CN117899797A - Tree-type multistage reactor - Google Patents
Tree-type multistage reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN117899797A CN117899797A CN202410312378.9A CN202410312378A CN117899797A CN 117899797 A CN117899797 A CN 117899797A CN 202410312378 A CN202410312378 A CN 202410312378A CN 117899797 A CN117899797 A CN 117899797A
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 142
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000012719 thermal polymerization Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000807 Ga alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Pb] LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tree-type multistage reactor, which comprises: a plurality of reactor units, connect gradually from top to bottom, the reactor unit includes: the reaction cavity is provided with a feed inlet, a pressure compensating port and a cleaning port which are connected with the outside; the communication assembly comprises a through hole formed at the joint of the two adjacent reaction cavities, and a converter arranged on the through hole, wherein the converter is provided with a first station state which enables the upper and lower adjacent reaction cavities to be communicated and not communicated with the outside of the reaction cavities, a second station state which is not communicated with the two adjacent reaction cavities and the outside of the reaction cavities, and a third station state which is communicated with the upper reaction cavities in the two adjacent reaction cavities and is simultaneously communicated with the upper reaction cavities; a stirring assembly including a stirrer and a driver for driving the stirrer to rotate; and the heating component is arranged outside the reaction cavities. The invention has the advantages of avoiding pipeline connection, implementing multistage continuous reaction, and adjusting and controlling the quality of mesophase pitch.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of equipment for preparing carbon fibers from asphalt. More particularly, the present invention relates to a tree-type multistage reactor.
Background
The thermal polymerization of raw materials at a certain temperature and pressure is an important technique for chemical products. In the thermal polymerization reaction process, strong stirring is required continuously, local overheating and overtemperature are prevented, the reaction is uniform, meanwhile, the reactor is required to be thoroughly cleaned after the reaction is completed, residual materials cannot exist, the residual materials are prevented from continuing to react in the next reaction, the over-reaction is caused, the product performance is greatly reduced, and the high-quality requirement is not met.
In the preparation of intermediate phase asphalt by asphalt thermal polymerization, the reaction time and the reaction temperature of thermal polymerization are very important, the thermal polymerization reaction is insufficient, asphalt cannot be completely converted into intermediate phase asphalt, partial intermediate phase asphalt overreaction is easy to occur for a long time, the intermediate phase asphalt is a raw material for preparing carbon fibers, in the preparation of the carbon fibers by the intermediate phase asphalt, the required temperature is slightly lower than the thermal polymerization temperature, meanwhile, the quality requirement of the intermediate phase is very harsh, the proportion of the intermediate phase asphalt directly influences the quality of the carbon fibers, and the temperature of the intermediate phase asphalt for preparing carbon fiber filaments is similar to the thermal polymerization reaction temperature of asphalt for converting the intermediate phase asphalt, so that the intermediate phase asphalt after the thermal polymerization reaction can be directly used for manufacturing the carbon fibers in order to save energy consumption.
Because the temperature is also very high in the wire drawing process, in order to prevent the intermediate phase pitch from over-reacting, the ideal state is that the wire drawing is carried out on the intermediate phase pitch just generated, so that the smaller the container capacity of the reactor is required, the better the yield requirement is met, the multistage reactors are required to be set up, the reaction time of each reactor is reduced, the yield of carbon fibers can be met, the energy consumption can be saved, and meanwhile, according to the product requirement, materials can be added in the reaction time of different reactors to blend the final product components of the intermediate phase pitch, so that the carbon fiber performance is more excellent.
If the traditional single reactor is made into multiple stages, pipeline connection is needed in the middle of each reactor, the condition that the pipeline cannot be cleaned exists due to pipeline connection, the quality of the next product is affected by residual materials each time, and meanwhile, the pipeline is easy to be blocked and difficult to clean, so that according to the condition, an integrated multiple-stage reactor is urgently needed to be developed so as to meet the requirements of the above or other similar working conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages to be described later.
To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a tree-type multistage reactor comprising:
A plurality of reactor units, a plurality of reactor units are connected in order from top to bottom, each reactor unit comprising:
The reaction cavity is provided with a feed inlet, a pressure compensating port and a cleaning port which are connected with the outside, two adjacent reaction cavities are connected in a staggered way, and valves are arranged on the feed inlet, the pressure compensating port and the cleaning port;
The communication assembly comprises a through hole formed at the joint of two adjacent reaction cavities, and a converter arranged on the through hole, wherein the converter is provided with a first station state which enables the upper adjacent reaction cavity and the lower adjacent reaction cavity to be communicated and is not communicated with the outside of the reaction cavity, a second station state which is not communicated with the two adjacent reaction cavities and the outside of the reaction cavity, and a third station state which is communicated with the upper reaction cavity in the two adjacent reaction cavities and is simultaneously communicated with the outside of the upper reaction cavity;
The stirring assembly comprises a stirrer arranged in the reaction cavity and a driver for driving the stirrer to rotate;
and the heating component is arranged outside the reaction cavities.
