CN117875214A - Crane dynamic stress analysis method and system - Google Patents
Crane dynamic stress analysis method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a crane dynamic stress analysis method and a crane dynamic stress analysis system, which relate to the field of crane equipment simulation analysis, and the method comprises the following steps: collecting structural data of a crane; carrying out tensile experiment simulation on the crane according to the structural data to obtain a mapping relation between the temperature stress of the crane and the environmental temperature; acquiring environmental temperature data, and calculating the temperature stress of the crane according to the mapping relation between the environmental temperature data and the temperature stress and the environmental temperature; constructing a wind pressure simulation equation of the crane structure, training through the ambient wind speed and the wind pressure, and verifying the wind pressure simulation equation; collecting the wind speed of the surface of the crane structure, obtaining the wind pressure of the polar region wind to the crane structure through a wind pressure simulation equation and the wind speed, and calculating the wind load stress of the surface of the crane according to the wind pressure; and calculating the dynamic stress of the crane through the temperature stress and the wind load stress. And predicting the performance and safety of the crane in different working environments by adopting structural data and an analog simulation technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crane equipment simulation analysis, in particular to a crane dynamic stress analysis method and system.
Background
The crane is common operation equipment in large-scale engineering, plays an important role, and once a safety accident occurs, serious consequences can be caused, in order to prevent the safety accident of the crane in the large-scale engineering, a dynamic reliability evaluation model is generally established to evaluate the dynamic reliability of a crane bridge structure, and the dynamic reliability of the crane can be estimated by analyzing the dynamic stress of the crane. However, when the crane is in a polar environment, the polar temperature load and the dynamic wind load have a larger influence on the structure of the crane, and the conventional stress analysis method has a general effect, so that a dynamic stress analysis method with better effect is required to be designed aiming at the interference of the polar temperature load and the dynamic wind load.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a crane dynamic stress analysis method and system, which are used for decomposing the dynamic stress suffered by a crane structure in a polar region into temperature stress and wind load stress, and respectively considering the influence of ambient temperature and wind pressure, so that the accurate analysis of the crane structure dynamic stress is realized, and the problem that the effect of the crane structure stress analysis method in the polar region in the prior art is general is solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: on the one hand, the invention provides a crane dynamic stress analysis method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting structural data of a crane;
s2, carrying out tensile experiment simulation on the crane according to the structural data to obtain a mapping relation between the temperature stress of the crane and the environmental temperature;
s3, acquiring environmental temperature data, and calculating the temperature stress of the crane according to the mapping relation between the environmental temperature data and the temperature stress and the environmental temperature;
s4, constructing a wind pressure simulation equation of the crane structure, training through ambient wind speed and wind pressure, and verifying the wind pressure simulation equation;
s5, collecting the wind speed of the surface of the crane structure, obtaining the wind pressure of the polar region wind to the crane structure through a wind pressure simulation equation and the wind speed, and calculating the wind load stress of the surface of the crane according to the wind pressure;
s6, calculating the dynamic stress of the crane through the temperature stress and the wind load stress.
Preferably, step S1 includes:
the structural data includes Young's modulus, elastic-plastic transition strength, maximum tensile pressure, elongation at break, and shrinkage at break.
Preferably, step S2 comprises the steps of:
s21, carrying out tensile experiment simulation on the crane material at different temperatures, and calculating the mapping relation between the structural data of the crane material and the environmental temperature;
s22, calculating the temperature stress of the crane material according to the structural data, and establishing a mapping relation between the temperature stress and the environmental temperature.
Preferably, step S21 includes:
the mapping relation between the structural data of the crane material and the ambient temperature is as follows:
wherein E is 0 Young's modulus of crane material at 0 degree, T is an ambient temperature value, a is a temperature change coefficient of Young's modulus, and k a To be the temperature change coefficient of the elastic-plastic transformation strength,elastic-plastic transformation strength, k of crane material at 0 DEG b Temperature coefficient of variation for maximum tensile pressure +.>Maximum stretching pressure of crane material at 0 degree, l a Temperature coefficient of variation for the elongation at break +.>At 0 degree the breaking extension of the crane material, l b Temperature coefficient of variation for fracture shrinkage, +.>Fracture shrinkage of crane material at 0 degree, E is Young's modulus, sigma a For elastic-plastic transformation strength, sigma b To draw maximum pressure, K a To break the extension, K b Is fracture shrinkage.
Preferably, step S22 includes:
the mapping relation between the temperature stress and the ambient temperature is as follows:
wherein F is Warm temperature Is the temperature stress, T is the ambient temperature,e is the Young's modulus and is the temperature expansion coefficient;
the temperature expansion coefficientThe structural data is calculated to obtain:
wherein r is a thermal correction index, E 0 Young's modulus of crane material at 20 degrees, T is an ambient temperature value, T 0 For the preset environmental temperature threshold value, a is the temperature change coefficient of Young's modulus, and k a To be the temperature change coefficient of the elastic-plastic transformation strength,elastic-plastic transformation strength, k of crane material at 20 DEG b Temperature coefficient of variation for maximum tensile pressure +.>Maximum stretching pressure of crane material at 20 DEG, l a Temperature coefficient of variation for the elongation at break +.>At 20 degrees the breaking extension of the crane material, l b Temperature coefficient of variation for fracture shrinkage, +.>Fracture shrinkage of the crane material at 20 degrees.
