CN117918800A

CN117918800A - Intelligent health monitoring system for tuberculosis latent infected person

Info

Publication number: CN117918800A
Application number: CN202410030120.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张文玉; 季美华; 马贤纵; 律晨
Original assignee: Capital Medical University
Current assignee: Capital Medical University
Priority date: 2024-01-08
Filing date: 2024-01-08
Publication date: 2024-04-26

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses an intelligent health monitoring system for tuberculosis latent infected persons, which comprises the following components: the data acquisition module is used for acquiring health monitoring data of patients with tuberculosis latent infection high risk; the health monitoring data comprise respiratory rate, heart rate, blood oxygen, night sweat and blood sugar; the data analysis module is used for realizing respiration monitoring, heart rate monitoring, blood oxygen monitoring, night sweat monitoring and blood sugar monitoring of the tuberculosis latent infection high-risk patient by adopting the health monitoring data. The invention makes up the blank that the people (tuberculosis latent infected people) are not monitored at present, and can be timely reported to a hospital end when abnormality is found, thereby providing certain help for the management of the people by the hospital.

Description

Intelligent health monitoring system for tuberculosis latent infected person

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of health monitoring, in particular to an intelligent health monitoring system for tuberculosis latent infected persons.

Background

1. Tuberculosis is still a serious infectious disease that is harmful to people's health and public health safety

In 2015, WHO has proposed a global strategic goal to terminate tuberculosis epidemics (END TB) in 2035, i.e., to reduce global tuberculosis incidence by 90% within 20 years. However, according to the current trend of global tuberculosis incidence decreasing by 2% per year, this goal is far from being achieved by 2035.

2. Latent tuberculosis infection is an important source for continuously increasing tuberculosis morbidity.

The latent tuberculosis infected population is a huge and potential 'patient library', new active tuberculosis patients are continuously transported, and how to control the mycobacterium tuberculosis in the latent tuberculosis infected patients to be in a no obvious replication state and the clinical symptoms of the active tuberculosis to be the key point of tuberculosis control. The high risk group or the key group has higher LTBI rate, and the different LTBI rates of different countries, different areas and different groups are larger, and the reasons of the high risk group or the key group are related to the tuberculosis status, investigation objects, diagnosis technologies, methods and the like of different areas and different groups.

3. Reducing the direct morbidity of tuberculosis latent infected persons is an important target for realizing the global strategic goal of ending tuberculosis

The following three conditions may occur after the organism is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis: (1) Mycobacterium tuberculosis is destroyed; (2) Mycobacterium tuberculosis is inhibited, but not destroyed, in LTBI state; (3) Mycobacterium tuberculosis presents a distinct replication and presents with the clinical symptoms of active tuberculosis. It is estimated by the model that approximately one-fourth of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) and is in a latent infection state for a long period of time, of which 5% -10% may develop Active Tuberculosis (ATB) at some point in life [7-9]. The ultimate outcome of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is largely dependent on the interaction between the host immune system and pathogenic bacteria, and is also affected by the current status of tuberculosis, control strategies, socioeconomic and environmental factors [10]. On the premise that vaccine development is difficult to break through, in addition to early discovery and standardized treatment of tuberculosis patients, the reduction of the direct incidence rate of LTBI population is related to success or failure of global strategy for prevention and control of tuberculosis [11]. However, the changes of the conditions such as living conditions, living environment, work and rest laws, pressure sources, psychological states and the like of the tuberculosis latent infected person can influence physical quality and immunity level, so that how to reduce morbidity and improve immunity level and to perform health monitoring and self-management of the tuberculosis latent infected person are the subjects to be explored continuously.

4. At present, the research on proper intervention technology and management strategy for nuclear latent infectors is not carried out systematically in China.

In recent years, LTBI surveys have been conducted in different countries and regions to cover different populations, including high risk populations such as immigration, civilian difficulties, refugee search, custody populations, health care workers, tuberculosis patient intimate contact persons, human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infectors, and the like. The country is the third highest burden country of global tuberculosis, the definition of LTBI crowd and the research of the proper intervention technology are not developed systematically, and no mature monitoring and management strategy is formed. More importantly, the tuberculosis features and the crowd features of China are significantly different from those of low-burden countries, and the monitoring and management of LTBI cannot take care of foreign experience and guidelines. Under the current situation that the successful experience of the country with high tuberculosis burden is circulated, in order to effectively reduce the national tuberculosis target, the aspects of developing the healthy intervention scheme, monitoring management and the like of the tuberculosis latent infectious agents are researched and developed by the system, the technical support for evaluating and intervening target crowd reaction in real time is provided, and the management strategy of the tuberculosis latent infectious agents suitable for the national conditions and crowd characteristics of China is imperative.