Preferably, the included angle between the inclination of the reaction cavity and the horizontal plane is 30-60 degrees, the upper part of the through hole is communicated with the bottom of the reaction cavity positioned at the upper part in the two adjacent reaction cavities, and the lower part of the through hole is communicated with the side wall of the reaction cavity positioned at the lower part.
Preferably, a sewage draining channel and a rotating shaft channel are coaxially arranged at the joint of two adjacent reaction cavities, and the sewage draining channel and the rotating shaft channel respectively penetrate through the side wall of the through hole and are communicated with the through hole;
The converter includes:
An upper seal member provided at an upper portion of the through hole, the upper seal member being provided with a first through hole communicating with the through hole;
A lower sealing member arranged at the lower part of the through hole, wherein a second through hole communicated with the through hole is formed in the lower sealing member;
the multi-channel sealing ball is arranged in the through hole, the outer wall of the multi-channel sealing ball is abutted between the upper sealing piece and the lower sealing piece, a first channel and a second channel which is independent from the first channel and is not communicated with the first channel are formed in the radial direction of the multi-channel sealing ball, and one end of the second channel is communicated with the sewage disposal channel;
the rotary driving piece comprises a rotary shaft which is arranged on the rotary shaft channel in a sealing and rotating way, one end of the rotary shaft extends out of the rotary shaft channel, and the other end of the rotary shaft is clamped on the multi-channel sealing ball;
when the rotating shaft is rotated to a first station state, the upper end and the lower end of the first channel are respectively communicated with the first through hole and the second through hole; when the rotating shaft is rotated to a second station state, the outer wall of the multi-channel sealing ball simultaneously seals the first through hole and the second through hole; when the rotating shaft is rotated to a third station state, the outer wall of the multi-channel sealing ball seals the second through hole, and the other end of the second channel is communicated with the first through hole.
Preferably, the upper sealing member comprises an upper sealing seat abutting against the upper wall surface of the multi-channel sealing ball and an annular upper sealing gasket abutting against the top of the upper sealing seat, and the upper sealing seat is provided with the first through hole.
Preferably, the lower sealing element comprises a lower sealing seat, an annular lower sealing gasket, a sealing seat gland and a first packing gland, wherein the lower sealing seat is abutted to the lower wall surface of the multichannel sealing ball, the annular lower sealing gasket is abutted to the bottom of the lower sealing seat, the sealing seat gland is abutted to the lower sealing gasket, the first packing gland is sleeved on the outer side wall of the lower sealing seat and the inner side wall of the sealing seat gland, the outer side wall of the lower sealing seat is recessed inwards in the radial direction to form an annular first platform, the inner side wall of the sealing seat gland is outwards protruded outwards in the radial direction to form an annular second platform, the first platform and the second platform are oppositely arranged to form an annular first accommodating cavity, and the upper limiting sleeve and the lower limiting sleeve in the first accommodating cavity are provided with first springs in a compressed state.
Preferably, the rotary driving piece comprises a rotary shaft movably penetrating through the rotary shaft channel, a second sealing stuffing box sleeved between the outer side wall of the rotary shaft and the inner side wall of the rotary shaft channel, a rotary shaft bracket fixed on the outer wall of the reaction cavity, a bearing seat fixed on the rotary shaft bracket, and a bearing fixed on the bearing seat, wherein one end of the rotary shaft extending out of the rotary shaft channel is penetrated and fixed on the bearing;
The side wall of the multichannel sealing ball is provided with a slot, and the other end of the rotating shaft is clamped in the slot.
