CN117907851A - Optical fiber sensing system for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of lithium battery and composite sensing probe - Google Patents
Optical fiber sensing system for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of lithium battery and composite sensing probe Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 56
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The system comprises a fiber bragg grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe and a Raman sensing probe which are arranged on an upper cover plate of a lithium battery monomer, wherein the fiber bragg grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe is used for measuring the temperature and the gas pressure in the lithium battery monomer, and the Raman sensing probe is used for monitoring the gas components in the lithium battery monomer; the fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe is connected with a fiber grating demodulator, the Raman sensing probe is respectively connected with a laser light source and a Raman spectrum analyzer, the fiber grating demodulator and the Raman spectrum analyzer are connected with a computer with signal processing software, and the temperature, the gas pressure and the gas components are analyzed through the signal processing software. The invention has the characteristics of simple arrangement, small occupied space, electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance, explosion prevention, wide frequency band, low loss, higher precision and the like, and can monitor the internal temperature, pressure and gas component change state of the lithium battery in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium battery monitoring, and particularly relates to an optical fiber sensing system and a compound sensing probe for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of a lithium battery.
Background
With the increasing energy demand and the consensus of reducing environmental pollution, people pay high attention to the development of new energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, lithium ion batteries, fuel cells and the like. Compared with the traditional battery, the lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, capability of rapid charge and discharge and the like, and is widely applied to various fields of mobile communication, transportation, new energy storage and the like. However, lithium ion batteries are very sensitive to severe conditions such as high temperature, cracking, overcharging, overdischarging, and short circuits due to their high energy density. When the lithium ion battery is subjected to mechanical, electric and thermal abuse, severe chemical reaction can occur in the lithium ion battery, abnormal heating of the battery can further accelerate the chemical reaction in the lithium ion battery, thermal runaway is caused, and serious thermal runaway propagation can be caused in the battery module, so that a large amount of heat and toxic combustible gas are released. Therefore, the method has important significance for online monitoring of gas components and air pressure changes in the operation process of the lithium battery and early warning of thermal runaway of the lithium battery.
At present, the detection method for the gas component and the air pressure change in the operation process of the lithium battery is mainly characterized in that the detection is carried out by arranging sensors such as voltage, gas, smoke, distance measurement, pressure, force and the like outside the battery, and the gas component is measured by adopting a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology. These methods are often used for analysis of gas composition in steady state of the cell, and cannot continuously detect and analyze the gas composition in the whole process of thermal runaway, and damage and consume the gas sample during sampling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides an optical fiber sensing system and a compound sensing probe for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of a lithium battery, which can monitor temperature, air pressure and gas components in the operation process of the lithium battery in real time at the same time, evaluate the operation state of the battery by judging the operation condition of the battery and early warn the thermal runaway of the battery in advance.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention has the following technical scheme:
The optical fiber sensing system for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of the lithium battery comprises an optical fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe and a Raman sensing probe, wherein the optical fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe and the Raman sensing probe are arranged on an upper cover plate of the lithium battery monomer, the optical fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe is used for measuring the temperature and the gas pressure in the lithium battery monomer, and the Raman sensing probe is used for monitoring the gas components in the lithium battery monomer; the fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe is connected with the fiber grating demodulator, the Raman sensing probe is respectively connected with the laser light source and the Raman spectrum analyzer, the fiber grating demodulator and the Raman spectrum analyzer are connected with a computer with signal processing software, and the temperature, the air pressure and the gas components are analyzed through the signal processing software.
As a preferable scheme, the number of the lithium battery monomers is multiple, the lithium battery monomers are connected in series by adopting transmission optical cables, and the fiber bragg grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe and the Raman sensing probe are arranged on an upper cover plate of the same lithium battery monomer.
As a preferable scheme, the fiber bragg grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe is connected with the fiber bragg grating demodulator through a transmission optical cable, the Raman sensing probe is connected with the Raman spectrum analyzer through the transmission optical cable, and the Raman sensing probe is connected with the laser light source through an excitation optical fiber.
As a preferable scheme, the fiber bragg grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe is a fiber bragg grating sensor inscribed by femtosecond laser.
As a preferable scheme, a Raman sensing probe is installed on an opening of an upper cover plate of the lithium battery monomer, window glass is arranged at the opening position, the Raman sensing probe emits laser into the lithium battery monomer through the window glass, and a scattered Raman spectrum of gas is received.
As a preferable scheme, the fiber bragg grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe adopts a dynamic calibration method to realize on-line compensation of calibration parameters.
