CN117925999A - Nonferrous metal ore extraction and separation method - Google Patents
Nonferrous metal ore extraction and separation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117925999A CN117925999A CN202410086818.3A CN202410086818A CN117925999A CN 117925999 A CN117925999 A CN 117925999A CN 202410086818 A CN202410086818 A CN 202410086818A CN 117925999 A CN117925999 A CN 117925999A
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001180 sulfating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000184 acid digestion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 11
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of nonferrous metal processing and production, and discloses a nonferrous metal ore extraction and separation method, which comprises the following steps: s1, crushing raw ores: using a jaw crusher to perform preliminary crushing on raw ores, so that nonferrous metal ores are crushed to uniform particle sizes; s2, efficient screening: placing the crushed ore into a screening device, and screening the ore to a certain particle size through the screening device; s3, roasting pretreatment: and (3) oxidizing roasting or salifying roasting is carried out on uranium ores, so that the leaching performance of uranium is improved, organic matters are removed, and the filtering sedimentation performance is improved. According to the invention, the specific metals are firstly extracted by a specific technology, so that the interference of the specific metals to the extraction process of other metals is reduced, the extraction efficiency and purity of the platinum group elements such as rhodium, palladium and the like contained in the nonferrous metal ore are improved, the condition that the interference occurs when the other elements contained in the nonferrous metal ore are extracted, and the extraction efficiency and effect are influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nonferrous metal processing and production, in particular to a nonferrous metal ore extraction and separation method.
Background
In recent years, the development speed in the fields of automobile exhaust treatment, petroleum, chemical industry, medicine and the like is higher, the demand for palladium catalysts is higher, the palladium catalysts become the main power for increasing the demand of the palladium catalysts, the palladium catalysts are a catalyst which is prepared by taking metal palladium as a main active component, using palladium black or palladium salts to load palladium on carriers such as alumina, zeolite and the like and taking sodium, cadmium, lead and the like as cocatalysts, and the catalyst has the advantages of high catalytic activity, strong selectivity, convenient catalyst preparation, small using amount, wide application field, repeated regeneration and activation use, long service life, recycling and reutilization of the metal palladium of the waste catalyst and the like.
In the process of producing and processing the palladium catalyst, the palladium catalyst needs to be extracted from nonferrous metal ores, platinum group elements such as rhodium, palladium and the like contained in the nonferrous metal ores are subjected to a separation process, and the extracted metal palladium is refined, so that the quality requirement of the palladium catalyst in industrial production is met.
Whereas, considering that nonferrous metal ores generally contain various elements including metals other than platinum group elements, this complicates separation and purification because other metal elements may form alloys or complexes with platinum group elements, interfere during extraction, affecting the efficiency and effect of separation of platinum group elements such as rhodium, palladium, etc.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects, the invention provides a nonferrous metal ore extraction and separation method, which aims to solve the problems that nonferrous metal ores generally contain multiple elements in the prior art, so that separation and purification become complex, and different elements interfere in the extraction process to influence the separation efficiency and effect of platinum group elements such as rhodium, palladium and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the nonferrous metal ore extraction and separation method comprises the following steps:
S1, crushing raw ores: using a jaw crusher to perform preliminary crushing on raw ores, so that nonferrous metal ores are crushed to uniform particle sizes;
S2, efficient screening: placing the crushed ore into a screening device, and screening the ore to a certain particle size through the screening device;
S3, roasting pretreatment: oxidizing roasting or salifying roasting is carried out on uranium ores, so that the leaching performance of uranium is improved, organic matters are removed, and the filtering sedimentation performance is improved;
s4, activating treatment: placing non-uranium ores into an activation reactor for activation;
s5, wet grinding and particle modification: wet grinding and particle modification are carried out on the activated particle ore and the roasted uranium ore;
s6, chemical acid dissolution: mixing ore with concentrated sulfuric acid and an auxiliary agent according to a certain proportion, and carrying out chemical acid dissolution in a reaction kettle;