Preferably, the wind pressure simulation equation is:
wherein P is Wind power Is the wind pressure, which is the wind pressure,is wind pressure coefficient ρ Empty space Is air density v Wind power Is the ambient wind speed;
and training and verifying the wind pressure simulation equation through the ambient wind speed and the wind pressure until the accuracy of the wind pressure simulation equation reaches a preset value.
Preferably, step S5 includes:
calculating wind load stress of the crane surface according to wind pressure:
F wind power ＝P Wind power ×S Wind power ；
Wherein F is Wind power For wind load stress, P Wind power Is wind pressure, S Wind power The wind area of the crane structure is provided.
Preferably, the dynamic stress of the crane is:
wherein,for dynamic stress vector of crane, < >>For the temperature stress vector of the crane, < >>Is the wind load stress vector of the crane.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a crane dynamic stress analysis system, the system comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring structural data of the crane;
the stretching experiment module is used for carrying out stretching experiment simulation on the crane according to the structural data to obtain the mapping relation between the temperature stress of the crane and the environmental temperature;
the temperature stress module is used for collecting environmental temperature data and calculating the temperature stress of the crane according to the mapping relation between the environmental temperature data and the temperature stress and the environmental temperature;
the wind pressure simulation module is used for constructing a wind pressure simulation equation of the crane structure, training the wind pressure simulation equation through the ambient wind speed and the wind pressure, and verifying the wind pressure simulation equation;
the wind load stress module is used for collecting the wind speed of the surface of the crane structure, obtaining the wind pressure of the polar region wind to the crane structure through a wind pressure simulation equation and the wind speed, and calculating the wind load stress of the surface of the crane according to the wind pressure;
and the dynamic stress module is used for calculating the dynamic stress of the crane through the temperature stress and the wind load stress.
Compared with the prior art, the crane dynamic stress analysis method and system have the following beneficial effects:
(1) By adopting structural data and an analog simulation technology, the stress analysis of the crane is more accurate, the performance and the safety of the crane under different working environments are predicted, and the cost and the time of actual testing are reduced;
(2) By analyzing the influence of temperature on the crane material property, the influence of environmental temperature change on the crane is considered, so that the reliability of the crane under different temperature conditions is improved;
(3) Constructing a wind pressure simulation equation and combining wind speed data to evaluate the influence of wind pressure on the crane and evaluate the stability and safety of the crane in an environment with larger wind power;
(4) And the temperature stress and the wind load stress are integrated, so that the dynamic stress analysis of the crane is more comprehensive, the future structural design and improvement are guided, and the performance and the safety of the crane are improved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for analyzing dynamic stress of a crane according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram of a dynamic stress analysis system of a crane according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will clearly and fully describe the technical aspects of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a crane dynamic stress analysis method, as shown in figure 1, comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting structural data of a crane;
s2, carrying out tensile experiment simulation on the crane according to the structural data to obtain a mapping relation between the temperature stress of the crane and the environmental temperature;
s3, acquiring environmental temperature data, and calculating the temperature stress of the crane according to the mapping relation between the environmental temperature data and the temperature stress and the environmental temperature;
s4, constructing a wind pressure simulation equation of the crane structure, training through ambient wind speed and wind pressure, and verifying the wind pressure simulation equation;
s5, collecting the wind speed of the surface of the crane structure, obtaining the wind pressure of the polar region wind to the crane structure through a wind pressure simulation equation and the wind speed, and calculating the wind load stress of the surface of the crane according to the wind pressure;
s6, calculating the dynamic stress of the crane through the temperature stress and the wind load stress.
It should be noted that:
in extreme environments, the crane structure is often greatly affected by the environment, and the conventional stress analysis method does not work well at this time, because the stress influence exerted by the external disturbance to the crane is not considered.
Common external disturbances are low temperatures and gusts of wind.
The temperature change causes expansion or contraction of the structure or member, and when the expansion or contraction is restricted, a stress, which is called a temperature stress, is generated inside thereof.
The polar region is severely polluted, and wind load is the main environmental load to which the crane is subjected. It is recorded that the maximum wind speed measured in the ship running data recorded by south pole investigation of a certain icebreaker reaches 32m/s, the maximum wind speed in the annual weather data recorded by a certain weather station reaches 27.6m/s, the average temperature of the north pole is-18 ℃ and the minimum wind speed can reach-53 ℃. Therefore, the wind load effect of the polar vessel crane is more pronounced compared to conventional crane designs. The wind load of the polar region ship crane needs to be studied, the pulsation effect of wind is considered, and then the influence of the wind load on the crane structure is analyzed. Therefore, the influence of temperature stress and wind load stress on the crane structure in the polar environment is solved respectively, and the method is simpler and more direct than the method of directly carrying out integral dynamic stress analysis on the crane.
The step S1 comprises the following steps:
the structural data includes Young's modulus, elastic-plastic transition strength, maximum tensile pressure, elongation at break, and shrinkage at break.
It should be noted that:
the method comprises the steps of collecting a plurality of structural data of a crane, wherein the structural data comprise Young's modulus, elastic-plastic transformation strength, stretching maximum pressure, fracture expansion degree, fracture shrinkage degree and the like;
where Young's modulus is a measure that describes the ability of a material to resist deformation over a range of elasticity. The higher the Young's modulus of a material, the less it deforms under stress. In crane designs, the high young's modulus helps ensure that the structure remains stable when loaded, without excessive bending or twisting.