As a preferable scheme, the Raman sensing probe is calibrated by adopting a Rayleigh scattering normalization algorithm.
The optical fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe is applied to an optical fiber sensing system for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of a lithium battery and comprises a pressure optical fiber grating and a temperature optical fiber grating which are hermetically arranged in a shell, wherein an elastic diaphragm is arranged at the end part of the shell, external pressure directly acts on the elastic diaphragm, the elastic diaphragm is connected with one end of the pressure optical fiber grating through a dowel bar, and the other end of the pressure optical fiber grating is stretched and fixed through a fixing adhesive; both ends of the temperature fiber grating are fixed through fixing glue in a loose state, the temperature fiber grating can sense the temperature of the pressure fiber grating, and the temperature of the pressure fiber grating is compensated.
As a preferable scheme, the pressure fiber bragg grating and the temperature fiber bragg grating are packaged together in a capillary sleeve.
As a preferable scheme, the shell is made of 0Cr13 stainless steel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
The temperature and the air pressure inside the battery are detected by an optical fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe arranged on an upper cover plate of the lithium battery monomer, and two signals of the temperature and the air pressure are sent into a computer in the monitoring process and analyzed and decoupled in signal processing software. The Raman sensing probe is used for measuring the components of the hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and other multicomponent gases in the battery, and the volume expansion process and the components of the gases in the battery are monitored in real time. Aiming at the gas component and air pressure change monitoring requirements in the airtight, corrosion and electromagnetic interference environment in the lithium battery, the invention has the characteristics of simple arrangement, small occupied space, electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance, explosion resistance, wide frequency band, low loss, higher precision and the like, monitors the state of the temperature, pressure and gas component change in the lithium battery in real time, improves the safety and stability of the lithium battery, early warns against thermal runaway in advance, and prevents the occurrence of safety accidents.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber sensing system for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of a lithium battery according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe structure according to an embodiment of the invention;
In the accompanying drawings: 1-lithium battery cell; 2-a battery positive electrode; 3-a battery negative electrode; 4-window glass; a 5-raman sensing probe; 6-exciting the optical fiber; 7-a laser light source; 8-a power supply; 9-optical fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe; 10-a transmission cable; 11-fiber grating demodulator; 12-raman spectrum analyzer; 13-a computer; 14-signal processing software; 15-an elastic membrane; 16-capillary sleeve; 17-pressure fiber grating; 18-temperature fiber grating; 19-fixing glue; 20-a housing; 21-dowel bar.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system configurations, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like in the description of the present specification and in the appended claims, are used for distinguishing between descriptions and not necessarily for indicating or implying a relative importance. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The fiber grating sensor can adopt a wavelength division multiplexing technology, and a plurality of sensors are connected in series on one fiber to independently work, so that quasi-distributed measurement is realized. Therefore, the fiber bragg grating sensor is an ideal embedded sensor when being used as a passive sensor and facing severe environments such as small internal space and chemical corrosion of a large-capacity lithium ion battery, and can be well applied to monitoring states such as gas components and air pressure of the battery. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides an optical fiber sensing system for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of a lithium battery, which has the characteristics of simple arrangement, small occupied space, electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance, explosion resistance, wide frequency band, low loss, higher precision and the like, can realize the real-time monitoring of the internal temperature, air pressure and gas components of the lithium battery, judge the running condition of the battery, evaluate the running state of the battery, early warn the thermal runaway of the battery in advance, and improve the safety and stability of the lithium battery.
Referring to fig. 1, an optical fiber sensing system for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of lithium battery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an optical fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe 9 and a raman sensing probe 5 mounted on an upper cover plate of a lithium battery cell 1, and further, after a plurality of lithium battery cells 1 are connected in series through a transmission optical cable 10, one of the lithium battery cells 1 is selected to mount the optical fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe 9 and the raman sensing probe 5 on the upper cover plate. The fiber bragg grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe 9 measures the temperature and the gas pressure in the lithium battery cell 1, and the Raman sensing probe 5 monitors the gas components in the lithium battery cell 1. The fiber bragg grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe 9 is connected with the fiber bragg grating demodulator 11, the Raman sensing probe 5 is respectively connected with the laser light source 7 and the Raman spectrum analyzer 12, wherein the fiber bragg grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe 9 is connected with the fiber bragg grating demodulator 11 through the transmission optical cable 10, the Raman sensing probe 5 is connected with the Raman spectrum analyzer 12 through the transmission optical cable 10, the Raman sensing probe 5 is connected with the laser light source 7 through the excitation optical fiber 6, and the laser light source 7 is connected with the power supply 8. The fiber grating demodulator 11 and the raman spectrum analyzer 12 are connected to a computer 13 with signal processing software 14, and the temperature, the air pressure and the gas components are analyzed by the signal processing software 14.
