CN117875796A - Highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of highway tunnel maintenance, in particular to a highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation method, which comprises the following steps: calculating annual operation energy consumption of the highway tunnel within a threshold range based on the highway tunnel energy consumption evaluation index; calculating the maintenance efficiency coefficient of annual operation of the highway tunnel; calculating a highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation coefficient; dividing the road tunnel maintenance level grade based on the maintenance level evaluation coefficient; the energy consumption evaluation index of the highway tunnel comprises the tunnel length and the traffic volume, and compared with the prior art, the energy consumption evaluation index of the highway tunnel has the following beneficial effects: the method aims at comprehensively considering each component of highway tunnel maintenance, taking the maintenance efficacy as a calculation standard, evaluating the maintenance level by comparing the energy consumption with the efficacy, grading according to the maintenance level, adopting corresponding treatment measures, reducing the energy consumption and realizing the green investment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of highway tunnel maintenance, in particular to a highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation method.
Background
The green energy consumption maintenance is a goal that needs to be achieved by the road tunnel maintenance, along with the development of the national green energy conservation strategy, how to implement the green evaluation of the road tunnel maintenance is more and more emphasized, and the green energy consumption evaluation aims at: the method has the advantages that the operation of the highway tunnel is ensured, meanwhile, the input energy consumption is reduced as much as possible, the point of balance between the input and the operation is achieved, the unnecessary energy consumption loss is reduced as much as possible, and the energy utilization maximization is achieved, and the maintenance input of the highway tunnel is related to the level of providing services for the public and the society, so that the reasonable input of the highway tunnel is obtained, the operation of the tunnel is ensured, the rationality of the maintenance energy consumption of the highway tunnel is increased, and the technical difficulty of comprehensive evaluation is reached.
The existing tunnel maintenance evaluation is mainly started from the civil structure of the tunnel, the comprehensive tunnel maintenance energy consumption evaluation is lacked, the efficacy of various indexes of tunnel maintenance is not considered in the maintenance evaluation, and the actual maintenance rule of tunnel operation is not met.
Therefore, the development of the road tunnel maintenance level evaluation method has urgent research value, good economic benefit and industrial application potential, and is the basis of the power of the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and have completed the present invention after a great deal of creative effort.
Specifically, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the method for evaluating the maintenance level of the highway tunnel is provided for solving the technical problem.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation method comprises the following steps:
calculating annual operation energy consumption of the highway tunnel within a threshold range based on the highway tunnel energy consumption evaluation index;
calculating the maintenance efficiency coefficient of annual operation of the highway tunnel;
calculating a highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation coefficient;
dividing the road tunnel maintenance level grade based on the maintenance level evaluation coefficient;
the energy consumption evaluation index of the highway tunnel comprises tunnel length and traffic volume.
In the invention, as an improvement, the annual energy consumption of the highway tunnelMThe calculation is as follows:
；
wherein:Min order to put in total energy consumption for each year of maintenance,m v energy consumption for tunnel lighting facilities,m f Energy consumption for ventilation facilities,m j For the maintenance and energy consumption of the tunnel,m o other energy consumption;
the annual energy consumption calculation within the threshold range includes:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,Sthe energy consumption is annual;Lis the tunnel threshold length;Qthe unit is ten thousands of annual traffic.
In the present invention, as an improvement, the maintenance efficiency coefficient of the highway tunnel includes a tunnel ventilation efficiency coefficient, a tunnel illumination efficiency coefficient, and a tunnel technical condition value change coefficient.
In the present invention, as an improvement, the tunnel ventilation efficiency coefficient calculation includes:
establishing a tunnel ventilation utility level of each day in the evaluation year based on the highway tunnel operation specification;
obtaining a daily ventilation quantification standard value according to the utility grade;
calculating the ventilation efficiency coefficient of the tunnelVThe calculation formula is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,n i for the utility level quantization standard value,T vi to evaluate the ventilation efficacy quantification standard value within the year asn i Is a number of days.
In the present invention, as an improvement, tunnel illumination efficacy coefficient calculation includes:
establishing a tunnel illumination utility level of each day in an evaluation year based on highway tunnel operation specifications;
obtaining a daily lighting quantification standard value according to the utility grade;
calculating tunnel illumination efficacy coefficientFThe calculation formula is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,n i for the utility level quantization standard value,T ri to evaluate the standard value of the illumination efficacy in the year asn i Is a number of days.