Preferably, a drain shaft sleeve is coaxially arranged on the side wall of the multichannel sealing ball and is communicated with the second channel;
still include blowdown subassembly, it includes:
The sewage disposal sealing seat is sleeved in the sewage disposal channel, a third through hole is formed in the sewage disposal sealing seat, one end of the third through hole is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the sewage disposal shaft sleeve, a third sealing stuffing box is sleeved between the inner wall of the third through hole and the outer wall of the sewage disposal shaft sleeve, an annular third platform is outwards protruded along the radial direction of the outer side wall of the sewage disposal sealing seat, and an annular first sealing gasket is sleeved on the third platform;
One end of the drain pipe is sleeved on the outer wall of the third through hole and is abutted to the first sealing gasket, the drain pipe is communicated with the third through hole, and a fourth sealing stuffing box is sleeved between the inner side wall of the drain pipe and the outer side wall of the third through hole; the inner wall of the sewage drain pipe is radially expanded to form an annular fourth platform, the outer wall of the sewage drain sealing seat is radially outwards protruded to form an annular fifth platform, the fourth platform and the fifth platform form a second accommodating cavity, a second spring in a compressed state is sleeved in the second accommodating cavity along the axial direction of the sewage drain pipe, an annular sixth platform is radially outwards protruded to the side wall of the sewage drain pipe close to the sewage drain sealing seat, an annular seventh platform is radially outwards expanded to form an annular inner wall of the sewage drain channel, an annular second sealing gasket is arranged between the sixth platform and the seventh platform, and a fifth sealing stuffing box is sleeved between the side wall of the sewage drain pipe and the side wall of the sewage drain channel;
The sewage drain gland is provided with a fourth through hole communicated with the sewage drain, one end of the sewage drain gland is sleeved at one end of the sewage drain, which is far away from the multi-channel sealing ball, and is abutted to the sixth platform, and the other end of the sewage drain gland is fixed on the reaction cavity.
Preferably, the stirring shaft of the stirrer is sealed and rotated to penetrate through the top of the reaction cavity, and the driver comprises a speed reducer fixed with the stirring shaft and a motor fixed with the speed reducer.
Preferably, the heating assembly comprises a jacket layer sleeved on the outer walls of the reaction cavities and a heat exchange medium filled in the jacket layer.
Preferably, the reaction cavity is provided with a pressure detection instrument and a temperature detection instrument.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
The first and the second invention can lead the reaction cavities to have different fluid channels by arranging the communication component, and each reaction cavity can be communicated with the adjacent reaction cavity or the outside.
And the second, the invention, through setting up the symmetrical staggered arrangement of the reaction cavity, the opening of the lowest place of the reaction cavity of upper portion links with adjacent reaction cavity of lower portion, can make all medium in the reaction cavity of upper portion enter into reaction cavity of lower portion, make the reaction cavity of upper portion have residue.
And the final stage reaction cavity is connected with the end of the final product, so that the energy consumption for cooling and heating can be reduced, and the quality problem caused by cooling and heating of the mesophase pitch can be avoided.
Fourth, the invention can add different raw materials in different reaction stages, adjust the quality of the final product mesophase pitch, and make the carbon fiber wire drawing easier.
Fifth, the cooperation of the multichannel sealing ball and the through hole in the communicating component does not need to be provided with pipeline connection between the reactors, so that the condition that the pipeline cannot be cleaned or is not cleaned thoroughly is avoided, the quality of the next product is prevented from being influenced by the residual materials each time, and the problems that the pipeline is easy to coke and block and difficult to clean are solved; and when the multichannel sealing ball executes the third station state, the cleaned dirty liquid can be drained out.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of the multistage reactor according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the multistage reactor according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the multistage reactor according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the multistage reactor according to one embodiment of the present invention along the axial direction of the rotation shaft;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a sectional view of the multistage reactor according to one embodiment of the present invention along the axial direction of the rotation shaft;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial sectional view of the multistage reactor according to one embodiment of the present invention along the axial direction of the rotation shaft;
FIG. 7 is a detail view of the converter according to one embodiment of the present invention in a first station state;
FIG. 8 is a detail view of the converter according to one embodiment of the present invention in a second station state;
FIG. 9 is a detail view of the converter according to one embodiment of the present invention in a third station state;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the drain assembly along the drain pipe axis of one aspect of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a detailed view of the trapway and the rotating shaft channel according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention by referring to the description.
It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional methods, and the reagents and materials, unless otherwise specified, are all commercially available; in the description of the present invention, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element in question must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 11, the reference numerals in the description of the present invention are defined as follows: reaction chamber 100, trapway 11, rotating shaft 12, through port 13, converter 200, stirring assembly 300, first through hole 21, second through hole 22, multichannel sealing ball 23, first channel 24, second channel 25, slot 26, trapway 27, stirring shaft 31, decelerator 32, motor 33, rotating drive 400, rotating shaft 41, second sealing packing 42, rotating shaft bracket 43, bearing housing 44, bearing 45, upper seal seat 51, upper seal 52, lower seal seat 53, lower seal 54, seal seat gland 55, first packing seal 56, first platform 57, second platform 58, first spring 59, trapway seal seat 61, third through hole 62, third sealing packing 63, third platform 64, first seal 65, trapway 66, fourth sealing packing 67, fourth platform 68, fifth platform 69, second spring 601, sixth platform 602, trapway gland 603, fourth through hole 604, second seal 605, fifth seal 606.
