CN117898168A - Mushroom stick conditioner for industrial cultivation of pleurotus geesteranus, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Mushroom stick conditioner for industrial cultivation of pleurotus geesteranus, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, in particular to a fungus stick conditioner for industrial cultivation of pleurotus geesteranus, and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: s1: crushing and sieving straw biochar; s2: completely dissolving borax, magnesium sulfate and brown sugar in purified water, slowly pouring biochar, gently stirring uniformly in the process, and taking the liquid volume as the basis of infiltrating all straw biochar particles to obtain the fungus stick conditioner. The obtained fungus stick conditioner is applied to pleurotus geesteranus cultivation. The invention has the following advantages: (1) The edible fungus stick conditioner is added into the edible fungus stick, so that the edible fungus can be accelerated to grow, the industrial cultivation period of the edible fungus can be shortened, and the economic benefit of factories can be improved; (2) The edible fungus stick conditioner is added into the edible fungus stick, so that the amino acid and crude polysaccharide content of the edible fungus can be improved, the quality of the edible fungus can be improved, and the edible fungus stick conditioner can be popularized as a new edible fungus stick conditioner.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, in particular to a fungus stick conditioner for industrial cultivation of pleurotus geesteranus, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
China is the first major country of world edible fungus production and consumption, and the edible fungus industry is the fifth major agricultural planting industry of China after grains, oil, fruits and vegetables. The latest data show that the annual output of domestic edible fungi reaches 4000 tens of thousands of tons, the total output value breaks through 3000 hundred million yuan, and the domestic edible fungi occupies nearly eight ingredients worldwide. The central rural working conference in 2022 emphasizes that 'setting up large food views, constructing a diversified food supply system, developing food sources in multiple ways', 'developing food resources to heat and protein of plant animal microorganisms in multiple ways', and edible fungi have the characteristics of low fat, high protein, polysaccharide, multivitamin, multiple minerals and the like, develop edible fungi industry, ensure effective supply of food, and are important content and objective requirements for promoting modernization of agriculture.
At present, edible fungi cultivation, especially industrial production, has a plurality of limitations, such as how to improve the industrial production efficiency, the production yield and the quality of the edible fungi, and the like. The invention utilizes various raw materials to process and manufacture the edible fungus stick conditioner, creates a new idea of improving the edible fungus culture medium, aims at accelerating the growth of hyphae, shortening the factory cultivation time, increasing the yield of the edible fungus, and improving the content of amino acids, proteins, crude polysaccharides and other nutritional ingredients of the edible fungus, thereby improving the factory production efficiency of the edible fungus and the benefit of enterprises, and simultaneously has important significance for improving the overall utilization efficiency of biomass resources and the sustainable development of the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a fungus stick conditioner for industrial cultivation of pleurotus geesteranus, and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a fungus stick conditioner for industrial cultivation of pleurotus geesteranus comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing and sieving straw biochar;
s2: the weight percentages are as follows: 70-80% of straw biochar, 5-10% of borax, 5-10% of magnesium sulfate and 10% of brown sugar are mixed according to a proportion, the sum of the percentages is 100%, borax, magnesium sulfate and brown sugar are completely dissolved in purified water, the biochar is slowly poured in, the process is gently and uniformly stirred, and the liquid capacity is based on the condition that all straw biochar particles are infiltrated, so that the fungus stick conditioner is obtained.
Further, crushing and sieving the straw biochar, and reserving the medium fine particle size (2-4 mm).
Furthermore, the fungus stick conditioner needs to be stored in an environment below 25 ℃ and is not suitable for more than 2d, so that the fungus stick conditioner is prevented from mildew and deterioration of biochar.
The invention adopts the biochar with proper grain size (the grain size is too small and can influence the adsorption performance of the biochar, meanwhile, as the adding proportion of the fungus stick conditioning agent is lower and the mixing is even if the grain size is too large), certain nutrient elements are loaded, and the biochar is added to the edible fungus stick according to proper proportion, so that the space and the nutrition structure of the fungus stick are improved, the moisture retention is facilitated, good conditions are provided for the quick growth of the edible fungus hypha and the development of fruiting bodies, habitat is also provided for beneficial microorganisms, the production period of the edible fungi is shortened, and the amino acid and crude polysaccharide content of the edible fungi is improved.
The invention also provides application of the fungus stick conditioner in preparing pleurotus geesteranus cultivation fungus sticks, and the fungus stick conditioner can be used for pleurotus geesteranus industrial cultivation and also can be suitable for oyster mushrooms, agaric, pleurotus citrinopileatus and the like.
