elliptical or other polygonal.
4. The optical-thermal effect-based multi-fiber microfluidic manipulation system of claim 1, wherein: the first optical fiber (7) and the second optical fiber (8) are arranged in an array mode in a curve, a triangle, a rectangle or other polygons.
5. The optical-thermal effect-based multi-fiber microfluidic manipulation system of claim 1, wherein: the photo-thermal conversion material (6) is a photoetching material, a metal-medium composite material or other materials with photo-thermal conversion performance.
6. The optical-thermal effect-based multi-fiber microfluidic manipulation system of claim 1, wherein: the light-heat conversion material (6) is a covering fiber core area or a covering fiber end area.
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