The elastic-plastic transition strength refers to the maximum stress that the material can withstand before plastic deformation begins to occur. The crane material needs to have enough elastic-plastic transformation strength to bear heavy load without permanent deformation, so that the safety and reliability of the structure are ensured.
The maximum tensile stress is the maximum stress that the material can withstand during stretching. In cranes, the maximum tension is particularly important, as it ensures that the structure does not break when hanging weights.
The degree of elongation at break is the degree to which a material can elongate before breaking. A higher degree of fracture extension means that the material can undergo more plastic deformation before fracture, which helps to absorb energy in extreme cases and reduces the risk of momentary fracture.
Fracture shrinkage is the proportion of material that reduces in area during fracture, and provides information about the plastic deformation capability of the material. In crane designs, a high fracture shrinkage can be an indicator that the material will not break suddenly under extreme loads.
Together, these characteristics ensure the overall performance of the crane structure, including its load carrying capacity, stability, durability and safety. Proper materials and designs are selected to significantly improve the performance and reliability of the crane.
Step S2 comprises the steps of:
s21, carrying out tensile experiment simulation on the crane material at different temperatures, and calculating the mapping relation between the structural data of the crane material and the environmental temperature;
s22, calculating the temperature stress of the crane material according to the structural data, and establishing a mapping relation between the temperature stress and the environmental temperature.
It should be noted that:
the material adopted by the crane structure is EH36 steel, and the average temperature of the polar environment is-18 ℃, the minimum temperature can reach-53 ℃, and the normal temperature can be close to 20 ℃ when the crane works, so that the EH36 steel is subjected to tensile test simulation at-60-20 ℃.
When the temperature of the EH36 steel is gradually reduced from 20 ℃ to-60 ℃, the elastic-plastic transformation strength of the EH36 steel is gradually increased, the maximum tensile pressure is gradually increased, the Young modulus is gradually decreased after the maximum tensile pressure is increased, a peak value exists, the fracture expansion degree is gradually decreased, and the fracture shrinkage degree is gradually decreased.
According to the data obtained by the test, the temperature of the EH36 steel is divided into 9 end point temperatures from 20 ℃ to-60 ℃ which are respectively 20 ℃, 10 ℃, 0 ℃, -10 ℃, -20 ℃, -30 ℃, -40 ℃, -50 ℃, -60 ℃, and the structural data corresponding to the 9 end point temperatures are respectively:
at 20 ℃, the Young's modulus is 2.07GPa, the elastic-plastic transformation strength is 366MPa, the maximum stretching pressure is 510MPa, the breaking extension degree is 18.56%, and the fracture shrinkage degree is 31.12%;
at 10 ℃, the Young's modulus is 2.14GPa, the elastic-plastic transformation strength is 339MPa, the maximum tensile pressure is 514MPa, the breaking extension degree is 17.94%, and the fracture shrinkage degree is 29.99%;
at 0 ℃, the Young's modulus is 2.20GPa, the elastic-plastic transformation strength is 373MPa, the maximum tensile pressure is 518MPa, the breaking extension degree is 17.32%, and the fracture shrinkage degree is 28.87%;
at-10 ℃, the Young's modulus is 2.24GPa, the elastic-plastic transformation strength is 377MPa, the maximum tensile pressure is 522MPa, the breaking extension degree is 16.70%, and the fracture shrinkage degree is 27.75%;
at-20 ℃, the Young's modulus is 2.28GPa, the elastic-plastic transformation strength is 381MPa, the maximum tensile pressure is 527MPa, the breaking extension degree is 16.08%, and the fracture shrinkage degree is 26.63%;
at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, the Young modulus is 2.30GPa, the elastic-plastic transformation strength is 383MPa, the maximum stretching pressure is 529MPa, the breaking expansion degree is 14.89%, and the fracture shrinkage degree is 25.83%;
at-40 ℃, the Young's modulus is 2.32GPa, the elastic-plastic transformation strength is 385MPa, the maximum tensile pressure is 532MPa, the breaking extension degree is 13.71%, and the fracture shrinkage degree is 25.04%;
at 50 ℃ below zero, the Young's modulus is 2.33GPa, the elastic-plastic transformation strength is 386MPa, the maximum tensile pressure is 535MPa, the breaking elongation is 13.27%, and the fracture shrinkage is 24.08%;
at 60 ℃ below zero, the Young's modulus is 2.33GPa, the elastic-plastic transformation strength is 387MPa, the maximum tensile pressure is 537MPa, the breaking extension degree is 12.83%, and the fracture shrinkage degree is 23.12%;
according to the relation that the structural data of EH36 steel changes along with the temperature change, the mapping relation between the structural data of the crane and the environmental temperature is constructed through a fitting curve, wherein the elastic-plastic transformation strength, the stretching maximum pressure, the breaking expansion degree and the breaking shrinkage degree are all linearly increased or decreased along with the temperature change, so that a linear function is constructed to represent the mapping relation, the Young modulus is gradually increased along with the temperature decrease, the increasing speed is gradually slower, and the embodiment fits the characteristic into an exponential function.