Specifically, the fungus stick conditioner is added into an edible fungus culture medium to prepare an edible fungus stick. The edible fungus stick comprises 1-3% of the fungus stick conditioner in percentage by weight.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the edible fungus stick, which comprises the following steps: the culture medium raw materials are piled up and fermented for 3 to 5 days, and then 1 to 3 percent of fungus stick conditioner is added. Adding appropriate amount of water, mixing, keeping water content at 60%, bagging, reserving hole with diameter of 2cm and hole depth of 17-18cm in the center of fungus bag, sterilizing at high temperature after bagging, and cooling to room temperature.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) The edible fungus stick conditioning agent is added into the edible fungus stick to accelerate the edible fungus growing, shorten the industrial cultivation period of the edible fungus and improve the economic benefit of factories.
(2) A certain amount of fungus stick conditioner is added into the edible fungus sticks, so that the amino acid and crude polysaccharide content of the pleurotus geesteranus edible fungus can be improved, the quality of the edible fungus is improved, and the pleurotus geesteranus edible fungus can be popularized as a new fungus stick conditioner.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to examples of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows the results of different ratios of the addition of the stick conditioner to the fungus growth of Pleurotus geesteranus mycelia (10 d);
FIG. 2 shows the ratio of the addition of different fungus stick conditioners to the fungus growth of Pleurotus geesteranus mycelia (15 d);
FIG. 3 shows the ratio of the addition of different fungus stick conditioners to the fungus growth of Pleurotus geesteranus mycelia (20 d);
FIG. 4 shows the ratio of the addition of different fungus stick conditioners to the fungus development of Pleurotus geesteranus mycelia (25 d);
FIG. 5 shows the ratio of the addition of various fungus stick conditioners to the fungus development of Pleurotus geesteranus mycelia (30 d);
FIG. 6 is the effect of different bar conditioner addition ratios on pleurotus geesteranus amino acid content;
FIG. 7 effects of different bar conditioner addition ratios on crude polysaccharide content of Pleurotus geesteranus.
Detailed Description
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The application of the fungus stick conditioner in the industrial cultivation of the pleurotus geesteranus is provided.
S1: pulverizing and sieving straw biochar, and keeping the fine particle size (2-4 mm) for standby.
S2: the weight percentages are as follows: 80% of biochar, 5% of borax, 5% of magnesium sulfate and 10% of brown sugar are completely dissolved in purified water, and then the borax, the magnesium sulfate and the brown sugar are slowly poured into the biochar, the process is gently and uniformly stirred, and the liquid volume is based on the infiltration of all straw biochar particles, so that the biochar fungus stick conditioner for promoting fungus growth and development is obtained. The biochar fungus stick conditioner needs to be stored in an environment below 25 ℃ and is not suitable for more than 2d.
S3: the biochar fungus stick conditioner of the example is prepared into fungus sticks for pleurotus geesteranus cultivation according to the proportion, wherein the fungus stick conditioner is 1-10% (the fungus stick preparation process is the same), and a specific culture medium formula is attached.
S4: the pleurotus geesteranus stick components are stirred uniformly, bagging is carried out, the weight of the bagged culture medium wet material is about 1kg (the weight of the bagged culture medium wet material of the factory automatic flow production line is about 1.25 kg), and the water content is controlled to be about 60%. And (3) after bagging, reserving a hole with the aperture of 2cm and the hole depth of 17-18cm in the center of the fungus bag material bag, bagging and tying, and then sterilizing at the high temperature of 120 ℃ for 10 hours, and cooling to room temperature in a cooling room to obtain the pleurotus geesteranus fungus stick.
S5: the pleurotus geesteranus is inoculated after being packaged and inoculated, and indoor spawn running is carried out, and the culture temperature is 22-25 ℃. Checking every 5d during the culture period, picking out the polluted fungus bags in time, and immediately performing harmless treatment. When the pleurotus geesteranus mycelium is about to reach physiological maturity, mycelium is scratched, and the mycelium can grow into a fungus bag after culturing for 30+/-5 days under the conditions.
S6: and (3) adopting an indoor fruiting mode, wherein the temperature is 22+/-1 ℃, the relative air humidity is 90%, and the fruiting body covers with the diameter of 4cm can be harvested after 80% of fruiting bodies, and only 1 tide of mushrooms are harvested.
