CN117888876A - Optical fiber sensing device and monitoring method for while-drilling parameters of screw drill - Google Patents
Optical fiber sensing device and monitoring method for while-drilling parameters of screw drill Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 184
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a screw drilling parameter optical fiber sensing device and a monitoring method applied to the field of drilling equipment, wherein the optical fiber sensing device comprises a multi-type optical fiber sensor arranged on a screw drilling tool and an optical fiber grating demodulator for monitoring data of the multi-type optical fiber sensor, the multi-type optical fiber sensor comprises a triaxial acceleration sensor, an optical fiber grating anchor cable dynamometer, an optical fiber grating patch manometer and a sensing optical cable, and the monitoring method of the drilling parameter comprises a construction method of a monitoring system of the drilling parameter, a calculation method of the drilling parameter and an imaging method of a wall of a drilling hole.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of drilling equipment, in particular to an optical fiber sensing device for while-drilling parameters of a screw drill and a monitoring method.
Background
The economic development of China is high, the basic energy utilization ratio is large, the demands on petroleum and coal resources are gradually increased, the unprecedented resource demand pressure is faced, and the development and utilization efficiency of resources is particularly important. In the field of mechanical drilling, how to obtain various real-time parameters including real-time drilling track, drilling pressure, returned mud quantity, hole wall quality and the like by using one-time drilling becomes an important difficulty.
The underground directional drilling construction mode of the coal mine is an important factor for ensuring the drilling efficiency, and the measurement while drilling generally adopts a mode of stopping drilling to measure the attitude of the drilling tool, namely stopping drilling work at intervals or at a certain drilling distance, so that measured data are obtained under the condition that the drilling tool does not rotate or vibrate; for the acquisition of drilling pressure, a well bottom drilling parameter measuring tool (a near-bit pressure system, an engineering parameter measuring instrument and the like) is adopted, so that the measured pressure torque is mainly, but no real drilling pressure data is obtained; in the prior art, abrasion of the rotor and the wall of the borehole on the wall of the stator tube in the screw drilling tool is mainly carried out in an indoor test and theoretical analysis, and the actual abrasion state of the tube wall is lack of actual monitoring, so that the abrasion state of the stator inner wall of the screw drilling tool cannot be truly reflected; most of borehole imaging technologies adopt drilling and then measurement or adopt three-dimensional geophysical prospecting technology to image the stratum, so that imaging conditions of borehole walls cannot be projected in real time, and certain hysteresis is achieved; the method is characterized in that the number of cylinder liners, the diameter of the cylinder liners and the stroke of the drilling fluid pump are firstly determined, then the flushing data in unit time are detected, and the flow of the drilling fluid is calculated, so that the phenomenon of overflow and lost circulation which are common in the drilling process can not be timely sensed, when the underground complex conditions such as well collapse and blowout caused by drilling are met, the drilling safety can not be ensured, and the screw drilling parameter optical fiber sensing device and the monitoring method are provided for solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Compared with the prior art, the screw drill parameter optical fiber sensing device comprises a multi-type optical fiber sensor arranged on a screw drill and an optical fiber grating demodulator for monitoring data of the multi-type optical fiber sensor, wherein the multi-type optical fiber sensor comprises a triaxial acceleration sensor, an optical fiber grating anchor cable dynamometer, an optical fiber grating patch manometer and a sensing optical cable, the screw drill comprises a drill rod and a drill bit, a rotor is fixed at the bottom of the drill rod, a stator matched with the rotor is fixed at the top of the drill bit, a transmission optical cable is arranged in the drill rod, and the multi-type optical fiber sensor is in communication connection with the optical fiber grating demodulator through the transmission optical cable;
the triaxial acceleration sensor sets up at the stator inside wall, and the triaxial acceleration sensor includes three group acceleration sensor, and three group acceleration sensor is installed according to X axle, Y axle and Z axle three-way respectively at the stator inside wall, is connected through the screw thread between the rear end of drill bit and the first section drilling rod, and fiber bragg grating anchor rope dynamometer is installed in screwed joint department, and sensing optical cable is the mode of pasting entirely of "ten" font and lays in the stator inboard, and fiber bragg grating paster formula manometer adopts the sheetmetal encapsulation, and fiber bragg grating paster formula manometer passes through spot welding mode to be fixed at the outside pipe wall of screw rod drilling tool.
