CN114134336A - Low-cost reducing agent for selective precipitation of noble metal ions - Google Patents

Low-cost reducing agent for selective precipitation of noble metal ions Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114134336A
CN114134336A CN202111472217.9A CN202111472217A CN114134336A CN 114134336 A CN114134336 A CN 114134336A CN 202111472217 A CN202111472217 A CN 202111472217A CN 114134336 A CN114134336 A CN 114134336A
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gold
noble metal
palladium
platinum
ions
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俞嘉梅
郭嘉琪
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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Priority to CN202111472217.9A priority Critical patent/CN114134336A/en
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Priority to PCT/CN2022/080535 priority patent/WO2023097923A1/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/04Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/44Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

A reducing agent for selective precipitation of low-cost noble metal ions belongs to the technical field of waste resource recovery. The invention selectively reduces and precipitates the noble metal (gold, platinum and palladium) ions in the solution containing the noble metal (gold, platinum and palladium) by a simple, effective and low-cost reducing agent to obtain the simple substance of the noble metal (gold, platinum and palladium). Based on the characteristic that the oxidation-reduction potential of noble metals (gold, platinum and palladium) is higher than that of common metals, the basic principle of oxidation-reduction reaction is utilized, the ions of the noble metals (gold, platinum and palladium) in the waste liquid are selectively reduced into simple substances by using an organic reducing agent, and then the simple substances are separated out by filtering, so that the recovery and the utilization are realized, the method is simple, and the process flow for recovering the noble metals (gold, platinum and palladium) is shortened. The used reducing agent is convenient and easy to obtain, has low price, reduces the application cost and is easy to realize large-scale production.

Description

Low-cost reducing agent for selective precipitation of noble metal ions
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste resource recovery, and relates to a novel reducing agent for selective precipitation of noble metal (gold, platinum and palladium) ions in water.
Background
Gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and palladium (Pd), which are noble metals having excellent physical and chemical properties, are essential for many high-tech industries because they can be used as raw materials for catalysts, electronic products, fuel cells, and medicines, which are also well-known high-grade ornaments having extremely high economic value. However, the abundance of noble metals (gold, platinum, palladium) on earth is extremely low, and its rarity and high price greatly limit its further commercial development and application in various fields. On the one hand, the demand for noble metals has increased dramatically in recent years, far exceeding the supply. On the other hand, the waste containing precious metals is not sufficiently efficiently treated due to the limitations of the recovery technique, resulting in a large amount of precious metals being retained in the waste. Researchers are also looking for new alternatives to address the current dilemma, however, finding alternatives to precious metals would be a lengthy process and their actual performance needs to be examined in practice. Therefore, there is an urgent need to search for more efficient techniques for recovering precious metals from secondary resources to solve the current problems.
Solids (electronic and jewelry waste, spent catalysts and dental materials, anode mud, slag, fly ash, etc.), liquids (leachate, waste process fluid, industrial waste water, etc.) or slurries (sewage sludge, mine tailings, etc.) are potential sources of secondary precious metal resources. Two important liquid sources of precious metal ions are metal leach liquors and waste process liquors, which are aqueous solutions containing large amounts of precious metal ions. For leaching of precious metals from solids, reagents such as hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric acid-chloride, aqua regia and thiosulfuric acid have been used, such as for extracting precious metals from copper anode sludge, waste light emitting diodes and waste printed circuit boards. The concentration of noble metal ions in the metal leach solution is typically 2 to 1000 mg/l, and is typically several orders of magnitude less than other coexisting elements such as fe (iii), cu (ii), ni (ii), zn (ii), pb (ii), and al (iii). Meanwhile, in industrial processes such as semiconductor and printed circuit board manufacturing, gold melting, plating, etching, and the like, various waste process liquids including waste rinsing water, plating liquid, etchant, and the like are generated. Unlike metal leach liquors, spent process liquors typically contain from 15 to 5800 mg/l of precious metal ions, possibly in concentrations greater than, compatible with, or less than other co-existing elements, such as al (iii), cu (ii), ni (ii), zn (ii), and sn (iv). How to separate the noble metal ions from these coexisting ions is the core of research.
Today there are several methods for recovering noble metal ions from noble metal-containing liquids, such as solvent extraction, ion exchange and adsorption. Both have merits and are not perfect. The solvent extraction method requires the use of a large amount of hazardous organic solvents, easily pollutes the environment, and requires a long time because of the necessity of a plurality of extraction steps. Although the ion exchange method is cheap, simple and environment-friendly, the separation period is long and the elution is difficult. Adsorption is considered an effective and economical technique for recovering noble metal ions from solution due to its excellent performance and low production cost. In general, the ideal adsorbent should satisfy the following conditions: a large surface area; high adsorption capacity and selectivity; high chemical and mechanical stability; easy to separate, regenerate and reuse; the cost effectiveness is high. However, no suitable ideal adsorbent has been found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to obtain a noble metal simple substance by selectively reducing and precipitating noble metal ions in a noble metal-containing solution by a simple, effective and low-cost reducing agent.
The reducing agent used in the present invention is one or more of amide organic compounds (e.g., N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA), etc.), ethanol, and methanol.
The method for selectively reducing the noble metal ions in the noble metal-containing solution to obtain the noble metal simple substance comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a reducing agent to the noble metal ion-containing solution in an amount not exceeding the volume of the solution.
(2) And sealing the container containing the liquid, putting the container into a baking oven at 50-70 ℃, and heating and preserving heat for 6-10 hours to obtain the noble metal simple substance.
The method is used for selectively reducing and precipitating the noble metal from the solution containing noble metal ions and coexisting ions such as copper ions, aluminum ions, nickel ions and tin ions to obtain the noble metal simple substance.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the oxidation-reduction potentials of gold, platinum and palladium in the noble metal are all higher than those of other common metals (such as copper, aluminum, nickel and tin) in the solution containing the noble metal. The higher the potential, the more oxidizing and more likely redox reactions occur. At a given temperature, amide organic compounds (such as N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA) and the like), ethanol and methanol have reducibility and can perform redox reaction with noble metals, so that the noble metals can be selectively precipitated in the solution.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: almost all noble metal (gold, platinum and palladium) ions in the noble metal-containing liquid can be reduced into the noble metal simple substance, and then the noble metal simple substance is obtained by separating through filtration and is recycled, so that the process flow of noble metal recovery is greatly shortened. The maximum recovery rate of gold, palladium and platinum of 98.3%, 95.4% and 94.6% can be obtained by using the reducing agent of the invention, and the purity is detected to be more than 98.5%. The used reducing agent is easy to obtain, the price is low, the method is simple, the application cost is reduced, and the large-scale production is easy to realize.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to examples, in which reducing agents (amide-based organic compounds such as N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA), etc.), ethanol and methanol) are used in an amount of 30% to 80% based on the amount of the noble metal ion-containing solution, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1 gold-containing ion solution was prepared according to the ratio of Au concentration 260.16mg/L, Cu concentration 203.52mg/L, Ni concentration 180.83mg/L, Al concentration 187.83mg/L, Sn concentration 198.04mg/L, 100mL of the prepared solution was put in a bottle, 40mL of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) was added, the bottle was sealed, and after heating and heat preservation in a 50-degree oven for 7 hours, precipitates appeared at the bottom of the bottle, and after filtration, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was performed for testing, which was in accordance with the powder diffraction pattern of gold simple substance. And (3) performing Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) test on the supernatant after the reaction, wherein the result shows that the gold precipitation rate is 98.3%.
Example 2A palladium ion-containing solution was prepared according to the ratio of Pd 99.23mg/L, Cu 203.52mg/L, Ni 180.83mg/L, Al concentration 187.83mg/L, Sn concentration 198.04mg/L, 100mL of the prepared solution was put in a bottle, 50mL of N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA) was added, the bottle was sealed, and after heating and holding in a 60-degree oven for 10 hours, a precipitate appeared at the bottom of the bottle, which was filtered and tested by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) to conform to the powder diffraction pattern of the palladium simple substance. The supernatant after the reaction was subjected to an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (ICP) test, and the result showed that the palladium precipitation rate was 95.4%.
Example 3 platinum ion-containing solution was prepared according to the ratio of Pt concentration 130.46mg/L, Cu, 203.52mg/L, Ni, 180.83mg/L, Al, 187.83mg/L, Sn, 198.04mg/L, 100mL of the prepared solution was put in a bottle, 40mL of ethanol was added, the bottle was sealed, and after heating and holding in a 60-degree oven for 8 hours, precipitates appeared at the bottom of the bottle, and after filtration, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) was performed to test the powder diffractogram according to the platinum simple substance. The supernatant after the reaction was subjected to an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (ICP) test, and the result showed that the platinum precipitation rate was 87.8%.
Example 4 gold-containing palladium ion solution was prepared according to the ratio of Au concentration 260.16mg/L, Pd concentration 99.23mg/L, Cu concentration 203.52mg/L, Ni concentration 180.83mg/L, Al concentration 187.83mg/L, Sn concentration 198.04mg/L, 100mL of the prepared solution was put in a bottle, 40mL of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) was added, the bottle was sealed, and after being placed in a 50-degree oven and heat-insulated for 7 hours, precipitate appeared at the bottom of the bottle, and after filtration, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) was performed to test, which was in accordance with the powder diffraction pattern of gold simple substance. The supernatant after the reaction was subjected to an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (ICP) test, and the results showed that the gold precipitation rate was 96.7% and the palladium precipitation rate was 91.2%.