As shown in fig. 1 to 11, the present invention provides a tree-type multistage reactor, comprising:
A plurality of reactor units, a plurality of reactor units are connected in order from top to bottom, each reactor unit comprising:
The reaction cavity 100 is provided with a feed inlet, a pressure compensating port and a cleaning port which are connected with the outside, two adjacent reaction cavities 100 are connected in a staggered way, and valves are arranged on the feed inlet, the pressure compensating port and the cleaning port; the feed inlet is for feeding raw material (asphalt) and the feed inlet is for connection to a raw material supply device, such as a feeder. The pressure supplementing port is used for being connected with air pressure supply equipment to provide pressure supplement for the reaction cavity 100 or pressure power for discharged materials. The cleaning port is used for being connected with a cleaning solvent supply device so as to input a cleaning solvent into the reaction cavity 100 to clean the reaction cavity 100, and the cleaned dirty liquid is discharged.
The communication assembly comprises a through hole 13 formed at the joint of two adjacent reaction cavities 100, and a converter 200 arranged on the through hole 13, wherein the converter 200 is provided with a first station state which enables the two adjacent reaction cavities 100 to communicate up and down and is not communicated with the outside of the reaction cavity 100, a second station state which is not communicated with the two adjacent reaction cavities 100 and the outside of the reaction cavity 100, and a third station state which is communicated with the upper reaction cavity 100 in the two adjacent reaction cavities 100 and is simultaneously communicated with the outside of the upper reaction cavity 100; the through hole 13 is arranged at the joint of the two adjacent reaction cavities 100, so that the axial length of the through hole 13 can reach the minimum value, and therefore, the pipeline connection is not required to be arranged between the reactors, the condition that the pipeline cannot be cleaned is avoided, the quality of products is prevented from being influenced by residual materials each time, and the problems that the pipeline is easy to be blocked and difficult to clean are solved. When the converter 200 performs the third station state, the cleaned contaminated liquid may be drained.
A stirring assembly 300 including a stirrer disposed in the reaction chamber 100 and a driver for driving the stirrer to rotate; specifically, the method can be set as follows: the stirring shaft 31 of the stirrer is rotatably and hermetically arranged at the top of the reaction cavity 100, and the driver comprises a speed reducer 32 fixed with the stirring shaft 31 and a motor 33 fixed with the speed reducer 32. The motor 33 is started, and the stirring shaft 31 is driven to rotate after the speed is regulated to a proper rotation speed by the speed reducer 32, so that the stirrer stirs the materials in the reaction cavity and promotes the uniform and full reaction of the materials.
And a heating assembly disposed outside the plurality of reaction chambers 100. Specifically, the method can be set as follows: the heating assembly comprises a jacket layer sleeved on the outer walls of the reaction cavities 100 and a heat exchange medium filled in the jacket layer. The heat exchange medium of the jacket layer can be heat conduction oil, molten salt, lead-tin alloy, metallic gallium alloy or high-temperature gas, and the like, and different heat transfer media can be selected according to different reaction media.
In the above technical solution, the initial positions of the converters 200 of all the reaction chambers 100 are adjusted to the second station state, then raw materials are put into the uppermost reaction chamber 100, the heating assembly and the stirring assembly 300 are started, after a plurality of reactor units react for a set time at a required reaction temperature, the converters 200 are adjusted to the first station state, the materials enter the adjacent lower reaction chamber 100 under the pressure action of the pressure compensating port and the gravity action of the materials, after the transfer is completed, the converters 200 are adjusted to the third station state, a cleaning solvent is sent from the cleaning port, the reaction chamber 100 is fully cleaned under the stirring action of the stirring assembly 300, after the cleaning is completed, the outside of the reaction chamber 100 is discharged under the pressure task of the pressure compensating port and the gravity action of the cleaned sewage (discharged into the sewage collecting tank), then the converters 200 are adjusted to the second station state, and the raw materials are continuously put into the second station state, and the reaction operation is carried out according to the above flow. And the lower reaction cavity 100 continuously stirs the materials which are input into the upper reaction cavity 100 and react for a certain time for a reaction time set by the reaction, and the processes are circulated to sequentially convey downwards, react and clean until the reaction of the bottommost reaction cavity 100 is finished, and then the subsequent carbon fiber wiredrawing processing procedure is directly connected. The temperature of the intermediate phase asphalt for preparing the carbon fiber filaments is similar to the temperature of the asphalt for converting the intermediate phase asphalt for thermal polymerization, the intermediate phase asphalt after the thermal polymerization is directly used for preparing the carbon fiber, so that the energy consumption can be saved, and when each stage of reaction cavity 100 is used for executing the reaction, raw material asphalt can be added in a supplementary way according to the requirement, and the quality of the final intermediate phase asphalt is blended, so that the quality of the final product carbon fiber filaments is optimized to meet different application occasions.