1. Influence of different fungus stick conditioning agent addition ratios on growth and development of pleurotus geesteranus hyphae
The selected fungus stick conditioner was added to the pleurotus geesteranus culture medium in different proportions of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 10%, and the growth of mycelia was observed (table 1). The pleurotus geesteranus mycelium with the addition proportion of 1%, 2% and 3% of the fungus stick conditioner is white, the growth vigor is vigorous, the mycelium growth speed is faster than that of a control group (namely a culture medium without the fungus stick conditioner) (shown in figures 1-4) in the early stage of the fungus growing period, the overall growth speed and the growth time are better than those of the control group, the time is shortened by 5 days, wherein the pollution rate of 10% occurs in the 3% addition proportion, and the pollution phenomenon does not occur in the control group and the 1% and 2% addition proportion groups. The adding proportion of 4%, 5%, 6% and 10% of fungus stick conditioner is that hypha does not germinate on the pleurotus geesteranus culture medium, and the pollution rate is 100%.
TABLE 1 Pleurotus geesteranus mycelium growth conditions with different fungus stick conditioner addition ratios
It is noted that hyphae grew (dense++, sparse+, no growth-). The different lowercase and uppercase letters after the same column of data represent significant differences at levels of 0.05, 0.01, respectively, as follows.
2. Influence of different fungus stick conditioner addition ratios on fruiting condition and fruiting body yield of pleurotus geesteranus
The ratio of 1%, 2% and 3% of the mushroom stick conditioner is compared with that of the control group (figure 5 and table 2), the fruiting time of the pleurotus geesteranus is 60-62d, the fruiting time of the pleurotus geesteranus is 1d earlier than that of the control group, and the ratio of 3% of the mushroom stick conditioner is 1d later than that of the control group. In the aspect of the average yield of the pleurotus geesteranus, the average yield of the pleurotus geesteranus is obviously improved by 12.61% by the addition proportion of 2% of the fungus stick conditioning agent compared with the control group, wherein the average yield of the pleurotus geesteranus is expressed as 2% > CK >1% > 3%.
TABLE 2 Pleurotus geesteranus fruiting situation and fruiting body yield of different fungus stick conditioner addition ratios
3. Influence of different fungus stick conditioners on amino acid and crude polysaccharide components of pleurotus geesteranus fruiting body
According to GB 5009.124-2016 and SN/T4260-2015, compared with a control group, the amino acid content of the pleurotus geesteranus fruiting body produced by adding the fungus stick conditioner shows a trend of improvement (figure 6), the amino acid content of the pleurotus geesteranus fruiting body is expressed as 2% -3% >1% > CK, the adding ratio of 2% fungus stick conditioner is 49.97% higher than that of the control group, and the total amount of the essential amino acids threonine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine and the like of a human body is 62.39% higher than that of the control group. Meanwhile, the crude polysaccharide content of the pleurotus geesteranus fruiting bodies shows a trend of increasing along with the increase of the adding proportion (in the range of 1% -3%) of the fungus stick conditioning agent (figure 7), and the adding proportion of 1%, 2% and 3% of the fungus stick conditioning agent is 15.74%, 16.67% and 27.78% higher than that of the control group respectively.
The method comprises the following steps: specific Components of the Medium in examples
No bacteria stick conditioner is added into the bacteria stick of the control group
The pleurotus geesteranus bag cultivation fungus stick is prepared, and the moisture content is controlled to be about 60% according to the weight percentage of 17.35% of cotton seed hulls, 17.85% of wheat husks, 14% of wood chips, 20.5% of cotton residues, 5.6% of corn flour, 20.5% of corncobs, 2.1% of lime and 2.1% of light calcium, wherein the weight of bagged cultivation substrate wet materials is about 1kg (the weight of the bagged cultivation substrate wet materials of a factory automatic continuous production line is about 1.25 kg). The number of days for fungus bag to be filled is 35d, the hypha grows well, the pollution rate can be controlled to be 0, the number of days for fruiting is 61d, the yield is 230.37 +/-9.56 g/bag (fresh weight), the amino acid content is 22.82g/100g, and the crude polysaccharide content is 5.4g/100g.
Treatment 1 is 1% of the addition ratio of the fungus stick conditioning agent: 17.2% of cotton seed hulls, 17.7% of wheat husks, 14.1% of wood chips, 20.2% of cotton residues, 5.6% of corn meal, 20.2% of corncobs, 2% of lime, 2% of light calcium carbonate, 0.8% of biochar, 0.05% of borax, 0.05% of magnesium sulfate and 0.1% of brown sugar.
Treatment 2 is 2% of the addition ratio of the fungus stick conditioning agent: 17% of cotton seed hulls, 17.5% of wheat husks, 14% of wood chips, 20% of cotton residues, 5.5% of corn flour, 20% of corncobs, 2% of lime, 2% of light calcium carbonate, 1.6% of biochar, 0.1% of borax, 0.1% of magnesium sulfate and 0.2% of brown sugar.