In the present invention, as an improvement, the tunnel technology state value change coefficientJ 0 The calculation is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,ifor the state of the art value of one year on a highway tunnel,L i the technical state value of one year on the highway tunnel isiIs used for the length of the segment of (c),jfor the state of the art value of the road tunnel evaluation year,L j the evaluation annual technical condition value for the highway tunnel is as followsjIs a segment length of (2);
the tunnel technical condition value is the value of the highway tunnel maintenance standard grade corresponding to the actual highway tunnel technical condition, wherein 1 to 5 grades of the highway tunnel maintenance standard are respectively corresponding to the values of 1 to 5.
In the invention, as an improvement, the tunnel technical condition value change coefficient is converted and then applied to calculation of the highway tunnel maintenance efficacy coefficient, wherein the conversion of the tunnel technical condition value change coefficient comprises the following steps:
determining the value range of the technical condition value change coefficient;
converting the value range of the technical condition value change coefficient into the corresponding value in the value range of the quantization standard value to obtain the technical condition value change coefficient for calculating the highway tunnel maintenance efficacy coefficientJ 1 。
In the invention, as an improvement, the road tunnel maintenance efficacy coefficient is calculated as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,α、β、γthe tunnel ventilation efficiency coefficient, the illumination efficiency coefficient and the technical condition value change coefficient weight are respectively calculated as follows:
。
in the invention, as an improvement, the highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation coefficient is calculated by adopting the following formula:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,S o for the standard value of the maintenance cost of the highway tunnel to be evaluated,δthe energy consumption scale influence coefficient of the highway tunnel is obtained;
the values of the influence coefficients of the energy consumption scale of the highway tunnel are as follows:
the energy consumption influence coefficient of the short tunnel with the length of less than 500 meters is 1;
the influence coefficients of the middle tunnel, the long tunnel and the extra-long tunnel are the ratio of the comprehensive energy consumption average value to the short tunnel comprehensive energy consumption average value.
In the present invention, as an improvement, the road tunnel maintenance level class is classified as follows:
GCwhen the grade is more than 1.1, the grade is 1, and the lighting and ventilation facilities are upgraded and modified, so that the energy consumption of the tunnel is reduced;
1＜GCwhen the level is less than 1.1, the level is 2, the regulation and control management of lighting and ventilation facilities is enhanced, and the operation of energy consumption facilities is controlled according to traffic flow;
0.95＜GCwhen the grade is less than or equal to 1, the grade is 3, the daily overhaul and maintenance are enhanced, the reduction of the tunnel technical condition is avoided, and the energy consumption management and control level is improved;
0.9＜GCwhen the grade is less than or equal to 0.95, the grade is 4, and conventional overhaul and maintenance are adopted, so that the technical condition of the existing tunnel is maintained;
GCwhen the grade is less than or equal to 0.9, the grade is 5, and the conventional overhaul and maintenance are adopted, so that the technical condition of the existing tunnel is maintained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The method aims at comprehensively considering each component of highway tunnel maintenance, taking the maintenance efficacy as a calculation standard, evaluating the maintenance level by comparing the energy consumption with the efficacy, grading according to the maintenance level, adopting corresponding treatment measures, reducing the energy consumption and realizing the green investment.
(2) The method introduces a new evaluation mechanism in the maintenance level evaluation, is different from the prior maintenance level evaluation, takes the disease of the civil structure as a standard, reflects the maintenance level through systematic evaluation, and further determines the energy consumption level.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. Like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals throughout the several figures. In the drawings, elements or portions thereof are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the evaluation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and thus are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
A highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation method comprises the following steps:
calculating the energy consumption of the highway tunnel;
calculating a highway tunnel maintenance efficiency coefficient;
calculating a highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation coefficient;
and (5) dividing the maintenance level grade according to the maintenance level evaluation coefficient, and taking corresponding disposal measures.
The energy consumption calculation is based on tunnel parameters related to highway tunnel maintenance, including tunnel length, operation duration and traffic volume, and the energy consumption investment difference of different parameters is large, so that the threshold range of the parameters needs to be set in the energy consumption calculation.
Annual total energy consumption of highway tunnelMThe method comprises the steps of tunnel lighting facility energy consumption ventilation facility energy consumption, tunnel maintenance energy consumption and other energy consumption, wherein the values of all the energy consumption can be obtained according to the actual investment of the highway tunnel.
The highway tunnel energy consumption calculation within the threshold range adopts the following formula:
in the method, in the process of the invention,Sthe energy consumption is annual;Lis the tunnel threshold length;Qthe unit is ten thousands of annual traffic.