The step S21 includes:
the mapping relation between the structural data of the crane material and the temperature is as follows:
wherein E is 0 Young's modulus of crane material at 0 degree, T is an ambient temperature value, a is a temperature change coefficient of Young's modulus, and k a To be the temperature change coefficient of the elastic-plastic transformation strength,elastic-plastic transformation strength, k of crane material at 0 DEG b Temperature coefficient of variation for maximum tensile pressure +.>Maximum stretching pressure of crane material at 0 degree, l a Temperature coefficient of variation for the elongation at break +.>At 0 degree the breaking extension of the crane material, l b Temperature coefficient of variation for fracture shrinkage, +.>Fracture shrinkage of crane material at 0 degree, E is Young's modulus, sigma a For elastic-plastic transformation strength, sigma b To draw maximum pressure, K a To break the extension, K b Is fracture shrinkage.
It should be noted that:
taking into account the elastic-plastic transition strength, the maximum tensile pressure, the breaking elongation and the breakingThe mouth shrinkage is linearly increased or decreased along with the temperature change, so that a linear function is constructed for representing the mapping relation, and the temperature change coefficient k a 、k b 、l a And l b The slope of the primary function is given respectively, and the Young's modulus is given as an exponential function by fitting, and the temperature change coefficient a of the Young's modulus is the base of the exponential function. And it should be noted that: the above mapping relationship is only a fitting function, not completely corresponding, so that errors exist, but the overall variation trend is the same.
In the present embodiment, k a It may be set to-0.25,set to 371, k b Can be set to-0.35, < + >>Set to 517, l a Can be set to 0.00072,/for>Set to 0.1712, l b Can be set to 0.001,/or%>Set to 0.2912, a may be set to 0.9972, E 0 Setting the temperature to be 2.20, wherein the parameters are correspondingly set according to the change relation between the structural data of the E36 steel and the temperature change.
Step S22 includes:
the temperature stress is calculated as follows:
wherein F is Warm temperature Is the temperature stress, T is the ambient temperature,e is the Young's modulus and is the temperature expansion coefficient;
the temperature expansion coefficientThe structural data is calculated to obtain:
wherein r is a thermal correction index, E 0 Young's modulus of crane material at 0 degree, T is an ambient temperature value, a is a temperature change coefficient of Young's modulus, and k a To be the temperature change coefficient of the elastic-plastic transformation strength,elastic-plastic transformation strength, k of crane material at 0 DEG b Temperature coefficient of change for elastic-plastic transition strength, +.>Maximum stretching pressure of crane material at 0 degree, l a Temperature coefficient of variation for the elongation at break +.>At 0 degree the breaking extension of the crane material, l b Temperature coefficient of variation for fracture shrinkage, +.>Fracture shrinkage of the crane material at 0 degrees.
It should be noted that:
temperature stress is mainly affected by young's modulus and ambient temperature, however young's modulus is error in the above fitted function, and accuracy needs to be improved. Therefore, in this embodiment, a thermal expansion coefficient is introduced, and is determined by five parameters of the structural data together, and five structural data are adopted together, because all the five structural data change along with the temperature change, and most of the five structural data are linearly related, so that in contrast, the temperature is linearly related to the structural data, the structural data is reversely utilized to express the temperature, so as to set the thermal expansion coefficient, and then a thermal correction index r is introduced to correct the temperature into the thermal expansion coefficient, specifically, in this embodiment, the temperature T is reversely expressed by the five structural data, and then the five times of multiplication are performed, and then the balance correction is performed, namely, the expression of r is as follows:
and θ is a structural data inversion coefficient for correcting the ambient temperature to a temperature expansion coefficient, and the structural data inversion coefficient changes according to temperature change.
Step S21 includes calculating a mapping relationship between the structural data and the temperature:
in the tensile experimental simulation, structural data of the crane material, such as Young's modulus, elastic-plastic transformation strength and the like, are calculated and changed along with temperature. Provides mechanical performance parameters of crane materials under different temperature conditions.
Step S22 includes calculating a temperature stress:
and calculating the temperature stress of the crane material under the actual working condition by using the obtained mapping relation between the structural data and the temperature. And the factors such as the temperature expansion coefficient and the like are considered so as to more accurately reflect the stress states of the material at different temperatures.
Step S22 further includes establishing a mapping relationship between the temperature stress and the ambient temperature:
and correlating the calculated temperature stress with the ambient temperature, and establishing a mapping relation between the temperature stress and the ambient temperature. So that the stress response of the crane material can be predicted more accurately in actual working conditions.
Step S2 provides a mapping relationship of crane material structure data under different temperature conditions as a whole, so that the change of material properties can be better known in actual work.
By calculating the temperature stress, a foundation is provided for subsequent dynamic stress analysis, and the stress condition of the crane structure can be accurately assessed when the temperature change is considered.
The mapping relation between the temperature stress and the environmental temperature is established, so that the stress state of the crane structure can be predicted and adjusted more accurately under different environmental temperatures.
The crane structure reliability and stability are improved, and safe and efficient operation of the crane under different working conditions and environmental conditions is ensured.
The wind pressure simulation equation is as follows:
wherein P is Wind power Is the wind pressure, which is the wind pressure,is wind pressure coefficient ρ Empty space Is air density v Wind power Is the wind speed;
and training and verifying the wind pressure simulation equation through the ambient wind speed and the wind pressure until the accuracy of the wind pressure simulation equation reaches a preset value.