Tuberculosis latent infection (LTBI) generally refers to the presence of tubercle bacillus in the body (usually the lungs) but without significant symptoms. The Mantoux test of tuberculosis latent infected person is positive, but the tuberculosis latent infected person is asymptomatic and has no tubercle bacillus in sputum. In some cases, tubercle bacillus can last for a lifetime without morbidity.

The LTBI has no clinical symptoms, is not an essential item in conventional physical examination or hospital admission screening, and meanwhile, the knowledge and knowledge rate of people on tuberculosis prevention and treatment are also at a low level, and more basic medical institutions are selected in the medical treatment process, so that diagnosis delay or missed diagnosis is easily caused. However, tuberculosis latent infected persons still have infectivity, so that health monitoring of the group of people is necessary.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the technical drawbacks mentioned in the background art, an object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide an intelligent health monitoring system for tuberculosis latent infected persons.

To achieve the above object, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an intelligent health monitoring system for a tuberculosis latent infected person, including:

The patient selection module is used for selecting patients with tuberculosis latent infection high risk;

A respiration monitoring module for:

collecting a first respiratory rate of the tuberculosis latent infection high-risk patient at the current moment through a wearable device;

If the first respiratory rate is in the standard respiratory rate range, recording the first respiratory rate, otherwise, discarding the first respiratory rate, and continuously collecting the first respiratory rate at the current moment;

collecting a second respiratory rate of the tuberculosis latent infection high-risk patient at the next moment through a wearable device; the difference between the current moment and the next moment is more than one minute;

if the second respiratory rate is in the standard respiratory rate range, recording the second respiratory rate, otherwise, discarding the second respiratory rate, and continuously collecting the second respiratory rate at the next moment;

Calculating the difference value between the first respiratory rate and the second respiratory rate, if the difference value is in the difference respiratory rate range, enabling the tuberculosis latent infection high-risk patient to breathe normally, otherwise, enabling the tuberculosis latent infection high-risk patient to breathe abnormally, initiating early warning through the wearable equipment, and simultaneously remotely sending the respiration early warning condition to a hospital end.

As a preferred implementation of the present application, the respiration monitoring module is further configured to:

And generating a breathing graphic report according to the first breathing frequency, the second breathing frequency, the difference value of the first breathing frequency and the second breathing frequency and the breathing abnormality early warning condition.

As a specific implementation manner of the present application, the patient selection module is specifically configured to:

Epidemiological history data, patient clinical manifestation data, lung image data and auxiliary examination and inspection data are obtained, and medical diagnosis is performed by expert teams based on the data so as to determine patients with latent tuberculosis infection and high risk.

As another specific implementation manner of the present application, the patient selection module is specifically configured to:

Acquiring risk factors given by doctors; the risk factors include infection of the patient with human immunodeficiency virus, history of patient exposure to tuberculosis, patient receiving or receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy, patient receiving organ transplantation, silicosis, and patient receiving dialysis therapy;

If the patient has one or more of the risk factors, the patient is determined to be a patient at high risk for latent tuberculosis infection.

As a preferred implementation of the present application, the system further comprises a heart rate monitoring module for:

collecting heart rate data of the tuberculosis latent infection high-risk patient through wearable equipment;

if the heart rate data meets the standard value, carrying out feature extraction on the heart rate data to obtain feature data;

inputting the characteristic data into a neural network model for prediction to obtain a prediction result;

if the prediction result meets the preset condition, prompting that the heart rate is normal, otherwise prompting that the heart rate is abnormal and carrying out early warning through the wearable equipment.

Further, the heart rate monitoring module is further configured to:

recording all heart rate data meeting a standard value, prompting the normal times of heart rate and prompting the abnormal times of heart rate;

And generating a heart rate graphic report according to the data.

