CN117897852A - Extension method for extending service life of battery - Google Patents
Extension method for extending service life of battery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117897852A CN117897852A CN202280059600.8A CN202280059600A CN117897852A CN 117897852 A CN117897852 A CN 117897852A CN 202280059600 A CN202280059600 A CN 202280059600A CN 117897852 A CN117897852 A CN 117897852A
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- Prior art keywords
- cell
- state
- battery
- determined
- extension method
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 83
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005501 phase interface Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000352 storage cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/445—Methods for charging or discharging in response to gas pressure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
An aspect of the invention relates to an extension method (100) for extending the length of use of a battery comprising a plurality of cells, the method (100) comprising the steps performed by a computer of: -determining (102) an applied force applied to a wall of at least one cell of the battery, and-determining (103) an allowed maximum state of charge of the at least one cell from the determined applied force.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention claims priority from french application n° 2109165 filed on month 9 and 2 of 2021, the contents of which (text, figures and claims) are incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention aims to provide charge management for batteries (in particular for batteries for electric or hybrid motor vehicles).
Background
Such cells typically include a plurality of electrical storage cells (also referred to as cells). Each cell includes an electrochemical system that can be recharged until the no-load voltage is maximized.
Batteries are typically managed by a battery's electronic management system, which is further known by the acronym BMS (english "Battery Management System"), which for example manipulates the recharging phase of the battery to bring the battery to a desired voltage at the end of recharging without causing excessive heating of the battery, while avoiding one of the cells reaching a significantly higher or significantly lower charge level than the other cells of the battery. The BMS system may be configured to calculate a dimensionless variable, such as a State of Charge (SOC) capable of quantifying a Charge level of the battery from a variable between 0 and 1.
The BMS system may be further configured to estimate a State of Health SOH value (english of "State of Health") during travel of the vehicle, the SOH value being a coefficient capable of quantifying the level of energy available in the battery when the battery is charged to its full potential, while taking into account degradation in performance of the battery during its lifecycle. The SOH value may be calculated by various methods and may enable an estimation of the available energy in the battery at the end of the charge and thus the mileage the driver wishes to travel.
From document FR3009093B1 a management method for managing batteries including storage batteries is known, which enables an accurate determination of the ageing state of the batteries equipped on electric or hybrid vehicles. The method can also optimize management of the recharging phase of the battery according to the calculated aging state. More specifically, to improve the life time of the battery, the BMS system enforces a maximum voltage at the end of the battery life cycle that is less than an acceptable maximum voltage at the end of the recharging. The BMS system then increases the maximum voltage during the life cycle of the battery. The purpose of this management of the recharging phase is to reduce the ageing power (ci tique de vieillissement) according to the use of the battery.
However, when the aging state of the battery reaches an aging level threshold, the BMS system prohibits any recharging of the battery for safety reasons.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by providing a method that increases the lifetime of the battery beyond the threshold of the ageing class.
Against this background, the invention thus relates in its broadest scope to an extension method for extending the length of use of a battery comprising a plurality of cells.
The method comprises the following steps performed by a computer:
determining an applied force applied to a wall of at least one cell of the battery,
-determining an allowed maximum state of charge of the at least one cell from the determined applied force.
Note that the higher the aging state of a cell, the greater the applied force applied to the walls of that cell. When the applied force is too great, the cell is no longer usable. Likewise, the state of charge participates in an increase in the total force, which is the determined applied force plus the additional force generated by the state of charge. Thanks to the invention, the allowed maximum state of charge is defined according to a determined applied force on the walls of the cell. Thus, it is possible to reduce the total force (which is formed by the determined applied force plus the additional force generated by the allowed maximum state of charge), for example by reducing the allowed maximum state of charge. The invention thus enables the use of batteries up to higher ageing.
In addition to the features just mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the method according to the invention may have one or more supplementary features selected from the following features which may be considered individually or according to any combination technically possible.
According to a non-limiting aspect of the invention, the method comprises a determining step for determining an aging state of the cell, the applied force being determined from the determined aging state of the cell.
The aging state of the cells is understood to be a capacity aging state and/or a resistance aging state.
