CN115270287A - Method for analyzing structural strength of polar region ship crane - Google Patents

Method for analyzing structural strength of polar region ship crane Download PDF

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CN115270287A
CN115270287A CN202210674497.XA CN202210674497A CN115270287A CN 115270287 A CN115270287 A CN 115270287A CN 202210674497 A CN202210674497 A CN 202210674497A CN 115270287 A CN115270287 A CN 115270287A
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crane structure
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crane
polar
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刘志杰
程玉莹
贾松江
乔楷卿
王晓邦
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Dalian Maritime University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for analyzing the structural strength of a polar region ship crane, which comprises the following steps: establishing a geometric model of a crane structure, and carrying out meshing on the geometric model; determining a temperature range of polar operation, wherein the lowest operation temperature is taken as a polar service temperature; setting the operating temperature condition of the crane, solving the temperature field of the crane structure in a steady-state thermal analysis mode, and calculating the temperature field of the crane structure; determining a polar region to calculate the wind speed; simulating dynamic wind load borne by a polar ship crane structure; performing modal analysis on the crane structure by adopting a modal analysis method to obtain the natural frequency and the vibration mode of the crane structure, thereby determining the weak direction of the dynamic stiffness of the crane structure; solving the stress borne by the crane structure to obtain the equivalent stress distribution, the maximum equivalent stress change curve and the maximum stress position of the polar ship crane structure under the combined action of temperature load and dynamic wind load, and determining the load safety of the structure according to the structural strength analysis result and the material strength.

Description

Method for analyzing structural strength of polar region ship crane
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of polar region equipment structure strength analysis, in particular to a polar region ship crane structure strength analysis process and method under the combined action of polar region temperature load and wind load.
Background
The operation environment of the polar ship is severe, including sea ice, low visibility, extremely low temperature, ice accretion, wind and snow, sea fog, high latitude, remoteness and the like, and the operation reliability and safety guarantee of the polar ship and equipment are difficult. The polar region low-temperature environment and wind load have great influence on the structural strength of the polar region ship crane, and are important problems to be considered in structural safety design. At present, the design evaluation of the polar ship crane structure mostly considers the influence of the polar environment temperature from the selection of materials, namely, the materials with the ductile-brittle transition temperature lower than the working environment temperature are selected, but the influence of the temperature stress generated by the structure due to the change of the working environment temperature on the strength is not considered. For the wind load borne by the crane structure, the wind load is usually treated into a static load according to the specification during design and considered, and the dynamic force action of the wind load is ignored, so that the strength analysis result of the structure is not accurate enough.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the problems in the prior art, the invention discloses a strength analysis process and a method of a polar region ship crane structure under the combined action of polar region temperature load and wind load, which specifically comprise the following steps:
establishing a geometric model of a crane structure, and carrying out meshing on the geometric model;
determining a temperature range of polar region operation, wherein the lowest operation temperature is taken as a polar region service temperature;
setting the operating temperature condition of the crane, solving the temperature field of the crane structure in a steady-state thermal analysis mode, and calculating the temperature field of the crane structure;
determining a polar region to calculate the wind speed;
simulating dynamic wind load borne by a polar ship crane structure;
performing modal analysis on the crane structure by adopting a modal analysis method to obtain the natural frequency and the vibration mode of the crane structure, thereby determining the weak direction of the dynamic stiffness of the crane structure;
setting boundary conditions by adopting a transient dynamics analysis method, introducing a temperature load, applying dynamic wind load, dead weight load and lifting load obtained by simulation to the crane structure, defining solution time to solve the stress borne by the crane structure, obtaining equivalent stress distribution, a maximum equivalent stress change curve and a maximum stress position of the polar ship crane structure under the combined action of the temperature load and the dynamic wind load, and determining the load-bearing safety of the structure according to a structural strength analysis result and material strength.
Further, simulating the dynamic wind load on the polar vessel crane structure includes:
determining the height position of the gravity center of the crane structure model under each working condition, and taking the position as a target simulation point of wind load;
and calculating the average wind speed at the height of the simulation point by adopting an exponential law model, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003694288200000021
wherein z is any height of the structure;
Figure BDA0003694288200000022
is the average wind speed at height z; z is a radical of formularIs a reference height;
Figure BDA0003694288200000023
is the average wind speed at the reference altitude; a is the roughness index of the ground.