Further, in some preferred implementations of the present application, the system further includes a blood oxygen monitoring module for collecting blood oxygen data of the patient at high risk of latent tuberculosis infection, and prompting normoxicity if the blood oxygen data meets a standard value.

In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide another system for intelligent health monitoring of tuberculosis latent infected persons, comprising:

The data acquisition module is used for acquiring health monitoring data of patients with tuberculosis latent infection high risk; the health monitoring data includes respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood oxygen;

the data analysis module is used for realizing respiration monitoring, heart rate monitoring and blood oxygen monitoring of the tuberculosis latent infection high-risk patient by adopting the health monitoring data;

the specific process of respiration monitoring is as follows:

The heart rate monitoring process specifically comprises the following steps:

Further, the data analysis module is also used for selecting tuberculosis latent infection high-risk patients, and specifically comprises the following steps:

Obtaining epidemiological history data, patient clinical manifestation data, lung image data and auxiliary examination and inspection data, and performing medical diagnosis by expert teams based on the data so as to determine patients with latent tuberculosis infection and high risk; or (b)

According to the intelligent health monitoring system for the tuberculosis latent infected person, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the health monitoring object (namely, the tuberculosis latent infected high-risk patient) is determined through the patient selection module, the respiration monitoring module is used for carrying out respiration monitoring on the health monitoring object, so that the gap that the crowd (tuberculosis latent infected person) is not monitored at present is made up, and the system can be timely reported to a hospital terminal when abnormality is found, so that a certain help can be provided for the management of the crowd by the hospital.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an intelligent health monitoring system for tuberculosis latent infectors according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a block diagram of an intelligent health monitoring system for tuberculosis latent infectors according to a second embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of an electronic device.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

It should be understood that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

Referring to fig. 1, the intelligent health monitoring system for tuberculosis latent infected persons provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a patient selection module, a respiration monitoring module, a heart rate monitoring module and a blood oxygen monitoring module.

The patient selecting module is used for selecting tuberculosis latent infection high-risk patients, and the following two modes can be adopted:

First kind: when tuberculin skin test (Tuberculinskinrelease assay, TST) results are moderately positive or strongly positive, or gamma-interferon release test (Interferongammareleaseassay, IGRA) is positive, expert team (consisting of tuberculosis specialist, sensing specialist, infection specialist, information engineer) simultaneously combines epidemiological history data, clinical manifestation data, chest imaging data, related auxiliary examination and differential diagnosis and the like to exclude active tuberculosis, the patient is determined to be a tuberculosis latent infection high-risk patient.

Second kind: acquiring risk factors given by doctors; the risk factors include infection of the patient with human immunodeficiency virus, history of patient exposure to tuberculosis, patient receiving or receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy, patient receiving organ transplantation, silicosis, and patient receiving dialysis therapy;

It should be noted that, the intelligent health monitoring system for tuberculosis latent infectious agents can communicate with a plurality of fixed-point medical institutions (such as special pulmonary disease hospitals), and send the examination results (including but not limited to pictures, videos, numerical values and the like) of the high-risk patients with LTBI tuberculosis to the medical fixed-point institutions, and medical professionals of the institutions can determine personalized intervention measures according to the examination results and push the personalized intervention measures to the intelligent health monitoring system for tuberculosis latent infectious agents.

When the mode is adopted to select the tuberculosis latent infection high-risk patient as the research object, respiration monitoring, heart rate monitoring and blood oxygen monitoring can be carried out on the tuberculosis latent infection high-risk patient.

Specifically, the respiration monitoring module is specifically configured to:

Collecting a first respiratory rate of the tuberculosis latent infection high-risk patient at the current moment through a wearable device; wherein the wearable device includes, but is not limited to, a wristwatch, a respiration monitoring sensor, and the like;

If the first respiratory rate is in the standard respiratory rate range, recording the first respiratory rate, otherwise, discarding the first respiratory rate, and continuously collecting the first respiratory rate at the current moment; that is, the monitored respiratory rate is screened, only the data meeting the requirements are meaningful for respiratory monitoring, and the calculated amount of the subsequent data analysis can be reduced after the data screening is carried out;

Calculating a difference value between the first respiratory rate and the second respiratory rate, if the difference value is in a difference respiratory rate range, enabling the tuberculosis latent infection high-risk patient to breathe normally, otherwise, enabling the tuberculosis latent infection high-risk patient to breathe abnormally, initiating early warning through the wearable equipment, and simultaneously remotely sending the respiration early warning condition to a hospital end;

Specifically, the heart rate monitoring module is used for:

Inputting the characteristic data into a neural network model for prediction to obtain a prediction result; the neural network model is selected in many ways, such as BP neural network, CNN neural network and the like;

If the prediction result meets the preset condition, prompting that the heart rate is normal, otherwise prompting that the heart rate is abnormal and carrying out early warning through the wearable equipment;

And generating a heart rate graphic report according to the data.