According to a non-limiting aspect of the invention, the allowed maximum state of charge is determined for exerting an additional force on the walls of the cell, the additional force being due to expansion of the cell and being less than a predetermined force threshold minus the determined exerted force.
According to a non-limiting aspect of the invention, the predetermined force threshold is between 20kN and 30 kN.
According to a non-limiting aspect of the invention, the predetermined force threshold corresponds to an aging state of the cell between 60% and 80% of a completely new state of the cell.
According to a non-limiting aspect of the invention, the determined aging state:
-relating to the ratio between the maximum amount of power storable in the cell at a determined moment in time and the maximum amount of power storable in the cell in a completely new state;
-relating to the number of recharging implemented of the battery cells;
-in relation to the integral of the number of hours of use of the cell multiplied by a coefficient, which depends on the measured cell temperature; or alternatively
-in connection with a charged or discharged energy accumulation of the cells.
Another aspect of the invention relates to a computer configured for communication with a battery comprising a plurality of cells, the computer being further configured for carrying out the steps of the method according to any of the above aspects of the invention.
Drawings
The invention, as well as a different application thereof, will be better understood from a reading of the following detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 schematically shows a lithium ion type battery module according to the related art.
Fig. 2 shows, in particular, schematically, a control unit for controlling a battery of lithium ion type according to a non-limiting aspect of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows a step diagram of a non-limiting embodiment of the method according to the invention.
Fig. 4 shows a graph illustrating an applied force applied to a cell of a lithium ion type battery.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 schematically shows a module 1 comprising a battery cell 2 of the lithium ion type, for example. This fig. 1 shows a single cell 2 for the sake of simplicity, but it is understood that the module 1 may comprise a plurality of battery cells 2.
The cell 2 comprises a wall 3 which houses a negative electrode 4 and a positive electrode 5, which are separated from each other by means of a separator 6. The cell 2 also contains an electrolyte 7.
The elements accommodated in the wall 3 forming the envelope need to maintain contact in the range of positive forces.
In order to counteract the pressure tending to push the walls 3 of the cells 2, the cells 2 are surrounded by a frame 8, typically made of aluminum, only one of which is visible on this drawing.
During use of the cell 2, a secondary reaction occurs. This secondary reaction generates a passivation layer 9 on the surface of the negative electrode 4. The passivation layer 9 is further known by the phase interface between the electrolyte and the surface or the name SEI (english "Solid-electrolyte interphase (Solid electrolyte interface)").
The passivation layer 9 increases the volume of the negative electrode 4. This increase in volume may be up to 4% of the initial volume of the cell 2.
During this secondary reaction, gas is also generated (which participates in the increase of the pressure inside the cell 2), which, for safety reasons, needs to remain completely sealed. The pressure may reach 6 bar.
The higher the ageing state of the cell 2, the greater the force exerted on the walls 3 of the cell 2. The ageing state of the cell is thus closely related to the applied force exerted on the walls 3 of the cell 2 by the expansion of the cell.
Fig. 2 shows a computer 10 (which is formed, for example, by a battery management unit 11 for managing a battery comprising a plurality of battery cells 2). The battery management unit 10 is further known by the name BMS (english "Battery Management System").
In this non-limiting embodiment, the cells 2 are housed in a frame 8 and together form a module. The battery 11 may include a plurality of modules.
The battery management unit 10 communicates with a management unit 12 for managing an electric motor 13 and an electric charger 14.
Thus, the battery management unit 10 is configured to allow or disallow recharging of the cells 2 of the battery 11.
The battery management unit 10 is configured to implement the steps of the extension method for extending the use period of the battery according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a step diagram of an embodiment of the method 100 according to the invention.
The steps of the method 100 are performed by a computer, for example by the battery management unit 10 shown in fig. 2.
The implementation of the various steps of method 100 is also shown in fig. 4.
More specifically, fig. 4 shows the applied force (in kN) applied to the walls 3 of the cells 2 according to an ageing state SOHc (in percent) called capacity ageing state.
The first curve C1 shows the applied force exerted on the wall 3 of the cell 2 as a function of the state of aging SOHc of the cell 2 and of the state of charge of 0%. The State of Charge is a State of Charge of the SOC type (english "State of Charge").