Calculating the average wind speed at the height of the gravity center position of the crane structure according to the average wind speed data at the height of the measuring point;
and simulating the pulsating wind speed and calculating the total wind speed and the total wind pressure.
Further, the simulating the pulsating wind speed comprises:
determining a target fluctuating wind speed power spectrum:
the Darwort wind speed spectrum is selected as a target spectrum, and the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003694288200000024
in the formula, Sv(n) is a wind velocity spectrum; k is the ground a roughness coefficient;
Figure BDA0003694288200000025
is the average wind speed at a height of 10m from the ground; n is the pulsating wind frequency;
and (3) generating a pulsating wind speed time course by adopting an autoregressive linear filter AR method:
establishing an expression of an AR model of a pulsating wind speed time interval:
the AR model of the fluctuating wind speed time-course column vector of the m space points is as follows:
Figure BDA0003694288200000026
in the formula, X, Y, Z is a column vector matrix of space point coordinates; p is the order of the AR model; delta t is the time step of simulating pulsating wind; psiKAn autoregressive coefficient matrix of the AR model; n (t) is an independent random process vector;
solving the autoregressive coefficient psi according to the relationship between the covariance matrix R and the regression coefficient matrix psik：
Figure BDA0003694288200000031
In the formula, I is an m-order identity matrix; o ispIs a zero matrix; the covariance matrix R may be derived from the power spectrum SvThe (n) and the covariance are solved according to the wiener-Xin Qin formula, namely:
Figure BDA0003694288200000032
the autoregressive coefficient psi can be obtained by the formula (4)kAnd matrix RN。
Solving for an independent random process vector N (t): by aligning the matrix RNAnd (3) performing Cholesky decomposition, and solving to obtain N (t):
Figure BDA0003694288200000033
wherein n (t) = [ n ]1(t),L,nm(t)]T，ni(t) is a normal random distribution process with a mean value of 0 and a variance of 1;
solving the obtained autoregressive coefficient matrix psiKAnd substituting the independent random process vector N (t) into the formula (3) to obtain the time course of the pulsating wind speed.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the method for analyzing the structural strength of the polar ship crane under the consideration of the temperature load and the wind load can obtain the equivalent stress distribution, the maximum equivalent stress change curve and the maximum stress position of the polar ship crane under the consideration of the joint action of the temperature load and the dynamic wind load, so that the loaded safety of the structure is determined according to the structural strength analysis result and the material strength.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structural strength evaluation process of the polar vessel crane according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of format conversion based on ANSYS Mechanical APDL in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the AR method simulation polar region environment dynamic wind load time course in the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a time course of wind speed and wind pressure calculated at 20m/s in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cloud chart of structural equivalent stress of the crane considering temperature load and dynamic wind load in the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the maximum equivalent stress variation curve of the crane structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cloud diagram of equivalent stress of a crane structure without considering polar environment load.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention:
as shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a method for analyzing the structural strength of an arctic ship crane under the combined action of temperature load and wind load, according to the characteristic of influence of an arctic service environment on the structural strength of the arctic ship crane, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing crane structure model
And (3) establishing a geometric model of the crane structure by using three-dimensional modeling software such as Solidworks and the like, and exporting the x _ t format of the crane geometric model after the model is established.
S2, establishing a finite element model
Importing the exported x _ t model into professional preprocessing software Hypermesh for grid division, performing extraction surface processing on the ribbed plate type thin-wall structure, dividing the ribbed plate type thin-wall structure into quadrilateral grids, and then endowing the quadrilateral grids with thickness; and for the non-thin-wall structure, hexahedral mesh division is carried out. After the grid division is finished, defining material attributes and unit types, giving a grid model, and then exporting the grid model into a file in the format of cdb.
Hypermesh and ANSYS Mechanical APDL (classical) can well realize data transfer, ANSYS Workbench has high automation degree and simple operation, so that a cdb format file exported by the Hypermesh through the step of FIG. 2 is subjected to format transfer through the ANSYS classics, and then the transferred cdb file is imported into the Workbench for subsequent analysis and setting.