Claims (4)

1. The application of the reducing agent for the selective precipitation of the low-cost noble metal (gold, platinum and palladium) ions is characterized in that the noble metal (gold, platinum and palladium) ions in a solution containing the noble metal (gold, platinum and palladium) ions is selectively reduced and precipitated to obtain a noble metal (gold, platinum and palladium) simple substance, and the reducing agent is one or more of amide organic compounds (such as N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA) and the like), ethanol and methanol.
2. The use of a reducing agent for the selective precipitation of low-cost noble metal ions (gold, platinum, palladium) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a reducing agent with the volume not exceeding that of the solution into the solution containing noble metal ions (gold, platinum and palladium);
(2) and sealing the container containing the liquid, putting the container into a baking oven at 50-70 ℃, and heating and preserving heat for 6-10 hours to obtain the noble metal (gold, platinum and palladium) simple substance.
3. Use of a reducing agent for the selective precipitation of low-cost noble metal ions (gold, platinum, palladium) according to claim 2, characterized in that the amount of reducing agent used does not exceed the amount of solution containing noble metal ions (gold, platinum, palladium).
4. The application of the reducing agent for selective precipitation of low-cost noble metal (gold, platinum and palladium) ions according to claim 1 is used for selective reduction precipitation of noble metal (gold, platinum and palladium) ions in a solution containing the noble metal (gold, platinum and palladium) ions and other metal ions to obtain a noble metal (gold, platinum and palladium) simple substance, wherein the other metal ions are one or more of copper ions, aluminum ions, nickel ions and tin ions.
CN202111472217.9A 2021-12-03 2021-12-03 Low-cost reducing agent for selective precipitation of noble metal ions Pending CN114134336A (en)

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Application publication date: 20220304