CN111272344A - Battery leakage detector and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Battery leakage detector and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111272344A CN111272344A CN202010155216.0A CN202010155216A CN111272344A CN 111272344 A CN111272344 A CN 111272344A CN 202010155216 A CN202010155216 A CN 202010155216A CN 111272344 A CN111272344 A CN 111272344A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/002—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using thermal means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/16—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
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Abstract
The invention provides a battery leakage detector, which comprises a detector box body, a detector box cover and a power supply, wherein a detection device is arranged in the detector box body, and the detection device comprises a PCB module with a single chip microcomputer, and a temperature and humidity sensor, an ethylene glycol sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor and a communication interface which are arranged on the PCB module; the battery leakage detector makes up the function insufficiency of the existing battery BMS system of the electric automobile, carries out targeted monitoring on the leakage of the battery electrolyte and the leakage of the cooling liquid, and plays the functions of discovering the thermal runaway phenomenon of the battery pack in advance and alarming in advance. Due to the application of various sensors, the battery detection function is more comprehensive, hidden dangers caused by battery leakage are checked one by one, and the safety of the battery in the use process is really guaranteed. Meanwhile, the detector also provides the functions of signal uploading and real-time alarming, and protects driving and navigation in all directions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of new energy automobile industry, and particularly relates to a battery leakage detector and a detection method thereof.
Background
With the rise of the new energy automobile industry, the safety of the electric automobile battery is concerned. The automobile battery is detected according to the national safety standard before leaving the factory, but the factory detection cannot completely simulate the real use environment, and the accident caused by leakage when the battery is abnormal in the actual use process cannot be avoided.
The leakage of the battery of the electric automobile in the use process mainly comprises the leakage of electrolyte or cooling liquid under the condition of mechanical triggering, for example, the automobile is impacted by external force and punctured by foreign matters; also included are "thermal triggering" conditions, such as overcharge and overdischarge of a certain cell, internal short circuit, etc., which may result in the explosion of an explosion-proof valve above the battery pack, and the leakage of heat and flammable gases. The above situation is developed, if the monitoring is not carried out in time and an alarm is given in advance, the thermal runaway phenomenon of the battery continuously spreads, so that the automobile is burnt and explodes.
The 'electric vehicle safety report' issued by hundreds of Chinese electric vehicles in 2016 shows that the number of the occurrence of the domestic electric vehicle safety accidents is counted, namely 5 times in 2011, 3 times in 2012, 7 times in 2013, 5 times in 2014, 14 times in 2015 and 15 times in the first half of 2016. The accident rate of the electric automobile is seen to rise year by year, wherein the accident rate is up to 47% due to the spontaneous combustion of the automobile battery, the accident rate is 33% due to over-charging and discharging, impact and water pollution, and the accident rate is 10% in other cases. In 2019, the safety problem of the electric automobile is emphatically emphasized on a research conference of 'ten-year development summary and future prospect of new energy automobiles' held by hundreds of Chinese electric automobiles in 1 month.
The BMS (battery management system) of the battery of the electric automobile is only monitored from the aspects of the working state (current and voltage) of the battery pack and the temperature of the battery, and mainly aims at the problem that the abnormal condition of the battery is generated, and the potential safety hazard problem of the battery caused by external factors is lack of a monitoring means. Conventional safety products in the market generally alarm based on after the smog happens, namely alarm and processing are carried out when the accident happens, the early warning function can not be realized, and the accident can not be prevented.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the battery leakage detector which is used for monitoring the leakage condition of the BMS by applying the high-precision sensor in a targeted manner, so that the defects of a battery management system of the electric automobile are overcome, and double guarantees are provided for the use of the safety of the battery. When the battery has slight leakage fault, the alarm is given to remind the vehicle owner to replace the battery so as to prevent larger potential safety hazard.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the battery leakage detector comprises a detector box body, a detector box cover and a power supply, wherein a detection device is arranged in the detector box body, and the detection device comprises a PCB module with a single chip microcomputer, and a temperature and humidity sensor, an ethylene glycol sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor and a communication interface which are arranged on the PCB module; the temperature and humidity sensor, the ethylene glycol sensor, the carbon monoxide sensor and the power supply are all electrically connected with the single chip microcomputer.