The second curve C2 shows the applied force exerted on the wall 3 of the cell 2 as a function of the state of aging SOHc of the cell 2 and of the maximum state of charge SOC allowed of 100%.
The third curve C3 shows the applied force exerted on the wall 3 of the cell 2 as a function of the state of aging SOHc of the cell 2 and of the variation of the state of charge SOC between 0% and 100%.
The curve shown in the fourth curve C4 shows the change (in percent) in the maximum state of charge SOC.
The state of resistance ageing SOHr (english "State of Health related to battery Resistance (state of health related to battery resistance)") is likewise an ageing state according to the invention and can be considered, for example, by weighting the influence of the state of capacity ageing SOHc on the determined applied force according to its value. The state of resistance aging SOHr is, for example, the ratio or percentage between the increase in internal resistance of a cell at a given moment and the internal resistance of the same cell in a completely new state.
The method 100 comprises a step 101 performed by the battery management unit 10 for determining an ageing state of the at least one cell 2.
In a non-limiting embodiment, the aging state may be formed by SOHc (english "State of Health capacity (capacity health)"). This aging state reflects the number of amperes/hours that cell 2 can store at a given time.
The determined aging state of the cells 2 may be, for example:
in relation to the ratio between the maximum amount of electricity storable in the cell 2 at a determined moment in time and the maximum amount of electricity storable in the cell 2 in a completely new state,
in relation to the number of recharging carried out of the cells 2,
in relation to the integral of the number of hours of use of the cell 2 multiplied by a coefficient which depends on the cell temperature measured by the temperature sensor, or
In connection with the accumulation of charged or discharged energy of the cells 2.
The method 100 comprises a step 102 performed by the battery management unit 10 for determining an applied force applied to the wall 3 of the cell 2.
In a non-limiting embodiment, the applied force is determined based on the aging state of the cell 2 determined in the previous step 101.
In fact, during the use of the cell 2, a secondary reaction is generated, which generates a passivation layer 9 on the surface of the negative electrode 4 of the cell 2. The passivation layer 9 increases the volume of the negative electrode 4 and causes an increase in the applied force applied to the wall 3 of the cell 2. This increase in volume and thus in the applied force exerted on the walls 3 of the cell 2 is irreversible and is related to the state of ageing SOHc of the cell.
The method 100 comprises a step 103 performed by the battery management unit 10 for determining an allowed maximum state of charge of the battery cells 2 from the determined applied force.
The allowed maximum state of charge is determined for exerting an additional force on the wall 3 of the cell 2, due to the expansion of the cell 2, which is less than or equal to the predetermined force threshold minus the determined applied force.
When a force greater than said force threshold is exerted on the wall 3 of the cell 2, the use of the battery 11 housing the cell is prohibited. In fact, beyond this threshold of effort, the cell 2 is at risk of breaking or catching fire.
In the non-limiting example shown on fig. 4, the force threshold is 25kN.
Thus, in this embodiment, taking into account the determined applied force of 20kN (which corresponds to the 20% state of aging SOHc of the cell 2), the allowed maximum state of charge (curve C4) is reduced so that the determined applied force (which is due to the state of aging of the cell 1, curve C1) +the additional force (which is due to the expansion applied to the wall 3 of the cell 2 (which is due to the allowed maximum state of charge)) does not exceed the force threshold of 25kN.
The battery management unit 10 thus limits the battery recharging current from the electric motor 13 or the charger 14 by transmitting current limit information to the management controller 12.
This non-limiting embodiment enables prolonged use of the cell 2 and thus the battery 11 beyond 80% of the aged state due to the limitation of the allowed maximum state of charge SOC. In fact, as shown by the fourth curve C4, this decrease from 20kN of the allowed maximum state of charge SOC can limit the total force exerted on the wall 3 of the cell 2 (curve C2), even if the state of aging SOHc is in a high phase, which is formed by the force due to the state of aging plus the force due to the allowed maximum state of charge SOC and is below a critical threshold of 25kN in the example.