In one possible embodiment, the fiber bragg grating gas temperature pressure composite sensing probe 9 is a femtosecond laser written fiber bragg grating sensor (Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG) comprising a fiber bragg grating region, a fiber optic core and a polyimide coating layer, with a diameter of 125 μm. The optical signal detected by the fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe 9 is transmitted to the fiber grating demodulator 11 for signal processing in real time through the transmission optical cable 10, finally transmitted to the computer 13, and displayed and analyzed in the signal processing software 14.
In one possible embodiment, the excitation fiber 6 guides the laser light source 7 to the target sample area, and after the target sample is irradiated to generate a scattering signal, the scattering signal can be collected at the same end of the raman sensor probe 5, and the reflection signal of the light source inside the battery and the reflection signal of the aluminum, copper and the organic diaphragm can be filtered.
In one possible implementation manner, the raman sensing probe 5 is installed on the upper cover plate of the lithium battery cell 1 through a hole, the window glass 4 is arranged at the position of the hole, the window glass 4 is made of calcium fluoride glass, and the raman sensing probe 5 emits laser with a certain intensity to the interior of the lithium battery cell 1 through the window glass 4 and receives raman spectra scattered by gas generated in the interior of the lithium battery cell 1. The collected raman spectrum signals are transmitted to a raman spectrum analyzer 12 through a transmission optical cable 10, and finally transmitted to a computer 13 after signal processing, and are displayed and analyzed in a signal processing software 14.
In one possible implementation manner, the fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe 9 adopts a dynamic calibration method to realize on-line compensation of calibration parameters, so that the stability of a sensing system is improved.
In one possible implementation, the raman sensor probe 5 is calibrated by using a rayleigh scattering normalization algorithm, so that the gas component detection accuracy is improved.
In one possible implementation, the signal processing software 14 uses a fast signal processing method to quickly analyze and determine the acquired data signals.
Referring to fig. 2, the optical fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe of the embodiment of the invention is applied to an optical fiber sensing system for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of a lithium battery, and comprises a pressure optical fiber grating 17 and a temperature optical fiber grating 18 which are hermetically arranged in a shell 20, wherein an elastic diaphragm 15 is arranged at the end part of the shell 20, external pressure directly acts on the elastic diaphragm 15, the elastic diaphragm 15 is connected with one end of the pressure optical fiber grating 17 through a dowel bar 21, and the other end of the pressure optical fiber grating 17 is stretched and fixed through a fixing adhesive 19; both ends of the temperature fiber grating 18 are fixed through the fixing glue 19 in a loose state, the temperature fiber grating 18 can sense the temperature of the pressure fiber grating 17, the temperature of the pressure fiber grating 17 can be compensated, the pressure measurement accuracy is improved, and meanwhile the battery temperature in the charging and discharging process of the lithium battery monomer 1 is monitored.
In one possible embodiment, the material of the housing 20 is 0Cr13 stainless steel, and the pressure fiber grating 17 and the temperature fiber grating 18 are combined together, so that the ultra-low air pressure change can be sensed, and the internal pressure and the temperature of the battery can be detected.
In a possible embodiment, the thickness of the elastic membrane 15 is 0.1mm, the periphery of the elastic membrane 15 is welded with the surface of the housing 20, external pressure directly acts on the elastic membrane 15, deformation generated by the center of the elastic membrane 15 causes displacement of the connected dowel bar 21, and the displacement of the dowel bar 21 can squeeze the pressure fiber grating 17.
In one possible embodiment, the pressure fiber grating 17 and the temperature fiber grating 18 are encapsulated together in the capillary tube 16, and the capillary tube 16 can protect the pressure fiber grating 17 and the temperature fiber grating 18.
In the prior art, for example, patent application number 202211425149.5 discloses a lithium battery thermal runaway multi-gas component monitoring device, which comprises a cylindrical shell, a light-emitting component, a multi-component gas detection component, a circuit substrate for integrating the light-emitting component and the multi-component gas detection component, and an alarm pre-warning component; the luminous assembly, the multi-component gas detection assembly and the circuit substrate are arranged in the cylindrical shell, and the alarm early warning assembly is connected with the multi-component gas detection assembly. However, the multi-component gas detection system with the structure in the technical scheme is arranged in a cylindrical battery, the device is huge, and process monitoring cannot be provided for a large-capacity square lithium battery.