Further, still including installing the hydrogen fluoride sensor on the PCB module, the hydrogen fluoride sensor is connected with the singlechip electricity.
Furthermore, the detector box cover is designed in a hollow mode. The response speed of the sensor detection is not influenced.
Further, the detector box body and the detector box cover are made of aluminum alloy materials.
Furthermore, the communication interface is a CAN communication interface and CAN be connected to a vehicle-mounted control panel to transmit the detection signal to the vehicle-mounted control panel for displaying and alarming.
Further, the battery leakage detector is installed inside the sealed battery box.
The invention also provides a battery leakage detection method realized by the battery leakage detector, which comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a temperature and humidity sensor, an ethylene glycol sensor and a carbon monoxide sensor start to detect;
secondly, acquiring the temperature and humidity detected by a temperature and humidity sensor, the glycol concentration detected by a glycol sensor and the CO concentration value detected by a carbon monoxide sensor by a singlechip;
step three, if the CO concentration acquired in the step two reaches a CO concentration threshold value and the temperature variation in unit time reaches a temperature variation threshold value in unit time, giving a thermal runaway alarm warning;
and step four, if the glycol concentration acquired in the step two reaches a glycol concentration threshold value and the humidity variation amount in unit time reaches a humidity variation threshold value in unit time, giving a cooling liquid leakage alarm.
Further, the system also comprises a hydrogen fluoride sensor for detecting, and the singlechip acquires the HF concentration detected by the hydrogen fluoride sensor; and when the HF concentration reaches an HF concentration threshold value, giving a battery electrolyte leakage alarm.
Furthermore, if the single chip microcomputer finds that the sampling value of any sensor is abnormal, an alarm is given to the corresponding sensor for abnormity, and maintenance or replacement is needed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the battery leakage detector is a real-time data processing system which takes a multi-element sensor as a core and realizes intelligent analysis and random alarming functions through a single chip microcomputer (such as STM32F103ZET6), and the design of the structure and the function of the system is suitable for vehicle-mounted use. The battery leakage detector has the advantages of small box body, small occupied space, stability, durability and guarantee of safety and reliability of detection work. Adopt CAN communication interface, CAN be connected to on-vehicle control panel, come out the detected signal transmission, be convenient for show and report to the police.
The (CH2OH)2 glycol, CO carbon monoxide, temperature and humidity sensing units are innovatively integrated together, and the integration does not simply assemble various sensors together, but the units monitor cooperatively, analyze intelligently and realize monitoring and alarming functions more effectively.
The battery of the electric automobile mainly maintains the balance and stability of the working temperature through the cooling liquid. The cooling liquid mainly comprises glycol and water, and the glycol has inflammability. In order to avoid the interference caused by electrolyte leakage (the electrolyte ester solvent is easy to hydrolyze to generate alcohol substances when meeting air), a humidity sensor is used to provide double guarantee, and the accuracy of a judgment result is ensured. The cooling liquid leaks, and ethylene glycol and water leak in the battery box simultaneously, judges jointly through monitoring ethylene glycol gas concentration and the humidity change situation in the battery box in certain time. Before the leakage amount of the cooling liquid does not reach the safety limit of the battery, an alarm signal is sent in advance, so that a vehicle owner has time to replace and maintain, and a larger accident is avoided.