In the absence of this decrease, it can be seen from the dashed part of the second curve C2 that the total force exerted on the wall 3 of the cell 2, which is related to the force due to the state of aging SOHc of the cell 2 and to the force due to the allowed maximum state of charge SOC, exceeds the force threshold of 25kN. This situation is not acceptable. Thus, when the state of aging SOHc of 20% has been reached, the battery 11 will no longer be used.
It is noted that a person skilled in the art is able to provide different variants in the above-described aspects of the invention, for example by modifying the value of the force threshold.
Claims (10)
1. An extension method (100) for extending the duration of use of a battery (11) comprising a plurality of cells (2), characterized in that the extension method (100) comprises the following steps performed by a computer (10):
determining (102) an applied force applied to a wall (3) of at least one cell (2) of the battery (11),
-determining (103) an allowed maximum state of charge (SOC) of the at least one cell (2) from the determined applied force.
2. The extension method (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a determination step (101) for determining an ageing state (SOHc, SOHr) of the battery cell (2), the determined applied force being determined from the determined ageing state (SOHc, SOHr) of the battery cell (2).
3. The extension method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the allowed maximum state of charge (SOC) is determined for exerting an additional force on a wall (3) of the cell (2), the additional force being due to an expansion of the cell (2) and being smaller than a predetermined force threshold minus the determined exerted force.
4. A method (100) of extension according to claim 3, characterized in that the predetermined force threshold is between 20kN and 30 kN.
5. The extension method (100) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the predetermined force threshold corresponds to an ageing state (SOHc) of the cell (2) between 60% and 80% of the completely new state of the cell (2).
6. The extension method (100) according to claim 2, wherein the determined aging state is related to a ratio between a maximum amount of power storable in the cell (2) at a determined moment in time and a maximum amount of power storable in the cell (2) in a completely new state.
7. The extension method (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that the determined aging state is related to the implemented recharging number of the battery cells (2).
8. The extension method (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that the determined aging state is related to the integral of the number of hours of use of the cell (2) multiplied by a coefficient, which coefficient depends on the measured cell temperature.
9. The extension method (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that the determined aging state relates to a charged or discharged energy accumulation of the battery cell (2).
10. A computer (10) configured for communication with a battery (11) comprising a plurality of cells (2), characterized in that the computer (10) is further configured for implementing the steps of the extension method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2109165A FR3126503A1 (en) | 2021-09-02 | 2021-09-02 | METHOD OF EXTENDING A USETIME OF A BATTERY |
| FRFR2109165 | 2021-09-02 | ||
| PCT/FR2022/051386 WO2023031527A1 (en) | 2021-09-02 | 2022-07-11 | Method for prolonging a duration of use of a battery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117897852A true CN117897852A (en) | 2024-04-16 |
Family
ID=78649403
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202280059600.8A Pending CN117897852A (en) | 2021-09-02 | 2022-07-11 | Extension method for extending service life of battery |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117897852A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR3126503A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2023031527A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2109165A5 (en) | 1970-10-06 | 1972-05-26 | Avco Corp | |
| JP2007124750A (en) * | 2005-10-26 | 2007-05-17 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Charge control method of battery |
| FR3009093B1 (en) | 2013-07-29 | 2017-01-13 | Renault Sa | ESTIMATING THE AGING CONDITION OF AN ELECTRIC BATTERY |
| FR3031628B1 (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2019-07-05 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | ELECTROCHEMICAL BATTERY WITH ELECTRONIC MODULE INTERNAL TO THE HOUSING |
| FR3031627B1 (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2021-01-22 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | COMMUNICATION PROCESS BETWEEN AN ELECTROCHEMICAL ACCUMULATOR AND AN ELECTRONIC CONTROL BY LINE CARRIER CURRENT (CPL) |
-
2021
- 2021-09-02 FR FR2109165A patent/FR3126503A1/en active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-07-11 WO PCT/FR2022/051386 patent/WO2023031527A1/en active Application Filing
- 2022-07-11 CN CN202280059600.8A patent/CN117897852A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023031527A1 (en) | 2023-03-09 |
| FR3126503A1 (en) | 2023-03-03 |
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