It should be noted that:
wind load can be considered as being superimposed by average wind and pulsating wind. The magnitude and direction of the average wind remain unchanged for one period, and can be calculated according to static load. The intensity of the pulsating wind is in random variation trend along with time, and a steady Gaussian random process is commonly used in engineering to simulate the pulsating wind speed.
The step S5 comprises the following steps:
calculating wind load stress of the crane surface according to wind pressure:
F wind power ＝P Wind power ×S Wind power ；
Wherein F is Wind power For wind load stress, P Wind power Is wind pressure, S Wind power The wind area of the crane structure is provided.
The dynamic stress of the crane is as follows:
wherein,for dynamic stress vector of crane, < >>For the temperature stress vector of the crane, < >>Is the wind load stress vector of the crane.
It should be noted that:
vector operation is carried out by combining the wind load stress vector and the temperature pressure vector, and the dynamic stress vector of the whole structure of the crane is obtained from the convenience.
Example two
The invention also provides a crane dynamic stress analysis system, as shown in fig. 2, comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring structural data of the crane;
the stretching experiment module is used for carrying out stretching experiment simulation on the crane according to the structural data to obtain the mapping relation between the temperature stress of the crane and the environmental temperature;
the temperature stress module is used for collecting environmental temperature data and calculating the temperature stress of the crane according to the mapping relation between the environmental temperature data and the temperature stress and the environmental temperature;
the wind pressure simulation module is used for constructing a wind pressure simulation equation of the crane structure, training the wind pressure simulation equation through the ambient wind speed and the wind pressure, and verifying the wind pressure simulation equation;
the wind load stress module is used for collecting the wind speed of the surface of the crane structure, obtaining the wind pressure of the polar region wind to the crane structure through a wind pressure simulation equation and the wind speed, and calculating the wind load stress of the surface of the crane according to the wind pressure;
and the dynamic stress module is used for calculating the dynamic stress of the crane through the temperature stress and the wind load stress.
It should be noted that:
in extreme environments, the crane structure is often greatly affected by the environment, and the conventional stress analysis method does not work well at this time, because the stress influence exerted by the external disturbance to the crane is not considered.
Common external disturbances are low temperatures and gusts of wind.
The temperature change causes expansion or contraction of the structure or member, and when the expansion or contraction is restricted, a stress, which is called a temperature stress, is generated inside thereof.
The polar region is severely polluted, and wind load is the main environmental load to which the crane is subjected. It is recorded that the maximum wind speed measured in the ship running data recorded by south pole investigation of a certain icebreaker reaches 32m/s, the maximum wind speed in the annual weather data recorded by a certain weather station reaches 27.6m/s, the average temperature of the north pole is-18 ℃ and the minimum wind speed can reach-53 ℃. Therefore, the wind load effect of the polar vessel crane is more pronounced compared to conventional crane designs. The wind load of the polar region ship crane needs to be studied, the pulsation effect of wind is considered, and then the influence of the wind load on the crane structure is analyzed. Therefore, the influence of temperature stress and wind load stress on the crane structure in the polar environment is solved respectively, and the method is simpler and more direct than the method of directly carrying out integral dynamic stress analysis on the crane.
The data acquisition module is used for:
the structural data includes Young's modulus, elastic-plastic transition strength, maximum tensile pressure, elongation at break, and shrinkage at break.
It should be noted that:
the method comprises the steps of collecting a plurality of structural data of a crane, wherein the structural data comprise Young's modulus, elastic-plastic transformation strength, stretching maximum pressure, fracture expansion degree, fracture shrinkage degree and the like;
where Young's modulus is a measure that describes the ability of a material to resist deformation over a range of elasticity. The higher the Young's modulus of a material, the less it deforms under stress. In crane designs, the high young's modulus helps ensure that the structure remains stable when loaded, without excessive bending or twisting.
The elastic-plastic transition strength refers to the maximum stress that the material can withstand before plastic deformation begins to occur. The crane material needs to have enough elastic-plastic transformation strength to bear heavy load without permanent deformation, so that the safety and reliability of the structure are ensured.
The maximum tensile stress is the maximum stress that the material can withstand during stretching. In cranes, the maximum tension is particularly important, as it ensures that the structure does not break when hanging weights.
The degree of elongation at break is the degree to which a material can elongate before breaking. A higher degree of fracture extension means that the material can undergo more plastic deformation before fracture, which helps to absorb energy in extreme cases and reduces the risk of momentary fracture.
Fracture shrinkage is the proportion of material that reduces in area during fracture, and provides information about the plastic deformation capability of the material. In crane designs, a high fracture shrinkage can be an indicator that the material will not break suddenly under extreme loads.
Together, these characteristics ensure the overall performance of the crane structure, including its load carrying capacity, stability, durability and safety. Proper materials and designs are selected to significantly improve the performance and reliability of the crane.
The tensile test module comprises:
the simulation unit is used for carrying out tensile experiment simulation on the crane material at different temperatures and calculating the mapping relation between the structural data of the crane material and the environmental temperature;
and the temperature mapping unit is used for calculating the temperature stress of the crane material according to the structure data and establishing a mapping relation between the temperature stress and the environmental temperature.