Further, the multi-type optical fiber sensors are respectively connected with the optical fiber grating demodulators and are used for testing the posture, the pressure, the slurry pressure and the slurry outflow of the drill bit; the sensing optical cable is connected with the distributed optical fiber strain reflectometer and is used for testing the abrasion loss of the stator in the screw drilling tool in the drilling process; the transmission optical cable inside the drill rod is connected with the distributed optical fiber vibrator and is used for drilling imaging.
The method for monitoring the while-drilling parameters of the screw drill comprises a construction method of a while-drilling parameter monitoring system, a calculation method of the while-drilling parameters and a borehole wall imaging method.
Further, the construction method of the parameter while drilling monitoring system comprises the following specific steps: the transmission optical cable is laid in the drill rod and synchronously enters the drill hole with the drill rod, wherein one end of the transmission optical cable is connected with the sensing optical cable in the screw drilling tool, and the other end of the transmission optical cable is connected with the fiber bragg grating demodulator, the distributed fiber strain reflectometer and the distributed fiber vibrometer on the ground to monitor parameters while drilling in real time.
Further, the calculation method of the parameters while drilling comprises the calculation method of the parameters of the attitude while drilling, the pressure of the drill bit to the ground, the abrasion of the outer wall of the driving device and the flow rate of drilling fluid.
Further, the method for calculating the attitude while drilling comprises the following specific steps:
s1, setting a chip of the triaxial acceleration sensor to horizontally stand, wherein the gravity acceleration component in the X, Y direction is g, namely X=0; y=0; z=g;
s2, the position of a drill bit of a drilled hole is changed during measurement while drilling, particularly the drilling track is changed during the whole drilling process due to the adjustment of the direction of the drill bit, and the components gx, gy and gz of the gravity acceleration g of the drill bit on the X, Y, Z axis are measured by using a triaxial acceleration sensor, so that the theta in each direction can be calculated:
、/>、/>；
and S3, according to real-time data provided by monitoring each triaxial acceleration sensor in each direction, the angle between the drill rod and each axis during drilling can be determined by combining the drill rod length L and the angle value calculated by the measured acceleration value of each axis, so that the real-time gesture of the drilling tool at the position close to the drill bit can be obtained, and the real-time track of the drilling can be obtained by integrating the gesture and the drill rod length L.
Further, the method for calculating the earth pressure of the drill bit comprises the following specific steps:
s1, in the drilling process, calculating the pressure difference between the pressure born by a drill bit and the pressure applied by the drill to a drill rod by the drill, and analyzing the physical and mechanical properties of a stratum;
s2, applying pressure to the drill bit by the stratum, and measuring by a fiber bragg grating anchor cable dynamometer, wherein the pressure calculation formula is as follows:
。
further, the method for calculating the abrasion of the outer wall of the driving device comprises the following specific steps: according to the sensor optical cable laid on the inner side of the stator, the strain distribution of the medium-pressure injection rubber bushing on the inner wall of the steel pipe of the screw drilling tool is obtained, the abrasion loss of the inner wall of the stator is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
。
further, the method for calculating the drilling fluid flow rate parameter comprises the following specific steps:
s1, calculating the size of the slurry strain born by the outer wall of a stator according to a fiber bragg grating patch type pressure gauge, and calculating the slurry pressure and the slurry flow of the drilling fluid by strain;
the slurry flow calculation method based on the fiber grating patch-type pressure gauge comprises the following steps:
；
s2, calculating the slurry outflow quantity of the outer wall of the stator by using the slurry pressure P measured by the fiber bragg grating patch type pressure meter, and calculating the formula:
。
further, the borehole wall imaging method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, using a distributed optical fiber vibrator, taking a strong disturbance sound field of a stratum in a drilling process of a drill bit as a vibration source, and using a transmission optical cable in a drill rod as a signal receiving source to receive interference type sound wave signals in real time;
s2, based on the seismology principle, imaging the borehole wall by using the source information returned by the transmission optical cable, analyzing the propagation speed and amplitude of sound waves, and analyzing the physical properties and the integrity of the borehole wall rock and soil layer.