The tunnel maintenance efficacy coefficient reflects maintenance efficiency and efficacy generated by maintenance, wherein the maintenance efficacy coefficient comprises a tunnel ventilation efficacy coefficient, a tunnel illumination efficacy coefficient and a tunnel technical condition value change coefficient.
In the calculation of the tunnel illumination efficiency coefficient and the tunnel ventilation efficiency coefficient, firstly, the illumination and ventilation utility grades are divided according to the illumination and ventilation design standard, wherein the qualification is that the illumination and ventilation utility accords with the design standard, and the illumination and ventilation utility is considered to accord with the design standard between 110% and 90%, and the corresponding quantification standard value is 1; the excellent lighting and ventilation effects are higher than 110% of design standard, and the corresponding quantization standard value is 1.1; the difference is that the illumination and ventilation effects are lower than the design standard by 90%, the corresponding quantized standard value is 0.9, and the effect level and the corresponding standard quantized value are shown in table 1:
table 1 tunnel ventilation and lighting utility grading
| Utility grade | Excellent quality | Qualified product | Difference of difference |
| Quantization standard value n | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 |
Efficiency coefficient of tunnel ventilationVThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein,n i as a standard value for quantization of utility levels,T vi to evaluate the ventilation efficacy quantification standard value within the year asn i Is a number of days.
In the calculation of the tunnel ventilation efficiency coefficient, different utility level quantization standard values in one year and corresponding days thereof are required to be calculated and summed respectively.
Efficiency coefficient of tunnel illuminationFThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,n i for the standard values of quantization for different utility levels,T ri to evaluate the standard value of the illumination efficacy in the year asn i Is a number of days.
The tunnel illumination efficiency coefficient calculation is similar to the ventilation efficiency coefficient calculation, and the quantification standard values of different utility levels and the corresponding days thereof are calculated and summed.
The calculation of the tunnel state value change coefficient is defined by the annual state value and the ratio of the conforming section, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,ifor the state of the art value of one year on a highway tunnel,L i the technical state value of one year on the highway tunnel isiIs used for the length of the segment of (c),jthe annual state of the art values are evaluated for the highway tunnel,L j the annual state of technology value for highway tunnel evaluation isjIs a segment length of (c).
Wherein, the technical condition value is 1-5 corresponding to 5 grades in the highway tunnel maintenance standard, and the change coefficient of the tunnel technical condition valueJThe value of (2) is 0.2-5, and when the technical condition value is 4 or 5, the tunnel is generatedThe serious problem is that the traffic is required to be interrupted for reinforcement treatment, and the traffic is not in the maintenance category, so that the technical condition value of the tunnel is 1-3 under the maintenance condition, and meanwhile, the whole tunnel cannot be a single technical condition value, and the value range of the change coefficient of the technical condition value is 0.5-1.5 under the maintenance condition.
In the calculation of the tunnel maintenance efficiency coefficient, in order to avoid the influence of the change of the value on the ventilation efficiency coefficient and the illumination efficiency coefficient of the submerged tunnel, the change coefficient of the technical condition value needs to be calculatedJThe conversion is carried out within the same coefficient range, namely, the range of 0.9-1.1, and the conversion process is as follows:
（1）J 0 when the temperature is less than or equal to 1,
and is also provided withJ 0 When the temperature is less than or equal to 0.5,J 0 =0.9
（2）J 0 when the temperature is more than or equal to 1,
（3） J 0 when the temperature is more than or equal to 1.5,J 0 1.1.
Tunnel efficiency maintenance coefficientCThe calculation is as follows:
wherein,α、β、γthe tunnel ventilation efficiency coefficient, the illumination efficiency coefficient and the technical condition value change coefficient weight are respectively calculated as follows:
。
the highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation coefficient is a comprehensive reflection of the highway tunnel energy consumption, the maintenance efficacy and the highway tunnel body energy consumption scale influence, and the highway tunnel energy consumption scale influence is divided into different types based on tunnel lengthBy researching parameters of tunnel types with different lengths, short tunnels with lengths below 500 meters have lower influence of ventilation, illumination and various indexes on highway tunnel operation, so that the energy consumption scale influence coefficient of short tunnels with lengths below 500 meters is smallerδThe influence coefficients of the middle tunnel, the long tunnel and the extra-long tunnel with the length of more than 500 meters are 1, and the ratio of the comprehensive energy consumption average value to the short tunnel comprehensive energy consumption average value is obtained.
Highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation coefficientGCThe calculation is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,S 0 the minimum maintenance cost required when the lighting and ventilation effects are designed and the technical condition is rated as grade 1 is achieved for the highway tunnel to be rated all the year round, and is used as the standard value of the highway tunnel maintenance cost,δand the energy consumption scale influence coefficient of the highway tunnel.