S3, determining the polar region operation temperature range
In the analysis, the minimum operating temperature is calculated as the Polar Service Temperature (PST), i.e., 10 ℃ below the lowest daily average low temperature (LMDLT) of the predetermined operating region.
S4, calculating the temperature field of the structure
And importing the exported file in the cdb format into ANSYS Workbench finite element analysis software, setting the operating temperature condition of the crane by adopting a steady-state thermal analysis module, solving and calculating the temperature field of the structure.
S5, determining polar region to calculate wind speed
Referring to the Specification for hoisting equipment of ships and offshore facilities (hereinafter referred to as the Specification), the calculated wind speed when the crane works should be 20m/s, the calculated wind speed when the crane is placed should be 55m/s, and if higher wind speed is expected, higher wind speed is obtained. Therefore, the calculated wind speed in the crane placement state is determined to perform subsequent wind load simulation according to the meteorological record data of the last decade of the world and the average annual maximum wind speed as a comparison value.
S6 wind load numerical simulation
The wind load is also called dynamic pressure of wind, can be regarded as being formed by superposing average wind with static force action and pulsating wind with dynamic force action, and simulates the dynamic wind load borne by the polar ship crane structure, and comprises the following steps:
s61, determining a wind speed simulation point
And determining the height position of the gravity center of the crane structure model under each working condition as a target simulation point of the wind load.
S62, average wind speed calculation
And calculating the average wind speed at the height of the simulation point by adopting an exponential law model, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003694288200000051
wherein z is any height of the structure;
Figure BDA0003694288200000052
is the average wind speed at height z; z is a radical ofrIs a reference height;
Figure BDA0003694288200000053
is the average wind speed at the reference altitude; a is the roughness index of the ground.
And calculating the average wind speed at the height of the gravity center position of the crane structure according to the average wind speed data at the height of the measuring point.
S63: pulsating wind speed simulation
Determining a target fluctuating wind speed power spectrum
The Darwort wind speed spectrum is selected as a target spectrum, and the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003694288200000054
in the formula, Sv(n) is a wind speed spectrum; k is the roughness coefficient of the ground;
Figure BDA0003694288200000055
is the average wind speed at a height of 10m from the ground; n is the pulsating wind frequency.
The method for generating the pulsating wind speed time interval by using the autoregressive linear filter AR method is characterized in that a calculation process is shown as a figure 3, and the specific calculation process is as follows:
establishing an expression of an AR model of a pulsating wind speed time interval:
the AR model of the column vector of the pulsating wind speed time course of the m space points is as follows:
Figure BDA0003694288200000056
in the formula, X, Y, Z is a column vector matrix of space point coordinates; p is an AR modeThe order of the type; delta t is the time step of simulating pulsating wind; psiKAn autoregressive coefficient matrix of the AR model; n (t) is an independent random process vector.
Solving the autoregressive coefficient psik：
According to the relation between the covariance matrix R and the regression coefficient matrix psi:
Figure BDA0003694288200000061
in the formula, I is an m-order unit matrix; o ispIs a zero matrix; the covariance matrix R may be derived from the power spectrum SvThe (n) and the covariance are solved according to the wiener-Xin Qin formula, namely:
Figure BDA0003694288200000062
the autoregressive coefficient psi can be obtained by the formula (4)kAnd matrix RN。
Solving for the independent random process vector N (t):
by aligning the matrix RNCarrying out Cholesky decomposition, and solving to obtain N (t):
Figure BDA0003694288200000063
wherein n (t) = [ n ]1(t),L,nm(t)]T，ni(t) is a normal random distribution process with a mean of 0 and a variance of 1.
Solving the obtained autoregressive coefficient matrix psiKAnd substituting the independent random process vector N (t) into the formula (3) to obtain the time course of the pulsating wind speed.
Calculating the total wind speed
And superposing the average wind speed and the fluctuating wind speed to obtain a total wind speed time course:
Figure BDA0003694288200000064
calculating the total wind pressure
Substituting the total wind speed time course into a wind pressure calculation formula in the Standard to obtain the total wind pressure time course:
q＝0.613vt 2 (8)
s7, structural modal analysis of crane
And performing modal analysis on the crane structure by using a modal analysis module in ANSYS Workbench to obtain the inherent frequency and the vibration mode of the crane structure, so as to determine the weak direction of the dynamic stiffness of the crane structure as the loading direction of the wind load in subsequent analysis.