Compared with the prior art, the advantage of this application lies in:
according to the invention, by utilizing the characteristic that a stator in the screw drilling tool does not rotate, the screw drilling tool and a drill rod connected with the screw drilling tool are respectively provided with a plurality of types of optical fiber sensors and are connected with a transmission optical cable in the drill rod, the ground is connected with the optical fiber grating demodulator in series, the drilling posture, the drill bit pressure, the outer wall abrasion of the screw drilling tool and the drilling fluid flow rate are monitored, the wall of the well in the drilling range is imaged in real time, the underground drilling state is known in real time, the technical problem that the data of drilling monitoring in the prior art lacks of reality and timeliness is solved, the plurality of types of drilling data can be monitored at the same time, the real drilling pressure data can be fed back in time, the component abrasion in the screw drilling tool is monitored in real time, the inner wall abrasion state of the stator in the screw drilling tool is truly reflected, the imaging condition of the drilling well wall is timely reflected by utilizing an algorithm, the drilling fluid flow rate is timely perceived, the common overflow and lost in the drilling process can be timely perceived, the drilling safety is effectively ensured when the underground complex conditions such as well collapse and blowout are caused in the drilling are encountered, and the difficulty of adding and installing the screw drilling tool is small.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a front structure of an optical fiber sensing device according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bottom surface structure of an optical fiber sensing device according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the optical fiber sensing device proposed in the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical fiber sensing device according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the installation position of the triaxial acceleration sensor proposed in the present application in a progressive cavity drilling tool;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a classification of the screw drill while drilling parameter monitoring method set forth in the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a method for constructing a parameter while drilling monitoring system according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a borehole wall imaging method set forth in the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a method for calculating the attitude while drilling proposed in the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a method for calculating the pressure of a drill bit against the earth as proposed in the present application;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a method for calculating the wear of the outer wall of the driving device according to the present application;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a method for calculating a drilling fluid flow rate parameter set forth in the present application.
The reference numerals in the figures illustrate:
the three-axis acceleration sensor 1, the fiber bragg grating anchor cable dynamometer 2, the fiber bragg grating patch type pressure gauge 3, the sensing optical cable 4, the drill rod 5, the rotor 6, the drill bit 7, the threads 8, the transmission optical cable 9, the fiber bragg grating demodulator 10, the screw drilling tool 11 and the stator 12.
Detailed Description
The embodiments will be described in detail and throughout the specification with reference to the drawings, wherein, based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by persons skilled in the art without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the application.
Example 1:
the invention provides a screw drill while-drilling parameter optical fiber sensing device, referring to fig. 1-5, which comprises a multi-type optical fiber sensor and an optical fiber grating demodulator 10, wherein the multi-type optical fiber sensor is arranged on a screw drill 11, the multi-type optical fiber sensor comprises a triaxial acceleration sensor 1, an optical fiber grating anchor cable dynamometer 2, an optical fiber grating patch manometer 3 and a sensing optical cable 4, the screw drill 11 comprises a drill rod 5 and a drill bit 7, a rotor 6 is fixed at the bottom of the drill rod 5, a stator 12 matched with the rotor 6 is fixed at the top of the drill bit 7, a transmission optical cable 9 is arranged in the drill rod 5, the multi-type optical fiber sensor is in communication connection with the optical fiber grating demodulator 10 through the transmission optical cable 9, and the multi-type optical fiber sensor is respectively connected with the optical fiber grating demodulator 10 and is used for testing the posture, the pressure, the mud pressure and the mud outflow of the drill bit 7; the sensing optical cable 4 is connected with a distributed optical fiber strain reflectometer and is used for testing the abrasion loss of a stator 12 in the screw drilling tool 11 in the drilling process; the transmission optical cable 9 inside the drill rod 5 is connected with a distributed optical fiber vibrator for borehole imaging.