According to the green maintenance level evaluation coefficient of the highway tunnelGCThe values, for the green maintenance level class of the highway tunnel, are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 Highway Tunnel greening maintenance level grading
| Grading | Division criteria | Embodying the following | Suggested measures |
| 1 | GC＞1.1 | Very poor | Upgrade and reconstruction of illumination and ventilation facilities are carried out, and tunnel energy consumption is reduced |
| 2 | 1＜GC＜1.1 | Difference of difference | Energy-saving technology for controlling operation of energy-consuming facilities according to traffic flow by enhancing regulation and control management of lighting and ventilation facilities |
| 3 | 0.95＜GC≤1 | In general | The daily maintenance is enhanced, the reduction of tunnel technical conditions is avoided, the mature energy-saving technology is introduced in time, and the energy consumption management and water control are improved Flat plate |
| 4 | 0.9＜GC≤0.95 | Good grade (good) | Adopting a conventional maintenance strategy to maintain the prior tunnel technical condition |
| 5 | GC≤0.9 | Excellent (excellent) | Adopting a conventional maintenance strategy to maintain the prior tunnel technical condition |
And taking corresponding treatment measures according to the divided maintenance level.
Embodiment one:
in this embodiment, the highway tunnel energy consumption calculation within the threshold range adopts the energy consumption calculation of ten thousand vehicles per kilometer, so that the highway tunnel annual energy consumption of ten thousand vehicles per kilometer is achievedS a The method comprises the following steps:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,S a and consumes energy for ten thousands of vehicles per kilometer in a year.
Highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation coefficientGCThe method comprises the following steps:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,S 0 the minimum maintenance cost required when the lighting and ventilation effects are designed and the technical condition is rated as grade 1 is achieved for the highway tunnel to be rated all the year round, and is used as the standard value of the highway tunnel maintenance cost,δand the energy consumption scale influence coefficient of the highway tunnel.
Embodiment two:
the total length of a highway tunnel is 2.5km, the annual traffic volume of the tunnel is 43 ten thousand, the annual lighting facility energy consumption cost of the tunnel is 20 ten thousand yuan, the ventilation facility energy consumption cost is 10 ten thousand yuan, the maintenance energy consumption is 15 ten thousand yuan, and the other energy consumption cost is 5 ten thousand yuan. In the annual operation process, the number of days with good ventilation effect is 311 days, the number of days with qualified ventilation effect is 38 days, and the number of days with poor ventilation effect is 16 days; the number of days with good lighting effect was 32 days, the number of days with qualified lighting effect was 329 days, and the number of days with poor lighting effect was 4 days. The length of the section with the technical condition value of 1 of the tunnel is 2km, the section with the technical condition value of 2 is 400m, and the section with the technical condition value of 3 is 100m; the length of the section with the technical condition value of 1 of the previous year tunnel is 2.2km, and the section with the technical condition value of 2 is 300m.
(1) Calculating the annual energy consumption of ten thousand vehicles per kilometer of highway tunnelS：
。
(2) Calculating ventilation efficiency coefficient of highway tunnelV
。
(3) Calculating the illumination efficiency coefficient of the highway tunnelF
。
(4) Calculating tunnel technical condition value change coefficientJ 0
。
(5) Calculating weights
。
(6) Calculating tunnel maintenance efficacy coefficientC
。
(7) Calculating tunnel body energy consumption scale influence coefficientδ
。
(8) Calculating the green maintenance level evaluation coefficient of the highway tunnel
。
(9) Assessing the level of greening maintenance of a highway tunnel
GC＜0.9。
The green maintenance level of the tunnel is superior, and a conventional maintenance strategy is adopted to maintain the technical condition of the existing tunnel.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and description.
Claims (10)
1. The highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
calculating annual operation energy consumption of the highway tunnel within a threshold range based on the highway tunnel energy consumption evaluation index;
calculating the maintenance efficiency coefficient of annual operation of the highway tunnel;
calculating a highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation coefficient;
dividing the road tunnel maintenance level grade based on the maintenance level evaluation coefficient;
the energy consumption evaluation index of the highway tunnel comprises tunnel length and traffic volume.
2. The highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein: annual energy consumption of highway tunnelMThe calculation is as follows:
；
wherein:Min order to put in total energy consumption for each year of maintenance,m v energy consumption for tunnel lighting facilities,m f Energy consumption for ventilation facilities,m j For the maintenance and energy consumption of the tunnel,m o other energy consumption;
the annual energy consumption calculation within the threshold range includes:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,Sthe energy consumption is annual;Lis the tunnel threshold length;Qthe unit is ten thousands of annual traffic.