In another technical scheme, the included angle between the inclination of the reaction cavity 100 and the horizontal plane is 30-60 °, the upper part of the through hole 13 is communicated with the bottom of the reaction cavity 100 located at the upper part in the two adjacent reaction cavities 100, and the lower part of the through hole 13 is communicated with the side wall of the reaction cavity 100 located at the lower part. The lowest opening of the upper reaction cavity 100 is connected with the reaction cavity 100 at the adjacent lower part, so that all media (reaction raw materials and/or reaction products) in the upper reaction cavity 100 can enter the reaction cavity 100 at the lower part, the reaction cavity 100 at the upper part has no residue, the whole reactor is firmer by the inclination of 30-60 degrees, and the downward flow of the media is facilitated and the occupied area is reduced.
In another technical scheme, a blowdown channel 11 and a rotating shaft channel 12 are coaxially arranged at the joint of two adjacent reaction cavities 100, and the blowdown channel 11 and the rotating shaft channel 12 respectively penetrate through the side wall of the through hole 13 and are communicated with the through hole 13;
The converter 200 includes:
an upper seal provided above the through-hole 13, the upper seal having a first through-hole 21 communicating with the through-hole 13; the upper seal member is used to prevent the medium in the upper reaction chamber 100 from flowing between the outer wall of the multi-channel sealing ball 23 and the inner wall of the through-hole 13, so that the medium completely flows into the corresponding channel on the multi-channel sealing ball 23 through the first through-hole 21.
A lower seal provided at a lower portion of the through-hole 13, the lower seal having a second through-hole 22 communicating with the through-hole 13; the lower seal is used to prevent the medium flowing into the channel of the multi-channel sealing ball 23 from flowing between the outer wall of the multi-channel sealing ball 23 and the inner wall of the through hole 13, so that the medium completely flows into the lower reaction chamber 100 through the second through hole 22.
A multi-channel sealing ball 23 disposed in the through hole 13, wherein an outer wall of the multi-channel sealing ball 23 is abutted between the upper sealing member and the lower sealing member, a first channel 24 and a second channel 25 which is independent from and not communicated with the first channel 24 are formed on the multi-channel sealing ball 23 along a radial direction, and one end of the second channel 25 is communicated with the sewage disposal channel 11; the first channel 24 is used for communicating two adjacent reaction cavities 100, and guiding a medium for reacting for a certain time at the upper part into the reaction cavity 100 at the lower part; the second channel 25 is used for guiding out the cleaned dirty liquid in the upper reaction chamber 100 and discharging the dirty liquid through the sewage drain channel 11.
The rotary driving member 400 includes a rotary shaft 41 rotatably penetrating the rotary shaft channel 12 in a sealing manner, one end of the rotary shaft 41 extends out of the rotary shaft channel 12, and the other end is clamped on the multi-channel sealing ball 23; rotating the rotation shaft 41 can rotate the multi-channel sealing ball 23, thereby changing the communication state of the first channel 24 and the second channel 25.
Wherein when the rotating shaft 41 is rotated to a first station state, the upper and lower ends of the first passage 24 are respectively communicated with the first and second through holes 21 and 22; when the rotating shaft 41 is rotated to a second station state, the outer wall of the multi-channel sealing ball 23 simultaneously seals the first through hole 21 and the second through hole 22; when the rotating shaft 41 is rotated to the third working position, the outer wall of the multi-channel sealing ball 23 closes the second through hole 22, and the other end of the second channel 25 communicates with the first through hole 21.
In the above technical solution, by setting the rotation shaft 41, the multi-channel sealing ball 23 can be rotated, so as to adjust the positions of the first channel 24 and the second channel 25 on the multi-channel sealing ball 23, thereby adjusting the communication state between the first channel 24 and the second channel 25 and the two adjacent reaction cavities 100, and realizing the transportation and the discharge of the medium and the sewage.
In another technical solution, the upper sealing member includes an upper sealing seat 51 abutting against the upper wall surface of the multi-channel sealing ball 23 and an annular upper sealing pad 52 abutting against the top of the upper sealing seat 51, and the upper sealing seat 51 is provided with the first through hole 21. The material of the sealing gasket is a material which does not react with the medium and is resistant to high temperature, such as graphite, ceramic fiber and the like. The sealing gasket has simple structure, easy installation and reliable sealing.