The specific connection mode is that all the multi-type optical fiber sensors in the screw drilling tool 11 are welded with the corresponding optical fibers in the transmission optical cable 9, the sensing optical cable 4 is welded with the corresponding optical fibers of the transmission optical cable 9, the transmission optical cable 9 is taken as a lead, the lead is led to the ground through the inner wall of a drill rod and is connected with the fiber bragg grating demodulator 10, the optical cables of the multi-type optical fiber sensors and the transmission optical cable 9 are multi-core tight-sleeve strain optical cables, wherein the multi-core tight-sleeve strain optical cable of the multi-type optical fiber sensors is of a 4-24-core structure, the diameter of the drill rod 5 is 50-76 mm, and the diameter of the sensing optical cable 4 is 2mm;
in this embodiment, the triaxial acceleration sensor 1 is disposed on the inner sidewall of the stator 12, the triaxial acceleration sensor 1 includes three groups of acceleration sensors, the three groups of acceleration sensors are respectively mounted on the inner sidewall of the stator 12 in three directions of the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis, rubber bushings are injected into the stator 12 in a pressing manner, the triaxial acceleration sensor 1 uses the rubber bushings as a protection housing, the triaxial acceleration sensor 1 adopts a three-dimensional plane mounting process, so that the position of the triaxial acceleration sensor 1 is kept in a three-dimensional plane in space, and the injection rubber bushings of the stator 12 are used as a protection housing, and the acceleration of the screw drilling tool 11 in the X, Y and Z axis directions can be sensed by the triaxial acceleration sensor 1, so that the angle change of the drill rod 5 on each axis can be measured;
the rear end of the drill bit 7 is connected with the first section of drill rod 5 through threads 8, the fiber bragg grating anchor rope dynamometer 2 is installed at a joint of the threads 8, the specific position of the fiber bragg grating anchor rope dynamometer 2 is at the joint of the rear end of the screw drilling tool 11 and the first section of drill rod 5, 50-100 m threads 8 are reserved when the first section of drill rod 5 is processed, the fiber bragg grating anchor rope dynamometer 2 is inserted into the threads 8 and fixed at the head of the first section of drill hole, the outer diameter range of the fiber bragg grating anchor rope dynamometer 2 is 45-70 mm, the specific outer diameter size is determined according to the diameter of the drill rod 5, and the consistency relation between the threads 8 and the screw drilling tool 11 is ensured;
the sensing optical cable 4 is paved between the stator 12 and the inner wall of the screw drilling tool 11, and the rubber bushing is used for protecting the paved sensing optical cable 4, the sensing optical cable 4 is a tight sleeve optical cable with the diameter of 2mm, and the sensing optical cable 4 is paved on the inner side of the stator 12 in a cross-shaped full-pasting mode;
the fiber bragg grating patch type pressure gauge 3 is packaged by a metal sheet, the fiber bragg grating patch type pressure gauge 3 is fixed on the outer side pipe wall of the screw drilling tool 11 in a spot welding mode, a hole of 3mm is drilled at the bottom end of the first section of drilling rod 5, a lead wire of the fiber bragg grating patch type pressure gauge 3 is welded through a transmission optical cable 9 integrated in the hole, and the packaging size of the metal sheet of the fiber bragg grating patch type pressure gauge 3 is controlled to be 20 multiplied by 125mm.