Specifically, the blood oxygen monitoring module is used for collecting blood oxygen data of the tuberculosis latent infection high-risk patient, and if the blood oxygen data meets the standard value, the blood oxygen is prompted to be normal.

It should be noted that, in patients with high risk of latent tuberculosis infection, the following symptoms usually occur:

1. Self-induced debilitation: reduced immunity, and is prone to fatigue and invasiveness;

2. inappetence: gastrointestinal digestive function may be affected;

3. body temperature is unstable, night sweat (a disease characterized by abnormal sweating after falling asleep, and stopping sweating after waking);

4. Blood glucose abnormality.

Based on this, in certain preferred implementations of the present application, the intelligent health monitoring system described above further comprises a diet monitoring module for:

Obtaining three meals time and three meals of food of a patient with high risk of tuberculosis latent infection;

Comparing the three-meal time and the three-meal food with standard data stored in a database, and judging whether the patient takes food on time or not and whether the patient takes food which affects the illness state of the patient or not;

the three-meal time, the three-meal food and the comparison result are sent to the hospital end, and the hospital end can give the diet adjustment suggestion of the patient in a mode of combining software and doctor experience judgment.

It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the sweat sensor may be worn by the patient to realize the night sweat detection.

In many studies on latent tuberculosis infection, it is found that most patients with high risk of latent tuberculosis infection have abnormal blood sugar. Accordingly, the inventors of the present application considered that it was necessary to monitor blood glucose. Therefore, in this embodiment, the intelligent health monitoring system further includes a blood glucose monitoring module for:

Determining a blood glucose monitoring position by a medical expert according to the respiratory data, the heart rate data and the blood oxygen data;

Placing a blood glucose meter at a blood glucose monitoring location to obtain a plurality of blood glucose values for a preset period of time (e.g., 24 hours); the collection frequency of the blood glucose meter can be set by itself, for example, once in 2 hours, or the blood glucose meter can collect at fixed pre-meal time, 2 hours after meal time and the like;

Generating an abnormality record when an abnormality (e.g., above a medical standard) occurs in each blood glucose level;

and generating a blood glucose map according to the normal blood glucose value and the abnormal record.

The specific process for generating the blood glucose map is as follows:

(1) At the aforementioned blood glucose monitoring point (e.g., thumb abdomen), the probe portion of the blood glucose meter collects the patient's blood glucose signal.

(2) The blood glucose signal is typically an analog signal, and for subsequent use by the data analysis device to obtain the blood glucose value, it is therefore necessary here to convert the blood glucose signal into a digital signal. Specific digital conversion processes may include:

a. digitally sampling the blood glucose signal to obtain a discrete signal q= (x×ts) W/T; q represents a discrete signal, X represents a sampling signal of a blood glucose signal, ts represents a sampling interval period, W represents a blood glucose signal, and T represents a sampling duration;

b. quantizing the discrete signal to obtain a signal discrete value;

c. and carrying out digital coding on the discrete signal value to obtain a digital signal.

(3) During the acquisition process of the blood glucose signal, noise is more or less mixed, so that noise reduction and filtering treatment are also required to be carried out on the converted digital data. The noise reduction algorithms employed include, but are not limited to, the Bi-exponential edge protected smoothing processor (BEEPS, bi-Exponential Edge-PRESERVING SMOOTHER) algorithm, median filtering (MEDIAN FILTER) algorithm, mean filtering algorithm, bilateral filtering (Bilateral Filtering) algorithm, joint bilateral filtering, wizard filtering, and the like. The noise reduction algorithm has slight difference, for example, the processing speed of a smooth processor algorithm and a median filtering algorithm of double-index edge protection is high, and the processing effect of the noise reduction algorithm such as combined bilateral filtering and guide filtering is good. As to what noise reduction algorithm to select, the user may choose by himself when the application is being implemented.