S8, considering structural strength analysis under combined action of polar region temperature load and wind load
Setting boundary conditions by adopting a transient dynamics analysis module in ANSYS Workbench, introducing temperature load, applying dynamic wind load, dead weight load and lifting load obtained by simulation, defining solving time, and solving to obtain equivalent stress distribution, a maximum equivalent stress change curve and a maximum stress position of the polar ship crane structure under the combined action of temperature load and dynamic wind load. And determining the load safety of the structure according to the structural strength analysis result and the material strength.
Example (b):
the structural strength of the polar ship crane under the joint action of the temperature load and the dynamic wind load is evaluated by using the analysis method, and the result is compared with the analysis result without considering the polar environment load action.
The main performance parameters of the polar vessel crane are shown in table 1. And analyzing four working conditions of the crane. Wherein, working condition 2 and working condition 4 are two limit operation working conditions of the crane. The operating conditions parameters are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 Crane Main Performance parameters
Figure BDA0003694288200000071
TABLE 2 Crane operation Condition parameters
Figure BDA0003694288200000072
A crane structure three-dimensional model is established, hypermesh is applied to grid division, thin-wall structures such as a base, a tower body, a main arm and an auxiliary arm are divided into quadrilateral shell grids, a rotary mechanism, a shaft and a variable amplitude oil cylinder are divided into hexahedral grids, the model is divided into 493318 nodes and 390828 units in total, and the average size of the grids is about 50mm.
Defining material and unit and giving a grid model to export a cdb format file. And importing the transferred cdb format file into an ANSYS Workbench for steady-state thermal analysis. The initial temperature of the crane structure is given to be 0 ℃, the environmental temperature is given to be-30 ℃, and the solution is carried out.
When the crane is in a working state, the calculated wind speed is given 20m/s, and the wind pressure time course (the simulation time is 200 s) when the calculated wind speed is 20m/s is obtained through Matlab program simulation written based on the AR method is shown in figure 4.
And carrying out modal analysis on the crane structure. The modal analysis results for condition 2 are shown in table 3. It can be seen that the crane structure has the worst Z-direction dynamic stiffness, so that the next analysis applies wind loads to the Z-direction windward side of the crane structure.
TABLE 3 results of modal analysis under Condition 2
Figure BDA0003694288200000081
And defining a boundary condition as fixing a base, introducing a temperature load, applying a wind load obtained by simulation to a Z-direction windward side of the crane structure, applying a dead weight load and a lifting load, and setting the analysis time to be 20s by using a transient dynamics analysis module. The strength ratio of the crane structure before and after the polar environment load is considered in each working condition is shown in table 4. In the table, the stress borne by the crane structure after the environmental load is considered as the stress analysis result after the wind load is stable.
TABLE 4 comparison of structural strength of front and rear cranes under polar region environmental load
Figure BDA0003694288200000082
Taking the working condition 2 of the crane as an example for specific explanation, the stress analysis result is shown in fig. 5, the maximum equivalent stress change curve of the structure is shown in fig. 6, the pulsating stress in the graph is the maximum equivalent stress change curve under the action of considering dynamic wind load, the static load stress is the stress result calculated by using the wind pressure calculation formula in the specification, and then the static load is the stress result calculated when considering the wind load. FIG. 7 is an equivalent stress cloud diagram of a crane structure when polar environmental loading is not considered. From the comparative analysis of the results, it can be seen that the structure is subjected to strong impact of wind load for the first few seconds and then tends to be stable, considering the combined effect of polar temperature load and wind load. And the instantaneous impact action of the wind load enables the crane structure to generate larger stress, and the maximum equivalent stress is increased by 60.7 percent compared with the maximum equivalent stress when polar environment load is not considered. The analysis result shows the wind-induced vibration effect and vibration time of the crane structure, and meanwhile, the equivalent stress distribution of the structure, the change rule of the maximum equivalent stress along with time and the maximum equivalent stress occurrence position can be obtained. The method considers the effect of polar environment load, so that the strength evaluation result of the polar ship crane structure is more consistent with the actual situation of the polar operation environment, and a basis is provided for the safety design and evaluation of the polar ship crane structure.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method for analyzing structural strength of a polar ship crane is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a geometric model of a crane structure, and carrying out mesh division on the geometric model;