S7, pre-extracting rubidium, cesium, tantalum and niobium: extracting rubidium, cesium, tantalum and niobium from the solution using ion exchange or solvent extraction techniques;
S8, extracting uranium: uranium extraction is a critical industrial process aimed at efficiently extracting uranium from uranium ores;
S9, enrichment of platinum group metals: platinum group metal enrichment is a critical industrial process aimed at extracting and separating platinum group elements, including platinum, palladium, rhodium, from minerals;
s10, filtering and washing: filtering and washing are carried out, so that the subsequent process is convenient to carry out;
S11, extracting rhodium-palladium concentrate: extracting rhodium-palladium concentrate from the washed filter cake, and further purifying;
S12, waste liquid treatment and recovery: the filtrate and wash are treated using efficient metal recovery techniques to recover valuable metals.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
The step s3 includes:
S301, adjusting the roasting temperature: the temperature of the furnace needs to be adjusted according to the nature of the uranium ore and the parameters for which improvement is desired, the firing temperature typically ranging from 500 ℃ to 800 ℃;
s302, adjusting roasting time: the appropriate roasting time is determined according to the target of roasting and the type of ore.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
Step s6 includes:
s601, mixing ratio: the mixing ratio of the ore with the concentrated sulfuric acid and the auxiliary agent is generally determined according to the components of the ore and the kind of metal to be extracted;
S602, selecting a complexing agent or an ion exchanger: depending on the target metal, a suitable complexing agent or ion exchanger is selected to increase the extraction efficiency of the particular metal.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
step s8 includes:
S801, leaching: leaching uranium by using sulfuric acid or alkaline solution;
S802, extracting uranium: uranium is extracted by stirring leaching, infiltration leaching or heap leaching.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
step s8 includes:
S803, promoting leaching of uranium: the use of oxidants including pyrolusite, sodium chlorate or KMnO4 facilitates the leaching of uranium.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
step s9 includes:
S901, soaking and boiling with concentrated sulfuric acid and sulfating and roasting: leaching or sulfating roasting the platinum group metal concentrate with concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature below 200deg.C;
s902, controlling temperature and time: controlling the sulfuric acid digestion temperature and the digestion time, wherein the digestion temperature is 150-190 ℃ and the digestion time is 1-4 hours.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
step s9 includes:
s903, platinum group metal separation: leaching with dilute sulfuric acid to separate platinum group metals from base metals;
S904, optimizing the separation efficiency of platinum group metals: a specific concentration of dilute sulfuric acid is used, with a concentration of 5% -20% to optimize the separation efficiency of the platinum group metal from the base metal.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
step s10 includes:
S1001. the mixture is filtered: filtering the leached mixture: the high-efficiency filtering material is used, so that metal loss is reduced;
S1002, washing a filter cake: the pH and temperature of the washing liquid are optimized to improve the washing effect.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
step s11 includes:
s1101. extracting and leaching: leaching the washed filter cake with a specific solvent comprising an acidic solution of a specific chemical reagent to dissolve rhodium and palladium;
S1102, refining and purifying: rhodium and palladium are separated from the solution by chemical precipitation and then filtered to obtain a coarse concentrate, and rhodium and palladium are further purified under specific conditions by an electrolytic process to improve the purity thereof.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
Step s12 includes:
s1201, metal recovery: recovering residual metal from the waste liquid by using ion exchange resin or specific adsorbent, inducing precipitation of specific metal by adding chemical reagent, and recovering metal by filtration or centrifugal separation;
S1202, waste liquid treatment: the pH value of the waste liquid is adjusted to be neutral so as to reduce environmental impact, harmful substances are removed by a physical or chemical method, and special chemical technology is used for removing heavy metals and toxic substances in the waste liquid.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. According to the invention, the specific metals are firstly extracted by a specific technology, so that the interference of the specific metals to the extraction process of other metals is reduced, the extraction efficiency and purity of the platinum group elements such as rhodium, palladium and the like contained in the nonferrous metal ore are improved, the condition that the interference occurs when the other elements contained in the nonferrous metal ore are extracted, and the extraction efficiency and effect are influenced.