The battery of the electric automobile releases heat and oxygen due to the occurrence of an abnormality of a certain electric core, such as overcharge and overdischarge, an internal short circuit, and the like, and decomposes to generate CO gas, wherein CO has flammability. The pressure in the battery pack shell is overlarge due to the continuously generated heat and gas, the explosion-proof valve is firstly broken, and then the heat and the gas are flushed out into the battery box; the CO and carbon monoxide sensor and the temperature sensor can be used, the leakage condition is judged together by monitoring the concentration of CO gas and the temperature change condition in the battery box within a certain time, and the alarm is given in advance before the safety concentration of combustion or explosion is exceeded, so that the safety of the automobile is ensured. If the electrolyte leaks, the ester solvent is also decomposed to generate CO gas when contacting with air, and the temperature sensor is also used for double judgment, so that the accuracy of the conclusion is ensured.
In order to improve the driving range, lithium batteries are widely used in electric vehicles. The lithium battery electrolyte has a solute of a lithium salt such as LiPF6 (lithium hexafluorophosphate) and a solvent mainly of an organic solvent such as DMC (dimethyl carbonate) and EC (ethylene carbonate). When the electrolyte of the battery leaks, the solute LiPF6 is easy to hydrolyze and unstable when meeting air, and HF gas is easy to generate and has strong corrosivity and toxicity. The leakage detector can also be matched with an HF hydrogen fluoride sensor, and the gas concentration value is determined by measuring the magnitude of an electric signal by applying the electrochemical principle. The high-precision HF-HF sensor is used for detecting the electrolyte leakage in a targeted manner, the precision of the HF-HF sensor reaches 0.1ppm, and the electrolyte leakage can be detected in a very small amount. The detection range of the battery leakage detector is increased.
The battery leakage detector makes up the function deficiency of the existing battery BMS system of the electric automobile, carries out targeted monitoring on the leakage of the battery electrolyte and the leakage of the cooling liquid, and plays the functions of discovering the thermal runaway phenomenon of the battery pack in advance and alarming in advance. Due to the application of various sensors, the battery detection function is more comprehensive, hidden dangers caused by battery leakage are checked one by one, and the safety of the battery in the use process is really guaranteed. Meanwhile, the detector also provides the functions of signal uploading and real-time alarming, and protects driving and navigation in all directions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a battery leak detector;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the interior of the battery leak detector;
FIG. 3 is a battery leak detection system layout;
FIG. 4 is a working schematic diagram of a single chip microcomputer;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of the program for executing the instructions by the single chip microcomputer.
In the figure: 1. a detector box cover (hollow design); 2. a detector box body; 3. (CH2OH)2 ethylene glycol sensor; 4. a CO carbon monoxide sensor; 5. a temperature and humidity sensor; 6. an HF hydrogen fluoride sensor; 7. a PCB module; 8. a CAN interface; 9. a battery box; 10. a battery leakage detector; 11. a cooling plate; 12. battery pack (n pack).
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the battery leakage detector mainly comprises an aluminum alloy case 2, a PCB module 7 (single chip microcomputer control system), (CH2OH)2, a glycol sensor 3 (e.g., EC Sense glycol sensor), a CO carbon monoxide sensor 4 (e.g., ZE07-CO), an HF hydrogen fluoride sensor 6 (e.g., EC4-HF-10), a temperature and humidity sensor 5 (e.g., BME280), a CAN interface 8, and an aluminum alloy case cover 1. The box cover is designed in a hollow mode, and the response speed of detection of the sensor is not affected.
As shown in fig. 3, the battery case 9 has a sealed structure. A plurality of battery packs 12 are placed in a battery box, a cooling plate 11 (containing cooling liquid therein) is located below the battery packs 12, and a battery leakage detector 10 is placed in the battery box 9.
The battery leakage detector is a real-time data processing system which takes a multi-element sensor as a core and realizes intelligent analysis and random alarming functions through a single chip microcomputer (such as STM32F103ZET6), and the design of the structure and the function of the system is suitable for vehicle-mounted use. The battery leakage detector has the advantages of small box body, small occupied space, stability, durability and guarantee of safe and reliable detection work. Adopt CAN communication interface, CAN be connected to on-vehicle control panel, come out the detected signal transmission, be convenient for show and report to the police.