In another technical solution, the lower sealing member includes a lower sealing seat 53 abutting against a lower wall surface of the multi-channel sealing ball 23, an annular lower sealing pad 54 abutting against a bottom of the lower sealing seat 53, a sealing seat gland 55 abutting against the lower sealing pad 54, and a first packing seal box 56 sleeved on an outer side wall of the lower sealing seat 53 and an inner side wall of the sealing seat gland 55, wherein the outer side wall of the lower sealing seat 53 is recessed inwards along a radial direction to form an annular first platform 57, the inner side wall of the sealing seat gland 55 is protruded outwards along a radial direction to form an annular second platform 58, the first platform 57 and the second platform 58 are oppositely arranged to form an annular first accommodating cavity, and a first spring 59 in a compressed state is arranged in the first accommodating cavity in an upper limiting sleeve and a lower limiting sleeve.
Because the multi-channel sealing ball 23 needs to rotate in the use process, if the outer wall surface of the multi-channel sealing ball 23 is in mechanical rigid contact with the upper sealing seat 51 and the lower sealing seat 53, abrasion is caused after the multi-channel sealing ball rotates for a plurality of times, and the tightness between the multi-channel sealing ball 23 and the upper sealing seat 51 and the lower sealing seat 53 is seriously affected, so that asphalt reaction is affected. In the above technical scheme, through setting up first spring 59, under the effect of first spring 59, through calculating sealed specific pressure to also can play effective seal under great pressure differential condition, thereby guarantee the leakproofness.
In another aspect, the rotary driving member 400 includes a rotary shaft 41 movably penetrating through the rotary shaft channel 12, a second sealing packing box 42 sleeved between an outer side wall of the rotary shaft 41 and an inner side wall of the rotary shaft channel 12, a rotary shaft bracket 43 fixed on an outer wall of the reaction chamber 100, a bearing seat 44 fixed on the rotary shaft bracket 43, and a bearing 45 fixed on the bearing seat 44, where an end of the rotary shaft 41 extending out of the rotary shaft channel 12 is penetrated and fixed on the bearing 45;
The side wall of the multi-channel sealing ball 23 is provided with a slot 26, and the other end of the rotating shaft 41 is clamped in the slot 26.
In the above technical solution, an external wrench or an air cylinder may be used to rotate the rotation shaft 41, and each rotation sets an angle limitation, so as to complete accurate switching of three different station states of the multi-channel sealing ball 23 plate. The rotating shaft 41 is clamped in the slot 26, so that the multi-channel sealing ball 23 plate can be driven to rotate. The slot 26 can be set as a cross slot 26, and one end of the rotating shaft 41 clamped can be provided with a cross shape matched with the slot 26, so that the purpose of accurately transmitting the rotating angle is achieved.
In another technical scheme, a drain shaft sleeve 27 is coaxially arranged on the side wall of the multi-channel sealing ball 23 and is coaxial with the rotating shaft 41, and the drain shaft sleeve 27 is communicated with the second channel 25; the drain sleeve 27 is used for outputting the contaminated fluid in the second passage 25.
Still include blowdown subassembly, it includes:
The sewage sealing seat 61 is sleeved in the sewage channel 11, a third through hole 62 is formed in the sewage sealing seat 61, one end of the third through hole 62 is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the sewage shaft sleeve 27, a third sealing stuffing box 63 is sleeved between the inner wall of the third through hole 62 and the outer wall of the sewage shaft sleeve 27, an annular third platform 64 is outwards protruded from the outer side wall of the sewage sealing seat 61 along the radial direction, and an annular first sealing pad 65 is sleeved on the third platform 64; the sewage seal seat 61 is arranged on the same principle as the upper seal seat 51 so that sewage can reliably enter the third through hole 62.
A drain pipe 66, one end of which is sleeved on the outer wall of the third through hole 62 and is abutted against the first sealing pad 65, the drain pipe 66 is communicated with the third through hole 62, and a fourth sealing stuffing box 67 is sleeved between the inner side wall of the drain pipe 66 and the outer side wall of the third through hole 62; the inner wall of the blow-down pipe 66 radially expands to form an annular fourth platform 68, the outer wall of the blow-down sealing seat 61 radially protrudes outwards to form an annular fifth platform 69, the fourth platform 68 and the fifth platform 69 form a second accommodating cavity, a second spring 601 in a compressed state is axially sleeved in the second accommodating cavity along the blow-down pipe 66, an annular sixth platform 602 is radially outwards convexly arranged near the side wall of the blow-down pipe 66, the inner wall of the blow-down channel 11 radially expands to form an annular seventh platform, an annular second sealing gasket 605 is arranged between the sixth platform 602 and the seventh platform, and a fifth sealing stuffing box 606 is sleeved between the side wall of the blow-down pipe 66 and the side wall of the blow-down channel 11; since the drain pipe 66 and the drain sealing seat 61 also rotate relatively, the same principle is adopted to ensure the tightness between the drain sealing seat 61 and the drain pipe 66, so that the sewage reliably enters the drain pipe 66 from the third through hole 62.