It should be noted that:
the material adopted by the crane structure is EH36 steel, and the average temperature of the polar environment is-18 ℃, the minimum temperature can reach-53 ℃, and the normal temperature can be close to 20 ℃ when the crane works, so that the EH36 steel is subjected to tensile test simulation at-60-20 ℃.
When the temperature of the EH36 steel is gradually reduced from 20 ℃ to-60 ℃, the elastic-plastic transformation strength of the EH36 steel is gradually increased, the maximum tensile pressure is gradually increased, the Young modulus is gradually decreased after the maximum tensile pressure is increased, a peak value exists, the fracture expansion degree is gradually decreased, and the fracture shrinkage degree is gradually decreased.
According to the data obtained by the test, the temperature of the EH36 steel is divided into 9 end point temperatures from 20 ℃ to-60 ℃ which are respectively 20 ℃, 10 ℃, 0 ℃, -10 ℃, -20 ℃, -30 ℃, -40 ℃, -50 ℃, -60 ℃, and the structural data corresponding to the 9 end point temperatures are respectively:
at 20 ℃, the Young's modulus is 2.07GPa, the elastic-plastic transformation strength is 366MPa, the maximum stretching pressure is 510MPa, the breaking extension degree is 18.56%, and the fracture shrinkage degree is 31.12%;
at 10 ℃, the Young's modulus is 2.14GPa, the elastic-plastic transformation strength is 339MPa, the maximum tensile pressure is 514MPa, the breaking extension degree is 17.94%, and the fracture shrinkage degree is 29.99%;
at 0 ℃, the Young's modulus is 2.20GPa, the elastic-plastic transformation strength is 373MPa, the maximum tensile pressure is 518MPa, the breaking extension degree is 17.32%, and the fracture shrinkage degree is 28.87%;
at-10 ℃, the Young's modulus is 2.24GPa, the elastic-plastic transformation strength is 377MPa, the maximum tensile pressure is 522MPa, the breaking extension degree is 16.70%, and the fracture shrinkage degree is 27.75%;
at-20 ℃, the Young's modulus is 2.28GPa, the elastic-plastic transformation strength is 381MPa, the maximum tensile pressure is 527MPa, the breaking extension degree is 16.08%, and the fracture shrinkage degree is 26.63%;
at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, the Young modulus is 2.30GPa, the elastic-plastic transformation strength is 383MPa, the maximum stretching pressure is 529MPa, the breaking expansion degree is 14.89%, and the fracture shrinkage degree is 25.83%;
at-40 ℃, the Young's modulus is 2.32GPa, the elastic-plastic transformation strength is 385MPa, the maximum tensile pressure is 532MPa, the breaking extension degree is 13.71%, and the fracture shrinkage degree is 25.04%;
at 50 ℃ below zero, the Young's modulus is 2.33GPa, the elastic-plastic transformation strength is 386MPa, the maximum tensile pressure is 535MPa, the breaking elongation is 13.27%, and the fracture shrinkage is 24.08%;
at 60 ℃ below zero, the Young's modulus is 2.33GPa, the elastic-plastic transformation strength is 387MPa, the maximum tensile pressure is 537MPa, the breaking extension degree is 12.83%, and the fracture shrinkage degree is 23.12%;
according to the relation that the structural data of EH36 steel changes along with the temperature change, the mapping relation between the structural data of the crane and the environmental temperature is constructed through a fitting curve, wherein the elastic-plastic transformation strength, the stretching maximum pressure, the breaking expansion degree and the breaking shrinkage degree are all linearly increased or decreased along with the temperature change, so that a linear function is constructed to represent the mapping relation, the Young modulus is gradually increased along with the temperature decrease, the increasing speed is gradually slower, and the embodiment fits the characteristic into an exponential function.
The simulation unit is used for:
the mapping relation between the structural data of the crane material and the temperature is as follows:
wherein E is 0 Young's modulus of crane material at 0 degree, T is an ambient temperature value, a is a temperature change coefficient of Young's modulus, and k a To be the temperature change coefficient of the elastic-plastic transformation strength,elastic-plastic transformation strength, k of crane material at 0 DEG b Temperature coefficient of variation for maximum tensile pressure +.>Maximum stretching pressure of crane material at 0 degree, l a Temperature coefficient of variation for the elongation at break +.>At 0 degree the breaking extension of the crane material, l b Temperature coefficient of variation for fracture shrinkage, +.>Fracture shrinkage of crane material at 0 degree, E is Young's modulus, sigma a For elastic-plastic transformation strength, sigma b To draw maximum pressure, K a To break the extension, K b Is fracture shrinkage.
It should be noted that:
considering that the elastic-plastic transformation strength, the stretching maximum pressure, the fracture expansion degree and the fracture shrinkage degree are all linearly increased or decreased along with the temperature change, a linear function is constructed for representing the mapping relation, and the temperature change coefficient k a 、k b 、l a And l b The slope of the primary function is given respectively, and the Young's modulus is given as an exponential function by fitting, and the temperature change coefficient a of the Young's modulus is the base of the exponential function. And it should be noted that: the above mapping relationship is only a fitting function, not completely corresponding, so that errors exist, but the overall variation trend is the same.
In the present embodiment, k a It may be set to-0.25,set to 371, k b Can be set to-0.35, < + >>Set to 517, l a Can be set to 0.00072,/for>Set to 0.1712, l b Can be set to 0.001,/or%>Set to 0.2912, a may be set to 0.9972, E 0 Setting the temperature to be 2.20, wherein the parameters are correspondingly set according to the change relation between the structural data of the E36 steel and the temperature change.