Treatment 3 is 3% of the addition ratio of the fungus stick conditioning agent: 16.8% of cotton seed hulls, 17.3% of wheat husks, 13.9% of wood chips, 19.8% of cotton residues, 5.4% of corn meal, 19.8% of corncobs, 2% of lime, 2% of light calcium carbonate, 2.4% of biochar, 0.15% of borax, 0.15% of magnesium sulfate and 0.3% of brown sugar.
Treatment 4 is the addition ratio of 4% fungus stick conditioner: 16.7% of cotton seed hulls, 17.2% of wheat husks, 13.7% of wood chips, 19.6% of cotton residues, 5.4% of corn meal, 19.6% of corncobs, 2% of lime, 2% of light calcium carbonate, 3.2% of biochar, 0.2% of borax, 0.2% of magnesium sulfate and 0.4% of brown sugar.
Treatment 5 is 6% of the addition ratio of the fungus stick conditioning agent: 16.3% of cotton seed hulls, 16.8% of wheat husks, 13.4% of wood chips, 19.2% of cotton residues, 5.3% of corn meal, 19.2% of corncobs, 1.9% of lime, 1.9% of light calcium, 4.8% of biochar, 0.3% of borax, 0.3% of magnesium sulfate and 0.6% of brown sugar.
Treatment 6 is 10% of fungus stick conditioner adding proportion: 15.6% of cotton seed hulls, 16.1% of wheat husks, 12.9% of wood chips, 18.4% of cotton residues, 5.1% of corn meal, 18.4% of corncobs, 1.8% of lime, 1.8% of light calcium, 8% of biochar, 0.5% of borax, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate and 1% of brown sugar.
The mycelium does not germinate in the additive proportion of the conditioning agents for the fungus sticks in the treatment 4, the treatment 5 and the treatment 6.
The adding proportion of the fungus stick conditioning agents in treatment 1,2 and 3 is better than that of the control hypha, the adding proportion is 5d earlier than that of the control hypha, the number of days of filling bags is 30d, the pollution rate is controlled to be 0, the number of days of fruiting is respectively 1d, 1d and 2d earlier, the fresh weight of the yield is 232.99 +/-4.94 b g/bag, 259.42 +/-13.45 g/bag and 228.63 +/-8.53 g/bag, wherein the adding proportion of the 2% fungus stick conditioning agent is remarkably improved by 12.61%, and the adding proportion of the 3% fungus stick conditioning agent is reduced by 0.8%.
The solid amino acid content of the treatment 1,2 and 3 fungus stick conditioning agents is 26.70g/100g, 34.11g/100g and 28.66g/100g respectively, which are improved by 17%, 49.47% and 25.59% respectively compared with the control group.
The content of crude polysaccharide of the solid bodies in the treatment 1,2 and 3 fungus stick conditioning agents is respectively 6.25g/100g, 6.30g/100g and 6.90g/100g, which are respectively 15.74%, 16.67% and 27.78% higher than that of the control group.
In summary, the 2% fungus stick conditioner addition ratio is considered to be excellent in combination of hypha development, bag-full days, fruiting body yield and amino acid and crude polysaccharide content, and is the optimal fungus stick conditioner addition ratio.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a fungus stick conditioner for industrial cultivation of pleurotus geesteranus is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing and sieving straw biochar;
S2: according to the weight percentage, 70-80% of straw biochar, 5-10% of borax, 5-10% of magnesium sulfate and 10% of brown sugar are mixed according to the proportion, borax, magnesium sulfate and brown sugar are completely dissolved in purified water, the biochar is slowly poured in, the process is gently and uniformly stirred, and the liquid capacity is based on the condition that all straw biochar particles are infiltrated, so that the fungus stick conditioner is obtained.
2. The fungus stick conditioner prepared by the preparation method of claim 1.
3. Use of the fungus stick conditioner according to claim 2 in pleurotus geesteranus cultivation.
4. A use according to claim 3, characterized in that: the fungus stick conditioner is added into the pleurotus geesteranus culture medium to prepare the fungus stick for pleurotus geesteranus cultivation.
5. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the fungus stick conditioning agent in the fungus stick is 1-3%.
6. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that: the fungus stick comprises the following components in percentage by weight: before the fungus stick conditioner is added, the pleurotus geesteranus culture medium raw materials are piled up and fermented for 3-5 days.
7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that: uniformly stirring the components of the pleurotus geesteranus stick, bagging, reserving a hole in the center of a fungus bag material bag after bagging, sterilizing at high temperature after bagging and tying, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the pleurotus geesteranus stick.
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| CN202410067356.0A Pending CN117898168A (en) | 2024-01-17 | 2024-01-17 | Mushroom stick conditioner for industrial cultivation of pleurotus geesteranus, and preparation method and application thereof |
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