In this embodiment, the fiber bragg grating demodulator 10 is respectively connected with a plurality of types of fiber optic sensors to test the posture, pressure, mud pressure and mud outflow of the drill bit 7, and it should be noted that the sensing optical cable 4 is connected with a Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (BOTDR)/brillouin optical time domain reflectometer (BOTDA), to test the abrasion loss of the stator 12 in the screw drilling tool 11 during drilling; the transmission cable 9 inside the drill pipe 5 is also connected to a distributed fibre optic vibrator (DAS) for borehole imaging.
Example 2:
the present invention provides a method for monitoring parameters of a screw drill while drilling, please refer to fig. 1-12, wherein the same or corresponding components as those in embodiment 1 are denoted by the corresponding reference numerals as those in embodiment 1, and only the differences from embodiment 1 are described below for the sake of brevity:
the method for monitoring the while-drilling parameters of the screw drill is suitable for the optical fiber sensing device for the while-drilling parameters of the screw drill, which is provided by the embodiment 1, and comprises a construction method of a while-drilling parameter monitoring system, a calculation method of the while-drilling parameters and a borehole wall imaging method.
Referring to fig. 7, the method for constructing the parameter while drilling monitoring system specifically includes the following steps: the transmission optical cable 9 is paved inside the drill rod 5 and synchronously enters a borehole with the drill rod 5, wherein one end of the transmission optical cable 9 is connected with the sensing optical cable 4 in the screw drilling tool 11, and the other end of the transmission optical cable 9 is connected with the fiber bragg grating demodulator 10, the distributed fiber strain reflectometer and the distributed fiber vibrometer on the ground to monitor parameters while drilling in real time.
Referring to fig. 6, the calculation method of the while-drilling parameter includes the calculation method of the while-drilling posture, the pressure of the drill bit to the ground, the abrasion of the outer wall of the driving device, and the drilling fluid flow rate parameter;
referring to fig. 9, the method for calculating the attitude while drilling specifically includes the following steps:
s1, setting a chip of the triaxial acceleration sensor 1 to horizontally stand, wherein the gravity acceleration component in the X, Y direction is 0, and the gravity acceleration component in the Z-axis direction is g, namely X=0; y=0; z=g;
s2, the position of a drill bit 7 of a drilled hole is changed during measurement while drilling, particularly, the drilling track is changed during the whole drilling process due to the adjustment of the direction of the drill bit 7, and the components gx, gy and gz of the gravitational acceleration g of the drill bit 7 on the X, Y, Z axis are measured by using the triaxial acceleration sensor 1, so that the theta in each direction can be calculated:
、/>、/>；
s3, according to real-time data provided by monitoring each triaxial acceleration sensor 1 in each direction, the angle between the drill rod and each axis during drilling can be determined by combining the length L of the drill rod 5 and the angle value calculated by the measured acceleration value of each axis, so that the real-time gesture of the drilling tool at the position close to the drill bit 7 can be obtained, and the real-time track of the drilling can be obtained by integrating the gesture and the length L of the drill rod 5.
Referring to fig. 10, the method for calculating the pressure of the drill bit to the earth comprises the following specific steps:
s1, in the drilling process, calculating the pressure difference between the pressure born by the drill bit 7 and the pressure applied by the drilling machine to the drill rod 5, and analyzing the physical and mechanical properties of the stratum;
s2, applying pressure to the drill bit 7 by the stratum, and measuring by the fiber bragg grating anchor cable dynamometer 2, wherein the pressure calculation formula is as follows:
wherein->For the bit 7 pressure value, +.>For the strain quantity measured by the fiber grating anchor cable dynamometer 2, < ->The Young's modulus of the fiber grating anchor cable dynamometer 2.