The temperature mapping unit is used for:
the temperature stress is calculated as follows:
wherein F is Warm temperature Is the temperature stress, T is the ambient temperature,e is the Young's modulus and is the temperature expansion coefficient;
the temperature expansion coefficientThe structural data is calculated to obtain:
wherein r is a thermal correction index, E 0 Young's modulus of crane material at 0 degree, T is an ambient temperature value, a is a temperature change coefficient of Young's modulus, and k a To be the temperature change coefficient of the elastic-plastic transformation strength,elastic-plastic transformation strength, k of crane material at 0 DEG b Temperature coefficient of change for elastic-plastic transition strength, +.>Maximum stretching pressure of crane material at 0 degree, l a Temperature coefficient of variation for the elongation at break +.>At 0 degree the breaking extension of the crane material, l b Temperature coefficient of variation for fracture shrinkage, +.>Fracture shrinkage of the crane material at 0 degrees.
It should be noted that:
temperature stress is mainly affected by young's modulus and ambient temperature, however young's modulus is error in the above fitted function, and accuracy needs to be improved. Therefore, in this embodiment, a thermal expansion coefficient is introduced, and is determined by five parameters of the structural data together, and five structural data are adopted together, because all the five structural data change along with the temperature change, and most of the five structural data are linearly related, so that in contrast, the temperature is linearly related to the structural data, the structural data is reversely utilized to express the temperature, so as to set the thermal expansion coefficient, and then a thermal correction index r is introduced to correct the temperature into the thermal expansion coefficient, specifically, in this embodiment, the temperature T is reversely expressed by the five structural data, and then the five times of multiplication are performed, and then the balance correction is performed, namely, the expression of r is as follows:
and θ is a structural data inversion coefficient for correcting the ambient temperature to a temperature expansion coefficient, and the structural data inversion coefficient changes according to temperature change.
The simulation unit comprises a mapping relation between the calculated structural data and the temperature:
in the tensile experimental simulation, structural data of the crane material, such as Young's modulus, elastic-plastic transformation strength and the like, are calculated and changed along with temperature. Provides mechanical performance parameters of crane materials under different temperature conditions.
The temperature mapping unit includes calculating temperature stress:
and calculating the temperature stress of the crane material under the actual working condition by using the obtained mapping relation between the structural data and the temperature. And the factors such as the temperature expansion coefficient and the like are considered so as to more accurately reflect the stress states of the material at different temperatures.
The temperature mapping unit further comprises the step of establishing a mapping relation between temperature stress and ambient temperature:
and correlating the calculated temperature stress with the ambient temperature, and establishing a mapping relation between the temperature stress and the ambient temperature. So that the stress response of the crane material can be predicted more accurately in actual working conditions.
The tensile experiment module integrally provides mapping relation of crane material structure data under different temperature conditions, so that the change of material performance can be better known in actual work.
By calculating the temperature stress, a foundation is provided for subsequent dynamic stress analysis, and the stress condition of the crane structure can be accurately assessed when the temperature change is considered.
The mapping relation between the temperature stress and the environmental temperature is established, so that the stress state of the crane structure can be predicted and adjusted more accurately under different environmental temperatures.
The crane structure reliability and stability are improved, and safe and efficient operation of the crane under different working conditions and environmental conditions is ensured.
The wind pressure simulation equation is as follows:
wherein P is Wind power Is the wind pressure, which is the wind pressure,is wind pressure coefficient ρ Empty space Is air density v Wind power Is the wind speed;
and training and verifying the wind pressure simulation equation through the ambient wind speed and the wind pressure until the accuracy of the wind pressure simulation equation reaches a preset value.
It should be noted that:
wind load can be considered as being superimposed by average wind and pulsating wind. The magnitude and direction of the average wind remain unchanged for one period, and can be calculated according to static load. The intensity of the pulsating wind is in random variation trend along with time, and a steady Gaussian random process is commonly used in engineering to simulate the pulsating wind speed.
The wind load stress module is used for:
calculating wind load stress of the crane surface according to wind pressure:
F wind power ＝P Wind power ×S Wind power ；
Wherein F is Wind power For wind load stress, P Wind power Is wind pressure, S Wind power The wind area of the crane structure is provided.
The dynamic stress of the crane is as follows:
wherein,for dynamic stress vector of crane, < >>For the temperature stress vector of the crane, < >>Is the wind load stress vector of the crane.
It should be noted that:
vector operation is carried out by combining the wind load stress vector and the temperature pressure vector, and the dynamic stress vector of the whole structure of the crane is obtained from the convenience.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The dynamic stress analysis method for the crane is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, collecting structural data of a crane;
s2, carrying out tensile experiment simulation on the crane according to the structural data to obtain a mapping relation between the temperature stress of the crane and the environmental temperature;
s3, acquiring environmental temperature data, and calculating the temperature stress of the crane according to the mapping relation between the environmental temperature data and the temperature stress and the environmental temperature;
s4, constructing a wind pressure simulation equation of the crane structure, training through ambient wind speed and wind pressure, and verifying the wind pressure simulation equation;
s5, collecting the wind speed of the surface of the crane structure, obtaining the wind pressure of the polar region wind to the crane structure through a wind pressure simulation equation and the wind speed, and calculating the wind load stress of the surface of the crane according to the wind pressure;
s6, calculating the dynamic stress of the crane through the temperature stress and the wind load stress.