2. In the present invention, by paying particular attention to the mixing ratio of ore with concentrated sulfuric acid and auxiliary agent and the selection of complexing agent or ion exchanger in the course of chemical acid dissolution, this helps to improve the extraction efficiency of specific metals such as copper, nickel, platinum group metals and gold.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a nonferrous metal ore extraction and separation method provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of s3 in the extraction and separation method of nonferrous metal ores provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the s6 flow in the extraction and separation method of nonferrous metal ores;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of s7 in the extraction and separation method of nonferrous metal ores provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of s9 in the method for extracting and separating nonferrous metal ores;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of s10 in the method for extracting and separating nonferrous metal ores provided by the invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of s11 in the non-ferrous metal ore extraction and separation method provided by the invention;
fig. 8 is a s12 flow chart in the nonferrous metal ore extraction and separation method provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-8, one embodiment provided by the present invention is: the nonferrous metal ore extraction and separation method comprises the following steps:
S1, crushing raw ores: the jaw crusher is used for primarily crushing raw ores, so that nonferrous metal ores are crushed to uniform particle sizes, and the nonferrous metal ores are more efficiently and uniformly treated in the subsequent processing;
s2, efficient screening: placing crushed ores into a screening device, screening the ores to a certain particle size by the screening device, and adopting a multi-layer screen to separate ores with different particle sizes, so as to prevent oversized or undersized nonferrous metal ore particles from entering a subsequent flow;
S3, roasting pretreatment: oxidizing roasting or salifying roasting is carried out on uranium ores, so that the leaching performance of uranium is improved, organic matters are removed, and the filtering sedimentation performance is improved;
S301, adjusting the roasting temperature: the temperature of the furnace needs to be adjusted according to the properties of uranium ores and parameters to be improved, the roasting temperature is usually in the range of 500-800 ℃, the accurate control of the temperature is important, because too low a temperature cannot completely oxidize uranium or remove organics, and too high a temperature leads to ore sintering, thereby reducing the efficiency of subsequent steps;
S302, adjusting roasting time: determining proper roasting time according to the roasting target and the type of the ore, wherein the control of the roasting time is very important for completely oxidizing uranium, removing organic matters and keeping the ideal physical state of the ore, and the too short roasting time can affect the oxidation of uranium and the removal of the organic matters, and the too long roasting time leads to unnecessary energy consumption and excessive sintering of the ore;
S4, activating treatment: the non-uranium ores are put into an activation reactor for activation, and specific metal elements in the non-uranium ores are specially aimed at, so that interference with platinum group metals is reduced, and the subsequent extraction and separation effects of the platinum group metals are improved;
S5, wet grinding and particle modification: wet grinding and particle modification are carried out on activated particle ores and roasted uranium ores, and the grinding degree is precisely controlled so as to ensure the integrity of platinum group metals;
s6, chemical acid dissolution: mixing ore with concentrated sulfuric acid and an auxiliary agent according to a certain proportion, and carrying out chemical acid dissolution in a reaction kettle;
S601, mixing ratio: the mixing ratio of the ore to the concentrated sulfuric acid and the auxiliary agent is generally determined according to the components of the ore and the metal types required to be extracted, and the experimental tests prove that:
| Metal species | Ore to concentrated sulfuric acid ratio | Auxiliary type | Auxiliary ratio | Remarks |
| Copper (Cu) | 1:0.5 To 1:2 | Oxalic acid, citric acid | 0.1 To 1% | Is suitable for sulphide ores and oxide ores |
| Nickel (Ni) | 1:1 To 1:2 | Oxalic acid, citric acid | 0.1 To 0.5% | Is suitable for sulphide ores |
| Platinum group metals | 1:1 To 1:3 | Ammonium salt (ammonium chloride) | 5% To 10% | Adjustment according to ore type and content |
| Gold alloy | 1:0.5 To 1:1.5 | Sodium thiosulfate | 0.05 To 0.1% | For flotation and leaching of gold ores |
| Zinc alloy | 1:1 To 1:2 | Ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate | 1% To 2% | Is used for zinc ore wet smelting and improves metal extraction efficiency |
S602, selecting a complexing agent or an ion exchanger: according to target metals, selecting proper complexing agents or ion exchangers to improve the extraction efficiency of specific metals, wherein for copper and nickel metals, common complexing agents comprise oxalic acid and citric acid;
S7, pre-extracting rubidium, cesium, tantalum and niobium: extracting rubidium, cesium, tantalum and niobium from the solution using ion exchange or solvent extraction techniques;
S8, extracting uranium: uranium extraction is a critical industrial process aimed at efficiently extracting uranium from uranium ores;
S801, leaching: leaching uranium by using sulfuric acid or alkaline solution, and optimizing the pH value and the temperature of the solution to improve the leaching efficiency of uranium;