Referring to fig. 11, the method for calculating the wear of the outer wall of the driving device includes the following specific steps: according to the sensor optical cable 4 paved on the inner side of the stator 12, the strain distribution of the medium-pressure injection rubber bushing in the inner wall of the steel pipe of the screw drilling tool 11 is obtained, and the abrasion loss of the inner wall of the stator 12 is calculated, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
。
wherein,for the wear of the inner wall of the screw drilling tool 11 +.>For the wear coefficient>For the cross-sectional area of the screw drilling tool 11>For the strain value measured for the sensor cable 4, -, is shown>For the modulus of elasticity of the screw drilling tool 11 +.>For the material hardness of the screw drilling tool 11, +.>Is the diameter of the sensing fiber optic cable 4.
Referring to fig. 12, the method for calculating the drilling fluid flow rate parameter includes the following specific steps: according to the fiber bragg grating patch-type pressure gauge 3, calculating the size of the slurry strain born by the outer wall of the stator 12, and calculating the slurry pressure and slurry flow of the drilling fluid flowing out through the strain;
the slurry flow calculation method based on the fiber grating patch-type pressure gauge 3 comprises the following steps:
。
wherein,is mud pressure>Is the strain optical sensitivity coefficient, < >>Is the change of the reflection wavelength, +.>Young's modulus sensed by the fiber grating.
Calculating the slurry outflow quantity of the outer wall of the stator 12 by using the slurry pressure P measured by the fiber bragg grating patch type pressure gauge 3, and calculating the formula:
wherein (1)>For the slurry amount>For the area between the borehole wall and the drill rod 5>For the concentration of mud>Is time.
Referring to fig. 8, the method for imaging the borehole wall comprises the following specific steps:
the distributed optical fiber vibrometer is utilized, a strong disturbance sound field of a stratum in the drilling process of the drill bit 7 is used as a vibration source, the transmission optical cable 9 in the drill rod 5 is used as a signal receiving source, interference type sound wave signals are received in real time, the wall of a drilling hole is imaged based on the seismology principle, the propagation speed and the amplitude of sound waves are analyzed, and the physical property and the integrity of a rock and soil layer of the wall of the hole are analyzed.
According to the invention, by utilizing the characteristic that the stator 12 in the screw drilling tool 11 does not rotate, the screw drilling tool 11 and the drill rod 5 connected with the screw drilling tool 11 are respectively provided with a plurality of types of optical fiber sensors, and the transmission optical cable 9 in the drill rod 5 is connected, after the ground is connected with the optical fiber grating demodulator 10 in series, the state while drilling, the bit pressure, the outer wall abrasion of the screw drilling tool 11 and the drilling fluid flow rate are monitored, the wall of the well in the drilling range is imaged in real time, the underground drilling state is known in real time, the technical problems of lack of authenticity and timeliness of drilling monitoring data in the prior art are solved, the plurality of types of drilling data can be monitored simultaneously, real drilling pressure data can be fed back in time, the abrasion of components in the screw drilling tool 11 is monitored in real time, the inner wall abrasion state of the stator 12 in the screw drilling tool 11 is truly reflected, the imaging situation of the wall of the drilling well is projected in real time by utilizing an algorithm, the drilling fluid flow rate is perceived in time, the common overflow and well leakage phenomena in the drilling process can be perceived in time, and the underground complex conditions such as well collapse, blowout and the like are caused when the drilling is encountered in time, the safety is effectively ensured, and the improvement difficulty of the screw drilling tool 11 is small.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application, which is used in connection with the actual requirement, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto.