The drain pipe gland 603 is provided with a fourth through hole 604 communicated with the drain pipe 66, one end of the drain pipe gland 603 is sleeved at one end of the drain pipe 66 away from the multi-channel sealing ball 23 and is abutted to the sixth platform 602, and the other end of the drain pipe gland 603 is fixed on the reaction cavity 100. The drain gland 603 is used for fixing the position of the drain 66, and is used for connecting with a sewage recovery device.
In the above technical solution, when the multi-channel sealing ball 23 is in the third station state, the dirty liquid enters the dirty shaft sleeve 27 through the second channel 25, then enters the third through hole 62, then enters the dirty pipe 66, and finally flows out to the dirty liquid recovery device through the fourth through hole 604, so that the dirty liquid can be prevented from entering the through hole 13 to pollute the lower reaction cavity 100 in the whole process, and each reactor can work independently.
In another embodiment, the reaction chamber 100 is provided with a pressure detecting instrument and a temperature detecting instrument. The pressure and temperature conditions in each reaction chamber 100 can be known in real time, so that the reaction parameters can be precisely controlled, and the product yield can be improved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the details and embodiments shown and described, it is well suited to various fields of use for which the invention would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and accordingly, the invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein, without departing from the general concepts defined in the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A tree-type multistage reactor, comprising:
A plurality of reactor units, a plurality of reactor units are connected in order from top to bottom, each reactor unit comprising:
The reaction cavity is provided with a feed inlet, a pressure compensating port and a cleaning port which are connected with the outside, two adjacent reaction cavities are connected in a staggered way, and valves are arranged on the feed inlet, the pressure compensating port and the cleaning port;
The communication assembly comprises a through hole formed at the joint of two adjacent reaction cavities, and a converter arranged on the through hole, wherein the converter is provided with a first station state which enables the upper adjacent reaction cavity and the lower adjacent reaction cavity to be communicated and is not communicated with the outside of the reaction cavity, a second station state which is not communicated with the two adjacent reaction cavities and the outside of the reaction cavity, and a third station state which is communicated with the upper reaction cavity in the two adjacent reaction cavities and is simultaneously communicated with the outside of the upper reaction cavity;
The stirring assembly comprises a stirrer arranged in the reaction cavity and a driver for driving the stirrer to rotate;
and the heating component is arranged outside the reaction cavities.
2. The tree-type multistage reactor according to claim 1, wherein the reaction cavity is inclined at an angle of 30-60 degrees to the horizontal plane, the upper part of the through hole is communicated with the bottom of the reaction cavity positioned at the upper part of the two adjacent reaction cavities, and the lower part of the through hole is communicated with the side wall of the reaction cavity positioned at the lower part.
3. The tree-type multistage reactor according to claim 1, wherein a sewage drain channel and a rotating shaft channel are coaxially arranged at the joint of two adjacent reaction cavities, and the sewage drain channel and the rotating shaft channel respectively penetrate through the side wall of the through hole and are communicated with the through hole;
The converter includes:
An upper seal member provided at an upper portion of the through hole, the upper seal member being provided with a first through hole communicating with the through hole;
A lower sealing member arranged at the lower part of the through hole, wherein a second through hole communicated with the through hole is formed in the lower sealing member;
the multi-channel sealing ball is arranged in the through hole, the outer wall of the multi-channel sealing ball is abutted between the upper sealing piece and the lower sealing piece, a first channel and a second channel which is independent from the first channel and is not communicated with the first channel are formed in the radial direction of the multi-channel sealing ball, and one end of the second channel is communicated with the sewage disposal channel;
the rotary driving piece comprises a rotary shaft which is arranged on the rotary shaft channel in a sealing and rotating way, one end of the rotary shaft extends out of the rotary shaft channel, and the other end of the rotary shaft is clamped on the multi-channel sealing ball;
when the rotating shaft is rotated to a first station state, the upper end and the lower end of the first channel are respectively communicated with the first through hole and the second through hole; when the rotating shaft is rotated to a second station state, the outer wall of the multi-channel sealing ball simultaneously seals the first through hole and the second through hole; when the rotating shaft is rotated to a third station state, the outer wall of the multi-channel sealing ball seals the second through hole, and the other end of the second channel is communicated with the first through hole.