S802, extracting uranium: uranium is extracted by adopting a stirring leaching method, a percolation leaching method or a heap leaching method, and meanwhile, the oxidation-reduction condition in the leaching process is controlled, so that the influence on platinum group elements is reduced;
S803, promoting leaching of uranium: the use of oxidants including pyrolusite, sodium chlorate or KMnO4 to facilitate the leaching of uranium, taking care to select an oxidant suitable for uranium leaching to reduce the impact on the platinum group elements;
S9, enrichment of platinum group metals: platinum group metal enrichment is a critical industrial process aimed at extracting and separating platinum group elements, including platinum, palladium, rhodium, from minerals;
S901, soaking and boiling with concentrated sulfuric acid and sulfating and roasting: leaching or sulfating roasting the platinum group metal concentrate with concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature below 200deg.C;
s902, controlling temperature and time: controlling a sulfuric acid digestion temperature and a time, wherein the digestion temperature is 150-190 ℃ and the digestion time is 1-4 hours, so that the structure of platinum group elements is prevented from being damaged;
s903, platinum group metal separation: leaching with dilute sulfuric acid to separate platinum group metals from base metals;
S904, optimizing the separation efficiency of platinum group metals: the use of dilute sulfuric acid at a specific concentration of 5% -20% to optimize the separation efficiency of the platinum group metal from the base metal, adjusting the concentration of dilute sulfuric acid, the separation efficiency of the platinum group metal from the base metal may be optimized, as exemplified: the higher concentration of dilute sulfuric acid is more suitable for extracting platinum group metals, while the lower concentration of dilute sulfuric acid helps to reduce the leaching of base metals;
s10, filtering and washing: filtering and washing are carried out, so that the subsequent process is convenient to carry out;
S1001. the mixture is filtered: filtering the leached mixture: the high-efficiency filtering material is used, so that metal loss is reduced;
s1002, washing a filter cake: optimizing the pH and temperature of the washing liquid to improve the washing effect;
S11, extracting rhodium-palladium concentrate: extracting rhodium-palladium concentrate from the washed filter cake, and further purifying;
s1101. extracting and leaching: leaching the washed filter cake with a specific solvent comprising an acidic solution of a specific chemical reagent to dissolve rhodium and palladium;
S1102, refining and purifying: rhodium and palladium are separated from the solution by a chemical precipitation method, then the solution is filtered to obtain rough concentrate, and rhodium and palladium are further purified under specific conditions by utilizing an electrolysis process, so that the purity of the rhodium and palladium is improved;
s12, waste liquid treatment and recovery: the filtrate and the washing liquid are treated by using an efficient metal recovery technology, valuable metals are recovered, the waste liquid is ensured to meet the environmental protection requirement, and the efficient metal recovery technology comprises the following steps: selective adsorption and ion exchange;
s1201, metal recovery: recovering residual metal from the waste liquid by using ion exchange resin or specific adsorbent, inducing precipitation of specific metal by adding chemical reagent, and recovering metal by filtration or centrifugal separation;
S1202, waste liquid treatment: the pH of the waste liquid is adjusted to neutral to reduce environmental impact by physical or chemical means including flocculation, filtration, removal of harmful substances, and use of special chemical techniques including reverse osmosis, adsorption, removal of heavy metals and toxic substances in the waste liquid.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements or changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A nonferrous metal ore extraction and separation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
S1, crushing raw ores: using a jaw crusher to perform preliminary crushing on raw ores, so that nonferrous metal ores are crushed to uniform particle sizes;
S2, efficient screening: placing the crushed ore into a screening device, and screening the ore to a certain particle size through the screening device;
S3, roasting pretreatment: oxidizing roasting or salifying roasting is carried out on uranium ores, so that the leaching performance of uranium is improved, organic matters are removed, and the filtering sedimentation performance is improved;
s4, activating treatment: placing non-uranium ores into an activation reactor for activation;
s5, wet grinding and particle modification: wet grinding and particle modification are carried out on the activated particle ore and the roasted uranium ore;
s6, chemical acid dissolution: mixing ore with concentrated sulfuric acid and an auxiliary agent according to a certain proportion, and carrying out chemical acid dissolution in a reaction kettle;
S7, pre-extracting rubidium, cesium, tantalum and niobium: extracting rubidium, cesium, tantalum and niobium from the solution using ion exchange or solvent extraction techniques;
S8, extracting uranium: uranium extraction is a critical industrial process aimed at efficiently extracting uranium from uranium ores;
S9, enrichment of platinum group metals: platinum group metal enrichment is a critical industrial process aimed at extracting and separating platinum group elements, including platinum, palladium, rhodium, from minerals;
s10, filtering and washing: filtering and washing are carried out, so that the subsequent process is convenient to carry out;
S11, extracting rhodium-palladium concentrate: extracting rhodium-palladium concentrate from the washed filter cake, and further purifying;
S12, waste liquid treatment and recovery: the filtrate and wash are treated using efficient metal recovery techniques to recover valuable metals.