determining a temperature range of polar operation, wherein the lowest operation temperature is taken as a polar service temperature;
setting an operation temperature condition of the crane, solving a temperature field of the crane structure by adopting a steady-state thermal analysis mode, and calculating the temperature field of the crane structure;
determining a polar region to calculate the wind speed;
simulating dynamic wind load borne by a polar ship crane structure;
performing modal analysis on the crane structure by adopting a modal analysis method to obtain the natural frequency and the vibration mode of the crane structure, thereby determining the weak direction of the dynamic stiffness of the crane structure;
setting boundary conditions by adopting a transient dynamics analysis method, introducing a temperature load, applying dynamic wind load, dead weight load and lifting load obtained by simulation to the crane structure, defining solution time to solve the stress borne by the crane structure, obtaining equivalent stress distribution, a maximum equivalent stress change curve and a maximum stress position of the polar ship crane structure under the combined action of the temperature load and the dynamic wind load, and determining the load-bearing safety of the structure according to a structural strength analysis result and material strength.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: simulating the dynamic wind load experienced by the polar vessel crane structure comprises:
determining the height position of the gravity center of the crane structure model under each working condition, and taking the position as a target simulation point of wind load;
and calculating the average wind speed at the height of the simulation point by adopting an exponential law model, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003694288190000011
wherein z is any height of the structure;
Figure FDA0003694288190000012
is the average wind speed at height z; z is a radical of formularIs a reference height;
Figure FDA0003694288190000013
is the average wind speed at the reference altitude; a is a roughness index of the ground;
calculating the average wind speed at the height of the gravity center position of the crane structure according to the average wind speed data at the height of the measuring points;
and simulating the pulsating wind speed and calculating the total wind speed and the total wind pressure.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: simulating the pulsating wind speed comprises:
determining a target fluctuating wind speed power spectrum:
the Darwort wind speed spectrum is selected as a target spectrum, and the expression is as follows:
Figure FDA0003694288190000021
in the formula, Sv(n) is a wind speed spectrum; k is the roughness coefficient of the ground;
Figure FDA0003694288190000022
is the average wind speed at a height of 10m from the ground; n is the pulsating wind frequency;
and (3) generating a pulsating wind speed time course by adopting an autoregressive linear filter AR method:
establishing an expression of an AR model of a pulsating wind speed time interval:
the AR model of the fluctuating wind speed time-course column vector of the m space points is as follows:
Figure FDA0003694288190000023
in the formula, X, Y, Z is a column vector matrix of space point coordinates; p is the order of the AR model; delta t is the time step of simulating pulsating wind; psiKAn autoregressive coefficient matrix of the AR model; n (t) is an independent random process vector;
according to the covariance matrix R and the regression coefficient matrix psiSolving the autoregressive coefficient psik：
Figure FDA0003694288190000024
In the formula, I is an m-order identity matrix; o ispIs a zero matrix; the covariance matrix R may be derived from the power spectrum SvThe (n) and the covariance are solved according to the wiener-Xin Qin formula, namely:
Figure FDA0003694288190000025
the autoregressive coefficient psi can be obtained by the formula (4)kAnd matrix RN；
Solving for the independent random process vector N (t): by aligning the matrix RNAnd (3) performing Cholesky decomposition, and solving to obtain N (t):
RN＝L·LT
N(t)＝L·n(t) (6)
wherein n (t) = [ n =1(t),L,nm(t)]T，ni(t) a normal random distribution process with a mean value of 0 and a variance of 1;
solving the obtained autoregressive coefficient matrix psiKAnd substituting the independent random process vector N (t) into the formula (3) to obtain the time course of the pulsating wind speed.
CN202210674497.XA 2022-06-14 2022-06-14 Method for analyzing structural strength of polar region ship crane Pending CN115270287A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116956686A (en) * 2023-07-27 2023-10-27 大连海事大学 Simplified method for calculating local stress response of ship bottom structure of service ship

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116956686A (en) * 2023-07-27 2023-10-27 大连海事大学 Simplified method for calculating local stress response of ship bottom structure of service ship
CN116956686B (en) * 2023-07-27 2024-02-13 大连海事大学 Simplified method for calculating local stress response of ship bottom structure of service ship

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