Claims (10)
1. The screw drill while-drilling parameter optical fiber sensing device comprises a multi-type optical fiber sensor and an optical fiber grating demodulator (10) which are arranged on a screw drill (11), wherein the multi-type optical fiber sensor is used for monitoring data of the multi-type optical fiber sensor, the screw drill is characterized in that the multi-type optical fiber sensor comprises a triaxial acceleration sensor (1), an optical fiber grating anchor cable dynamometer (2), an optical fiber grating patch manometer (3) and a sensing optical cable (4), the screw drill (11) comprises a drill rod (5) and a drill bit (7), a rotor (6) is fixed at the bottom of the drill rod (5), a stator (12) matched with the rotor (6) is fixed at the top of the drill bit (7), a transmission optical cable (9) is arranged in the drill rod (5), and the multi-type optical fiber sensor is in communication connection with the optical fiber grating demodulator (10) through the transmission optical cable (9);
the three-axis acceleration sensor (1) is arranged on the inner side wall of the stator (12), the three-axis acceleration sensor (1) comprises three groups of acceleration sensors, the three groups of acceleration sensors are respectively arranged on the inner side wall of the stator (12) according to an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis in a three-way mode, the rear end of the drill bit (7) is connected with the first section of drill rod (5) through threads (8), the fiber bragg grating anchor cable dynamometer (2) is arranged at a joint of the threads (8), the sensing optical cable (4) is paved on the inner side of the stator (12) in a cross-shaped full-pasting mode, the fiber bragg grating patch type manometer (3) is packaged by metal sheets, and the fiber bragg grating patch type manometer (3) is fixed on the outer side pipe wall of the screw drilling tool (11) through a spot welding mode.
2. The screw drill while drilling parameter optical fiber sensing device according to claim 1, wherein the multi-type optical fiber sensors are respectively connected with an optical fiber grating demodulator (10) for testing the posture, pressure, mud pressure and mud outflow of the drill bit (7);
the sensing optical cable (4) is connected with the distributed optical fiber strain reflectometer and is used for testing the abrasion loss of a stator (12) in the screw drilling tool (11) in the drilling process;
the transmission optical cable (9) inside the drill rod (5) is connected with the distributed optical fiber vibrator and used for drilling imaging.
3. The method for monitoring the parameters while drilling of the screw drill is suitable for the optical fiber sensing device for the parameters while drilling of the screw drill according to claim 1 and is characterized by comprising a construction method of a monitoring system for the parameters while drilling, a calculation method of the parameters while drilling and a borehole wall imaging method.
4. The method for monitoring the while-drilling parameters of the screw drill according to claim 3, wherein the method for constructing the while-drilling parameter monitoring system comprises the following specific steps: the transmission optical cable (9) is paved inside the drill rod (5) and synchronously enters the drill hole with the drill rod (5), one end of the transmission optical cable (9) is connected with the sensing optical cable (4) in the screw drilling tool (11), and the other end of the transmission optical cable (9) is connected with the fiber bragg grating demodulator (10), the distributed fiber strain reflector and the distributed fiber vibration meter on the ground for real-time monitoring of parameters while drilling.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method of calculating the while-drilling parameter comprises a method of calculating a while-drilling attitude, a bit-to-ground pressure, a driving device outer wall wear, and a drilling fluid flow rate parameter.
6. The method for monitoring the while-drilling parameters of the screw drill according to claim 5, wherein the method for calculating the while-drilling attitude comprises the following specific steps:
s1, setting a chip of the triaxial acceleration sensor (1) to be horizontally placed, wherein the gravity acceleration component in the X, Y direction is 0, and the gravity acceleration component in the Z-axis direction is g, namely X=0; y=0; z=g;
s2, the position of a drill bit (7) for drilling in measurement while drilling is changed, particularly, the drilling track is changed in the whole drilling process due to the adjustment of the direction of the drill bit (7), and the components gx, gy and gz of the gravity acceleration g of the drill bit (7) on the X, Y, Z axis are measured by using a triaxial acceleration sensor (1), so that the theta in each direction can be calculated:
、/>、/>；
s3, according to real-time data provided by monitoring of all three-axis acceleration sensors (1) in all directions, the angle between the drill rod and each axis during drilling can be determined by combining the length L of the drill rod (5) and the angle value calculated by the measured acceleration value of each axis, so that the real-time gesture of the drilling tool at the position close to the drill bit (7) can be obtained, and the real-time track of the drilling can be obtained by integrating the gesture and the length L of the drill rod (5).