(4) Blood glucose influencing factors including, but not limited to, drugs (insulin, metformin, acarbose tablet, etc.), exercise conditions, sleep conditions, and three meal food conditions of the patient are analyzed based on the noise-reduced and filtered digital signals.

(5) And drawing a blood glucose map according to the normal blood glucose value, the abnormal blood glucose value and the blood glucose influencing factors.

From the above description, it can be known that in the intelligent health monitoring system for tuberculosis latent infectious agents provided by the embodiment of the invention, the patient selection module is used for determining the health monitoring object (namely, tuberculosis latent infectious high-risk patient), the respiration monitoring module is used for carrying out respiration monitoring on the health monitoring object, so that the gap that the people of the type (tuberculosis latent infectious agents) are not monitored at present is made up, and the system can be timely reported to a hospital terminal when abnormality is found, so that a certain help can be provided for the management of the people of the type by the hospital.

Referring to fig. 2 again, the embodiment of the invention further provides another intelligent health monitoring system for tuberculosis latent infected persons, comprising:

and the data analysis module is used for adopting the health monitoring data to realize respiration monitoring, heart rate monitoring and blood oxygen monitoring of the tuberculosis latent infection high-risk patients.

The specific process of respiration monitoring is as follows:

The heart rate monitoring process specifically comprises the following steps:

As an alternative implementation manner, the data analysis module may be an electronic device as shown in fig. 3, including: one or more processors 101, one or more input devices 102, one or more output devices 103, and a memory 104, the processors 101, input devices 102, output devices 103, and memory 104 being interconnected by a bus 105. The memory 104 is used for storing a computer program comprising program instructions, the processor 101 being configured to invoke the program instructions to perform the steps of:

Selecting a patient with tuberculosis latent infection at high risk;

Collecting health monitoring data of patients with tuberculosis latent infection at high risk; the health monitoring data includes respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood oxygen;

And the health monitoring data are adopted to realize respiration monitoring, heart rate monitoring and blood oxygen monitoring of the tuberculosis latent infection high-risk patients.

Further, the processor 101 is further configured to invoke the program instructions to perform the steps of:

and (3) blood sugar monitoring is carried out on patients with tuberculosis latent infection high risk according to the respiratory data, the heart rate data and the blood oxygen data.

The specific process of blood glucose monitoring can be as follows:

Specific respiration monitoring, heart rate monitoring, blood oxygen monitoring and specific generation of a blood glucose map are described in the foregoing embodiments, and are not repeated here.

It should be appreciated that in embodiments of the present invention, the Processor 101 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), which may also be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors (DIGITAL SIGNAL processors, DSPs), application SPECIFIC INTEGRATED Circuits (ASICs), off-the-shelf Programmable gate arrays (Field-Programmable GATE ARRAY, FPGA) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.

The input device 102 may include a keyboard or the like, and the output device 103 may include a display (LCD or the like), a speaker or the like.

The memory 104 may include read only memory and random access memory and provides instructions and data to the processor 101. A portion of the memory 104 may also include non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory 104 may also store information of device type.

While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions of equivalents may be made and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An intelligent health monitoring system for tuberculosis latent infected persons, comprising:

A respiration monitoring module for:

2. The intelligent health monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the respiration monitoring module is further configured to:

3. The intelligent health monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the patient selection module is specifically configured to:

4. The intelligent health monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the patient selection module is specifically configured to:

5. The intelligent health monitoring system of claim 3 or 4, wherein the system further comprises a heart rate monitoring module for:

6. The intelligent health monitoring system of claim 5, wherein the heart rate monitoring module is further configured to:

And generating a heart rate graphic report according to the data.

7. The intelligent health monitoring system of claim 6, further comprising a blood oxygen monitoring module for collecting blood oxygen data of the patient at high risk of latent tuberculosis infection, and prompting normoxicity if the blood oxygen data meets a standard value.

8. An intelligent health monitoring system for tuberculosis latent infected persons, comprising:

the specific process of respiration monitoring is as follows:

9. The intelligent health monitoring system of claim 8, wherein the heart rate monitoring process is specifically:

10. The intelligent health monitoring system according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the data analysis module is further configured to select patients with a high risk of latent tuberculosis infection, specifically: