CN108871557B - Vibration detection device and method for predicting thermal runaway of lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Vibration detection device and method for predicting thermal runaway of lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN108871557B CN108871557B CN201810943702.1A CN201810943702A CN108871557B CN 108871557 B CN108871557 B CN 108871557B CN 201810943702 A CN201810943702 A CN 201810943702A CN 108871557 B CN108871557 B CN 108871557B
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- lithium ion
- thermal runaway
- vibration sensor
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- CJDNEKOMKXLSBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3-(4-chlorophenyl)benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 CJDNEKOMKXLSBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vibration detection device and a method for predicting thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery, and relates to a thermal runaway detection device and a method for 18650 type lithium ion battery in the storage and transportation processes, which can early warn in time after a battery valve is opened. Comprises a battery box and detection processing equipment; the battery box consists of a box body and a top cover; a battery accommodating cavity is arranged in the box body, and a connecting hole is respectively arranged above and below the side surface of the box body; a PCB board is embedded in the top cover and used for connecting detection processing equipment; the detection processing equipment comprises a vibration detection control part, a data display part, an alarm device part, a vibration detection part and a cooling device; the vibration sensor sends the collected vibration signal to the control part, the control part sends instructions to the alarm device part, the data display part and the cooling device, the alarm device part gives an alarm, the data display part displays the position of the out-of-control battery, and the cooling device cools the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a vibration detection device and a method for predicting thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery, and relates to a thermal runaway detection device and a method for 18650 type lithium ion battery in the storage and transportation processes, which can early warn in time after a battery valve is opened.
Background
In the 21 st century, the traditional energy sources of petroleum, coal mines and the like are increasingly exhausted, and the residual petroleum, coal mines and the like on the earth are insufficient for maintaining long-term use of human beings. In order to obtain a larger energy utilization rate with limited resources, electrochemical energy has begun to gradually replace traditional energy, and is an important energy source in daily life of human beings.
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of small volume, large specific energy, small environmental pollution and the like, and has been widely applied in the fields of electronic equipment, power energy sources and the like. However, the safety of the lithium ion battery is also concerned by people due to the characteristics of high specific energy and the like of the lithium ion battery.
During the storage and transportation of the lithium ion battery, a fire explosion accident may be caused by the thermal runaway of external environment change or self-reaction inside the battery. When the temperature rises, the safety valve opens and releases a part of the gas due to the gas generated inside the battery and the pressure is excessively large. This is accompanied by vibration generation. Therefore, a set of special equipment is urgently needed, vibration generated by the battery is monitored in real time, and cooling treatment is carried out on the battery or the battery pack in time after the safety valve is opened, so that the occurrence of thermal runaway is prevented, and the risk of fire explosion accidents caused by the thermal runaway of the battery is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vibration detection device and a method for predicting thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery, which can monitor vibration of the battery in real time, and timely cool down the battery or a battery pack after a safety valve is opened so as to prevent the thermal runaway, thereby reducing the risk of fire explosion accidents caused by the thermal runaway of the battery.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a vibration detection device for predicting thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery comprises a battery box and detection processing equipment; the battery box consists of a box body and a top cover; a battery accommodating cavity is arranged in the box body, and a connecting hole is respectively arranged above and below the side surface of the box body and is respectively used for connecting a liquid nitrogen bottle and an external space; a PCB (printed circuit board) is embedded in the top cover and is used for connecting detection processing equipment;
the detection processing equipment comprises a vibration detection control part, a data display part, an alarm device part, a vibration detection part and a cooling device; the vibration detection part adopts a vibration sensor which is arranged on the PCB above the battery accommodating cavity; the control part comprises a singlechip and a vibration sensor pin interface, the output end of the vibration sensor is connected with the vibration sensor pin interface, the vibration sensor pin interface is connected with the singlechip through a signal wire, and the alarm device part, the data display part and the cooling device are respectively connected with the control part; the vibration sensor sends the collected vibration signal to the control part, the control part sends instructions to the alarm device part, the data display part and the cooling device, the alarm device part gives an alarm, the data display part displays the position of the out-of-control battery, and the cooling device cools the battery to inhibit the out-of-control reaction of the battery.
The data display part adopts a commercially available LED display screen, and the data display part is arranged on the front surface of the battery box, so that the vibration condition of vibration detection equipment corresponding to each battery in the battery box can be displayed on line in real time.
The alarm device part adopts a color LED indicator lamp and a buzzer; the LED indicator lamps are arranged on the PCB of the top cover, the number of the LED indicator lamps is the same as that of the batteries arranged in the battery accommodating cavity, the LED indicator lamps correspond to the battery accommodating cavity and are respectively used for indicating the vibration of the batteries in the battery accommodating cavity, and the buzzer is arranged on the box body.
The battery accommodating chambers are arranged in three rows and three columns so that 9 18650 lithium ion battery devices can be stored in each battery case.
The LED indicator lamp adopts a commercially available color LED indicator lamp.
A spring is arranged on the PCB at the upper part of the battery accommodating cavity and connected with the miniature vibration sensors so as to ensure that each vibration sensor can be in close contact with the battery.
And if the battery is out of control, the pressure in the device is increased, the rupture disk is broken, and the pressure is released, so that the accident is prevented from being enlarged.
The cooling device consists of a special liquid nitrogen bottle, nitrogen is injected into the device through a valve at the upper part of the liquid nitrogen bottle before normal use, and liquid nitrogen is injected into the device through a valve at the lower part after the vibration sensor detects vibration so as to cool the battery.
Working principle: when the vibration detection device for predicting thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery works, the vibration sensor receives a vibration signal of the detected battery, the vibration signal is sent to the singlechip through a pin interface and a circuit of the vibration sensor, and the singlechip judges the vibration signal. And the singlechip judges whether the detected battery is opened according to the set vibration threshold value and drives the LED indicator lamp, the buzzer, the LED display screen and the cooling device to work. The vibration sensor externally connected with the vibration sensor pin interface is a high-sensitivity miniature omnibearing vibration sensor, is in a non-working state in a static state, and is in a trigger state when being subjected to any degree of action, so that a pulse signal wake-up circuit is arranged. The sensor sensitivity is high, even when the sensor is static, any uncertainty factor of the environment can occasionally trigger signals, so that the sensor sensitivity can be debugged through software setting and capacitance setting, and the influence of the uncertainty factor of the external environment and the like is eliminated.
A detection method of a vibration detection device for predicting thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
1) Before normal use, the valve at the upper part of the liquid nitrogen bottle is opened, and the oxygen concentration in the device is reduced by purging and inerting; when the oxygen concentration in the device is lower than 0.1%, closing the valve at the upper part of the liquid nitrogen bottle;
2) The vibration sensor monitors the vibration condition of the corresponding battery, feeds data back to the singlechip, and performs analysis and comparison by the singlechip to calculate the position of the battery with the largest amplitude, and displays the vibration condition of each monitored battery on the LED display screen;
2-1) when the vibration sensor does not detect vibration, the device is in a normal running state, and the LED indicator lamp corresponding to the battery displays green;
2-2) when the vibration sensor detects vibration, the LED indicator lamp corresponding to the battery with the largest amplitude flashes in red, and the LED indicator lamps corresponding to other batteries flash in yellow; a valve at the lower part of the liquid nitrogen bottle is opened, and liquid nitrogen is filled into the device to reduce the temperature of the battery; the buzzer sends out alarm sound to remind personnel that the battery has opened the valve, handles the battery to avoid the battery further thermal runaway and lead to the fire explosion accident.
The invention is used as a thermal runaway vibration detection device and a method for 18650 type lithium ion batteries in the storage and transportation processes, and has the advantages of simple operation, real-time monitoring, runaway alarm, runaway inhibition and the like. The lithium ion battery monitoring system can monitor the vibration of the battery in real time in the storage and transportation processes of the lithium ion battery, and alarm and cool down the opened battery to inhibit further runaway of the lithium battery, prevent a plurality of batteries from being linked and out of control due to the out of control of a single battery, and prevent the further expansion of the thermal runaway accident of the lithium ion battery. The thermal runaway vibration detection of the lithium ion battery in the storage and transportation processes is aimed at, so that the safety and reliability of the lithium ion battery in the storage and transportation processes are greatly ensured.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a battery compartment portion of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a right side view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a bottom view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the operation of the device of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the LED display screen, 2, nitrogen/liquid nitrogen inlet, 3, nitrogen/liquid nitrogen outlet, 4, rupture disk, 5, LED pilot lamp, 6, buzzer, 7, spring, 8, liquid nitrogen bottle, 9, battery case, 9-1, box body, 9-2, top cap, 10, nitrogen outlet, 11, liquid nitrogen outlet, 12, battery holding cavity, 13, PCB board.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the vibration detection device for predicting thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery of the invention comprises a battery box 9 and detection processing equipment; the battery box 9 consists of a box body 9-1 and a top cover 9-2; a battery accommodating cavity 12 is arranged in the box body 9-1; the upper and lower sides of the side surface of the box body 9-1 are respectively provided with a connecting hole which is respectively used for connecting a liquid nitrogen bottle and an external space, and in the embodiment, the connecting holes are respectively a nitrogen/liquid nitrogen inlet 2 and a nitrogen/liquid nitrogen outlet 3; a PCB 13 (printed circuit board) is embedded in the top cover 9-2 and is used for connecting detection processing equipment;
the detection processing equipment comprises a vibration detection control part, a data display part, an alarm device part, a vibration detection part and a cooling device; the vibration detection part adopts a vibration sensor which is arranged on a PCB 13 above the battery accommodating cavity 12; the control part comprises a singlechip and a vibration sensor pin interface, the output end of the vibration sensor is connected with the vibration sensor pin interface, the vibration sensor pin interface is connected with the singlechip through a signal wire, and the alarm device part, the data display part and the cooling device are respectively connected with the control part; the vibration sensor sends the collected vibration signal to the control part, the control part sends instructions to the alarm device part, the data display part and the cooling device, the alarm device part gives an alarm, the data display part displays the position of the out-of-control battery, and the cooling device cools the battery to inhibit the out-of-control reaction of the battery.
The data display part adopts a commercially available LED display screen 1, and is arranged on the front surface of the battery box 9, so that the vibration condition of the vibration detection equipment corresponding to each battery in the battery box can be displayed on line in real time.
The alarm device part adopts a color LED indicator lamp and a buzzer; the LED indicator lamps 5 are arranged on the PCB 13 of the top cover 9-2, the number of the LED indicator lamps 5 is the same as that of the batteries in the battery accommodating cavity 12, the LED indicator lamps 5 correspond to the battery accommodating cavity 12 and are respectively used for indicating the vibration of the batteries in the battery accommodating cavity 12, and the buzzer 6 is arranged on the box body 9-1.
The battery receiving chambers 12 are arranged in three rows and three columns so that 9 18650 lithium ion battery devices can be stored in each battery case.
The LED indicator lamp 5 is a commercially available color LED indicator lamp.
A spring 7 is provided on the PCB board at the upper portion of the battery receiving chamber 12, and the spring 7 is connected to the micro vibration sensor to ensure that each vibration sensor is in close contact with the battery.
And the rupture disk 4 is arranged on the top cover, and if the battery is out of control, the rupture disk 4 breaks and releases pressure due to the increase of the internal pressure of the device so as to prevent the expansion of accidents.
The cooling device consists of a special liquid nitrogen bottle 8, nitrogen is injected into the device through a nitrogen outlet 10 by a valve at the upper part of the liquid nitrogen bottle 8 before normal use, and liquid nitrogen is injected into the device through a liquid nitrogen outlet 11 by a valve at the lower part after vibration is detected by the vibration sensor to cool the battery.
The device is suitable for the storage and charge-discharge processes of 18650 lithium ion batteries, and the battery box size is 60mm 70mm 75mm.
The method of using the device is described below by way of example with reference to fig. 5.
When the device is used, nitrogen is injected into the device through the valve at the upper part of the liquid nitrogen bottle, and the oxygen content in the device is reduced to below 0.1% through nitrogen blowing inerting. Inerting formula by purgeAvailable, required nitrogen 1695mL.
Now, assuming that 9 18650 lithium ion batteries are stored in the device, the early warning method comprises the following steps:
1) The vibration sensor monitors the vibration condition of the corresponding battery, feeds data back to the singlechip, analyzes and compares the data to calculate the position of the battery with the largest amplitude, and displays the vibration condition of each monitored battery on the LED display screen.
2) When the vibration sensor does not detect vibration, the device is in a normal running state, and the LED indicator lamp corresponding to the battery displays green.
3) When the vibration sensor detects vibration, the singlechip compares a signal detected by the vibration sensor with a set threshold value, and if the maximum amplitude exceeds the set threshold value, the LED indicator lamp corresponding to the battery with the maximum amplitude flashes in red, and the LED indicator lamps corresponding to other batteries flash in yellow; a valve at the lower part of the liquid nitrogen bottle is opened, and liquid nitrogen is filled into the device to reduce the temperature of the battery; the buzzer sends out alarm sound to remind personnel that the battery has opened the valve, handles the battery to avoid the battery further thermal runaway and lead to the fire explosion accident.
In the embodiment of the invention, the vibration sensor is an omnibearing vibration sensor (high sensitivity) produced by Yinte corporation, the buzzer is a commercially available buzzer, the LED indicator lamp is a commercially available color LED indicator lamp, and the LED display screen is a commercially available LED display screen.
Claims (7)
1. A vibration detection device for predicting thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery is characterized in that: comprises a battery box and detection processing equipment; the battery box consists of a box body and a top cover; a battery accommodating cavity is arranged in the box body, and a connecting hole is respectively arranged above and below the side surface of the box body and is respectively used for connecting a liquid nitrogen bottle and an external space; a PCB board is embedded in the top cover and used for connecting detection processing equipment;
the detection processing equipment comprises a vibration detection control part, a data display part, an alarm device part, a vibration detection part and a cooling device; the vibration detection part adopts a vibration sensor which is arranged on the PCB above the battery accommodating cavity; the control part comprises a singlechip and a vibration sensor pin interface, the output end of the vibration sensor is connected with the vibration sensor pin interface, the vibration sensor pin interface is connected with the singlechip through a signal wire, and the alarm device part, the data display part and the cooling device are respectively connected with the control part; the vibration sensor sends the collected vibration signal to the control part, the control part sends instructions to the alarm device part, the data display part and the cooling device, the alarm device part gives an alarm, the data display part displays the position of the out-of-control battery, and the cooling device cools the battery to inhibit the out-of-control reaction of the battery;
the alarm device part adopts a color LED indicator lamp and a buzzer; the LED indicator lamps are arranged on the PCB of the top cover, the number of the LED indicator lamps is the same as that of the batteries in the battery accommodating cavity, the LED indicator lamps correspond to the battery accommodating cavity and are respectively used for indicating the vibration of the batteries in the battery accommodating cavity, and the buzzer is arranged on the box body;
a spring is arranged on the PCB at the upper part of the battery accommodating cavity and connected with the miniature vibration sensors so as to ensure that each vibration sensor can be in close contact with the battery.
2. The vibration detection device for predicting thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein: the data display part adopts an LED display screen, and is arranged on the front surface of the battery box and used for displaying the vibration condition of the vibration detection equipment corresponding to each battery in the battery box on line in real time.
3. The vibration detection device for predicting thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein: the battery accommodating chambers are arranged in three rows and three columns so that 9 18650 lithium ion battery devices can be stored in each battery box.
4. The vibration detection device for predicting thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein: the LED indicator lamp adopts a color LED indicator lamp.
5. The vibration detection device for predicting thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein: and if the battery is out of control, the pressure in the device is increased, the rupture disk is broken, and the pressure is released, so that the accident is prevented from being enlarged.
6. The vibration detection device for predicting thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein: the cooling device consists of a special liquid nitrogen bottle.
7. The detection method of the vibration detection device for predicting thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
1) Before normal use, the valve at the upper part of the liquid nitrogen bottle is opened, and the oxygen concentration in the device is reduced by purging and inerting; when the oxygen concentration in the device is lower than 0.1%, closing the valve at the upper part of the liquid nitrogen bottle;
2) The vibration sensor monitors the vibration condition of the corresponding battery, feeds data back to the singlechip, and performs analysis and comparison by the singlechip to calculate the position of the battery with the largest amplitude, and displays the vibration condition of each monitored battery on the LED display screen;
2-1) when the vibration sensor does not detect vibration, the device is in a normal running state, and the LED indicator lamp corresponding to the battery displays green;
2-2) when the vibration sensor detects vibration, the LED indicator lamp corresponding to the battery with the largest amplitude flashes in red, and the LED indicator lamps corresponding to other batteries flash in yellow; a valve at the lower part of the liquid nitrogen bottle is opened, and liquid nitrogen is filled into the device to reduce the temperature of the battery; the buzzer sends out alarm sound to remind personnel that the battery has opened the valve, handles the battery to avoid the battery further thermal runaway and lead to the fire explosion accident.
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| CN201810943702.1A CN108871557B (en) | 2018-08-18 | 2018-08-18 | Vibration detection device and method for predicting thermal runaway of lithium ion battery |
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| CN111103404B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2023-12-05 | 国联汽车动力电池研究院有限责任公司 | Analysis device and method for thermal runaway tail gas of power battery |
| CN113393633B (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2023-09-26 | 西安忠舍天域新能源安全技术有限公司 | Deflagration fire detection method and novel deflagration fire detector |
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