4. A tree-type multistage reactor as claimed in claim 3, wherein said upper seal member comprises an upper seal seat abutting on an upper wall surface of said multi-channel seal ball and an annular upper seal gasket abutting on a top of said upper seal seat, said upper seal seat being provided with said first through hole.
5. A tree-type multistage reactor as claimed in claim 3 wherein the lower seal comprises a lower seal seat abutting on the lower wall surface of the multichannel sealing ball, an annular lower seal gasket abutting on the bottom of the lower seal seat, a seal seat gland abutting on the lower seal gasket, and a first packing seal box sleeved on the outer side wall of the lower seal seat and the inner side wall of the seal seat gland, wherein the outer side wall of the lower seal seat is recessed inwards in the radial direction to form an annular first platform, the inner side wall of the seal seat gland is protruded outwards in the radial direction to form an annular second platform, the first platform and the second platform are oppositely arranged to form an annular first accommodating cavity, and a first spring in a compressed state is sleeved in the upper and lower limiting sleeves of the first accommodating cavity.
6. A tree-type multistage reactor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the rotary driving member comprises a rotary shaft movably penetrating through the rotary shaft channel, a second sealing stuffing box sleeved between the outer side wall of the rotary shaft and the inner side wall of the rotary shaft channel, a rotary shaft bracket fixed on the outer wall of the reaction chamber, a bearing seat fixed on the rotary shaft bracket, and a bearing fixed on the bearing seat, wherein one end of the rotary shaft extending out of the rotary shaft channel is penetrated and fixed on the bearing;
The side wall of the multichannel sealing ball is provided with a slot, and the other end of the rotating shaft is clamped in the slot.
7. The tree-type multistage reactor of claim 6, wherein a blow-down sleeve is coaxially arranged on the side wall of the multichannel sealing ball and is communicated with the second channel;
still include blowdown subassembly, it includes:
The sewage disposal sealing seat is sleeved in the sewage disposal channel, a third through hole is formed in the sewage disposal sealing seat, one end of the third through hole is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the sewage disposal shaft sleeve, a third sealing stuffing box is sleeved between the inner wall of the third through hole and the outer wall of the sewage disposal shaft sleeve, an annular third platform is outwards protruded along the radial direction of the outer side wall of the sewage disposal sealing seat, and an annular first sealing gasket is sleeved on the third platform;
One end of the drain pipe is sleeved on the outer wall of the third through hole and is abutted to the first sealing gasket, the drain pipe is communicated with the third through hole, and a fourth sealing stuffing box is sleeved between the inner side wall of the drain pipe and the outer side wall of the third through hole; the inner wall of the sewage drain pipe is radially expanded to form an annular fourth platform, the outer wall of the sewage drain sealing seat is radially outwards protruded to form an annular fifth platform, the fourth platform and the fifth platform form a second accommodating cavity, a second spring in a compressed state is sleeved in the second accommodating cavity along the axial direction of the sewage drain pipe, an annular sixth platform is radially outwards protruded to the side wall of the sewage drain pipe close to the sewage drain sealing seat, an annular seventh platform is radially outwards expanded to form an annular inner wall of the sewage drain channel, an annular second sealing gasket is arranged between the sixth platform and the seventh platform, and a fifth sealing stuffing box is sleeved between the side wall of the sewage drain pipe and the side wall of the sewage drain channel;
The sewage drain gland is provided with a fourth through hole communicated with the sewage drain, one end of the sewage drain gland is sleeved at one end of the sewage drain, which is far away from the multi-channel sealing ball, and is abutted to the sixth platform, and the other end of the sewage drain gland is fixed on the reaction cavity.
8. The tree-type multistage reactor of claim 1, wherein the stirring shaft of the stirrer is hermetically and rotatably arranged at the top of the reaction cavity, and the driver comprises a speed reducer fixed with the stirring shaft and a motor fixed with the speed reducer.
9. The tree-type multistage reactor of claim 1, wherein the heating assembly comprises a jacket layer sleeved on the outer walls of the plurality of reaction chambers and a heat exchange medium filled in the jacket layer.
10. The tree-type multistage reactor of claim 1, wherein a pressure detecting instrument and a temperature detecting instrument are provided on the reaction chamber.
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| CN202410312378.9A CN117899797B (en) | 2024-03-19 | 2024-03-19 | Tree-type multistage reactor |
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| US20070173679A1 (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2007-07-26 | Guyomarc H Raymond | Thermal waste recycling method and system, and application thereof in the treatment of waste with a high water content |
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