3. The highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein: the maintenance efficiency coefficient of the highway tunnel comprises a tunnel ventilation efficiency coefficient, a tunnel illumination efficiency coefficient and a tunnel technical condition value change coefficient.
4. The highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the tunnel ventilation efficacy coefficient calculation comprises:
establishing a tunnel ventilation utility level of each day in the evaluation year based on the highway tunnel operation specification;
obtaining a daily ventilation quantification standard value according to the utility grade;
calculating the ventilation efficiency coefficient of the tunnelVThe calculation formula is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,n i for the utility level quantization standard value,T vi to evaluate the ventilation efficacy quantification standard value within the year asn i Is a number of days.
5. The highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein: the tunnel illumination efficacy coefficient calculation includes:
establishing a tunnel illumination utility level of each day in an evaluation year based on highway tunnel operation specifications;
obtaining a daily lighting quantification standard value according to the utility grade;
calculating tunnel illumination efficacy coefficientFThe calculation formula is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,n i for the utility level quantization standard value,T ri to evaluate the standard value of the illumination efficacy in the year asn i Is a number of days.
6. The method for evaluating the maintenance level of a highway tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the tunnel state of the art value change coefficientJ 0 The calculation is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,ifor the state of the art value of one year on a highway tunnel,L i the technical state value of one year on the highway tunnel isiIs used for the length of the segment of (c),jfor the state of the art value of the road tunnel evaluation year,L j the evaluation annual technical condition value for the highway tunnel is as followsjIs a segment length of (2);
the tunnel technical condition value is the value of the highway tunnel maintenance standard grade corresponding to the actual highway tunnel technical condition, wherein 1 to 5 grades of the highway tunnel maintenance standard are respectively corresponding to the values of 1 to 5.
7. The highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation method according to claim 6, wherein: the converted tunnel technical condition value change coefficient is applied to calculation of the highway tunnel maintenance efficacy coefficient, wherein the conversion of the tunnel technical condition value change coefficient comprises the following steps:
determining the value range of the technical condition value change coefficient;
converting the value range of the technical condition value change coefficient into the corresponding value in the value range of the quantization standard value to obtain the technical condition value change coefficient for calculating the highway tunnel maintenance efficacy coefficientJ 1 。
8. The highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein highway tunnel maintenance efficacy coefficients are calculated as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,α、β、γthe tunnel ventilation efficiency coefficient, the illumination efficiency coefficient and the technical condition value change coefficient weight are respectively calculated as follows:
。
9. the highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the highway tunnel maintenance level evaluation coefficient is calculated by the following formula:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,S o for the standard value of the maintenance cost of the highway tunnel to be evaluated,δthe energy consumption scale influence coefficient of the highway tunnel is obtained;
the values of the influence coefficients of the energy consumption scale of the highway tunnel are as follows:
the energy consumption influence coefficient of the short tunnel with the length of less than 500 meters is 1;
the influence coefficients of the middle tunnel, the long tunnel and the extra-long tunnel are the ratio of the comprehensive energy consumption average value to the short tunnel comprehensive energy consumption average value.
10. The method for evaluating the maintenance level of a highway tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the classification of the maintenance level of the highway tunnel is as follows:
GCwhen the grade is more than 1.1, the grade is 1, and the lighting and ventilation facilities are upgraded and modified, so that the energy consumption of the tunnel is reduced;
1＜GCwhen the level is less than 1.1, the level is 2, the regulation and control management of lighting and ventilation facilities is enhanced, and the operation of energy consumption facilities is controlled according to traffic flow;
0.95＜GCwhen the grade is less than or equal to 1, the grade is 3, the daily overhaul and maintenance are enhanced, the reduction of the tunnel technical condition is avoided, and the energy consumption management and control level is improved;
0.9＜GCwhen the grade is less than or equal to 0.95, the grade is 4, and conventional overhaul and maintenance are adopted, so that the technical condition of the existing tunnel is maintained;
GCwhen the grade is less than or equal to 0.9, the grade is 5, and the conventional overhaul and maintenance are adopted, so that the technical condition of the existing tunnel is maintained.
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| US11733153B1 (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2023-08-22 | Research Institute Of Highway Ministry Of Transport | Method for evaluating environmental erosion of thaumasite in tunnel concrete |
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| JP2016205837A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2016-12-08 | 佐藤工業株式会社 | Management method of tunnel |
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