7. The method for monitoring the while-drilling parameters of the screw drill according to claim 5, wherein the method for calculating the pressure of the drill bit to the ground comprises the following specific steps:
s1, in the drilling process, calculating the pressure difference between the pressure born by a drill bit (7) and the pressure applied by the drill to a drill rod (5), and analyzing the physical and mechanical properties of the stratum;
s2, applying pressure to the drill bit (7) by the stratum, and measuring by the fiber bragg grating anchor cable dynamometer (2), wherein the pressure calculation formula is as follows:
wherein->For the bit 7 pressure value, +.>For the strain quantity measured by the fiber grating anchor cable dynamometer (2)>The Young modulus of the fiber grating anchor cable dynamometer (2) is obtained.
8. The method for monitoring the while-drilling parameters of the screw drill according to claim 5, wherein the method for calculating the wear of the outer wall of the driving device comprises the following specific steps: according to a sensing optical cable (4) paved on the inner side of a stator (12), strain distribution of a medium-pressure injection rubber bushing in the inner wall of a steel pipe of a screw drilling tool (11) is obtained, and the inner wall abrasion loss of the stator (12) is calculated according to the calculation formula:
wherein->Is the abrasion loss of the inner wall of the screw drilling tool (11)>For the wear coefficient>Is the cross-sectional area of the screw drilling tool (11),for the strain value measured for the sensing cable (4)>For the modulus of elasticity of the screw drilling tool (11), ->For the material hardness of the screw drilling tool (11), +.>Is the diameter of the sensing optical cable (4).
9. The method for monitoring while drilling parameters of the screw drill according to claim 5, wherein the method for calculating the drilling fluid flow rate parameter comprises the following specific steps:
s1, calculating the size of slurry strain born by the outer wall of a stator (12) according to a fiber bragg grating patch type pressure gauge (3), and calculating the slurry pressure and slurry flow of drilling fluid flowing out through the strain;
the slurry flow calculation method based on the fiber grating patch type pressure gauge (3) comprises the following steps:
wherein->Is mud pressure>Is the strain optical sensitivity coefficient, < >>Is the change of the reflection wavelength, +.>Young's modulus sensed by the fiber grating;
s2, calculating the slurry outflow quantity of the outer wall of the stator (12) by using the slurry pressure P measured by the fiber bragg grating patch type pressure gauge (3), and adopting a calculation formula:
wherein->For the slurry amount>For the area between the borehole wall and the drill rod (5)>For the concentration of mud>Is time.
10. The method for monitoring the while-drilling parameters of the screw drill according to claim 3, wherein the method for imaging the wall of the borehole comprises the following specific steps:
s1, using a distributed optical fiber vibrator, taking a strong disturbance sound field of a stratum in the drilling process of a drill bit (7) as a vibration source, and using a transmission optical cable (9) in a drill rod (5) as a signal receiving source to receive interference type sound wave signals in real time;
s2, based on the seismology principle, imaging the borehole wall by using the seismic source information returned by the transmission optical cable (9), analyzing the propagation speed and amplitude of sound waves, and analyzing the physical properties and the integrity of the borehole wall rock and soil layer.
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| CN103696760A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-02 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Near-bit measurement while drilling sound wave short distance transmission method and transmission device |
| CN111894560A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Leakage detection and plugging method while drilling in drilling process |
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| CN114658355A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-06-24 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Coal mine underground hole bottom self-generating wired geological guiding measurement while drilling system and method |
| CN117386291A (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2024-01-12 | 开滦建设(集团)有限责任公司 | Short-vertical-distance shallow-layer long-distance horizontal drilling grouting water control equipment and method |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103696760A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-02 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Near-bit measurement while drilling sound wave short distance transmission method and transmission device |
| CN111894560A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Leakage detection and plugging method while drilling in drilling process |
| CN114370295A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-19 | 山东塔高矿业机械装备制造有限公司 | Sliding type anti-toppling advance support hydraulic support and action method thereof |
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