The (CH2OH)2 glycol, CO carbon monoxide, temperature and humidity sensing units are innovatively integrated together, and the integration does not simply assemble various sensors together, but the units monitor in a coordinated mode, intelligently analyze and more effectively achieve the monitoring and alarming functions. The leak detector can also realize more extended monitoring functions by adding an HF hydrogen fluoride sensor.
The battery of the electric automobile mainly maintains the balance and stability of the working temperature through the cooling liquid. The cooling liquid mainly comprises glycol and water, and the glycol has inflammability. In order to avoid the interference caused by electrolyte leakage (the electrolyte ester solvent is easy to hydrolyze to generate alcohol substances when meeting air), a humidity sensor is used to provide double guarantee, and the accuracy of a judgment result is ensured. The cooling liquid leaks, and ethylene glycol and water leak in the battery box simultaneously, judges jointly through monitoring ethylene glycol gas concentration and the humidity change situation in the battery box in certain time. Before the leakage amount of the cooling liquid does not reach the safety limit of the battery, an alarm signal is sent in advance, so that a vehicle owner has time to replace and maintain, and a larger accident is avoided.
Meanwhile, the battery of the electric vehicle releases heat and oxygen due to the occurrence of an abnormality of a certain electric core, such as overcharge, overdischarge, internal short circuit, and the like, and decomposes to generate CO gas, wherein CO has flammability. The pressure in the battery pack shell is overlarge due to the continuously generated heat and gas, the explosion-proof valve is firstly broken, and then the heat and the gas are flushed out into the battery box; the CO and carbon monoxide sensor and the temperature sensor can be used, the leakage condition is judged together by monitoring the concentration of CO gas and the temperature change condition in the battery box within a certain time, and the alarm is given in advance before the safety concentration of combustion or explosion is exceeded, so that the safety of the automobile is ensured. If the electrolyte leaks, the ester solvent is also decomposed to generate CO gas when contacting with air, and the temperature sensor is also used for double judgment, so that the accuracy of the conclusion is ensured.
In addition, in order to improve the driving range, lithium batteries are frequently used in electric vehicles. The lithium battery electrolyte has a solute of a lithium salt such as LiPF6 (lithium hexafluorophosphate) and a solvent mainly of an organic solvent such as DMC (dimethyl carbonate) and EC (ethylene carbonate). When the electrolyte of the battery leaks, the solute LiPF6 is easy to hydrolyze and unstable when meeting air, and HF gas is easy to generate and has strong corrosivity and toxicity. The leakage detector can also be matched with an HF hydrogen fluoride sensor, and the gas concentration value is determined by measuring the magnitude of an electric signal by applying the electrochemical principle. The high-precision HF-HF sensor is used for detecting the electrolyte leakage in a targeted manner, the precision of the HF-HF sensor reaches 0.1ppm, and the electrolyte leakage can be detected in a very small amount. The detection range of the battery leakage detector is increased.
The working principle of the single chip microcomputer of the battery leakage detector is shown in figure 4. The system carries out condition judgment through data obtained by monitoring various sensors in real time, analyzes various conditions of battery leakage and gives an alarm prompt. The program flow chart of the single chip microcomputer is shown in figure 5. When the concentration of the glycol gas reaches a threshold value (recommended 20ppm, which can be defined according to user requirements), the humidity variation (humidity rises by 5% RH within 5 minutes, which can also be defined according to user requirements) in the battery box in unit time is combined, and after comprehensive analysis, a battery coolant leakage alarm is given; when the concentration of the CO gas reaches a threshold value (recommended 300ppm, which can also be defined according to user requirements), the temperature variation in the battery box within unit time is combined (the temperature rises by 15 ℃ within 15 seconds, which can also be defined according to user requirements), and after comprehensive analysis, a battery thermal runaway alarm is given; if the HF gas concentration is determined to reach a threshold (3 ppm recommended, which may also be defined according to user requirements), a battery electrolyte leakage alarm is given. If the single chip microcomputer system finds that the sampling value of any sensor is abnormal, the sensor is given an abnormal alarm, and maintenance or replacement is needed.