2. The method for extracting and separating nonferrous metal ores according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step s3 includes:
S301, adjusting the roasting temperature: the temperature of the furnace needs to be adjusted according to the nature of the uranium ore and the parameters for which improvement is desired, the firing temperature typically ranging from 500 ℃ to 800 ℃;
s302, adjusting roasting time: the appropriate roasting time is determined according to the target of roasting and the type of ore.
3. The method for extracting and separating nonferrous metal ores according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step s6 includes:
s601, mixing ratio: the mixing ratio of the ore with the concentrated sulfuric acid and the auxiliary agent is generally determined according to the components of the ore and the kind of metal to be extracted;
S602, selecting a complexing agent or an ion exchanger: depending on the target metal, a suitable complexing agent or ion exchanger is selected to increase the extraction efficiency of the particular metal.
4. The method for extracting and separating nonferrous metal ores according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step s8 includes:
S801, leaching: leaching uranium by using sulfuric acid or alkaline solution;
S802, extracting uranium: uranium is extracted by stirring leaching, infiltration leaching or heap leaching.
5. The method for extracting and separating nonferrous metal ores according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step s8 includes:
S803, promoting leaching of uranium: the use of oxidants including pyrolusite, sodium chlorate or KMnO4 facilitates the leaching of uranium.
6. The method for extracting and separating nonferrous metal ores according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step s9 includes:
S901, soaking and boiling with concentrated sulfuric acid and sulfating and roasting: leaching or sulfating roasting the platinum group metal concentrate with concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature below 200deg.C;
s902, controlling temperature and time: controlling the sulfuric acid digestion temperature and the digestion time, wherein the digestion temperature is 150-190 ℃ and the digestion time is 1-4 hours.
7. The method for extracting and separating nonferrous metal ores according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step s9 includes:
s903, platinum group metal separation: leaching with dilute sulfuric acid to separate platinum group metals from base metals;
S904, optimizing the separation efficiency of platinum group metals: a specific concentration of dilute sulfuric acid is used, with a concentration of 5% -20% to optimize the separation efficiency of the platinum group metal from the base metal.
8. The method for extracting and separating nonferrous metal ores according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step s10 includes:
S1001. the mixture is filtered: filtering the leached mixture: the high-efficiency filtering material is used, so that metal loss is reduced;
S1002, washing a filter cake: the pH and temperature of the washing liquid are optimized to improve the washing effect.
9. The method for extracting and separating nonferrous metal ores according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step s11 includes:
s1101. extracting and leaching: leaching the washed filter cake with a specific solvent comprising an acidic solution of a specific chemical reagent to dissolve rhodium and palladium;
S1102, refining and purifying: rhodium and palladium are separated from the solution by chemical precipitation and then filtered to obtain a coarse concentrate, and rhodium and palladium are further purified under specific conditions by an electrolytic process to improve the purity thereof.
10. The method for extracting and separating nonferrous metal ores according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step s12 includes:
s1201, metal recovery: recovering residual metal from the waste liquid by using ion exchange resin or specific adsorbent, inducing precipitation of specific metal by adding chemical reagent, and recovering metal by filtration or centrifugal separation;
S1202, waste liquid treatment: the pH value of the waste liquid is adjusted to be neutral so as to reduce environmental impact, harmful substances are removed by a physical or chemical method, and special chemical technology is used for removing heavy metals and toxic substances in the waste liquid.
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