2. The crane dynamic stress analysis method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S1 comprises:
the structural data includes Young's modulus, elastic-plastic transition strength, maximum tensile pressure, elongation at break, and shrinkage at break.
3. The crane dynamic stress analysis method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S2 comprises the steps of:
s21, carrying out tensile experiment simulation on the crane material at different temperatures, and calculating the mapping relation between the structural data of the crane material and the environmental temperature;
s22, calculating the temperature stress of the crane material according to the structural data, and establishing a mapping relation between the temperature stress and the environmental temperature.
4. A crane dynamic stress analysis method as claimed in claim 3, wherein step S21 comprises:
the mapping relation between the structural data of the crane material and the ambient temperature is as follows:
wherein E is 0 At 0 degreeYoung's modulus of crane material, T is an ambient temperature value, a is a temperature change coefficient of Young's modulus, and k a To be the temperature change coefficient of the elastic-plastic transformation strength,elastic-plastic transformation strength, k of crane material at 0 DEG b Temperature coefficient of variation for maximum tensile pressure +.>Maximum stretching pressure of crane material at 0 degree, l a Temperature coefficient of variation for the elongation at break +.>At 0 degree the breaking extension of the crane material, l b Temperature coefficient of variation for fracture shrinkage, +.>Fracture shrinkage of crane material at 0 degree, E is Young's modulus, sigma a For elastic-plastic transformation strength, sigma b To draw maximum pressure, K a To break the extension, K b Is fracture shrinkage.
5. A crane dynamic stress analysis method as claimed in claim 3, wherein step S22 comprises:
the mapping relation between the temperature stress and the ambient temperature is as follows:
wherein F is Warm temperature Is the temperature stress, T is the ambient temperature,e is the Young's modulus and is the temperature expansion coefficient;
the temperature expansion coefficientThe structural data is calculated to obtain:
wherein r is a thermal correction index, E 0 Young's modulus of crane material at 20 degrees, T is an ambient temperature value, T 0 For the preset environmental temperature threshold value, a is the temperature change coefficient of Young's modulus, and k a To be the temperature change coefficient of the elastic-plastic transformation strength,elastic-plastic transformation strength, k of crane material at 20 DEG b Temperature coefficient of variation for maximum tensile pressure +.>Maximum stretching pressure of crane material at 20 DEG, l a Temperature coefficient of variation for the elongation at break +.>At 20 degrees the breaking extension of the crane material, l b Temperature coefficient of variation for fracture shrinkage, +.>Fracture shrinkage of the crane material at 20 degrees.
6. The crane dynamic stress analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the wind pressure simulation equation is:
wherein P is Wind power Is the wind pressure, which is the wind pressure,is wind pressure coefficient ρ Empty space Is air density v Wind power Is the ambient wind speed;
and training and verifying the wind pressure simulation equation through the ambient wind speed and the wind pressure until the accuracy of the wind pressure simulation equation reaches a preset value.
7. The crane dynamic stress analysis method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S5 comprises:
calculating wind load stress of the crane surface according to wind pressure:
F wind power ＝P Wind power ×S Wind power ；
Wherein F is Wind power For wind load stress, P Wind power Is wind pressure, S Wind power The wind area of the crane structure is provided.
8. The crane dynamic stress analysis method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crane dynamic stress is:
wherein,for dynamic stress vector of crane, < >>For the temperature stress vector of the crane, < >>Is the wind load stress vector of the crane.
9. A crane dynamic stress analysis system, the system comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring structural data of the crane;
the stretching experiment module is used for carrying out stretching experiment simulation on the crane according to the structural data to obtain the mapping relation between the temperature stress of the crane and the environmental temperature;
the temperature stress module is used for collecting environmental temperature data and calculating the temperature stress of the crane according to the mapping relation between the environmental temperature data and the temperature stress and the environmental temperature;
the wind pressure simulation module is used for constructing a wind pressure simulation equation of the crane structure, training the wind pressure simulation equation through the ambient wind speed and the wind pressure, and verifying the wind pressure simulation equation;
the wind load stress module is used for collecting the wind speed of the surface of the crane structure, obtaining the wind pressure of the polar region wind to the crane structure through a wind pressure simulation equation and the wind speed, and calculating the wind load stress of the surface of the crane according to the wind pressure;
and the dynamic stress module is used for calculating the dynamic stress of the crane through the temperature stress and the wind load stress.
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| US20070068605A1 (en) * | 2005-09-23 | 2007-03-29 | U.I.T., Llc | Method of metal performance improvement and protection against degradation and suppression thereof by ultrasonic impact |
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| CN115270287A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-11-01 | 大连海事大学 | Method for analyzing structural strength of polar region ship crane |
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| US20070068605A1 (en) * | 2005-09-23 | 2007-03-29 | U.I.T., Llc | Method of metal performance improvement and protection against degradation and suppression thereof by ultrasonic impact |
| CN109858088A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-06-07 | 苏州安至上机电科技有限公司 | The calculation method of the equivalent wind load model of gantry crane |
| CN115270287A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-11-01 | 大连海事大学 | Method for analyzing structural strength of polar region ship crane |
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