The battery leakage detector provides multiple guarantees for the battery of the electric automobile, and various sensors monitor the battery in real time in an all-round mode. According to the degree of leakage risk, designing a program flow reasonably; and the execution instruction rings are buckled with each other, so that the accuracy of alarm is ensured, and the false alarm rate of accidents is avoided.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. Battery leakage detector, its characterized in that: the detector comprises a detector box body (2), a detector box cover (1) and a power supply, wherein a detection device is arranged in the detector box body (2), and the detection device comprises a PCB module (7) with a single chip microcomputer, and a temperature and humidity sensor (5), an ethylene glycol sensor (3), a carbon monoxide sensor (4) and a communication interface (8) which are arranged on the PCB module (7); the temperature and humidity sensor (5), the ethylene glycol sensor (3), the carbon monoxide sensor (4) and the power supply are all electrically connected with the single chip microcomputer.
2. The battery leak detector of claim 1, wherein: the hydrogen fluoride sensor is characterized by further comprising a hydrogen fluoride sensor (6) arranged on the PCB module (7), wherein the hydrogen fluoride sensor (6) is electrically connected with the single chip microcomputer.
3. The battery leak detector of claim 1, wherein: the detector box cover (1) is designed in a hollow mode.
4. The battery leak detector of claim 1, wherein: the detector box body (2) and the detector box cover (1) are both made of aluminum alloy materials.
5. The battery leak detector of claim 1, wherein: the communication interface (8) is a CAN communication interface and CAN be connected to a vehicle-mounted control panel to transmit a detection signal to the vehicle-mounted control panel for displaying and alarming.
6. The battery leak detector of claim 1, wherein: the battery leakage detector is arranged in a sealed battery box (9).
7. A battery leak detection method implemented by using the battery leak detector according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a temperature and humidity sensor, an ethylene glycol sensor and a carbon monoxide sensor start to detect;
secondly, acquiring the temperature and humidity detected by a temperature and humidity sensor, the glycol concentration detected by a glycol sensor and the CO concentration value detected by a carbon monoxide sensor by a singlechip;
step three, if the CO concentration acquired in the step two reaches a CO concentration threshold value and the temperature variation in unit time reaches a temperature variation threshold value in unit time, giving a thermal runaway alarm warning;
and step four, if the glycol concentration acquired in the step two reaches a glycol concentration threshold value and the humidity variation amount in unit time reaches a humidity variation threshold value in unit time, giving a cooling liquid leakage alarm.
8. The battery leak detection method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the system also comprises a hydrogen fluoride sensor for detection, and the singlechip acquires the HF concentration detected by the hydrogen fluoride sensor; and when the HF concentration reaches an HF concentration threshold value, giving a battery electrolyte leakage alarm.
9. The battery leakage detection method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: if the singlechip finds that the sampling value of any sensor is abnormal, the corresponding sensor is given an abnormal alarm, and the corresponding sensor needs to be maintained or replaced.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112180262A (en) * | 2020-09-26 | 2021-01-05 | 上海普法芬电子科技有限公司 | Method for testing thermal runaway of automobile battery under extreme condition |
| CN113670522A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-19 | 恒大新能源技术(深圳)有限公司 | Liquid leakage detection method, liquid leakage detection device, and liquid leakage detection system |
| CN113670540A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-11-19 | 上海普法芬电子科技有限公司 | Detection method for detecting electrolyte leakage during battery offline |
| CN114777835A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2022-07-22 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Composite detection method for safety of battery mobile phone |
| CN116359759A (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-06-30 | 苏州精控能源科技有限公司 | Large-scale energy storage battery pack thermal runaway detection device, method and storage medium |
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