As another example, patent application No. 202210601851.6 discloses a "lithium battery with a flexible pressure monitoring sensor integrated inside a battery cell", which refers to a method for detecting the internal pressure of a lithium battery using a flexible pressure film sensor. However, the sensor in the technical scheme is only suitable for measuring the solid pressure in the battery, is not suitable for monitoring the gas pressure in the battery, has a single function, and cannot measure the internal temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the multi-parameter on-line monitoring optical fiber sensing system for the lithium battery, provided by the embodiment of the invention, combines the FBG sensing technology and the optical fiber Raman spectrum technology, can monitor the temperature, the pressure, the gas component and other parameter changes of the lithium battery in real time, and then forms a multi-parameter optical fiber sensing monitoring network for the lithium battery through a transmission optical fiber, a demodulation system and a computer.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The optical fiber sensing system for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of the lithium battery is characterized by comprising an optical fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe (9) and a Raman sensing probe (5) which are arranged on an upper cover plate of the lithium battery monomer (1), wherein the optical fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe (9) is used for measuring the temperature and the gas pressure in the lithium battery monomer (1), and the Raman sensing probe (5) is used for monitoring the gas composition in the lithium battery monomer (1); the fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe (9) is connected with a fiber grating demodulator (11), the Raman sensing probe (5) is respectively connected with a laser light source (7) and a Raman spectrum analyzer (12), the fiber grating demodulator (11) is connected with a computer (13) with signal processing software (14) with the Raman spectrum analyzer (12), and the temperature, the gas pressure and the gas components are analyzed through the signal processing software (14).
2. The optical fiber sensing system for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the number of the lithium battery cells (1) is multiple, the lithium battery cells (1) are connected in series by adopting a transmission optical cable (10), and the optical fiber grating gas temperature pressure composite sensing probe (9) and the raman sensing probe (5) are arranged on an upper cover plate of the same lithium battery cell (1).
3. The optical fiber sensing system for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of the lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe (9) is connected with the optical fiber grating demodulator (11) through a transmission optical cable (10), the Raman sensing probe (5) is connected with the Raman spectrum analyzer (12) through the transmission optical cable (10), and the Raman sensing probe (5) is connected with the laser light source (7) through an excitation optical fiber (6).
4. The optical fiber sensing system for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of the lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe (9) is a femtosecond laser inscribed optical fiber Bragg grating sensor.
5. The optical fiber sensing system for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of the lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein a raman sensing probe (5) is installed on an opening of an upper cover plate of the lithium battery unit (1), a window glass (4) is arranged at the opening position, and the raman sensing probe (5) emits laser to the interior of the lithium battery unit (1) through the window glass (4) and receives a scattered raman spectrum of gas.
6. The optical fiber sensing system for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of the lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe (9) adopts a dynamic calibration method to realize on-line compensation of calibration parameters.
7. The optical fiber sensing system for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the raman sensing probe (5) is calibrated by a rayleigh scattering normalization algorithm.
8. The optical fiber grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe is applied to the optical fiber sensing system for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of the lithium battery according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and is characterized by comprising a pressure optical fiber grating (17) and a temperature optical fiber grating (18) which are hermetically arranged in a shell (20), wherein an elastic membrane (15) is arranged at the end part of the shell (20), external pressure directly acts on the elastic membrane (15), the elastic membrane (15) is connected with one end of the pressure optical fiber grating (17) through a dowel bar (21), and the other end of the pressure optical fiber grating (17) is stretched and fixed through a fixing adhesive (19); both ends of the temperature fiber grating (18) are fixed through fixing glue (19) in a loose state, the temperature fiber grating (18) can sense the temperature of the pressure fiber grating (17), and the temperature of the pressure fiber grating (17) is compensated.
9. The fiber bragg grating gas temperature pressure composite sensing probe of claim 8, wherein the pressure fiber bragg grating (17) and the temperature fiber bragg grating (18) are encapsulated together in a capillary sleeve (16).
10. The fiber bragg grating gas temperature and pressure composite sensing probe of claim 8, wherein the material of said housing (20) is 0Cr13 stainless steel.
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| CN202410062364.6A CN117907851A (en) | 2024-01-16 | 2024-01-16 | Optical fiber sensing system for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of lithium battery and composite sensing probe |
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| CN202410062364.6A CN117907851A (en) | 2024-01-16 | 2024-01-16 | Optical fiber sensing system for multi-parameter on-line monitoring of lithium battery and composite sensing probe |
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